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Laboratory rearing and breeding of spineless cuttlefish Sepiella inermis Orbigny (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)
... Whereas bivalves occurs both in freshwater and marine environments, but there is not any species in terrestrial habitats. In the all classes of molluscs, 6 classes are exclusively marine species [3,4]. ...
... Numerous molluscs are important food source for humans such as Clams and Snails. Some gastropods are pest and damage crops or others hosts for some disease causing parasites such as lung worm which causes schistosomiasis and liver worm for fascioliasis in humans [3,5]. ...
... Since hypothalamus system has long been recognized in the regulation of appetite and food intake, the role of the CNS systems were examined as well as environmental impacts on energy balance. Furthermore, the omega-3 faty acids have an important role in this disease and in the prevention and management of obesity [3,4,6]. ...
... Studies related to seasonal availability of egg mass and egg morphology are scanty. But several studies were conducted by various authors on growth, development and biology of cephalopods (Choe and Oshima,1963;Choe,1966;Nabhitabhata,1994;Sivalingam,1999;Anil, 2003Anil, ,2005Minton et al.,2001;Nair et al.,1985). ...
... Hatching percentage was 98% in the present study. This was almost similar to the observations made by various authors (Anil et al., 2003;Nabhitabhata,1994). Incubation period was 16 days but it shows variation to the incubation period of 13 days reported by Nabhitabhata (1994). ...
Availability and characteristics of cephalopod egg mass along the Vizhinjam coast was studied and peak availability of egg mass of squids Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii, Sepioteuthis lessoniana, was noticed during August to October, whereas, the peak availability of egg mass of cuttlefish Sepiella inermis, and Sepia pharonis was noticed during December to February. Egg clusters of Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii, Sepiella inermis, and Sepia pharonis were obtained from shore seine catches, whereas the egg mass of Sepioteuthis lessoniana was found attached to coconut spadices and nylon ropes hung from rafts moored at Vizhinjam bay. Eggs of Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii were encased in gelatinous, whitish, transparent, club shaped capsules. The egg capsule measured 4.5 - 6cm in length and 1.5-2cm in width, contained 120-130 eggs. It took total of 8 days for complete hatching. Egg cluster of Sepioteuthis lessoniana consisted 50-70 creamy white, slender, finger like capsules. Length of the egg capsules ranged from 5.3-9.2cm, whereas, the width 1.2-2.2cm and contained 4 to 9 eggs organised in a wellspaced single row. Maximum period of incubation was 21 days and hatching period was 17 days. The eggs of Sepia pharonis
were creamy white coloured, opaque and lozenge or ovoid in shape. The length of the capsules on thefirst day was 2 -2.5cm and
width was 1.4 -1.8 cm. Total incubation period recorded in case of Sepia pharonis was 22 days and period of hatching was 11 days. The eggs of Sepiella inermis were ovoid, lozenge shaped, with a proximal thin stalk and a conical protruberance at its tip. Eggs of Sepiella inermis were externally covered by a multilayered elastic, gelatinous coating and it was pigmented black. Maximum incubation period of S. inermis was16 days and hatching period was 5 days.
... Rayong Brackish Water Fisheries Station conducted pioneering research on the culture of several commercially important cephalopods in Thailand (Nabhitabhata, 1994). In India, the spineless cuttlefish Sepiella inermis was successfully bred in captivity (Sivalingam, 1999;Anil, 2003). ...
... Mysids are preyed upon by hatchlings of other cuttlefishes such as S. esculenta, S. subaculeata, Sepiella maindroni, and Sepiella inermis (Choe, 1966;Nabhitabhata, 1994;Sivalingam, 1999;Anil, 2003). Minton et al. (2001) successfully reared S. pharaonis using live mysids (Mysidopsis spp.) supplemented with small grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and cultured guppies (Poecilia reticulate) during the first 30 days. ...
The pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) was successfully reared from egg to an average size of 168 mm mantle length and 521 g in 210 days, using simple biological filtration systems. The period of egg incubation was 15 days at a temperature of 27-31°C. Hatchlings were reared at a stocking density of one animal per liter during the first month; density was reduced as growth proceeded. Food items consisted of live mysids, Artemia salina, juvenile fishes, and prawns. Juveniles were gradually acquainted with dead food items such as caridian prawns and small fishes. The present study shows that the pharaoh cuttlefish can be reared in captivity with a survival rate of 41%, using live feeds during the first 50 days. Future commercial scale culture of this species depends on development of artificial feeds and high density culture systems.
... They are used as live feed to rear many difficult species which feed exclusively on live feed. Mysids of different size range are found suitable as live-feed in the larval rearing of newly hatched squid and cuttlefish larvae (Domigues et al., 2001;Nabhitabhata, 1996;Anil, 2003), nursery rearing of ornamental fishes, food-fishes and serve as livefeed for many other marine organisms (Beyst et al., 2001), thus acting as a trophic link between primary producers and secondary consumers. Mysids are omnivorous and cannibalistic, feeding on diatoms and small crustaceans such as copepods (Odum and Herald,1972;Mauchline,1980). ...
Eurobowmaniella simulans is the commonly available species of mysid
along the Vizhinjam coast of Kerala. Sampling of mysids has been
carried out over a period of one year from March 2014 to February
2015 to study the seasonal availability and population structure.
Monthly samples of mysids consisted of individuals in various
developmental stages, from juveniles to mature mysids around the
year, but their percentage availability varied. The peak availability of
mysids was recorded during September (2014) (avg. 48,731 numbers
per haul) and their availability was lowest in July (2014) with an
average of 2 individuals per haul. The availability of brooding or
ovigerous females were observed throughout the year and highest and
lowest percentage availability was during November (2014) and April
(2014) respectively. Morphometric measurements of E. simulans
revealed that their average size (TL) ranged from 2.35±0.52 mm-
(juvenile) to 7.47±1.75 mm (adult). Sex could be first distinguished
externally when mysid attains the total length between 4.1 mm and 5
mm. Analysis of variance of different water quality parameters and
mysid density comparing seasons revealed that there was significant
variation of mysid availability between seasons (P < 0.05). Multivariate
Pearson’s correlation analysis of water quality parameters and mysid
density showed that there was a significant relation with chlorophyll a
content (P < 0.001) of seawater. The present study also revealed that
mysids are available in harvestable quantities for aquaculture purposes
from August to November.
Spineless cuttlefish(Sepiellainermis) from family Sepiidae is one of native cephalopoda in Persian Gulf. Egg clump inclusive 150 seed was collected from sea and was translated to Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station in Bndar-Lengeh. Eggs diameter and weight were 4.6± 4.0 mm and 0.08±0.02 gr.The incubation period last 10 days in temperature 280C and salinity 37-38 ppt. Mantle length and body weight of hatchlings were 3.0±0.3mm and 0.03±0.007 gr. Hatchlings were fed by live artemia (A.salina), mysid and PL15 of shrimp (Litopenaeusvannamei). After 30 days of culture food was changed and hatchlings were fed by dead pieces of fish. After 30 and 60 days of culture mantle length and body weight reach to 15.2± 2.3 mm and 0.67± 0.28 gr, 30.1± 3.3 mm and 3.28± 1.27 gr, respectively. After 70 days first sexual behavior, in 85 days mate choosing and in 90 day mating and spawning simultaneously was observed. In spawning day, mantle length and body weight reached to 46.1±5.2 mm and 14.68±3.16 gr. Maximum daily growth rate (DGRL, DGRW) was observed in first 10 days and minimum in 85-90 days of culture. Female was larger than male and largest female was 51.3 mm in mantle length and 17.84gr in body weight and these factors in male was 49.7 mm and 14.91gr.
The spineless cuttlefish, 𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑠, is an economic species of the Indian Ocean. 𝑆. 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑠s habit is bentho-nektonic but active in a higher degree compared to Sepia cuttlefish. This species can tolerate environment fluctuations and culture conditions very well, which favour aquaculture. 𝑆. 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑠 can be cultured through several consecutive generations in open seawater systems. The culture methodology is comparable to other sepiid cuttlefish, particularly 𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠, comprising collection of live broodstocks, incubation of egg masses, nursing of young and growout phase. The planktonic phase of hatchling is different from Sepia cuttlefish. The moderate final size of 50-100 g is appropriate to frozen food product packaging and maintenance in home aquarium.
The utility of some natural products from molluscs has been known for centuries. However, only recently have modern technologies and advances in the fields of chemistry, chemical ecology, anatomy, histology, and laboratory culture allowed the exploitation of new, unprecedented applications of natural products. Recent studies have dealt with (a) the role that these compounds have in the sea in protecting the animals (e.g., chemical defense), or in mediating their intraspecific communication (e.g., pheromones), (b) the geographical differences in similar or related species (and the implications of this in chemical ecology and phylogeny), and (c) the localization of these metabolites in molluscan tissues (by means of the most modern technologies), among others. The methodology for the laboratory culture of some species has also been established, thus offering new insights into this interesting field. Further applications of all these challenging studies are currently being developed.
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