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The Institutional Legacies of Incorporation
Abstract
Corporatism has been described as an exchange based on an interplay between inducements and constraints, both of which are mechanisms used to influence behavior and achieve control.1 If inducements are offered to produce compliance by the granting of advantages, constraints produce compliance by the application or threat of “disadvantages” or negative sanctions. The particular combination of inducements and constraints determines the resulting type of corporatism and the mix of control, representation, and mobilization. A critical factor explaining the Mexican regime’s ability to retain the loyalty of workers while restructuring in the 1990s is the type of inducements employed; inducements in the form of welfare benefits and subsidies are less likely to induce loyalty (particularly when austerity measures are retrenching these benefits) than inducements that offer career incentives, channels for representation and the expression of grievances, and input in policymaking.
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What has been called the Revolution of 1952 was not really a revolution; a revolution should start from the bottom, not the top. The 1919 Revolution was different; it created the Egyptian man, while the 1952 revolution killed him. The 1919 Revolution … achieved … the British evacuation, while the 1952 revolution brought with it several defeats. The leaders and members of the 1919 Revolution faced torture in prisons, while the leaders of the 1952 revolution built palaces with money from secret sources and sent hundreds of people to military prisons.
Cross-national research focused on corporative patterns of state-labor relations can be guided by the questions 'who does what, to whom, and how?' With reference to who, the actors launching corporative arrangements must be carefully identified. Regarding what and to whom, attention must focus on the specific institutional and policy initiatives undertaken and the sectors and/or organizations at which they are targeted. Concerning how, the specific mechanisms and procedures entailed in these institutions and policies must be explored. Answers to these questions point to two varieties of corporatism - identified with populist versus authoritarian regimes.
Corporatism in Perspective: An Introdutory Guide to Corporatist Theory London: Sage
- J Peter
- Williamson
Strong States, Weak States, and Third World Development
- Paul A Cammack
Ahali, 1993); Marsha Posusney, Labor and the State in Egypt: Workers, Unions, and Economic Restructurin
- Howeida Adly