Μαθησιακά Αντικείμενα: Χαρακτηρίζοντας τις Αυτόνομες Μονάδες Ψηφιακού Εκπαιδευτικού Υλικού στην εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση

Abstract

Η επιτυχία ενός προγράμματος εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης εξαρτάται σε σημαντικό βαθμό από το είδος και την ποιότητα του προσφερόμενου ψηφιακού εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Αν, ωστόσο, αναλογιστούμε τους ταχείς ρυθμούς με τους οποίους αυξάνεται ο όγκος του διατιθέμενου εκπαιδευτικού περιεχόμενου σήμερα, όπως και τις ποικίλες παραμέτρους που επηρεάζουν την επιτυχή διαχείριση και ανάκτησή του, μπορούμε να συμπεράνουμε πόσο ζωτικής σημασίας είναι η απόδοση ενός σωστού ορισμού για την έννοια του «μαθησιακού αντικείμενου», ως αυτόνομη μονάδα εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Κατά καιρούς έχουν αποδοθεί διάφοροι ορισμοί και ερμηνείες, έχουν αναφερθεί λεπτομέρειες για τη δομή και το περιεχόμενο του μαθησιακού αντικειμένου, για τη συσχέτισή του με την εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία γενικότερα. Εντούτοις, δεν έχει ακόμα υιοθετηθεί ένα ενιαίο πλαίσιο για το τι και πώς ακριβώς πρέπει να είναι ένα μαθησιακό αντικείμενο. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα παραπάνω, μέσα από αυτή την εργασία επιχειρείται να δοθεί ένας ικανοποιητικός χαρακτηρισμός του μαθησιακού αντικειμένου, τέτοιος ώστε να ανταποκρίνεται στη λειτουργία του ως αυτόνομη μονάδα ψηφιακού εκπαιδευτικού υλικού που τίθεται στις υπηρεσίες και στους στόχους της ηλεκτρονικής μάθησης.

Full text

Διεθνές Συνέδριο για την Ανοικτή & εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση
Τομ. 6, 2011
Μαθησιακά Αντικείμενα: Χαρακτηρίζοντας τις
Αυτόνομες Μονάδες Ψηφιακού Εκπαιδευτικού
Υλικού στην εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση
Νικολόπουλος Γιώργος Ελληνικό Ανοικτό
Πανεπιστήμιο
Πιερρακέας Χρήστος Ελληνικό Ανοικτό
Πανεπιστήμιο
Καμέας Αχιλλέας Ελληνικό Ανοικτό
Πανεπιστήμιο
10.12681/icodl.704
Copyright © 2011 Γιώργος Νικολόπουλος, Χρήστος
Πιερρακέας, Αχιλλέας Καμέας
To cite this article:
Νικολόπουλος, Πιερρακέας, & Καμέας (2011). Μαθησιακά Αντικείμενα: Χαρακτηρίζοντας τις Αυτόνομες Μονάδες
Ψηφιακού Εκπαιδευτικού Υλικού στην εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση. Διεθνές Συνέδριο για την Ανοικτή & εξ
Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση, 6, .
http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 29/06/2016 17:16:51 |

6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 88

 
Learning Objects: Characterizing the Self-contained Units of Educational
Material in Distance Learning






nikolopoulos@eap.gr






pierrakeas@eap.gr






kameas@eap.gr
Abstract
One of the main aspects of a successful distance learning course is to provide
educational material of high quality. But if we take into account the vast and
continually increasing amount of educational content, as well as the various factors
that may affect its successful management and retrieval, one can realize how crucial is
to firstly identify what the notion of  learning object   -contained unit of
educational material, exactly infers. Although many descriptions and characteristics
have been given about learning objects along times, there is no common agreement
about its exact definition and structure. For this reason, through this work we try to
identify components, its correlation with
the educational objectives and instructional design in general, in an attempt to make it
able to efficiently serve its scope within a distance learning environment.
Key-words: learning objects, distance learning

  
          
  

         

    ,    
         
         
         .
        

       
         
         

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 29/06/2016 17:16:51 |

6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 89
 : , 
1. 
       
 ,     
 
         
.
         
         
   (Baruque et
al, 2003).       ,   
      
   
  
            
        
          
 
           
          
       
    
 .
2.  
2.1  (Learning Objects)
          
 (e-learning) 
     
         
     
        
       
           
          
     
 
            
           
        
        
     
 :
 IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC): 
         
          

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6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 90
 David A.Wiley (2000): «     


 L Allier (1997):      
        
 
 Pithamber R. Polsani (2003):     



          
          
 
 , 
Pithamber R. Polsani (Pithamber, 2003):
         
         

  

       

         
         
 .
       
         
          

2.2  
         
         
.     Susan E. Metros (Metros, 2005) 
        
         (learning
objective)          
         Lori Mortimer
(Mortimer, 2002),         

       
.   
 Ann Gallenson et al (Gallenson et al, 2002)     
   .       
,
       
.
http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 29/06/2016 17:16:51 |

6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 91
  Macromedia MX
         
       
        
 
       
    ,
       
.
           
         
   
       
 
 
 
 
 
         
        
         ,
         
         
  
 
3.         

  
      
      
       
 ,        . 
http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 29/06/2016 17:16:51 |

6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 92
        
   
         

         


          
       
 
 (Bloom, 1956)
          

3.1  
    
   ,
         
         
       
(Learning Object     Information Object  
Content Object    
         
          
          

.
          
        
        . ,
  James L'Allier (L Allier, 1997),    
-  
    David Wiley (Wiley, 2000),   
  
.      
        
    ,      
,  
  .      
     
M : N).     
         
    
.
3.2   
         
  ( (aggregation level))
reusability)
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6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 93
             

          
   Lego       
    (Hodgins & Conner, 2000)  
      
        
 Content Model)       
SCORMCisco RIO/RLO, Learnativity
  IEEE LTSC LOM.   2     
     (Balatsoukas, P. et al, 2008).
        
 (Information Objects, Raw Data, Assets) 
    (RLOs, SCOs, lessons)    
         
(Lessons, Modules, Course).
 

        
 .   ,    
    
          
           
        (South
and Monson, 2001)     
           
        
         
 .
         
        . 
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6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 94
         
       ,  
          
           
.
3.3  
          

          
          
         
          
     
         
      
  
 
         
,  ..
3.4 
       metadata 
  
    ,  
.       
          
        

; 
    National Information Standards Organization
(NISO, 2004)       
          
   .    
(educational metadata)      
         
         . 
        
       
        
 .
       
   metadata standards)  
       
    
        IEEE Learning
Object Metadata   Dublin Core      
(application profile)     Erik Duval et al (Duval et al, 2002)
         
   
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6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 95
        
       Dublin Core  
IEEE Learning Object Metadata     
       
(digital repositories)     (learning management
systems).
 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI),     
       
      (DCMI, 2008).  
Dublin Core      simple   
(qualified). Dublin Core  
        
   Format    
 Dublin Core      
       (qualifiers 
, 
         Dublin Core 
         
        
       
IEEE Learning Object Metadata.
 IEEE Learning Object Metadata (LOM)      
  learning material    (learning
resources)  .  LOM      
         
      LOM  
        
         
  elements)       
(categories) 
    LOM       
     -  
    
         
 
4. 

        
        
        
         Java  
 .       ,
           
       
         
       
IEEE LOM, DCMI,
AICC LOM  
        
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6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 96
     .   


: if
: 
: 
: 
: 
: 
if, else
:
   
         

       
switch if-else
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6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 97
2
:       

: 


: 

:     

:
    
.
        
.
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6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 98
3
:  





Abstraction
:
 
       
       
        
     
      
        
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6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 99
         
  (information objects)       
          
         
   

5. 
   
        
,        
      

       
   learning path)      
         
         .
         
       
        .  
       -  
         
          
   .
6. 
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Content Aggregation. Educational Technology & Society (2008), 11(2) , pp. 119-130
Baruque, L. B., Porto, F., & Melo, R. N. (2003). Towards an Instructional Design Methodology Based
on Learning Objects. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers and
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goals: Handbook1, cognitive domain. New York, Toronto, Longmans, Green
Cisco Systems (2003). Reusable Learning Object Strategy: Designing and Developing Learning
Objects for Multiple Learning Approaches. White Paper, Cisco Systems, Inc., 2003. Retrieved
from http://www.e-novalia.com/materiales/RLOW__07_03.pdf
DCMI (2008). Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, version 1.1. DCMI Recommendation. Retrieved
from http://www.dublincore.org/documents/dces/
DCMI(2008b). DCMI Metadata Terms. DCMI Recommendation. Retrieved from
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/
Duval, Erik, Wayne Hodgins, Stuart Sutton, Stuart L. Weibel (2002). Metadata Principles and
Practicalities. D-Lib Magazine 8(4). Retrieved from
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Gallenson, A., Heins, J., & Heins, T. (2002). Macromedia MX: Creating Learning Objects.
Macromedia White Paper. Retrieved from http://coco.ccu.uniovi.es/e-
learning/learning_objects/ macromedia/mx_creating_lo.pdf
Hodgins, W., & Conner, M. (2000). Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Learning Standards
But Were Afraid to Ask. Learning in the New Economy e-Magazine (LiNE Zine), Fall 2000.
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IEEE (2002). 1484.12.12002, Standard for Learning Object Metadata. The Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc. Retrieved from
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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 29/06/2016 17:16:52 |

6th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning - November 2011, Loutraki, Greece - PROCEEDINGS
SECTION A: theoretical papers, original research and scientific articles 100
              tructure and Core
Beliefs. NETg. Retrieved, from
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