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"Tabloidization" or Dual-Convergence: Quoted Speech in Tabloid and "Quality" British Newspapers 1970 - 2010
Journalism Studies
Abstract
This article engages with recent debates on “tabloidization,” applying a corpus linguistic approach to examine diachronic shifts in the language and values of quoted speech in tabloid and “quality” newspapers. While “tabloidization” is often portrayed as a spreading of tabloid news values to “quality” publications, empirical data depict a process of dual-convergence whereby the quoted speech of each publication type adopts the language and values initially characteristic of the other. The significance of “tabloidization”—which has been identified as a key and emblematic component of recent debates on the changing nature of mass media—draws largely from the public-interest role of newspapers whereby the press have been viewed as agents with the power to inform and represent members of the shifting public sphere(s).
... Te ogólne charakterystyki wydaje się dobrze podsumowywać Julia Lefkowitz (2018Lefkowitz ( , 2021, przyjmująca personalizację oraz sensacyjność jako podstawę tabloidyzacji, z której wynikają rozwiązania stylistyczne i wybory językowe (Lefkowitz 2018: 354;2021: 36). Personalizacja jest przedstawianiem tematów z perspektywy jednostki bądź jednostek, nie systemu ekonomicznego, społecznego czy politycznego, a także często z uwzględnianiem w prezentowanych treściach aspektu emocjonalnego (Lefkowitz 2018: 354;2021: 36). ...
... ANNA BARAŃSKA-SZMITKO Julia Lefkowitz badała funkcjonowanie wybranych rozwiązań językowych jako przejawów wymienionych dwóch mechanizmów (Lefkowitz 2018(Lefkowitz , 2021 6 . Za pomocą metod językoznawstwa korpusowego sprawdzała takie aktualizacje personalizacji, jak użycie 1. i 2. os. ...
... ANNA BARAŃSKA-SZMITKO Budowaniu wrażenia dialogiczności służy też cytowanie wypowiedzi bohaterów historycznych (por. z mową niezależną w opracowaniach Julii Lefkowitz: 2018Lefkowitz: , 2021zob. też Zielińska 2016): ...
Although many studies have been carried out regarding the tabloidisation of opinion forming media, it has not yet been examined whether the tabloidisation process applies to popular scientific discourse on historical topics on YouTube and, if so, which
determinants of this process can be identified. This article pursues this objective by reviewing the content and style of the Historia bez Cenzury [History without Censorship] channel. The main analytical categories used were personalisation and sensationalism.
The analysis of the content made it possible to see to what extent personalisation and sensationalism are present within the subject matter of, Historia bez Cenzury [History without Censorship], while the analysis of the style identified the stylistic determinants of the two identified mechanisms of tabloidisation. The results allow us to conclude that, in terms of the subject matter, the potential for personalisation and sensationalism is exploited equally on the channel. In terms of stylistic solutions, personalisation is achieved by depicting the privacy of historical figures using lexis typical of this human sphere. In addition, politics is portrayed through the prism of human relationships, which is served by saturating the text with names, surnames, and names of professions or positions. Simplifications are also applied (narrative, colloquialisms, dialogicality in the youtuber-viewer relationship). Sensationalism is
mainly materialised at the level of content, whereas within the style, it is executed by means of an emotionally charged and highly evaluative lexis. Comparison of the determinants of tabloidisation with the characteristics of historical discourse on YouTube and with those of popular science discourse indicates mutual influences, evident at the level of content and style. The means specific to tabloidisation and atypical of the other discourses discussed emerge as the exposure of the privacy of historical figures and the dialogicality used in their description. The process of tabloidisation is thus evident in, Historia bez Cenzury [History without Censorship].
... Second, reporting on (e.g., 'he was angry/sad') or presenting emotions (e.g., showing crying people) is another central aspect of emotionalisation (Reinemann et al., 2012) and occurs on both the verbal level and the visual level. Although many studies have focused only on verbal indicators (Lefkowitz, 2018;Magin, 2019a), it is essential to consider visual indicators as well (e.g., see Leidenberger, 2015), particularly since visualisation is a key aspect of social media. Third, personal reporting means the appearance of the journalist's point of view; it is the opposite of objective reporting and a central feature of news softening (Reinemann et al., 2012). ...
... Despite fears that journalistic content on the Internet, and especially on social media, is becoming softer, only a few studies have investigated these concerns. Thus far, most research has focused on the spillover of tabloids' news values on so-called quality or elite newspapers (Esser, 1999;Lefkowitz, 2018;Magin, 2019a) or has compared public service with commercial media outlets (e.g., Donsbach & Büttner, 2005;Grabe, Zhou, & Barnett, 2001). Only a few analyses (e.g., Gran, 2015;Karlsson, 2016;Magin, Steiner, Häuptli, Stark, & Udris, in press) have explored online news softening. ...
... Thus, news softening can be a strategic journalistic decision with the aim of attracting more audience attention. In this respect, tabloids are generally assumed to apply this strategy to a stronger degree than quality and public service media (e.g., Donsbach & Büttner, 2005;Lefkowitz, 2018). However, the commercial pressure on the Internet is increasingly reducing these differences. ...
The current media environment is primarily characterised by a large amount of information and, in contrast, rather fragmented audience attention. This is especially true for social media, particularly Facebook, which have become important news sources for many people. Journalists cannot help but publish content on Facebook if they want to reach the part of their audience that mainly—or even only—consumes news there. On Facebook, journalists are at the mercy of the algorithm that determines the visibility of their content. Because user engagement is a crucial factor in the algorithm, concerns have been raised that journalists are abandoning their normative quality standards to make the news as attractive as possible to the audience—at the expense of media performance. A softened presentation of the news, particularly in Facebook posts, may help achieve this aim, but research on this subject is lacking. The present study analyses this practice of softening the news in four German media outlets’ ( BILD , FAZ , Der Spiegel , Tagesschau ) political Facebook posts. The results show that the overall level of news softening is low to medium. Furthermore, comparing them to website teasers reveals that news softening is only slightly higher on Facebook (mainly BILD and Der Spiegel ), and that there are no converging trends between quality or public service media and tabloid media. Exaggerated fears about news softening are therefore unnecessary. Continued analysis of news softening, as well as ongoing adaption of the concept according to dynamic developments, is nevertheless important.
... Este riesgo parece ser inminente en todo sentido, mientras la educomunicación no se encargue de inspirar reflexión crítica del consumo mediático y las maneras de pensar/actuar de vida en libertad y con sentido de valores humanos. En ello, como considera Lefkowitz (2018), se deben tomar en cuenta los criterios de tabloidización que a menudo se retratan como una difusión de los valores noticiosos sensacionalistas a publicaciones de calidad. ...
... Los datos empíricos de la citada investigación (Lefkowitz, 2018) muestran un proceso de doble convergencia mediante el cual, el discurso citado de cada tipo de publicación adopta el lenguaje y los valores inicialmente característicos del otro; porque en todo nivel mediático, corporativo o local permea la receta de la tabloidización, con características de globalidad, en todos los géneros, cuyos ingredientes son el popularismo, el sensacionalismo y la porosidad, como en el periodismo político que: ...
... A consecuencia de la acción popularizada de la tabloidización, incluso se puede poner en riesgo la vida de los ciudadanos cuando se utilizan términos médicos de manera equívoca y 2/ Entre estas técnicas se encuentra el fenómeno del clickbating o cebo de clics. Los datos empíricos de la citada investigación (Lefkowitz, 2018) muestran un proceso de doble convergencia mediante el cual, el discurso citado de cada tipo de publicación adopta el lenguaje y los valores inicialmente característicos del otro; porque en todo nivel mediático, corporativo o local permea la receta de la tabloidización, con características de globalidad, en todos los géneros, cuyos ingredientes son el popularismo, el sensacionalismo y la porosidad, como en el periodismo político que: ...
El presente artículo compila y analiza el estado de la cuestión sobre la tabloidización y la espectacularización de los medios, con especial énfasis en aquellos aportes teóricos, empíricos y epistemológicos sobre el impacto del ejercicio periodístico tabloidizado en la sociedad de consumo. Para ello se realizó una criba que partió de criterios, descriptores y palabras clave en las principales bases de datos internacionales (JCR y Scopus) utilizando los algoritmos booleanos AND/OR, de la cual emergieron 52 publicaciones en la colección principal de la Web of Science (Core Collection) y 72 en Scopus. Del resultado de la revisión crítica de la literatura se extrae que la formación de industrias mercantiles como mecanismo de ejercicio de poder corporativo y político, aunado con los erróneos hábitos de consumo informativo de las audiencias, promueven el infoentretenimiento, género que se basa en la información banalizada y el sensacionalismo como anzuelo para aumentar los rating de audiencias.
... A report from the British fact-checking organization Full Fact revealed that the ease of harmful misinformation spread was attributed to the public's limited understanding of scientific aspects related to viruses and vaccines. Research papers gained unusual media focus, and conveying intricate scientific ideas accessible to the public proved challenging, leading to inaccurate reporting in major UK newspapers (Full Fact, 2023), a landscape marked by tabloid culture (Lefkowitz, 2018). In Germany, the high association with health misinformation is linked to the "querdenken" movement, comprising disgruntled citizens, individuals from the far-right spectrum, conspiracy theorists, and those with esoteric beliefs, all exhibiting a general mistrust toward the government, media, and conventional medical practices (Heinke, 2022). ...
... Finally, falsehoods due to false connections (discrepancies between texts and headlines) and instances of bad journalism are less frequent but more prevalent in Portugal (sr = 0.2), Spain (sr = 0.4), and the United Kingdom (sr = 0.5). The strong association with the United Kingdom can be attributed to the prevalent tabloid culture in the country (Lefkowitz, 2018). In addition, the United Kingdom tops the ranking in misunderstood satires and parodies (sr = 5.5). ...
In a quantitative content analysis of 3,154 debunking articles from 23 fact-checking organizations, this study examines global misinformation trends and regional nuances across eight countries in Europe and Latin America (UK, DE, PT, SP, AR, BR, CL, and VZ). It strives to elucidate commonalities and differences based on political and media system indicators. Notably, countries with a substantial online presence of far-right parties avoid disclosing (fake) ordinary accounts to evade engaging in inauthentic coordinated actions. While entirely fabricated stories are infrequent, they stand out in Brazil and Spain, the two countries with higher political polarization. Despite variations, aggregated forms of fabrication (invented, manipulated, imposter, or decontextualized content) are more prominent in Latin America due to high social media use for news and low reliance on public media. Conversely, in Europe, countries are more impacted by misleading (cherry-picked, exaggerated, and twisted) information.
... Quality media is structurally more closely connected to the state (Esser et al., 2016), such as public broadcasting and national or local newspapers in which hard news reports about politics, public administration, or the economy dominate. With regard to journalistic standards, quality media have traditionally been perceived to be more information-oriented (Lefkowitz, 2016), enabling citizens' meaningful participation in democratic societies. Moreover, quality media follows a more serious reporting approach, attempting to illuminate complex subjects and represent issues and events from a broader perspective (Jandura & Friedrich, 2014). ...
The increase in citizens of Islamic faith in Austria led retailers to offer more halal products and services, which also attracted media attention. The media coverage of halal topics can facilitate discourse on core democratic ideals. However, media coverage often associates halal with negative aspects, such as animal cruelty. Disseminating sensitive content regarding halal may enhance the perception that Islamic religious values are incompatible with democratic values. This study aimed to assess the coverage on halal in Austrian media. A natural language processing (NLP) framework was developed to investigate the different tone and contexts in the coverage on halal from 2013 to 2020 in quality and tabloid media. The NLP framework includes sentiment analysis and content classification at the article level. A total of 267 news articles were analyzed. The findings reveal that coverage on halal in Austrian media is predominantly neutral and balanced. While sentiment in quality media is significantly more neutral and balanced, tabloids often express more negative sentiment. Moreover, quality media tended to focus on topics related to religion, society, and finance, while tabloids associated halal with political narratives and controversial topics.
... Second, the widely criticized "tabloidization" of the press [e.g. 86] is not reflected in a ...
Assessing whether texts are positive or negative—sentiment analysis—has wide-ranging applications across many disciplines. Automated approaches make it possible to code near unlimited quantities of texts rapidly, replicably, and with high accuracy. Compared to machine learning and large language model (LLM) approaches, lexicon-based methods may sacrifice some in performance, but in exchange they provide generalizability and domain independence, while crucially offering the possibility of identifying gradations in sentiment. We demonstrate the strong performance of lexica using MultiLexScaled, an approach which averages valences across a number of widely-used general-purpose lexica. We validate it against benchmark datasets from a range of different domains, comparing performance against machine learning and LLM alternatives. In addition, we illustrate the value of identifying fine-grained sentiment levels by showing, in an analysis of pre- and post-9/11 British press coverage of Muslims, that binarized valence metrics give rise to different (and erroneous) conclusions about the nature of the post-9/11 shock as well as about differences between broadsheet and tabloid coverage. The code to apply MultiLexScaled is available online.
... The expression 'quality newspapers' describe news media outlets that have historically been seen as placing importance on hard news (especially on politics and economy) and on a reliable 'informationfocused' approach(LEFKOWITZ, 2018). ...
A growing body of literature suggests that the platformization of the public sphere is eroding the public debate, thus potentially leading to the fragmentation of the public sphere. While there exists mounting evidences supporting this perspective there also exists a substantial body of literature that suggests otherwise. Within this realm of mixed evidence, studies on climate change visibility play a prominent role, presenting findings that both weaken and reinforce the fragmentation hypothesis. To investigate this matter in a context conducive for a fragmented public sphere, we collected a longitudinal (2014-2022) and cross-platform (Instagram, Facebook and Twitter) dataset (n=794.281) and correlated it with a secondary database on the press coverage of climate change in Brazil (n=3.490). Our analysis reveals a robust positive correlation between these datasets, indicating that the Brazilian public sphere retains the capacity to interconnect various arenas of visibility. We argue that this finding is particularly significant, given that it emanates from a case characterized by circumstances favoring a high degree of public sphere fragmentation. Consequently, our discovery lends support to a less pessimistic assessment of the influence of platformization on political communication within the deliberative system.
... The semantic function that focuses on providing news summaries (Althaus et al. 2001;Bell 1991; Molek-Kozakowska 2013) based on 5W1H -Who, When, Where, What, Why, and How (Bell 1991;Kessler & McDonald 2008). In contrast, the pragmatic function that is designed to attract the reader's attention commonly makes news appear interesting by employing linguistic devices that stimulate the reader (Molek-Kozakowska 2013), and metaphors are one of the devices employed in headlines to do this (Bednarek & Caple 2012;Lefkowitz 2018;Lindemann 1990;Molek-Kozakowska 2013). This pragmatic function of headlines seems reinforced in Korean newspapers. ...
This paper explores the semantic features of Korean ideophones in newspaper headlines. This paper argues that (i) there is a strong relationship between the language-specific sound symbolic meanings – dark and light vowel polarity and the meanings of ideophones in newspaper headlines and event descriptions; (ii) ideophones are much more common in articles about the financial issues; (iii) ideophones which exhibit vowel alternation go through different semantic extension routes to those of other ideophones. The findings of the paper suggest that Korean ideophones have been lexically highly conventionalized and integrated into the language system.
... Soft news deal with lifestyle and entertainment, for example, and are shared more often than hard news, such as politics and economics [18]. Tabloidization is understood as "the convergence of 'quality' newspapers towards the values characteristic of tabloid newspapers, which can be identified as personalization and sensationalism, and the linguistic features through which these values are represented" [50]. Summarizing, online news now mimics successful platforms that use clickbait and similar methods to lure users to their websites. ...
Clickbait to make people click on a linked article is commonly used on social media. We analyze the impact of clickbait on user interaction on Facebook in the form of liking, sharing and commenting. For this, we use a data set of more than 4,400 Facebook posts from 10 different news sources to analyze how clickbait in post headlines and in post text influences user engagement. The results of our study revealed that certain features (e.g., unusual punctuation and common clickbait phrases) increase user interaction, whereas others decrease engagement with Facebook posts. We further use our results to discuss the potential role of digital nudging in the context of clickbait. Our results contribute to understanding and making use of the effect of different framings in social media.
... In some case this strive to lure in the common man leads to misinformation and exaggerations. In the era of online media, we see a certain convergence (Lefkowitz, 2016) of values were one website can offer serious content mixed with infotainment and tabloid stories. (Otto, Glogger, Boukes, 2017;Baum, 2002) Researching online media ...
... However, empirical studies verifying these assumptions are so far scarce (for an exception see Lischka and Werning [2017]). This chapter conditions (Lefkowitz 2018). Thus, all newspaper types and outlets can and will show tabloid-like characteristics to a certain degree. ...
... Each contribution from the printed version of the mentioned periodicals related to twenty Latin American states 3 was extracted, totalling a fteen years corpus composed by articles published between January 2000 and December 2014. In the rst stage, 2 In general, one describes tabloidisation as the extension of tabloid news values to the quality publications (LEFKOWITZ, 2018). Studies associate this tendency for instance with an increasingly apolitical, personalised and human-interest or soft-news oriented stories (GRAN, 2015; MAIER, RUHRMANN & STENGEL, 2009) 3 Latin America is foremost a politically and culturally de ned terminology, which describe the Latin languagespeaking states of South America, Central America and Mexico, in opposition to the Anglo-America. ...
This study aims at analysing the main developments in foreign reporting of Latin America by the German press. The paper provides a content analysis of 3.831 articles published in quality German publications (SZ, FAZ, Der Spiegel, and taz) between 2000 and 2014. The most common news factors related to the continent are found to be “magnitude,” “power status,” “economic proximity”, and “personification.” Additionally, we identified a decrease in hard news over the years (6 pp within Politics and 8 pp amidst Economy). Despite depoliticisation, a tendency towards tabloidisation was not confirmed since factors such as personification
and crisis remained constant.
... , it is the nations and the political structures that, based on our keyword analysis, seem to dominate the debate in the right-wing press. Additionally, I stands out as top 3 keyword as quoted speech is a trademark of tabloids according to Lefkowitz (2018). In the corpus, I represents different speakers, columnists as well as politicians, among whom we find Mr Hofer. ...
The UK voted to leave the EU on 23rd June 2016. A few months later, Alezander Van der Bellen won the Austrian presidential election and defeated the right-wing Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) candidate Norbert Hofer on 4th December. This study seeks to contribute to our understanding of how populist discourse in the UK right-wing tabloids used Austrian politics during 2016. Using a combination of corpus linguistics methods (keyword analysis, word sketches, collocational analysis), our results show that the use of Norbert Hofer, Austrian politics as well as the Italian constitutional referendum sought to legitimize a populist vertical discourse against the elites, personified in the EU, and the foreigners and the immigrants (Abts and Rummens, 2007). Methodologically, it is argued that the combination of different corpus linguistics methods provide researchers with a robust form of inquiry into the rhetoric of populist discourse that tries to hide its hatred of migrants and the EU elites.
Travel journalism is often characterised in terms of the highly commercialised nature of its content. As McGaurr (2010) has found this perception does not take account of instances when the genre
News recipients evaluate the quality of journalistic news articles based on the article’s journalistic quality and its media brand. We argue that differentiating a news media’s brand identity from recipients’ cognitive associations with the brand offers a valuable perspective to understand quality evaluations in a more detailed way. We, therefore, specify the effect of media brands on the quality evaluation by including consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) as a mediator and investigate this mediation effect for five quality dimensions and a global quality measure. Based on a two (high vs low quality) x three (quality brand vs tabloid brand vs control group) between-subject experiment with 469 German respondents, we conducted structural equation modeling to investigate the direct effects of media brands on recipients’ quality assessment of news articles and the mediating effect via CBBE. We found mediation effects of the media brand via CBBE on all quality dimensions and the global measure. In addition, two direct media brand effects with opposite effect directions than expected could be identified. All results are discussed concerning further theory development and practical implications.
In the context of methodological discussions surrounding the “interdisciplinary turn” and “computational turn” of communication studies and media and journalism studies in particular, this paper raises awareness for corpus linguistics as a specific form of computer-assisted textual analysis with the potential to contribute to these developments. To date, corpus-based approaches have been embraced in media linguistics but have been underestimated in journalism and media studies. This paper argues that such neglect, especially when compared to other computational approaches towards textual analysis, is unwarranted. It examines relevant work from the areas of media linguistics and media and journalism studies and provides practical examples of how linguistic corpora and tools can inform pertinent research. Eventually, corpus-linguistic approaches are posited as an efficient technique for content analysis. They represent a potentially valuable addition to the (digital) methodological toolbox of media and journalism scholars as a useful “middle-ground” empirical approach that does not require extensive computational skills but allows conducting theory-driven work while maintaining control over the data and research procedures. Additionally, they facilitate the integration of quantitative and qualitative perspectives and open avenues for meaningful triangulation with other methods.
Democratization is often invoked as an explanatory factor for diachronic linguistic developments. We believe that at the root of democratization often lies the pragmatic negotiation of power relations, whereby a more democratic use of language can reduce the distance between addresser and addressee. This article examines the evolution of power relations in the New York Times editorials from 1860 to 1979 as represented in COHA. After a quantitative analysis of the evolution of three pragmatic variables that index democratization, the study offers a qualitative analysis with the aim of anchoring them to the situational context of newspaper editorials, especially regarding the power relations negotiated in this register over time. This paper also examines the impact of socio-historical events on the evolution of power relations and shows that they are intimately linked.
Der Begriff „Boulevardisierung“ beschreibt die Übernahme von Merkmalen des Boulevardjournalismus durch andere Mediengattungen aufgrund von Kommerzialisierungsdruck. In der kontroversen Debatte um diesen langfristigen Konvergenzprozess spielen normative Vorstellungen über die demokratische Funktion des Journalismus eine große Rolle. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Ursachen und Folgen von Boulevardisierung sowie den aktuellen Forschungsstand in diesem Feld. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Rolle des Internet und speziell sozialer Medien als Triebkräfte zunehmender Boulevardisierung.
The content analysis of reporting styles enables a rough characterization of the journalistic content with regard to the news format (news stories, commentaries, feature journalism, interviews) as well as an evaluation of the journalistic style in terms of content and language. This latter question of how content is presented encompasses many research traditions and refers, for example, to the objectivity norm, horse race coverage, storytelling or news softening. The present chapter provides a brief overview of news formats and content-related or stylistic journalistic reporting styles and discusses possible further research questions and designs as well as the contribution of automated content analysis in this field.
Der Begriff „Boulevardisierung“ beschreibt die Übernahme von Merkmalen des Boulevardjournalismus durch andere Mediengattungen aufgrund von Kommerzialisierungsdruck. In der kontroversen Debatte um diesen langfristigen Konvergenzprozess spielen normative Vorstellungen über die demokratische Funktion des Journalismus eine große Rolle. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Ursachen und Folgen von Boulevardisierung sowie den aktuellen Forschungsstand in diesem Feld. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Rolle des Internet und speziell sozialer Medien als Triebkräfte zunehmender Boulevardisierung.
Utilizing the 2014 Israeli-Palestinian failed peace negotiations, this study examines the relationship between blame agency, the national identity of a newspaper, and the type of newspaper. To do so, we collected all news and opinion pieces from six newspapers representing broadsheet and tabloid newspapers from Israel, Palestine, and the United States one week before the official failure of the negotiations and three weeks following this date (N = 281). The results illustrated that the stronger party’s media (Israel) tend to portray Israeli actors casting blame on Palestinians, with some capacity for self-criticism, while the weaker party’ media (Palestine) report on both Palestinian actors and Israeli actors blaming Israel, revealing a unique pattern of the weaker actor in asymmetric conflict portraying the stronger party as engaging in self-blame. In addition, the study found that tabloids extensively blame the adversary while broadsheets spread blame more evenly. The mediator’s media was found to adopt blame frames from the side with which it shares cultural proximity. We conclude by discussing the implications of such findings on journalism studies in asymmetric conflict situations.
Bu makale, tipografik düzenin gazetelerin güvenilirlik algısına etkisine dair bulgular sunmaktadır. Araştırma, İngilizce ve Türkçe bir dizi seçili gazetenin karşılaştırmalı analizine dayalıdır. Ana amaç, makro-tipografik tasarım unsurlarının gazetelere ilişkin güvenilirlik algısı üzerindeki etkisini anlamak ve böylece, salt bir iletişim aracı/formu olarak (medium) gazetenin mesajı (anlam) üzerindeki etkisine dair bilgi edinmektir. Analiz iki bölüme ayrılmaktadır. Birinci bölümde seçili gazeteler temel tasarım ilkeleri üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise bir grup katılımcının seçili gazetelerin basılı ve çevrimiçi edisyonlarının kapak (indeks) sayfalarını güvenilirlik ve tanınırlık açısından değerlendirmeleri istenmiştir. Genel bir sonuç olarak, bulgular tipografik tasarım ile gazetelere ilişkin güvenilirlik ya da ciddiyet algısı arasında kuvvetli bir bağ olduğu yönündeki düşünceyi desteklemektedir. Ancak bu bağ, gazetenin kimliği içerik üzerinden anlaşılamaz ise, daha güçlü ve belirgin hale gelmektedir. İngilizce gazeteler içerikleriyle daha uyumlu bir görsel kimlik oluşturmakta ve bunu çevrimiçi edisyonlarına aktarmakta daha başarılıyken Türkçe gazeteler ise “gayri-ciddi” gazetelere yakın bir görsel düzende anonimleşmektedir.
This study examined whether the headlines of newspapers in South Korea and the New York Times differed in terms of the semantic function – that is, summarizing news stories and the pragmatic function – that is, attracting readers’ attention. The New York Times is regarded as one of the news organizations that practices quality journalism, yet it also faces the pressure of market-driven journalism that focuses more on financial interests than the public interest. News organizations, popular as well as quality newspapers, have become unprecedentedly competitive in the new media context, pressured to increase audience attention, possibly influencing quality papers to emphasize the pragmatic function of attracting audiences by employing more sensational headlines. A content analysis of 749 news articles, which compared 10 newspapers in South Korea with the New York Times in the United States, showed that newspapers in South Korea more frequently employed headlines that highlighted the pragmatic function. Specifically, this study operationalized the semantic function to include headlines with factual information – that is, Who, When, Where, What, Why, and How – while the pragmatic function measured the extent to which headlines included four attracting devices – metaphors, adverbs, direct quotations, and questions. Findings of this study showed that only 4.9 percent of the headlines included more than four items of factual information among the Who, When, Where, What, Why, and How, whereas 74.9 percent of the headlines included more than one attracting device. Compared to the New York Times, the Korean newspapers were more likely to employ adverbs and direct quotations.
Travel journalism has been profoundly affected by developments in social media technology and the rise of user generated content. Yet, in comparison with news and political reporting, it has received limited academic attention. Online travel content is vast and is gaining significant readership figures; this chapter examines the modalities typical of this content and considers the ways in which it is changing the nature of traditional, professional travel journalism. Drawing on Bourdieu’s notion of ‘distinction’ (1984), this chapter explores how the authority and expertise of the professional travel journalist now competes with the more organic, less economically driven displays of ‘symbolic mastery’ in travel blogs. A form of multimodal critical discourse analysis was used to study 50 British broadsheet newspaper articles from 2014–2016 and compared with a survey of the top 50 travel blogs of 2016. This chapter finds that traditional travel journalism is characterized by the imparting of knowledge of destinations’ ‘terroir’ (what to do, what to see), whereas the user generated content of travel blogs is typified by more personal, experientially driven content. It notes the emergence of ‘hybrid’ forms of travel content that span the ‘amateur’/‘professional’ divide and argues that this is suggestive of the power of travel journalism’s increasingly active, consumer/producer audience.
This paper addresses journalistic coverage of Australian politician Barnaby Joyce’s extramarital relationship with his one time employee, Vikki Campion. The paper suggests that it is productive to examine this coverage as constituting a media sex scandal. Media sex scandals are useful in terms of what they suggest about the gender politics of the society in which they unfold. The Joyce-Campion scandal is revealing because it suggests how the single woman who is involved in a relationship a married man continues to be demonized in a way that the man is not. This, in turn, demonstrates how marriage or rather, a particular, (hetero)sexist model of marriage continues to have a degree of social currency.
Participation of Adam “Nergal” Darski, the leader of the death metal band Behemoth, in the television talent–show The Voice of Poland in autumn 2011 caused a media storm and fierce public debate in Poland . This story has focused as in a lens Polish social, political and religious life. Here heavy metal intersects with the popular media and culture, controversial stage image with court trials, Nergal’s fight against leukemia with advertising, Satanism and its symbols with Christianity, political struggle during the parlia-mentary election campaign with religious life, freedom of speech and artistic expression with religious freedom.
This paper aims to answer two fundamental questions about those events: (1) How various discourses involved influenced each other?; (2) Which communication mechanisms have been used? Methodologically I use the Critical Discourse Analysis approach of Norman Fairclough (2003, 2005) and the case study method (Gerring, 2007; Stacks, 2005, 2011) to identify three intertwining and interacting processes of communication: (1) Nergal’s shockvertising/publicity in the death metal niche; (2) Nergal’s shockvertising/publicity in TVP when promoting The Voice of Poland to mass audience; (3) political and religious scandalization performed by specific activists (various political, church and religious organizations, bishops etc.)
Newspapers constantly refer to people, and they employ a large variety of linguistic means to do so, such as the first names, surnames, titles, or public roles of the people concerned, and various combinations of these elements. They also use descriptive labels and pronouns. Expressions which refer to news actors can be traced along two dimensions. The first dimension concerns the development from the headline through the introductory paragraphs to the later paragraphs of an article. At its first occurrence, such an expression must necessarily be exophoric, that is, it must refer to the intended real-world referent directly. When mentioned again, the expression has both exophoric and endophoric reference, a factor which influences the journalist's choice of linguistic means. The journalist's choice is also governed by stylistic considerations. This becomes clear if different newspapers are compared. Writers for downmarket papers such as The Sun employ strategies that are different to those found in mid-market papers such as The Daily Mail and even more different to those in up-market papers such as The Independent
To what extent can we disassociate the technology and economics of newspapers from their political and cultural functions? Many of the latter functions have survived previous eras of technological change, often with a heightened promise of a more democratic engagement with readers and a subsequent amelioration of civic communication. Toolan (1998) has provocatively suggested that, in their narrative conventions, newspapers often literally do not know what they are writing about. This has partly been because of the time constraints on the production of news and the narrative conventions which this economy imposes upon them. Yet this clearly has not prevented newspapers from having a very strong sense of longer narratives and ideological identities, in combination with an ability to tailor these to a highly conventional notion of audience. What happens when newspapers are freed from this diurnal duty, as is increasingly the case in the contemporary world of newspapers, when more and more breaking news is dealt with by “quicker” media? Does this provide newspapers in whatever new formats with the opportunity to reconfigure themselves as spaces more accessible to traditions of communication and civic engagement; ones which draw upon a more discursive space of commentary and opinion on the contemporary rather than being limited to the provision of daily news? This paper sketches an analysis of how the shift of newspapers from news to commentary and identity politics which is already occurring may be informed by previous paradigms of periodical news production. It explores certain aspects of the newspaper's function over time in order to consider what it has to offer in whatever reconfigured technological future.
The aim of this study is twofold: one, to determine the presence and function of scientific knowledge when it is required by such cases as `mad cow' disease, when the crisis breaks in the press; and two, to explore the role of scientific information through the analysis of quoted speech used by journalists in their discourse. Citation is the most explicit form of inclusion of other-discourse (D2) in one's-discourse (D1). Within the framework of the theory of énonciation (Ducrot's poliphony perspective), in combination with a critical view of discourse, we analyse the following: (1) the identity of agents of reference chosen by journalists; (2) the specific linguistic choices made in the pre-citation segment where the agents are introduced, that is, identification of discourse procedures and use of specific verbs of communication. The study shows the proportion of scientific and non-scientific voices, the different ways of representing science agents in the process of news communication as well as the use of citation by journal writers not just to confer authority and legitimation to their discourse but to set the scene of the conflict. The scientific role is not presented as a decisive social role capable on its own of reassuring public alarm and journalists fail to secure appropriate credibility for the scientific community.
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/23424
The newspapermen studied believe they may mitigate such continual pressures as deadlines, possible libel suits, and anticipated reprimands of superiors by being able to claim that their work is "objective." This article examines three factors which help a newsman to define an "objective fact": form, content, and interorganizational relationships. It shows that in discussing content and interorganizational relationships, the newsman can only invoke his news judgment; however, he can claim objectivity by citing procedures he has followed which exemplify the formal attributes of a news history or a newspaper. For instance, the newsman can suggest that he quoted other people instead of offering his own opinions. The article suggests that "objectivity" may be seen as a strategic ritual protecting newspapermen from the risks of their trade. It asks whether other professions might not also use the term "objectivity" in the same way.
This study compares election news coverage in two different countries – Sweden and the United States, focusing on the use of the strategic game frame and the conflict frame and the association between these two frames and different types of news sources. The content analysis includes early evening newscasts from CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News and ABC World News in the USA and Rapport, Aktuellt and TV4 Nyheterna in Sweden. The findings show that the strategic game frame is used more frequently in the US coverage and is correlated with the use of media analysts and campaign operatives in both countries. Ordinary citizens as sources contribute to issue framing while domestic political actors tend to be associated with conflict framing. Differences in media framing between public and private media are also identified and discussed in the context of national political and media systems.
Stories from two elite and four non-elite newspapers were content analyzed for the use of sources and frames over a three-year period during and after the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. The study used frames previously applied in studies conducted on elite publications. Results indicate that the use of frames and the inclusion of international, national, and local sources differed significantly; however, the inclusion of military sources was nearly balanced in elite and non-elite newspapers.
This paper is a follow-up study to previous investigations based on the analysis of parallel British and American corpora from the early 1960s and 1990s. It focuses on variables that are suspected to contribute to the growing "colloquicdisation " of the norms of written English, that is, a narrowing of the gap between spoken and written norms. Such a shift in stylistic preferences has been observed in both socio-cultural approaches to language and corpus-based studies. Contrasting material from the press and academic prose sections of standard one-million-word corpora, we are able to show that the two genres differ in the degree to which they are open to innovations or prone to retain conservative features. What we are proposing is a cline of openness to innovation ranging from "agile " to "uptight" genres.
The journalist usually introduces the voices of different people—sources, witnesses, and protagonists—into the writing of the news. This makes studying how oral discourse is translated into writing, along with the consequent ethical implications that this implies, a very interesting field within journalism. This article, limited to Spain, shows that while newspaper stylebooks and news-writing manuals require that direct quotes be textual transcriptions of the words of the person quoted, research conducted by Spanish scholars whose background is in linguistics shows that direct quotes in print media sometimes change with respect to the actual words used by the quoted speaker. This creates two problems: first, the risk that some readers may interpret erroneously the direct quotes in the news, as literal transcriptions of the words said, when that is not always the case. Second, that news-writing textbooks do not train journalists for the use of others' voices in the news they report.
Building on a survey of media institutions in eighteen West European and North American democracies, Hallin and Mancini identify the principal dimensions of variation in media systems and the political variables which have shaped their evolution. They go on to identify three major models of media system development (the Polarized Pluralist, Democratic Corporatist and Liberal models) to explain why the media have played a different role in politics in each of these systems, and to explore the forces of change that are currently transforming them. It provides a key theoretical statement about the relation between media and political systems, a key statement about the methodology of comparative analysis in political communication and a clear overview of the variety of media institutions that have developed in the West, understood within their political and historical context.
A lively hands-on introduction to the use of electronic corpora in the description and analysis of English. This book provides an ideal introduction for university students of English at the intermediate level. Students planning papers, dissertations or theses will find the book a particularly valuable guide. After introducing corpora and the rationale and basic methodology of corpus linguistics, the author presents a number of case studies providing new insights into vocabulary, collocations, phraseology, metaphor and metonymy, syntactic structures, male and female language, and language change. In a final chapter it is shown how the web can be used as a source for linguistic investigations. Each chapter has study questions, exercises and suggestions for further reading. Students will benefit from the book's. • Clear language and structure • Well-defined terminology • Step-by-step instructions • Generous, up-to-date exemplification from different varieties of English around the world • Accompanying web-page with exercises and updated information about freely accessible corpora.
This book focuses on aspects of variation and change in language use in spoken and written discourse on the basis of corpus analyses, providing new descriptive insights, and new methods of utilising small specialized corpora for the description of language variation and change. The sixteen contributions included in this volume represent a variety of diverse views and approaches, but all share the common goal of throwing light on a crucial dimension of discourse: the dialogic interactivity between the spoken and written. Their foci range from papers addressing general issues related to corpus analysis of spoken dialogue to papers focusing on specific cases employing a variety of analytical tools, including qualitative and quantitative analysis of small and large corpora. The present volume constitutes a highly valuable tool for applied linguists and discourse analysts as well as for students, instructors and language teachers.
This chapter traces the history of academic study of the relationship between politics and popular culture. This history has a variety of sources. These include Plato’s warnings about the ill effects of music to their more modern equivalent in the work of the Frankfurt School. It also traces the counter tradition that derives from the work of FR Leavis, Raymond Williams and Richard Hoggart, and which – under the influence of Stuart Hall – issues in the subcultural approach. It brings this history up-to-date by way of the different approaches associated with Lawrence Grossberg, Robert Putnam and Liesbet van Zoonen and with social movement theory more generally.
Traditional news values no longer hold: infotainment has the day. Journalism is in a terminal state of decline. Or so some contemporary commentators would argue. Although there has been a great diversity in format and ownership over time, Conboy demonstrates the surprising continuity of concerns in the history of journalism. Questions of political influence, the impact of advertising, the sensationalisation of news coverage, the 'dumbing down' of the press, the economic motives of newspaper owners - these are themes that emerge repeatedly over time and again today. In this book, Martin Conboy provides a history of the development of newspapers, periodicals and broadcast journalism which· enables readers to engage critically with contemporary issues within the news media· outlines the connections, as well as the distinctions, across historical periods · spans the introduction of printed news to the arrival of the 'new' news media· demonstrates how journalism has always been informed by a cultural practices broader and more dynamic than the simple provision of newsBy situating journalism in its historical context, this book enables students to more fully understand the wide range of practices which constitute contemporary journalism. As such it will be an essential text for students of journalism and the media.
Traditional news values no longer hold: infotainment has the day. Journalism is in a terminal state of decline. Or so some contemporary commentators would argue. Although there has been a great diversity in format and ownership over time, Conboy demonstrates the surprising continuity of concerns in the history of journalism. Questions of political influence, the impact of advertising, the sensationalisation of news coverage, the 'dumbing down' of the press, the economic motives of newspaper owners - these are themes that emerge repeatedly over time and again today. In this book, Martin Conboy provides a history of the development of newspapers, periodicals and broadcast journalism which· enables readers to engage critically with contemporary issues within the news media· outlines the connections, as well as the distinctions, across historical periods · spans the introduction of printed news to the arrival of the 'new' news media· demonstrates how journalism has always been informed by a cultural practices broader and more dynamic than the simple provision of newsBy situating journalism in its historical context, this book enables students to more fully understand the wide range of practices which constitute contemporary journalism. As such it will be an essential text for students of journalism and the media.
Tabloidization of news and its potential threat to democracy is a recurring issue in debates among scholars and journalists. Most research focuses on measuring either content or the effects of tabloid-style content and often leaves the antecedents of the content as a 'black box'. This study compares tabloid journalists to other journalists based on a survey of Danish journalists (N = 1550). It shows that tabloid journalists in many regards hold professional values that differ from the values of other journalists and that they experience different pressures from the organization in which they work. In their journalistic style tabloid journalists emphasize personalization and sensationalist news values more and relevance news values less than other journalists. Finally, tabloid-style journalism is to some extent driven by profit orientation in journalists as well as in their organizations. However, the study also shows that journalists' adherence to the role as public mobilizer is positively related to personalization, which implies that tabloidization might carry benefits and not only threats to democracy.
This article investigates the use of personalisation in British current affairs programming. Arguing that criticism of personalisation in television journalism has tended to take its cue from problems with the human interest story in the popular press, it proposes that finer discrimination is required to evaluate degrees of compatibility between modes of personalisation and the knowledge-forming objectives of current affairs journalism. Querying assumptions that knowledge formation inevitably necessitates abstraction, universality, and avoidance of the personal, it explores instead how the personal can be variously deployed in ways that enable as well as impede logical analysis. Examples from programmes are provided to demonstrate both the drawbacks and the potential advantages of specific forms of integrating personalisation. Through a discussion of testimony, the use of case studies, and a human interest approach to investigative journalism, evidence is provided that personalisation can, under particular circumstances, be successfully allied with breadth of exploration of the issues, openness of perspective, and attention to the politically provocative aspects of the personal.
Reporting statements from news sources is an essential part of news reports. Such statements are often transformed into narrative reports and indirect quotes, but they can also take the form of direct speech quotes. Direct quotes have always been used in news writing with a variety of different functions, such as providing colour to a news report and distancing the journalist from what is said. However, in recent data from online news sites these functions show some differences compared to earlier data from print newspapers. The aim of this study is to investigate these shifts and to explore the extent to which they depend on the new technological setting online. Looking at data from the Times Online from 2010 and comparing it to data from the printed Times from 1985 and 2010, I identify two main shifts in the function of quotes. On the one hand, the integration of source material from which the quotes are taken reinforces one of the functions, namely presenting reportable facts. On the other hand, the function of expressing personal experience and emotion is much more prominent than in the print data from 1985. I argue that the first of these shifts is directly related to the different settings of print and online news, whereas the second shift has to be seen in the context of a more general trend towards more personalised news reporting.
'Tabloidization' is a new, frequently used term equally employed by journalists, media critics and academics to characterize a recent, dubious trend in the mass media. This article sets out to define this diffuse, multidimensional concept and discusses its usefulness for communication research. It emerges that 'tabloidization' can only be analysed adequately with a long-term cross-national design that focuses on quality news media and employs a wide range of empirical measures. This approach is taken here by comparing the press of Britain, Germany and the US, whereas the focus remains on the first two countries. A three-seep empirical analysis based on a definition developed before - demonstrates that journalistic values, media cultures as well as economic and legal conditions are responsible for the degree of 'tabloidization' in a given country.
The present study uses a multidimensional approach to trace the historical evolution of written genres of English. We briefly present a model of stylistic variation developed in our previous work, focusing on three empirically defined dimensions of linguistic variation that are associated with differences among 'literate' and 'oral' varieties: 'Informational versus Involved Production'; 'Elaborated versus Situation-Dependent Reference'; and 'Abstract versus Nonabstract Style'. We then show how fiction, essays, and letters have evolved over the last four centuries with respect to these dimensions. Although they have evolved at different rates and to different extents, we show that all three genres have undergone a general pattern of 'drift' towards more oral styles-more involved, less elaborated, and less abstract. We discuss several possible functional and attitudinal influences on the observed patterns of drift; these include the rise of popular literacy and mass schooling, the demands of scientific and expository purposes, and conscious aesthetic preferences. In so doing, we extend Sapir's notion of drift to include the evolution of genres and the influence of nonstructural underlying motivations.
It seems to be a truism that today’s news media present the news in a more personal and direct way than print newspapers some twenty-five years ago. However, it is far from obvious, how this can be described linguistically. This study develops a model that integrates and differentiates between the various facets of personalisation from a linguistic point of view. It includes 1) contexts that involve the audience by inviting direct interaction and through the use of visual elements; 2) the focus on private individuals who are personally affected by news events; and 3) the use of communicative immediacy, for instance in the form of direct speech and first and second person pronouns. This model is applied to data from five British online news sites, demonstrating how individual features contribute to personalisation, how different features interact, and what personalisation strategies are used by news sites of different market orientations.
In times of growing commercialisation and digitisation, it is often assumed that traditional mass media react to growing economic pressures by providing more entertaining, more trivial and oversimplified content. This supposed development—also known as tabloidisation—seems to be caused by media structures, particularly the competitive pressures of tabloid newspapers and commercial television. However, to date only very few studies have explored systematically how coverage (micro level) is shaped by media structures (macro level) and the strategies of the media companies (meso level). The present study investigates, based on the industrial economic Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model, whether the degree of tabloidisation (performance) of German and Austrian national market-leading quality papers and tabloids can be explained by market structures and individual newspapers' self-images (conduct). A theoretical model of tabloidisation by Reinemann et al. is empirically tested for the first time, resulting in a categorisation of four dimensions of tabloidisation: topic, focus, visual style and verbal style. Altogether, the study shows a rather weak influence both of structure and conduct, explained by reverse “tabloidising effects” of a high market share of tabloids in Austria and of commercial television in Germany. Nevertheless, it finds some remarkable differences between the four newspapers. While both quality papers are rather weakly tabloidised and the German Bild is quite strongly tabloidised, the Austrian Krone is surprisingly somewhat less tabloidised than the quality papers, presumably due to its “peoples' newspaper strategy”.
FranklinBob. Newszak and News Media. London: Arnold; dist. by St. Martin's Press, New York, N.Y. 1997. Pp. xi, 307. $19.95 paper. ISBN 0-340-61416-1. - Volume 30 Issue 4 - D. L. LeMahieu
Newspaper preferences for particular formats of speech presentation differ and they change in the course of time. In this contribution we focus on The Times and trace such developments in the formative years of the modern Anglo-American newspapers, from 1833 to 1988. We extracted data from The Times Digital Archive in six samples of roughly 5000 words at intervals of 31 years and analysed the texts manually for instances of reported speech. Our analysis shows that the focus has shifted from the presentation of speech events as coherent wholes in earlier newspapers towards a more selective use of individual statements that summarise an event or characterise it from different angles. And it also shows that the frequency of indirect forms of discourse presentation decreases over the years in favour of direct forms. This gives further support to the claim that in terms of discourse presentation broadsheets slowly develop into the direction spearheaded by tabloids.
Bringing together papers written by Norman Fairclough over a 25 year period, Critical Discourse Analysis represents a comprehensive and important contribution to the development of this popular field.
This paper seeks to contribute to the scholarship which is interested in the rhetorical, axiological workings of what are sometimes termed ‘hard news’ or ‘objective’ news stories—a style of news journalism typically associated with the ‘quality’ or ‘broadsheet’ news media and involving a regime of ‘strategic ‘impersonalisation’. It is interested in the communicative mechanisms by which such texts are often able to advance or favour particular value positions while employing a relatively impersonal style in which attitudinal evaluations and other potentially contentious meanings are largely confined to material attributed to quoted sources. It reviews previous research on the evaluative qualities of these texts, with special reference to the literature on attribution and so-called ‘evidentiality’ in news discourse. It is proposed that understandings of the axiological workings of these text can be enhanced by referencing some of the key insights emerging from what is termed the ‘Appraisal ‘framework’, an approach to the analysis of evaluative language developed within the Systemic Functional Linguistic paradigm of Michael Halliday and his associates. In particular it is proposed that understandings of the workings of these texts can be enhanced by referencing proposals in the Appraisal literature with respect to implicit or ‘invoked’ attitude and by reference to an account of attribution and so-called ‘evidentiality’ which is grounded in Bakhtinian notions of dialogism, rather than in notions of truth functionality and certainty-of-knowledge claims.
In this article we explore the discursive construal of news values across the modalities of written language and image, with a focus on attitude/evaluation/stance. From this perspective, news values are not beliefs that journalist hold or criteria that they apply, they are values that are constructed by choices in language and image. We argue that attention needs to be paid to the contribution of both modalities to this construction to gain a fuller understanding of how events are retold and made ‘newsworthy’. We illustrate our ‘discursive’ approach to news values through close analysis of online reporting of the 2011 Queensland floods on smh.com.au (the website of The Sydney Morning Herald, an Australian metropolitan broadsheet newspaper). As will be seen, a discursive perspective on news values provides a framework that allows for systematic analysis of how such values are constructed in both words and images. It allows researchers to systematically examine how particular events are construed as newsworthy, what values are emphasised in news stories, and how language and image establish events as more or less newsworthy.
Similarities and differences between speech and writing have been the subject of innumerable studies, but until now there has been no attempt to provide a unified linguistic analysis of the whole range of spoken and written registers in English. In this widely acclaimed empirical study, Douglas Biber uses computational techniques to analyse the linguistic characteristics of twenty three spoken and written genres, enabling identification of the basic, underlying dimensions of variation in English. In Variation Across Speech and Writing, six dimensions of variation are identified through a factor analysis, on the basis of linguistic co-occurence patterns. The resulting model of variation provides for the description of the distinctive linguistic characteristics of any spoken or written text andd emonstrates the ways in which the polarization of speech and writing has been misleading, and thus enables reconciliation of the contradictory conclusions reached in previous research.
Tabloid journalism is generally considered to be synonymous with bad journalism. This assessment of tabloid journalism is not very productive from a social scientific point of view. The argument of this article is that the journalistic other of tabloid journalism has appeared throughout the history of journalism, and that elements and aspects of journalism defined as "bad" in its own time in many cases served the public good as well as, if not better than, journalism considered to be more respectable. Tabloid journalism achieves this by positioning itself, in different ways, as an alternative to the issues, forms and audiences of the journalistic mainstream--as an alternative public sphere. By tracking the development of tabloid journalism through history, we want to contribute to the reassessment and revision of the normative standards commonly used to assess journalism that is currently taking place within the field of journalism studies. We do this by first examining what is meant by an alternative public sphere and how it can be conceptualised, then by relating this to the historical development of tabloid journalism. The historical examples are used as a basis for reviewing and revising a key dimension of current criticisms of tabloid journalism.
variety of vocabulary / level of vocabulary / clause construction / sentence construction / involvement and detachment (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
From a systemic linguistics perspective, this paper investigates, via a corpus discourse analysis of news stories, the news reporters’ purposes and intentions of using direct and/or indirect quotations (henceforth DQs & IQs) in news reporting. By randomly selecting and analysing a number of news stories taken from two leading American and two leading British newspapers, reporting the same two incidents of killing resulting from the al-Aqsa Intifada, this study reveals the following: 1. DQs are used to add some flavour, vividness and a sense of immediacy and authority to the news story that can be manipulated in such a way as to achieve a variety of certain socio-political ends, e.g. to make a mere viewpoint seem authoritative rather than personal (in our case the newsmaker’s). 2. DQs function as a distancing and a disowning device, i.e. absolving the journalist/the news reporter from endorsement of what the source, i.e. the newsmaker, has said. 3. DQs are also used to show that what is reported is an unconvertible fact, despite the fact that a news reporter may take sides by selecting quotations, and may thus exhibit a biased and prejudiced position. As for the use of IQs, this study also reveals the following: 1. They show the subjective perspective of the news reporter, since he/she merely paraphrases and gives a summary of the content of what has been recorded, written or uttered by the newsmaker.
Introduction Since its publication in 1985, the outstanding 1,800-page Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, by Randolph Quirk, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik, has been the definitive description of the grammar of English and an in-. dispensable reference for any research in the analysis or generation of English that attempts serious coverage of the syntactic phenomena of the language. The new Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English, by Douglas Biber, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad, and Edward Finegan, is an important complement to the earlier work, extending and sometimes revising the descriptions of Quirk et al., by means of an extensive corpus analysis by the five authors and their research assistants. Now, the bookshelf of any researcher in English linguistics is incomplete without both volumes. Like Quirk et al. (hereafter CGEL), Biber and his colleagues attempt a detailed description of all the syntactic phenomena of English. But
Queen Noor of Jordan talks only to the Daily Express: GIVE PEACE A CHANCE
- Phillipa Kennedy
Kennedy, Phillipa. 1990. "Queen Noor of Jordan talks only to the Daily Express: GIVE PEACE A
CHANCE." Daily Express, September 17.
Tabloid Britain: Constructing a Community through Language
- Martin Conboy
Conboy, Martin. 2006. Tabloid Britain: Constructing a Community through Language. London:
Routledge.
In Nationalism We Trust? In Aftermath: The Cultures of the Economic Crisis
- Terhi Rantanen
Rantanen, Terhi. 2012. " In Nationalism We Trust? " In Aftermath: The Cultures of the Economic Crisis,
edited by M. Castells, J. Caraca, and G. Carduso, 132–153. Oxford: Oxford University Press.