A new species of Hirtella (Chrysobalanaceae), and redescription of a closely related taxon, from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Abstract

Hirtella prancei, a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is described, illustrated and its morphological affinities with other species are discussed. The new species differs from the closely related H. hebeclada and H. santosii mainly by its indumentum on young branches and inflorescences, leaves that are usually larger with a bullate surface and greater number of secondary veins, and by its longer stipules and inflorescences. Hirtella prancei is only known from wet forests in southern Bahia State, Brazil. A more detailed morphological description and new data on distribution and habitat are also provided for H. santosii, which was based on an analysis of additional specimens.

Full text

Phytotaxa 265 (3): 259–266
http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/
Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA
ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)
ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)
Accepted by Ana Giulietti Harley: 6 Jun. 2016; published: 16 Jun. 2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.265.3.6
259
A new species of Hirtella (Chrysobalanaceae), and redescription of a closely related
taxon, from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
RENATA CAMARGO ASPRINO1,3 & ANDRÉ MÁRCIO AMORIM1,2,3
¹Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte,
44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. E-mail: renata.asprino@hotmail.com
2Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia,
Brazil. E-mail: amorim.uesc@gmail.com
3Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Herbário CEPEC, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna km 22, 45650-970, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil.
Abstract
Hirtella prancei, a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is described, illustrated and its morphological affinities
with other species are discussed. The new species differs from the closely related H. hebeclada and H. santosii mainly by its
indumentum on young branches and inflorescences, leaves that are usually larger with a bullate surface and greater number
of secondary veins, and by its longer stipules and inflorescences. Hirtella prancei is only known from wet forests in southern
Bahia State, Brazil. A more detailed morphological description and new data on distribution and habitat are also provided for
H. santosii, which was based on an analysis of additional specimens.
Key words: Malpighiales, Northeast Region, taxonomy
Resumo
Hirtella prancei, uma nova espécie da Floresta Atlântica brasileira, é descrita, ilustrada e suas afinidades morfológicas com
outras espécies são discutidas. A nova espécie diferencia-se das proximamente relacionadas H. hebeclada e H. santosii
principalmente pelo indumento dos ramos jovens e inflorescências, pelas folhas comumente maiores, com a face adaxial
fortemente bulada e maior número de nervuras secundárias, além de estípulas e inflorescência maiores. Hirtella prancei é
conhecida até agora de áreas de floresta ombrófila úmida no sul da Bahia, Brasil. É fornecida também uma descrição mais
detalhada e novas informações sobre a distribuição e habitat de H. santosii, possibilitadas pela análise de material adicional
dessa espécie.
Palavras-chave: Malpighiales, Região Nordeste, taxonomia
Introduction
Hirtella Linnaeus (1753:34) comprises 107 species, of which 105 occur in tropical and subtropical America and two
in eastern Africa and Madagascar (Prance & Sothers 2003). Species of Hirtella are trees, treelets or shrubs with lateral
and subpersistent stipules and eglandular petioles. The pedicels are usually longer than the receptacle tube, the flowers
have 3–9 far-exserted stamens arranged unilaterally, and the ovary is unilocular and inserted on the upper part of the
receptacle tube. The fruit is a fleshy drupe with an endocarp that has 4–7 longitudinal lines, which are often visible in
the epicarp of immature fruits (Prance 1972, Prance & Sothers 2003).
Although the monophyly of Hirtella has been suggested (Yakandawala et al. 2010, Bardon et al. 2013), a recent
study proposed the inclusion of a species of Couepia Aublet (1775:519) in the genus (Sothers et al. 2014). Indeed,
these two genera have been considered closely related since the 19th century (Prance 1972, Prance & White 1988). In
spite of Chrysobalanaceae being a predominantly Amazonian group, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is considered an
important secondary center of diversity, where there are 15 recorded species of Hirtella (Prance 1979, Sothers et al.
2016). Since the major publications for the group in relation to number of species, the Flora Neotropica Monograph
(Prance 1972) and its supplement (Prance 1989), no new species of Hirtella have been published from Brazil.

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260 • Phytotaxa 265 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press
During fieldwork in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a new species of Hirtella was discovered that is closely related
to H. hebeclada Moricand ex A.P. De Candolle (1825:529) and H. santosii Prance (1979:34). Hirtella santosii was
described based on a single collection from southern Bahia (Prance 1979), and while studying the taxonomy of the
genus from Bahia many additional specimens of this species were analyzed. The new species is described and illustrated
here, and comments on its morphological affinities with H. hebeclada and H. santosii, geographic distribution and
conservation status are provided. A more detailed morphological description of H. santosii and additional data about
its habitat and distribution are also included.
Taxonomy
Hirtella prancei Asprino & Amorim, sp. nov. Type:—BRAZIL. Bahia: Arataca, Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras,
acesso à serra pela roça do Sr. Cristóvão, coletada no começo da trilha para o Mirante II, 15º08’23’’S, 39º18’36’’W,
520 m, 16 December 2014, fl., R.C. Asprino & A.M. Amorim 117 (holotype CEPEC!, isotypes HUEFS!, K!, RB!).
(Figs. 1A–K, 2A–I, 3)
Hirtella prancei Asprino & Amorim is distinguished from H. santosii by its densely velutinous indumentum on the young branches and
inflorescences (vs. densely hirsute to hirsute), stipules 6–10 mm long (vs. 2.5–6.5 mm), leaf blades 10.3–18 mm wide (vs. 4.2–9 cm),
subcoriaceous (vs. subchartaceous to chartaceous), and eglandular (vs. with discoid glands at least on the abaxial surface), pendulous
racemes (vs. erect), 18–40 cm long (vs. 4.5–12.5 cm) and bracteoles triangular to deltate and eglandular (vs. ovate to depressed ovate,
bearing numerous glands on the margins).
Trees or treelets, 3–15 m tall; stems ca. 7 cm diam. at breast height; young branches yellowish brown, densely
velutinous, becoming glabrescent with age, lenticels absent. Leaves alternate, distichous; stipules lateral, narrowly
triangular, 6–10 mm long, late deciduous, eglandular; petiole thick, 6–10 mm long, velutinous when young, eglandular;
leaf blade subcoriaceous, discolorous, widely elliptic to ovate, base obtuse to rounded or subcordate, apex acute to
attenuate or acuminate, 17.5–32.5 × 10.3–18 cm, margins irregularly revolute, with 13–16 pairs of secondary veins,
intersecondary veins sometimes present; abaxial surface with velutinous midvein, secondary to quaternary veins
sparsely velutinous, eglandular, primary to quaternary veins prominent; adaxial surface with primary and secondary
veins glabrescent, eglandular, midvein plane to impressed, secondary to quaternary veins deeply impressed, producing
a strongly bullate surface. Inflorescence a single raceme with 30–70 flowers, pendulous, rachis greenish brown in
vivo, yellowish brown in sicco, densely velutinous, 18–40 × 0.25–0.35 cm; bract 1, narrowly triangular to triangular,
sericeous, (1.5–)2–4.5(–6) mm long, late deciduous, eglandular; pedicel thick, velutinous, (5.5–)7–9(–12) mm long,
eglandular; bracteoles 1–2, triangular to deltate, sericeous, 1–2(–3) mm long, late deciduous, eglandular. Flowers 7–10
mm long; receptacle campanulate, slightly swollen on one side, greenish yellow in vivo, yellowish brown in sicco,
exterior velutinous, interior glabrous except for deflexed hairs near throat; sepals 5, elliptic to oblong, 6–7 × 3–3.5
mm, velutinous abaxially, greenish yellow in vivo, yellowish brown in sicco, margin eglandular; petals 5, oblong to
ovate, 5.5–6.5 × 3–3.5 mm, glabrous, pinkish; stamens 6–8, unilaterally inserted on disc, filaments 19.5–22.5 mm
long, glabrous; anthers 0.8–1.0 mm long; staminodes opposite the stamens, filiform, 0.5–0.8 mm long; ovary inserted
at mouth of receptacle, 1–1.5 × 0.5–1 mm, densely villous, unilocular, biovulate; style gynobasic, filiform, 22–24 mm
long, hirsute up to 1/4 of its length, stigma truncate. Drupe fleshy, obovoid, (2.5–)3.5–3.6 × (1.5–)1.9–2 cm, green
when immature, dark purple when mature, calyx persistent, filaments sometimes persistent, epicarp sparsely hirsute,
mesocarp fleshy, endocarp not seen.
Comments:—Hirtella prancei is morphologically similar to H. hebeclada and H. santosii (Fig. 4A–G), which
also occur in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain. The three species are trees or treelets with dense indumentum
(drying yellowish brown) covering the branches and rachis of the inflorescence, racemose inflorescences, and flowers
6–10 mm long. Hirtella prancei and H. santosii occur in sympatry in forests of southern Bahia, whereas H. hebeclada
is widespread in forests from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul States. The occurrence of H. hebeclada in the state
of Bahia may have been based on a few misidentified H. santosii specimens.
Hirtella prancei differs from H. hebeclada by its densely velutinous indumentum on the young branches and
inflorescences (vs. tomentose), stipules 6–10 mm long (vs. 3–7 mm), leaves 17.5–32.5 cm long (vs. 5.5–21 cm) and
10.3–18 cm wide (vs. 2.5–9 cm), with 13–16 pairs of secondary veins (vs. 8–11 pairs) and a strongly bullate adaxial
surface (vs. not bullate), and inflorescences 18–40 cm long (vs. 6–20 cm) with 30–70 flowers (vs. 8–22 flowers).

A NEW SPECIES OF HIRTELLA FROM BRAZIL Phytotaxa 265 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 261
FIGURE 1. Hirtella prancei. A—Branch with apical leaf and inflorescence; B—Detail of adaxial leaf surface; C—Basal leaf; D—Detail
of abaxial leaf surface; E—Detail of petiole and stipule; F—Bract; G—Bracteole; H—Flower without petals; I—Longitudinal section
of the flower without petals; J—Mature fruit; K—Isolated trichomes from leaf. (A–I, K based on R.C. Asprino 117 and J based on R.C.
Asprino 61).

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FIGURE 2. Hirtella prancei. A—Detail of stipules; B—Adaxial leaf surface (left) and inflorescence (right); C—Detail of adaxial leaf
surface; D—Branch with leaves and inflorescences; E—Detail of abaxial leaf surface; F—Detail of leaf margin; G—Detail of inflorescence
with old flowers; H—Mature fruit; I—View of the area where the type specimen was collected. Photos A–G, I by A.M. Amorim and H
by R.C. Asprino.
Besides the features stated in the diagnosis, Hirtella prancei can also be distinguished from H. santosii by its usually
longer leaves (17.5–32.5 cm vs. 8.5–21.5 cm), with 13–16 pairs of secondary veins (vs. 8–14 pairs), strongly bullate
adaxial surface (vs. not bullate or slightly bullate) and revolute margin (vs. plane to slightly revolute), inflorescences
with 30–70 flowers (vs. 12–36 flowers), and filaments 19.5–22.5 mm long (vs. 11–14 mm).
Etymology:—The specific epithet “prancei” is an honor to Sir Ghillean T. Prance, because of his relevant work
on Chrysobalanaceae and other neotropical plant families.

A NEW SPECIES OF HIRTELLA FROM BRAZIL Phytotaxa 265 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 263
FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of Hirtella hebeclada (black triangles), H. prancei (black circles) and H. santosii (white squares).
Distribution and habitat:—Hirtella prancei is known only from a few collections from three localities in
southern Bahia State, Brazil, where it grows in the understory of submontane and montane wet forest (Fig. 3).
Conservation status:—The type locality is Serra das Lontras National Park, a protected area that comprises
ca. 11,300 ha where there are at least two populations of Hirtella prancei. Nevertheless, H. prancei is considered
Endangered (EN) according to the following IUCN (2012) criteria, combined with an analysis using GeoCAT (Bachman
et al. 2011): extent of occurrence less than 5,000 km2, area of occupancy less than 500 km2, with distribution in no
more than five locations, and continuing decline in habitat area and quality (B1ab(iii) + B2ab(iii)).
Additional specimens examined (paratypes):—BRAZIL. Bahia: Arataca, Serra das Lontras, trilha para o
Mirante II, 15º08’25’’S, 39º18’37’’W, 500 m, 05 April 2014, fr., R.C. Asprino et al. 61 (CEPEC!). Ibidem, ca. de 7

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264 • Phytotaxa 265 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press
km no ramal que liga o povoado de Itatingui à Serra das Lontras, 15º12’10’’S, 39º24’29’’W, 900 m, 13 September
2009, ste., A.M. Amorim et al. 7910 (CEPEC!). Ibidem, 10 October 2015, fr., A.M. Amorim et al. 9760 (CEPEC! RB!).
Igrapiúna, assentamento Mirante, 13º54’20’’S, 39º20’59’’W, 18 December 2001, fl., D.M. Loureiro et al. 394 (ALCB!,
CEPEC!). Ilhéus, Fazenda Attalea, Distrito de Castelo Novo, próximo ao Ribeirão do Choro, 100 m, 03 March 1995,
fl., L.A. Mattos-Silva 3074 (CEPEC!).
Hirtella santosii Prance, Revista Brasil. Bot. 2: 34. 1979. Type:—BRAZIL. Bahia: Una, Fazenda São Rafael, 10
December 1968, fl., T.S. dos Santos 300 (holotype CEPEC!, isotype NY). (Figs. 3, 4A–G)
FIGURE 4. Hirtella santosii. A—Detail of stipules; B—Detail of abaxial leaf surface; C—Detail of adaxial leaf surface; D—Buds
and flowers at anthesis; E—Detail of leaf margin; F—Inflorescence; G—Branch with leaves and inflorescences. All photos by A.V.
Popovkin.

A NEW SPECIES OF HIRTELLA FROM BRAZIL Phytotaxa 265 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 265
Trees or treelets, 4–20 m tall; stems ca. 6 cm diam. at breast height; young branches brownish green in vivo, yellowish
brown in sicco, hirsute to densely hirsute, soon becoming glabrescent, lenticels sometimes present. Leaves alternate,
distichous; stipules lateral, narrowly triangular to triangular, 2.5–6.5 mm long, late deciduous; petiole thick, 2.5–8.5
mm long, densely hirsute when young, eglandular; leaf blade subchartaceous to chartaceous, discolorous, elliptic to
oblong or ovate, base obtuse to rounded or cuneate, apex attenuate to acuminate, 8.5–21.5 × 4.2–9 cm, margins plane
to slightly revolute, with 8–14 pairs of secondary veins, intersecondary veins sometimes present; abaxial surface with
hirsute to densely hirsute midvein, secondary to quaternary veins sparsely hirsute, small discoid glands present at base
and sometimes sparse throughout lamina, primary and secondary veins prominent, tertiary veins slightly prominent;
adaxial surface with primary and secondary veins glabrescent, sometimes with small discoid glands at base, primary
and secondary veins impressed, tertiary veins plane or slightly impressed, sometimes producing a slightly bullate
surface. Inflorescence a single raceme with 12–36 flowers, erect, rachis greenish in vivo, yellowish brown in sicco,
densely hirsute to hirsute, 4.5–12.5 × 0.1–0.15 cm; bract 1, narrowly triangular to triangular, sericeous, 1.5–3.5 mm
long, persistent, sometimes bearing few glands on margin; pedicel slightly thick, densely hirsute, 6–19 mm long,
eglandular; bracteoles 2, ovate to widely ovate or depressed ovate, sericeous, 0.5–2.5 mm long, persistent, bearing
numerous sessile or shortly stipitate glands around margins. Flowers 6–9.5 mm long; receptacle campanulate, greenish
in vivo, yellowish brown in sicco, exterior densely hirsute, interior glabrous except for deflexed hairs near throat;
sepals 5, oblong to ovate, 3.5–6.5 × 2–3 mm, densely hirsute to hirsute abaxially, greenish in vivo, yellowish brown
in sicco, margin sometimes bearing small glands; petals 5, oblong to rounded or ovate, 2.5–4 × 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous,
white; stamens 5–7, unilaterally inserted on disc, filaments 11–14 mm long, glabrous, purple with white base; anthers
0.8–1.0 mm long; staminodes opposite stamens; ovary inserted at mouth of receptacle, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, densely villous,
unilocular, biovulate; style gynobasic, filiform, 14–15 mm long, hirsute up to 1/3 of its length, stigma truncate. Fruit
not seen.
Comments:—The original description of Hirtella santosii was based on a single specimen from the Atlantic Forest
of southern Bahia and, subsequently, many additional collections have been made. The analysis of these specimens
made it possible to write a more detailed description, presented here, and make an accurate morphological comparison
to similar species (see comments under Hirtella prancei).
Distribution and habitat:—Hirtella santosii occurs in the Atlantic Forest from Espírito Santo to northern Bahia,
Brazil (Fig. 3). It grows in the understory of submontane and montane forests at low to mid elevations.
Conservation status:—Hirtella santosii was treated as Endangered (EN) in the Livro Vermelho da Flora do
Brasil (Amorim et al. 2013). Even with the numerous additional collections presented here, which led to the extension
of the distribution of this taxon, the status of H. santosii remains the same. In an analysis that included the additional
specimens, based on IUCN (2012) criteria combined with GeoCAT (Bachman et al. 2011), the extent of occurrence is
more than 20,000 km2 but the area of occupancy is less than 500 km2, the number of locations is no more than ten and
the species is suffering from continuing decline in habitat area and quality (B2ab(iii)).
Additional specimens examined:—BRAZIL. Bahia: Almadina, Serra do Corcovado, 14º42’21’’S, 39º36’12’’W,
06 December 2011, ste., M.M. Coelho et al. 538 (CEPEC!). Mun. Almadina, Serra do Corcovado, 03 February 2012,
fl., M.M. Coelho et al. 624 (CEPEC!). Ibidem, 14º42’44’’S, 39º36’10’’W, 463 m, 23 November 2014, fl., R.C. Asprino
et al. 112 (CEPEC!). Arataca, RPPN Caminho das Pedras, Serra do Peito de Moça, 15º10’27’’S, 39º20’22’’W, 400–
900 m, 25 November 2006, fl., A.M. Amorim et al. 6562 (CEPEC!). Barro Preto, Serra da Pedra Lascada, 14º46’13’’S,
39º32’10’’W, 650 m, 10 December 2015, fl., J.G. Jardim et al. 4791 (CEPEC!). Belmonte, Estação Experimental
Gregório Bondar, 29 November 1987, fl., T.S. dos Santos 4343 (CEPEC!). Camacan, RPPN Serra Bonita, 15º23’30’’S,
39º33’55’’W, 800–1000 m, 17 July 2009, ste., A.M. Amorim et al. 7891 (CEPEC!). Entre Rios, Algodões, 12º10’00’’S,
37º58’00’’W, 140 m, 28 October 2014, fl., A.V. Popovkin & J.C. Mendes 1807 (HUEFS!). Itanagra, Fazenda Brejo
Verde, 17 November 1974, fl., E. Gusmão s/nº (ALCB!, CEPEC!, HRB!, HUEFS!). Espírito Santo: Mun. Domingos
Martins, Rio Jucu Braço Sul, 17 January 1995, fl., G. Hatschbach & J.M. Silva 61601 (CEPEC!, MBM!).
Acknowledgments
We thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for awarding a Master’s
Fellowship to RCA (grant # 133493/2014-8) and a Research Productivity Fellowship to AMA (grant # 306992/2012-
4). We also thank Alex Popovkin for kindly permitting us to use the photos of Hirtella santosii, Lucas Marinho for the
graphical support, Klei Sousa for the drawings and Nathan Smith for the English revision. Laboratory and fieldwork

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266 • Phytotaxa 265 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press
was financially supported by CNPq (Reflora Malpighiales grant # 563548/2010-0, Universal grant # 486079/2013–9
and PPBIO Mata Atlântica grant # 457483/2012-1).
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