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Roadmap Proposal for Implementing Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Portugal

DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2016.63040
Authors:
M. Falcao Silva at National Laboratory for Civil Engineering
M. Falcao Silva
Ana Filipa Salvado at National Laboratory for Civil Engineering
Ana Filipa Salvado
Paula Couto at National Laboratory for Civil Engineering
Paula Couto
Álvaro Vale e Azevedo at National Laboratory for Civil Engineering
Álvaro Vale e Azevedo
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Annex B
B1
BCA’s Building Information Modelling Roadmap
Objective
BCA targets the construction industry to use Building Information Modelling (BIM) widely by 2015.
Strategies
To meet the objective, these are BCA’s strategies:
(A) Removing impediments to help the industry ease the transition from two-dimensional
computer aided design (CAD) to Building Information Modelling;
(B) Incentivising early adopters of BIM;
(C) Creating the demand with the public sector taking the lead;
(D) Building BIM capability and capacity; and
(E) Promoting success stories.
A. Removing impediments
To help the industry ease the transition from two-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD)
drawings to three-dimensional BIM, BCA has developed BIM submission templates to help the
industry adopt BIM while reducing their learning curve.
Architectural and structural BIM submission templates were introduced in January and November
2010 respectively, while the mechanical and electrical (M&E) submission template was introduced in
April 2011.
To facilitate information sharing, BCA and buildingSMART Singapore are developing a library of
building and design objects, as well as project collaboration guidelines by early 2012. To date, more
than 200 projects were submitted electronically to regulatory agencies using models rendered in
BIM.
Annex B
B2
B. Incentivising early BIM adopters
To promote BIM among businesses and professionals in the industry as early as possible, BCA
introduced a S$6-million BIM Fund under the Construction Productivity and Capability Fund in June
2010. The BIM Fund covers costs on training, consultancy, software and hardware. To date, 70% of
the BIM Fund has been committed.
C. Creating the demand - public sector taking the lead
Countries such as the United States, Finland and Norway have made BIM mandatory for public-
sector building projects. Singapore’s public sector agencies are also taking the lead in specifying BIM
requirements for all new public sector building projects.
In 2011, BCA is working with key public agencies such as MOE, LTA and HDB to use BIM for a number
of pilot projects. From 2012, public sector agencies will require their industry consultants to use BIM
for their new projects.
In addition, mandatory regulatory submissions using BIM would be introduced for architectural
submission (by 2013), structural and M&E submissions (by 2014) and eventually for plan submissions
of all projects with gross floor area of more than 5,000 square metres by 2015.
D. Building capability and capacity
To equip industry practitioners and new entrants with expertise in BIM, BCA engaged institutes of
higher learning in Singapore to include BIM as part of their curriculum. In 2011, Singapore
Polytechnic and the National University of Singapore’s Architecture Department have started
teaching BIM to their students.
For the graduating batch of students in 2011, BCA organised intensive BIM training programmes to
equip them with BIM skills before they enter the industry.
To equip professionals in the industry, the BCA Academy of the Built Environment introduced a
Specialist Diploma degree in BIM in May 2011 and BIM Modeling and Management Courses in
September 2011. Currently, about 1,200 professionals in the industry and graduates are trained in
BIM.
Annex B
B3
E. Promoting success stories
In September 2010, BCA established the Centre for Construction IT (CCIT) to guide professionals and
companies from the construction industry in their BIM journey. The Centre will set up an internet
portal on BIM and produce materials covering successful case studies and best practices to educate
the industry on BIM.
In addition, CCIT will work with buildingSMART Singapore and the industry to organise BIM
workshops and seminars regularly.
Recent events held were a BIM conference and BIM Design Competition in September 2011.
... In 2011 and 2012, the BIM adoption roadmaps were presented by The US Army [17], [18]. Since 2008, BIM has been required in public projects [19]. In 2006 and 2009, the "BIM guideline for Contractors" was published, which analyzed BIM based on practical experiences [11]. ...
... Denmark is a leader to adopt BIM by Det Digitale Byggeri [19]. In 2006, half of the architects, 40% of engineers, and around 30% of employers partially adopted BIM [28]. ...
... In 2007, the first BIM instruction was published [11], SBM 1.2.1 is the latest revision of this standard that provides tips and rules for working teams [34]. Since 2010, BIM has become mandated in new buildings [19]. From 2010 to 2014, a 21.7-million-euros invested on BIM [23]. ...
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... The ramifications of the connection between BIM implementation and BIM adoption is that BIM implementation in given construction industry should just be considered fruitful when BIM adoption is dynamic at the organisation level and the project level (Poirier et al., 2015). These clarifications feature fruitful BIM adoption as the objective of BIM implementation and furthermore cause to notice the way that BIM adoption barriers are the difficulties of BIM implementation (Miller et al., 2013;Silva et al., 2016). Consequently, it is laid out that the course of BIM implementation starts with the distinguishing proof of BIM adoption barriers (Proctor et al., 2013;Aarons et al., 2011;Arayici et al., 2011). ...
... Likewise, BIM has turned into a worldwide prerequisite that each nation is committed to executing, however, its execution depends on the necessities of the nation, along these lines prompting the formation of new and particular necessities for the country which construction industry players in the country could embrace to their projects and work processes (Jung and Joo, 2011;Miller et al., 2013;Silva et al., 2016). This explanation depicts BIM implementation as the method involved in ordering or making BIM a formal or satisfactory working framework in the construction industry. ...
... At the organisation level, BIM adoption alludes to BIM adaptation, and at the project level, BIM adoption appears as BIM application or utilisation. It is empowering to contrast this theory with the conclusion by Miller et al. (2013), Silva et al. (2016) and Jin et al. (2015) which indicated that BIM implementation is not altogether equivalent to BIM adoption and that BIM implementation has levels one of which is BIM application. Equally important is the theory in this study which advances that the construction industry of different market sizes and production capacities should not be supposed to implement BIM at a similar level. ...
If you cannot fly, then run: a model of BIM implementation taxonomies and thresholds
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The barriers to BIM adoption are various and overpowering. These barriers should be continuously defeated through a recursive BIM implementation strategy and evaluation. The point of this paper is to recognise the key reduction indicators for tracking BIM adoption barriers and lay out whether the key reduction indicators will give a model of BIM implementation taxonomies and thresholds for assessing BIM implementation performance. Meta-analysis methodology was utilised to synthesise the diverse findings. These key reduction indicators were sorted into three BIM implementation thresholds: BIM advanced industry, BIM emerging industry, and BIM frontier industry. It was observed that BIM implementation taxonomies have various levels of the implementation plan, levels of market adequacy, and levels of goals. The study inferred that the proposed model will assist with smoothing out the necessities and instruct on the BIM implementation needs concerning different construction industries, most especially the developing construction industries.
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... This is followed by measured benchmarks, merger and realistic timescale for adoption. [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [43], [46], [47], [48] Benchmarking of best practice [37], [39] Change Management [34], [43] Communicating benefits [34], [38], [39], [40], [47] Communicating with vendors [42], [47], [48] Development of government policies [35], [37], [38], [40], [43], [45], [46], [47], [48] Evaluating Project Delivery Method [44] Example projects [37] Financial incentives for AI adoption [36], [45] Industry leadership [38] Legal contracts and property rights [38], [41], [43], [48] Low-cost loans and subsidies from government and financial institutions [36], [37], [42], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48] Mandatory AI policies and regulations [36], [37], [38], [45], [46], [47] Measured benchmarks [34] Merger [33] Provision of trail usage [40], [42], [45], [46] Public awareness and initiative [36], [37], [42], [44], [45], [46], [47] Realistic timescale for adoption [34] Senior Leadership Commitment [34], [36], [44], [48] Sharing of knowledge of AI technologies [35], [46] Standardisation of AI practice in the construction industry [33], [35], [37], [38], [39], [43], [46], [47] Training and skills acquisition of personnel [33], [34], [35], [37], [39], [40], [43], [44], [46], [47], [48] ...
... This is followed by measured benchmarks, merger and realistic timescale for adoption. [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [43], [46], [47], [48] Benchmarking of best practice [37], [39] Change Management [34], [43] Communicating benefits [34], [38], [39], [40], [47] Communicating with vendors [42], [47], [48] Development of government policies [35], [37], [38], [40], [43], [45], [46], [47], [48] Evaluating Project Delivery Method [44] Example projects [37] Financial incentives for AI adoption [36], [45] Industry leadership [38] Legal contracts and property rights [38], [41], [43], [48] Low-cost loans and subsidies from government and financial institutions [36], [37], [42], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48] Mandatory AI policies and regulations [36], [37], [38], [45], [46], [47] Measured benchmarks [34] Merger [33] Provision of trail usage [40], [42], [45], [46] Public awareness and initiative [36], [37], [42], [44], [45], [46], [47] Realistic timescale for adoption [34] Senior Leadership Commitment [34], [36], [44], [48] Sharing of knowledge of AI technologies [35], [46] Standardisation of AI practice in the construction industry [33], [35], [37], [38], [39], [43], [46], [47] Training and skills acquisition of personnel [33], [34], [35], [37], [39], [40], [43], [44], [46], [47], [48] ...
... This is followed by measured benchmarks, merger and realistic timescale for adoption. [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [43], [46], [47], [48] Benchmarking of best practice [37], [39] Change Management [34], [43] Communicating benefits [34], [38], [39], [40], [47] Communicating with vendors [42], [47], [48] Development of government policies [35], [37], [38], [40], [43], [45], [46], [47], [48] Evaluating Project Delivery Method [44] Example projects [37] Financial incentives for AI adoption [36], [45] Industry leadership [38] Legal contracts and property rights [38], [41], [43], [48] Low-cost loans and subsidies from government and financial institutions [36], [37], [42], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48] Mandatory AI policies and regulations [36], [37], [38], [45], [46], [47] Measured benchmarks [34] Merger [33] Provision of trail usage [40], [42], [45], [46] Public awareness and initiative [36], [37], [42], [44], [45], [46], [47] Realistic timescale for adoption [34] Senior Leadership Commitment [34], [36], [44], [48] Sharing of knowledge of AI technologies [35], [46] Standardisation of AI practice in the construction industry [33], [35], [37], [38], [39], [43], [46], [47] Training and skills acquisition of personnel [33], [34], [35], [37], [39], [40], [43], [44], [46], [47], [48] ...
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... The situation with the introduction of BIM has changed in a more positive direction with the putting into place of BIM standards as European standards. In parallel, on the local level, there are national standards that are sometimes different from the standards at the European level in order to better reflect the national conditions [18][19][20]. ...
... The third action in the threefold approach is the preparation of a document that will act as a guideline for enabling national implementation of BIM. Some of the main characteristics that this document should have are defined according to the best practice experiences for other countries, identified through the literature review [19][20][21]. They are given in continuation. ...
BIM in the Center of Digital Transformation of the Construction Sector—The Status of BIM Adoption in North Macedonia
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  • Feb 2022
The building sector nowadays has come to the stage where it needs a “digital” renovation. This is to be accomplished by an introduction of change into the methodology of construction and using new tools and technologies, such as BIM technology. This paper gives an insight into the status of BIM adoption in North Macedonia. It presents the threefold actions toward introduction of BIM in the national construction industry. These actions refer to scanning the current situation regarding digitalization of the sector, then taking promotional actions to express the benefits of BIM, and finally identifying and proposing the most suitable measures, summarized in the proposal of the National Roadmap for BIM adoption. The methods used consist of a brief literature review of the global status of BIM development. Then, the results of a survey conducted on more than 300 respondents representing a sample of building professionals in the country are discussed, and the barriers for successful BIM adoption are accordingly identified. The next step is to showcase the potential benefits of BIM for assessment of energy performance of buildings. As a final point, the conclusions drafted toward identification of the most important challenges are addressed in the proposed National Roadmap for BIM adoption.
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... BIM awareness may be increased by fostering a vibrant research community and federal building authorities focusing on BIM expansion nationally [144]. Further, Ahmed and Kassem [41] provided a catalogue and a collection of drivers/determinants that BIM experts may use to conduct multiple studies of the BIM implementation process, providing evidence and insights to decision-makers across various industries. ...
Building Information Modeling Execution Drivers for Sustainable Building Developments
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The need for continuous global improvement in the construction industry’s current state is inevitable. This pursuit for advancement is to benefit all concerned stakeholders in the construction industry, and innovation has been acknowledged as this improvement measure. Interestingly, Building Information Model (BIM) is a typical example of such innovation in the construction industry. It circumvents human errors, lessening project costs, strengthening productivity and quality, and reducing the project delivery time. This analysis investigates the factors influencing BIM implementation in construction in developing nations. A comprehensive literature review was performed to determine what factors contribute to BIM adoption. These drivers were categorized using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was also used with a questionnaire survey of 100 Nigerian building engineering professionals. Findings from the model highlight the most critical drivers of sustainable BIM deployment. The study’s conclusion will serve as a guideline for policymakers in developing nations that want to finish successful projects by avoiding BIM implementation drivers and improving the accomplishment of building projects via the usage of BIM.
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... The BIM methodology has been implemented in different countries, reaching different levels of maturity depending on a series of factors. Each country has its own norms or BIM standards, governed by organisations that contribute to the writing and updating of these, which are adapted to the needs and cultural characteristics of each country [13]. ...
Achieving Universal Accessibility through Remote Virtualization and Digitization of Complex Archaeological Features: A Graphic and Constructive Study of the Columbarios of Merida
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Currently, there are heritage assets that have been extensively studied and documented, but sometimes this information is not fully accessible to users. The aim of this research was to establish protocols and methodologies to promote collaborative work between the disciplines of architecture , restoration, and archaeology, through the results offered by Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools, and to use them for Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM). The methodology applied employed data collection with fast and low-cost tools (UAV) to subsequently generate a photogrammetric survey to serves as the basis for three-dimensional modelling. In this par-ametric model we implement all the information obtained by professionals from different disciplines , which also serves as a means to publicise and disseminate the heritage asset. The case study was the archaeological site of Columbarios, located in Mérida, a UNESCO World Heritage City. We obtained an effective interdisciplinary work methodology for heritage management under a collab-orative BIM environment. The study has allowed us to make the archaeological remains available to visit from anywhere in the world through Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technology.
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... Digitalized technology known as building information modeling (BIM) may be described or characterized as a means of producing, organizing and managing building-related information in an accessible and reusable fashion. BIM has a wide range of useful tools for conducting building behavior analyses, making it easier to examine the sustainability of building design [28]. Conventional LCA devices are still the main technique of measuring embodied energy, and although recent BIM advances have enabled compatibility with energy performance simulation (EPS) devices, current BIM software still requires interoperability with traditional LCA devices. ...
Life cycle assessment for a suburban building located within the vicinity using Revit Architecture
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Buildings account for 25% of carbon emissions and 32% of ultimate energy consumption. Urbanization has led to an increase in the requirement for infrastructure in general, which has led to an increase in the demand for housing. Building has a significant influence on the market, community, and the environment, and these issues must be addressed. Building projects that start with the sound design decisions have a far better chance of attaining long-term viability. The environmental consequences of a structure may be reduced through design by as much as 70%. Both the professional and educational groups have welcome to the connections between sustainability and Building Information Modeling (BIM). Construction industry cooperation and productivity are predicted to improve as a result of BIM, which is a mix of technology or organizational solutions that are intended to boost inter-organizational collaboration in building design, construction and maintenance. The increasing of populations is interested in creating ecologically friendly structures that are both high-performing and cost-effective. An approach to analysis a sustainable building that has an energy-efficient orientation and amenities based on the specific location in southern India's subcontinent was presented in the present research. This research work studies a novel approach to implementing an integrated platform for sustainable design in the suburban area.
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... BIM adoption is on the upward push; it could be visible that many countries have realized the significance of BIM in the construction industry. However, the adoption of BIM is on different levels according to its maturity in different countries [29]. Those different maturity levels divided the countries into countries leading the adoption, new-comers, and countries with shallow adoption According to reference [27], the adoption of any innovation is defined as "a decision to make full use of innovation as the best course of action available", nowadays, the awareness of the use of BIM is increasing among the industry professionals which pushed many countries to implement BIM [33]. ...
Exploring the Adoption of Building Information Modeling in the Bahraini Construction Industry
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  • Jan 2021
Building information modeling (BIM) is growing very fast around the world. BIM is about bringing together all data to create a robust set of information. Unfortunately, in Bahrain, yet there is no study investigated the level of BIM adoption. Hence, this study investigated the level of awareness, usage, and BIM adoption in the Bahraini construction industry. An exploratory investigation was carried out using a questionnaire; 272 responses were received from professionals working in Bahraini engineering offices. Findings reveal that more than 72% of the respondents are aware of BIM. However, only 39% are using it in their work. Moreover, visualization and drawing production are the functions that were adopted most by the engineering offices as of now. It is expected that these findings will lead to efforts to expand the level of BIM adoption in the Bahraini construction industry in the future and will be recognized as baseline information for the government and the engineering offices to have policies towards BIM adoption.
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Monitoring of Pavement Structural Characteristics
Chapter
  • Jan 2023
Testing and monitoring of transport infrastructures are challenging tasks due to the increase in traffic intensity and load. Non-destructive tests are used for pavement diagnosis, most of them at traffic speed, in order to avoid interaction with users. With the development of new technologies and enhanced quality of data collected, a combination of different monitoring methods can be used to assess the pavement condition along its entire length. Equipment, able to collect significant amounts of data are used, such as traffic speed deflectometers, ground penetrating radar, laser 3D, remote sensing, digital cameras, etc. One of the challenges is the data processing, due to the significant amount collected, sensitivity to test condition and correlations between different tests. This chapter addresses the main equipment and testing methodologies available nowadays for structural evaluation and integrity detection. Traffic considerations are additionally covered, as they are responsible for the pavement loading. The knowledge about its magnitude and the way that they are transmitted from different vehicles configurations are also presented. Additionally, future trends for data integration, such as Building Information Modelling are referred herein, with some examples. In addition, approaches that are still at prototype phase, such as remote sensing detection of settlements are mentioned. The main challenges and future perspectives of continuous structural monitoring are referred herein.KeywordsGround penetrating radarNon-destructive testsPavementStructural evaluationTraffic characterisationTraffic speed deflectometer
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