No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Designing an Experiential Scenario: The People Who Vanished
Figures
Figures - uploaded by Stuart Candy
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Stuart Candy
Content may be subject to copyright.
... While design practices have always been about the future, more recently, connections between future studies and design have been developed with interesting potential applications for complex challenges. Designers gain by incorporating future methods because they can describe long-term contexts and scenarios (Candy & Dunagan, 2017;Selin et al., 2015). Further, considering alternative futures helps practitioners understand that situations are constantly changing. ...
... This is a concrete visualization or simulation of the products, services, and/or systems in the future. Experiential futures are fragments of the future that stakeholders can perceive or experience (Candy & Dunagan, 2017). Experiential futures can be made for future practices or other practices, including design. ...
... Service design methods were useful; performative prototyping in role plays or prerecorded theatrical videos was the most effective for comprehension and showing the value of ideas. Students were able to create experiential futures, fragments of the future that stakeholders can experience (Candy & Dunagan, 2017). Students could benefit from developing skills in immersive experience design to better create a sense of the future. ...
Designers change existing situations with a focus on changing the behavior of artifacts. When designers aim to intentionally change the behaviors of individuals, organizations, or social systems, practitioners use specific approaches. Strategy (strategic design) and futures (design futures) are two alternatives for designers working on complex situations that require intentional change. This paper presents and reports three editions of a course titled Strategic Design Futures that address this type of situation. The course includes a seminar and a project component, which are structured into six design activities: sense-making, participatory visioning, designing futures, designing strategy, participatory evaluation, and design implementation. The course has ambitious goals, and students can only learn initial competencies. After three iterations, the course has focused on participatory visions and designing futures. The initial competencies the course provides are seeds for complex design situations of the real world requiring strategic and futures-oriented design skills.
... Thereafter, the mix of experiential design methods with performative ones, like role-playing, has become a popular approach in design research to anticipate possible consequences of design proposals. Finally, two other references consolidate this discussion in the practice and evolution of speculative design and thus also interaction design experimentations: "experiential futures" (Candy & Dunagan, 2017) and "speculative enactments" (Elsden et al., 2017). Experiential futures "bridge the experiential gulf between inherently abstract notions of possible futures, and life as it is apprehended, felt, embedded and embodied in the present and on the ground" while speculative enactments, take the theory and practise further on. ...
... AI has proven to bring unprecedented risks and unintended effects in the real world and experience prototyping offers a safe space for "trying out things" and "imagining what could happen if". Experiential Futures and Speculative enactments bridge the "experiential gulf" (Candy & Dunagan, 2017;Elsden et al., 2017) and let design actions meaningfully engage with the future. To continue in this direction, we also introduce the concept of "simulation exercise" by Bonnardot (2021) in which experiments' participants are led to believe that what they are experiencing is real, "without any direct link to the probability of it happening or the likelihood of it happening" (Bonnardot, 2021). ...
... This exercise is based on the knowledge that the French ergonomics research community had gathered over the previous thirty years as a result of the fundamental advancements in simulation (Van Belleghem, 2018). Within this perspective, the field of simulation may benefit from concepts of "experiential futures" (Candy & Dunagan, 2017) and the "speculative enactments" (Elsden et al., 2017) on which one could add a reflexivity approach. These simulation exercises also resonates with the pedagogical perspective on low-fidelity prototypes or simulations proposed by (Sas, 2006a). ...
... Thereafter, the mix of experiential design methods with performative ones, like role-playing, has become a popular approach in design research to anticipate possible consequences of design proposals. Finally, two other references consolidate this discussion in the practice and evolution of speculative design and thus also interaction design experimentations: "experiential futures" (Candy & Dunagan, 2017) and "speculative enactments" (Elsden et al., 2017). Experiential futures "bridge the experiential gulf between inherently abstract notions of possible futures, and life as it is apprehended, felt, embedded and embodied in the present and on the ground" while speculative enactments, take the theory and practise further on. ...
... AI has proven to bring unprecedented risks and unintended effects in the real world and experience prototyping offers a safe space for "trying out things" and "imagining what could happen if". Experiential Futures and Speculative enactments bridge the "experiential gulf" (Candy & Dunagan, 2017;Elsden et al., 2017) and let design actions meaningfully engage with the future. To continue in this direction, we also introduce the concept of "simulation exercise" by Bonnardot (2021) in which experiments' participants are led to believe that what they are experiencing is real, "without any direct link to the probability of it happening or the likelihood of it happening" (Bonnardot, 2021). ...
... This exercise is based on the knowledge that the French ergonomics research community had gathered over the previous thirty years as a result of the fundamental advancements in simulation (Van Belleghem, 2018). Within this perspective, the field of simulation may benefit from concepts of "experiential futures" (Candy & Dunagan, 2017) and the "speculative enactments" (Elsden et al., 2017) on which one could add a reflexivity approach. These simulation exercises also resonates with the pedagogical perspective on low-fidelity prototypes or simulations proposed by (Sas, 2006a). ...
... Thereafter, the mix of experiential design methods with performative ones, like role-playing, has become a popular approach in design research to anticipate possible consequences of design proposals. Finally, two other references consolidate this discussion in the practice and evolution of speculative design and thus also interaction design experimentations: "experiential futures" (Candy & Dunagan, 2017) and "speculative enactments" (Elsden et al., 2017). Experiential futures "bridge the experiential gulf between inherently abstract notions of possible futures, and life as it is apprehended, felt, embedded and embodied in the present and on the ground" while speculative enactments, take the theory and practise further on. ...
... AI has proven to bring unprecedented risks and unintended effects in the real world and experience prototyping offers a safe space for "trying out things" and "imagining what could happen if". Experiential Futures and Speculative enactments bridge the "experiential gulf" (Candy & Dunagan, 2017;Elsden et al., 2017) and let design actions meaningfully engage with the future. To continue in this direction, we also introduce the concept of "simulation exercise" by Bonnardot (2021) in which experiments' participants are led to believe that what they are experiencing is real, "without any direct link to the probability of it happening or the likelihood of it happening" (Bonnardot, 2021). ...
... This exercise is based on the knowledge that the French ergonomics research community had gathered over the previous thirty years as a result of the fundamental advancements in simulation (Van Belleghem, 2018). Within this perspective, the field of simulation may benefit from concepts of "experiential futures" (Candy & Dunagan, 2017) and the "speculative enactments" (Elsden et al., 2017) on which one could add a reflexivity approach. These simulation exercises also resonates with the pedagogical perspective on low-fidelity prototypes or simulations proposed by (Sas, 2006a). ...
... El término provotipo es una combinación de provocación y prototipo. El juego se ha desarrollado mediante la aplicación de una vertiente específica del Diseño Especulativo denominada Futuros Experienciales (Candy & Dunagan, 2017). A través de esta experiencia de juego inmersiva, los participantes pueden comprender mejor cómo las tecnologías de IA se están convirtiendo en "agentes morales", ya que están "aprendiendo" a tomar decisiones sobre el suministro y el consumo de energía de las personas con una supervisión humana limitada. ...
... The term provotype is a combination of provocation and prototype. The game has been developed through the application of a specific strand of Speculative Design called Experiential Futures (Candy & Dunagan, 2017). Via this immersive game experience, participants can better understand how AI technologies are becoming 'moral agents' as they are 'learning' to make decisions regards people's energy supply and consumption with limited human oversight. ...
From industry through policymaking to academia, much prevailing sustainability discourse focusses on transitioning to a so-called ‘Net Zero future’. Central to this vision is mitigation of human-driven climate change through the decarbonisation of industrial society, principally via increased innovation and adoption of emergent technologies. This paper argues Design Research must pivot from these reductive, solutionist narratives, and develop a disruptive yet inclusive approach towards designing for Net Zero. In response to the complexity of climate change, this paper proposes a novel conceptual frame that helps designer-practitioners to challenge the unsustainable technocentric status quo. Built upon a confluence of Speculative, Participatory and More-than-Human-Centred methods, the paper outlines how this approach can stimulate close collaboration between designers and stakeholder networks. The paper asserts that, through this scaffold, designer-practitioners can reimagine responsible technological Net Zero futures which are inherently More-than-Human, that is, sustainable and equitable for our planet’s human and non-human stakeholders alike.
... This is the challenge that the futures field occupies, to bravely engage uncertainty and experiment with no guarantees. We can in this way play with uncertainty and design for multiple unknowns [20], we may focus on experiencing uncertainty to gain insight [21] or to engage in world-building to understand a functioning different world even it may seem impossible to us [22], or to envisage sudden unforeseen black swan events [23]. Table 1 formulates useful definitions of different uncertainties based on Shearer [24] and Ritchey [18]. ...
... Considering this type of rapid emergence, engaging uncertainties must also therefore be mindful of the broader collective construction of knowledge, where language, names and concepts will arise that will seem radically different from now, even implausible, that potentially supersede our current understanding through new convergences. We may not have the parameters to understand what scientific or technological or social innovations will fill this uncertainty [18], but it would be important to attempt to explore and even design what those might be [20,21], and even assume that at a point in the future these unfamiliarity's could become the new established norm. This transition to a new normal is not only to define a concrete new regime, but rather to reflect on what has constituted normal before and that it will never be the same. ...
This paper reflects upon the concept of Critical Uncertainties, a term drawn from strategic foresight and risk management to identify issues that are highly uncertain and potentially highly impactful on a given strategic context. Given the daunting global challenges we face, the proposed biofutures associated with green transitions could be reimagined to encompass a broader spectrum of uncertainties, including existential risks and unknown unknowns. As global leadership acknowledges global risks, attention should be paid to how to engage these types of issues. This paper observes the participatory process of addressing and contextualising critical uncertainties and suggests that there may be a need for new frames. Planning for what is understood to be uncertain can be contrasted with the need for a new language of uncertainty that we do not yet contemplate. Low uncertainty issues may already be known, seen as sets of alternatives with direct implications, or then higher uncertainty involves even more complex fluid systems, and ultimately there is genuine uncertainty, which we cannot conceive. Within this context of utilising uncertainties, they are reflected upon through two key framings in this paper: imaginaries and future generations, both offering promising avenues for further exploration and inquiry of aspects of uncertainty. This reflexive text aims to reposition critical uncertainties for further study.
... Design practices, such as prototyping and storytelling (Bühring & Liedtka, 2018), have the potential to support the imagination of more desirable futures. For instance, speculative props (Dunne & Raby, 2013) and design fictions (Lee, 2021) present provocative glimpses of future scenarios, while experiential futures (Candy & Dunagan, 2017) recreate immersive environments that engage the five senses and make the future more tangible. Thus, desirability is expected to be higher in future scenarios generated by imaginative future-making practices. ...
... uses provocative artefacts to spark the imagination and open up new possibilities to reflect on wicked problems and stimulate debate about different ways of living. In this stream, design fiction uses fictional objects to suspend preconceptions about the future (P olvora & Nascimento, 2021), science fiction prototyping describes future scenarios in a narrative fictional form(Merrie et al., 2018), and experiential futures(Candy & Dunagan, 2017) recreate an immersive environment that engages all the senses. ...
Future‐making, the act of imagining and producing the future, is becoming increasingly relevant in scholarly and practitioner debates. In a constantly evolving society where the future is difficult to navigate, there is an urgent need to explore new and innovative ways of imagining plausible futures that are more desirable to people. The future‐making literature proposes different practices, tools, options and possibilities for envisioning futures and advancing the debate on issues that affect society. To explore how different future‐making approaches influence the generation of future scenarios, we conducted an experiment in which we asked 64 practitioners participating in teams to anticipate and imagine futures using two different future‐making approaches: predictive and imaginative. The resulting future scenarios were then evaluated by 227 practitioners in a postexperiment survey measuring their plausibility and desirability, as well as their similarities and differences in terms of future scenario generation. Our study contributes to both theory and practice. In particular, we contribute to the future‐making debate and enrich current understanding of the different processes and tools adopted in predictive and imaginative future‐making using an experimental approach. Our study also supports practitioners in unpacking the potential of adopting different types of future‐making, from predictive to imaginative.
... Personas, whether as artefacts within a future narrative or as essential components in constructing it, contribute to eliciting emotional responses to futures that are not directly experienced. In this context, the significance of design approaches including personas, alongside design fiction and speculative design, lies in integrating 'experientially augmented toolsets' in foresight and futures, which utilize creative imagination to engage participants in creating experiential futures (Candy and Dunagan, 2017). Characterising personas through different media, such as through art and literature or film, and other visual representations e.g., cartoons that trigger sensory experiences, could help refine the role of personas in building experiential futures and provide deeper insights into how participants form emotional connections with the futures they are exploring (Braun et al., 2024). ...
... Para compreender melhor a complexidade das relações entre sociedade e natureza no Antropoceno, universidades como a OCAD University 1 , o California College of the Arts 2 e a Universidade de Ciências Aplicadas de Potsdam 3 estão progressivamente adotando estudos de futuro com design especulativo em programas de pós-graduação [Ollenburg 2019]. Esses cursos transcendem os limites da educação convencional, funcionando como laboratórios de pensamento avançado onde o design é reconhecido não apenas como criação, mas como uma poderosa heurística para investigar e moldar cenários futuros ainda não revelados [Candy andDunagan 2017, Ollenburg 2018]. ...
O Livro “Minicursos IHC 2024 - Fundamentos e Práticas para Experiências Digitais Acessíveis, Inclusivas e Eticamente Responsáveis” faz parte da série Perspectivas e Práticas Contemporâneas em IHC e aborda conteúdos relacionados às práticas de IHC. As propostas submetidas para o IHC 2024 foram avaliadas por pelo menos duas pessoas revisoras da comunidade de IHC no Brasil e no exterior. A escolha das propostas considerou as notas atribuídas pelas pessoas revisoras, os temas abordados, a fim de proporcionar à comunidade a oportunidade de aproveitar temas diversos nos minicursos oferecidos no evento, e a disponibilidade na programação do evento. Quatro propostas foram aceitas e tiveram os minicursos oferecidos, sendo que três delas se tornaram capítulos deste livro.
No primeiro capítulo, intitulado “Acessibilidade nas Mídias Sociais para Pessoas com Deficiência Visual” , as autoras abordam aspectos de acessibilidade para pessoas com deficiência, apresentando exemplos práticos. O texto apresenta uma fundamentação sólida e descreve processos desde o planejamento até formas de descrição de imagens para publicação de forma acessível para pessoas com deficiência nas redes sociais.
No segundo capítulo, “Design Especulativo: Construindo Pontes entre Tecnologia, Ética e Inclusão Social”, as pessoas autoras nos apresentam um conteúdo dinâmico, com sólida fundamentação e prática para uso de Design Especulativo como ferramenta para reimaginar o mundo sobre uma perspectiva ética e inclusiva.
O terceiro e último capítulo, com o título “Avaliação da Usabilidade e da Experiência do Usuário em Realidade Virtual e Aumentada”, apresenta conceitos fundamentais e práticas para promover experiências de usuário imersivas considerando desafios e cuidados na condução de estudo com pessoas utilizando ferramentas de realidade virtual.
Os três capítulos deste livro possuem metodologias e ferramentas para a área de Interação Humano Computador, porém, não se limitando a este contexto. Trata-se de uma obra útil para pessoas de diferentes perfis na academia (pesquisadores, estudantes ou professores, etc) ou indústria (profissionais de UX, marketing, designer, etc), iniciantes ou já com alguma experiência.
... In particular, we see design making strong contributions in the forms of artifact and empirical research, in which the materiality of an artifact (technology and the surrounding world), bodily experience (sensing and making), and knowledge (speculations) become highly intertwined. Methodologically, we see a trend in favouring first-person HCI methods [42] as a mode of knowing in more-than-human design research, often explored in combination with other ethnographic methods or co-design methods, in which designers engage in embodied speculation [28] by making and living with conceptual design artifacts. Such artifacts include new materials, e.g., bio-based and living materials [43,126], data and algorithms [12,113,142], products, systems, architectures, tools, techniques, sketches, mockups, and environments that reveal new possibilities, enable new explorations, facilitate new insights, or compel us to consider alternative futures. ...
... Hence they have pointed out the potential of SF prototyping, supported by SF worldbuilding (Zaïdi, 2019). Others have started putting this to practise, amounting to so-called physical narratives (Kuzmanovic et al., 2019) and ethnographic experiential futures (Candy & Kornet, 2019;Candy & Dunagan, 2017) which consist of "approaches to make futures visible, tangible, interactive and otherwise explorable in a range of modes" (Candy & Kornet, 2019: 5). Having a fundamentally collective dimension, these approaches are often taken together with a participatory approach, in which groups or communities collaboratively design their imagined futures. ...
At a time of radical uncertainty, with our future under threat, a small constellation of Brussels-based associations and activists have set out to explore otherwise possible futures. Against powerlessness, against the ineluctable – but through what is at the core of their struggles for technological, environmental, and social justice – they have com- posed worlds, cultivated dissenting futures and crafted stories that they share here like a bottle to the sea, as an invitation to join this makeshift vessel of imagination.
... To lower the participation threshold, these methods employ multimodal techniques to encourage active engagement and participation: sticky notes, performances and visual representations (Alminde & Warming, 2020). A characteristic feature of the methods that build on future workshops is the use of three phases (Glenn, 2009;Candy & Dunagan, 2017;Epp et al., 2022): 1) critique or current issues, 2) fantasy or futuring, and 3) implementation or practical steps. Futures workshops may seek pluriversality by giving "voice" and agency also to non-human organisms and systems. ...
... Candy and Dunagan describe Experiential Futures as a deliberate mixing of a present experience with a speculative future. Such futures are often concretised by combining immersive scenarios and roleplaying with the types of artefacts normally produced as part of design fiction or speculative designs [14]. In some cases, experiential futures could be seen as an alternative format of a persuasive game and indeed have been described as a form of Live Action Role Play games (LARPs) [21]. ...
While prosocial behaviour is often described as behaviour intended to help and benefit others, it is primarily considered through an anthropocentric lens in that the others in question are principally humans. In this research, we consider designed systems whereby the prosocial benefits relate primarily to non-human actants, and although people may gain benefit, it is primarily a consequence of being part of a larger assemblage of humans/non-humans. To achieve this, we go beyond the human centred approaches, often associated with the design of prosocial interactive systems, and draw on post-humanist philosophy to create a conceptual lens that reveals and empowers alternate perspectives. Further we highlight the parallels of experiential futures and game design in that they both employ different forms of rhetoric which is subsequently revealed through interaction. This combination of post-humanist and game design framings has been developed through reflection on our research through design practice during the crafting of the different rhetorics embodied within an experiential future. Taking the form of an interactive game, our experiential future makes legible how our increased interaction with intelligent data driven products/services has associated environmental impacts. The paper presents our development of this framing with the aim of providing a scaffold upon which designers can critically examine potential futures which give greater consideration of non-human actants when designing experiential futures that encourage prosocial behaviour.
... To ensure the relevance and veracity of the futures setting, the experiential futures ladder (EFL) (Candy & Dunagan, 2017) approach to scenario development was implemented, specifically as it both guides scenario development and employs design fictions to elicit visions of the future. Consequently, this section explains the initial design of the PFM in terms of the four phases of the EFL. ...
For smart urban technologies to enhance the current and future urban experiences of residents of cities in Africa, interventions in the urban environments must be considered from an ethical perspective. This is important as urban environments are increasingly becoming the habitat for the majority of people on this planet, and rapidly evolving and increasingly emerging smart urban technologies have the capacity to be immensely socially disruptive. Responding to the question of how CI researchers can employ participatory methods to better understand the preferences of citizens in African cities for the inclusion of smart technologies in their urban environments, this article initially describes the conceptual design of a novel co-design research method, the participatory futures method (PFM), which integrates concepts and techniques originating in the field of experiential futures with the design research method of generative tools. Thereafter, the iterative refinement of the PFM through a series of pilot workshops involving participants from the neighbourhood of Westbury, a resource-scarce urban community in Johannesburg, South Africa is reflected upon. In addition to descriptions of the workshops, the approach taken for analysing and synthesising the data generated in the workshops is outlined and critically reflected upon with particular regard to the capacity of the PFM method to generate meaningful insights pertaining to the Westbury community’s preference for smart places. This research extends the knowledge of community informatics by articulating how the rigour of experiential futures methods for futures-orientated inquiry can be integrated with the reflective qualities of generative tools capable of eliciting latent needs, to orientate participatory encounters with community members that are meaningful to both the discipline and participants. Lastly, this research provides a detailed account of how participatory research practiced in and with under-resourced communities anticipate the potential positive impact of smart technologies in their urban environments. As such, this study contributes a participatory perspective of CI design research, from and by researchers in the global South, a context often marginalised by Western-orientated informatics research.
... To ensure the relevance and veracity of the futures setting, the experiential futures ladder (EFL) (Candy & Dunagan, 2017) approach to scenario development was implemented, specifically as it both guides scenario development and employs design fictions to elicit visions of the future. Consequently, this section explains the initial design of the PFM in terms of the four phases of the EFL. ...
For smart urban technologies to enhance the current and future urban experiences of residents of cities in Africa, interventions in the urban environments must be considered from an ethical perspective. This is important as urban environments are increasingly becoming the habitat for the majority of people on this planet, and rapidly evolving and increasingly emerging smart urban technologies have the capacity to be immensely socially disruptive. Responding to the question of how CI researchers can employ participatory methods to better understand the preferences of citizens in African cities for the inclusion of smart technologies in their urban environments, this article initially describes the conceptual design of a novel co-design research method, the participatory futures method (PFM), which integrates concepts and techniques originating in the field of experiential futures with the design research method of generative tools. Thereafter, the iterative refinement of the PFM through a series of pilot workshops involving participants from the neighbourhood of Westbury, a resource-scarce urban community in Johannesburg, South Africa is reflected upon. In addition to descriptions of the workshops, the approach taken for analysing and synthesising the data generated in the workshops is outlined and critically reflected upon with particular regard to the capacity of the
PFM method to generate meaningful insights pertaining to the Westbury community’s preference for smart places. This research extends the knowledge of community informatics by articulating how the rigour of experiential futures methods for futures-orientated inquiry can be integrated with the reflective qualities of generative tools capable of eliciting latent needs, to orientate participatory encounters with community members that are meaningful to both the discipline and participants. Lastly, this research provides a detailed account of how participatory research practiced in and with under-resourced communities anticipate the potential positive impact of smart technologies in their urban environments. As such, this study contributes a participatory perspective of CI design research, from and by researchers in the global South, a context often marginalised by Western-orientated informatics research.
Keywords: Futures; Smart Neighbourhoods; Participatory Design; Smart African Cities; Resourcescarce
Communities.
... It integrates the growing trend of incorporating futures-oriented perspectives into design, focusing on prototyping and orchestrating future scenarios through design. This contextual framework lays the groundwork for exploring the future of Sustainable Mobility, drawing upon contemporary work by design futures thinkers, such as, Candy and Dunagan (2017) and Candy and Potter (2019). Within the Design Futures context, terms like 'design fiction', 'speculative design' (Dunne & Raby 2013;Dureffe & Zeiger 2017); 'speculative and critical design', and 'experiential futures' are often referenced, inspiring the conceptual framing of this paper, and emphasizing the transformative potential of imagination and creativity in addressing 21st century design challenges like the climate emergency. ...
... Design ideas and practices such as empathy, visualization, storytelling, sense-making, scenario-building, and prototyping, have been variously discussed and adopted by companies (Ancona, 2012;Candy and Dunagan, 2017;Liedtka and Ogilvie, 2011;Rothke and Gregory, 2019). The use of tools for the visualization of BMs, most notably the Business Model Canvas (Osterwalder and Pigneur, 2010), has made inroads into both early-stage startups and established firms. ...
Purpose The growing imperative for sustainable business practices has led to a recognition that companies must transform their business models to encompass economic, social, and environmental value. At the heart of this transformation is the triple bottom line framework, which evaluates business success in the three dimensions of profit, people, and the planet. Simultaneously, design-driven innovation embraces future-oriented approaches that include people and the ecosystem as stakeholders, while evolving the lenses of innovation, namely desirability (planet), feasibility (network), and viability (prosperity). This evolution offers a new perspective that extends the triple bottom line in business model design by considering the feasibility of achieving impactful, original, and useful innovations. We explore a potential method for designing a business model anchored in the conceptualization of design-driven innovation and a tool to support the creative exploration and coherence assessment of more sustainable (than those currently in use) business models. Design/Methodology/Approach We built on previous knowledge of design, design-driven innovation, and business model design, and merged with insights from our direct experience as design-driven innovation practitioners, including in applying the tools in different instances with client companies. Findings We propose the Design-Driven Innovation Business Model Canvas, and provide initial anecdotal evidence from its potential to support the creative exploration and coherence assessment of sustainable business models. Originality/Value Our tool is designed to merge the design-driven innovation perspective with business design requirements to generate more sustainable business models than those currently in use. We also propose a new conceptualization of the three lenses of innovation, which we then relate to the triple bottom line.
... This process highlighted a challenge between giving form to things in a concrete enough way to aid in understanding while emphasizing the new complexity behind it and leaving enough room for the imagination so that others feel they can move along the pathways toward the vision. Currently, designers use, for example, scenarios (e.g., Candy & Dunagan, 2017), metaphors (e.g., , and system mapping (e.g., Sevaldson, 2011) to communicate system dynamics and relationships often depicting certain system levels (e.g., city) and particular changes (Forlano & Mathew, 2014;Gaziulusoy & Ryan, 2017a). However, more exploration into how to support designers in connecting the experiential and system qualities in the future and giving form to the dynamic relationships between these, representing multiple changes and system levels simultaneously, is something we consider to need further exploration if we wish to position visualization and experiential design capability better for fostering transitions. ...
... Se trata de una aproximación desde las humanidades para propiciar un pensamiento anticipatorio en los diseñadores, por el cual, se reduzcan los márgenes de error, tanto la improvisación como la incertidumbre en el desarrollo de soluciones de diseño. Los estudios de futuro funcionan de manera interdisciplinaria, cruzan con las humanidades, las ciencias naturales, la política, recientemente, a nivel conceptual y metodológico con el diseño (Candy y Dunagan, 2017). La interdisciplinariedad es fundamental para emplear teorías, métodos o procesos, experiencias y múltiples inteligencias, así como comprender contextos, codificar información o esbozar varios futuros alternativos. ...
El objetivo de este documento consiste en explicar y comprender el problema
de la violencia contra las mujeres vinculado a las masculinidades nocivas y a
la pandemia de COVID-19. El desarrollo de dicho objetivo se ha llevado a cabo
mediante la investigación documental, científica y periodística que permite
conocer, a través de fuentes confiables, las diversas manifestaciones de las
desigualdades sociales enfatizadas hoy en día por la mencionada pandemia.
En este caso se reflexiona sobre la desigualdad de género, específicamente
sobre la violencia contra las mujeres que se ha intensificado debido a diversos
factores, entre los que destaca el encierro con sus agresores. Por otra parte,
como lo documenta ONU-MUJERES (2020), así como en México la Red
Nacional de Refugios (2020), y el Observatorio Género y COVID-19 (2020),
... Critical Futures is an emergent field that brings together Critical Design, Futures studies, Foresight and Design. It moves toward articulating and mapping, and communicating, images of the future in a wide range of mediums and approaches (Candy & Dunagan, 2017). ...
Conversations about how design learning moves toward its preferable future are critical. This paper discusses a hybrid area of investigation across Futures studies and Design Research that informs thinking toward a design education imaginary, as part of a larger body of work addressing pedagogical innovation. It sets out discursive approaches for connecting knowledge, and investigates the role that narrative might play in enabling that future to be imagined, visualised and enacted. The paper introduces a process — a tool, currently in early phase testing — through which discursive, community knowledge might be collected for application within existing systems and processes. The paper proposes critical conversation as a form of making, as a device for creating the future story in, and of, design learning, pointing toward a new chapter for design education where it might expand to truly make sense of the world around learning.
... The SMOTIES Toolbox sets the foundation for effective project planning and ensures that initiatives are aligned with the specific needs and dynamics of the small and remote place, enabling laypersons and local stakeholders to articulate their expectations of prospective innovations (Heidingsfelder et al., 2015). This approach has been based on design futures studies (Amara, 1981;Candy & Dunagan, 2017;Candy & Potter, 2019;Dunne & Raby, 2013;Fry, 2020;Henchey, 1978;Hillgren et al., 2020;Voros, 2001Voros, , 2003. ...
This paper aims to highlight the design-led process in the research and the range of its application in contexts beyond the mainstream: the decentralized areas, defined as “small and remote places”. This is based on an ongoing action-research project called SMOTIES - Creative works with small and remote places, a four-year co-funded project by the Creative Europe Programme of the European Union. The ten partners involved in the project come from the cultural realm, including universities, design/art collectives, NGOs, and design associations. They aim at knowledge transfer, capacity building, and audience development in 10 small and remote areas in their own country. This paper refers to the first two years’ activities focusing on the shared methodology and overall program.
With this paper we join others in their call to resist and challenge regimes of anticipations that suggest our futures are inevitably linked to certain imaginaries about data-driven systems. The future is not simply happening but is made now – through regimes of anticipation that shape our expectations, imaginaries, visions and hypes, and define what is thinkable and desirable. Who or what is able to claim the future is an exercise of power and a matter of social justice. However, current anticipations circulating about datafied futures are often determined by powerful social actors such as states or technology companies. In this paper, we explore how we might open up futures-making to different people in relation to futures of ageing. Central is the question of whether and how we can actually think (and imagine) outside of powerful anticipation regimes around the increasing spread and relevance of data-driven systems and/or ageist assumptions about how to ‘fix’ the problem of demographic ageing. We draw on data from a series of design fiction workshops with older adults, civil society organisations and civil servants in Germany, Austria and the UK. Our analysis explores how participatory futuring might allow participants to question their own assumptions and anticipations about the futures of data-driven technologies in ageing societies but that, due to ‘discursive closure’, this may not lead to radically different futures imaginaries.
Public, social and community organizations are, in many locales, driving systems change toward social and economic equity, and environmental justice. But their visions for what achieving systems change should look like and what it will take to realize them are as diverse as the organizations pursuing them. Organizational coalitions are spaces where diverse groups converge to negotiate their distinct transition imaginaries: “collectively held, institutionally stabilized, and publicly performed visions of desirable futures” (Jasanoff and Kim 2015, 153) that suggest economic, social, and natural arrangements for the common good. These negotiations aim for reaching a shared purpose and set of goals that can guide the collective efforts. However, focusing on high‐level goals without contending with the diverse values and ethics that the collectives uphold can lead to a superficial and performative alignment that overshadows critical tensions, or worse, reinforcement of dominant ways of thinking that are at the root cause of the issues. As an alternative, manifesting diverse imaginaries can help uncover the diverse interpretations of futures suggested by high‐level transition goals, and move beyond the dominant narratives of progress towards more radical, yet actionable transition visions.
This article proposes a design‐driven collaborative sensemaking approach for manifesting the diverse transition imaginaries in emerging coalitions as a means to create more inclusive and pluralistic transition visions. We utilize narratives as a mechanism through which designers can uncover the distinct imaginaries that drive the existing initiatives, understand the tensions between the values and ethics underpinning these imaginaries, and activate alternative imaginaries in collective negotiations of transitions. We propose that, by employing discourse analysis in combination with design tools, transition practitioners can more meaningfully engage with alternative value systems and mindsets.
Literary approaches to design fictions, though previously theorized to be diverse in form and content, often fall within narrow stylistic and content boundaries such as speculative abstracts, memos, and studies. By drawing on a rich history of science fiction criticism, we advocate for literary design fictions that diverge from what is commonplace in HCI and design research. We foreground our paper with a discussion of the poetics of science fiction, and their relationship to current design fiction practices. Specifically, we highlight how the poetics of a design fiction can work to familiarize or defamiliarize readers from the imagined world presented. We thus argue that considerations of poetics, specifically how they work to (de)familiarize readers of design fictions, enrich understanding of design fictions as a research method. We then provide and discuss three design fictions in the forms of poetry and flash fiction, which fictionalize anthropomorphism in AI and AI explainability, AI assistants and AI privacy, and the relationship between AI and human autonomy. This paper makes two contributions: 1) a poetics-based framework that broadens current understandings of written design fictions and 2) three design fictions that speculate on the future of human-AI interaction.
Experiential intervention in design fiction has been an effective approach to stimulating imagination through visual or textual materials. However, the potential of design fiction to create auditory experiences that encourage listeners to immerse themselves in imagined worlds remains largely unexplored. This paper introduces Soundscape Fiction, a four-layer audio composition for stimulating experiential imagination. We explored its temporal form through audio mixing, framed a design space for each layer using a tangible Soundscape Mixer, and developed research artifacts called Quartet Tubes to enable users to incorporate Soundscape Fiction into their daily lives. We present participants’ experiences of using Quartet Tubes in everyday settings, demonstrating how situated listening, as a form of speculative engagement, can shape personal realities. The research contributes to the experience-centered approach of practical design fiction by illustrating a research-through-design process for creating imaginative auditory experiences. It concludes with design considerations for future exploration of experiential intervention in auditory imagination.
This is the translation in Farsi of the chapter "Gaming Futures Literacy: The Thing From the Future" from the collection "Transforming the Future" edited by Riel Miller and originally published by Routledge and UNESCO. Translation team: Reza Dehnavi; Atousa Poursheikhali; Somaye Nuri Hekmat; Ali Masoud; Pardis Pourshikhali. The full book in Farsi: <researchgate.net/publication/386175518>. This piece in English: <researchgate.net/publication/312016855>.
Purpose
The study explores the connection between foresight and Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods in a community within an environment of social instability in Colombia. It aims to contribute to research on aligning these methods for future-shaping, with the goal of enhancing shared governance, peer learning and collective learning among traditional decision-makers and local communities in emerging countries. The study seeks to foster a community of social actors who are likely to engage constructively in strategic dialogues. To enhancing shared governance and learning a hybrid model is synthesized, combining foresight and computational intelligence.
Design/methodology/approach
The case study explores the integration of computational intelligence and foresight through Gaston Bachelard's (Bachelard, 1936) phenomenology concept of ante-perception. The mathematical representation of the cone of scenarios provides a structured way to explore multiple future pathways, allowing communities to visualize and compare different trajectories and make informed decisions amid uncertainty. The model facilitates critical reflections on present assumptions, deepening insights into future scenarios. Ante-perception challenges traditional approaches to foresight by encouraging a break from established experiences, allowing for novel insights into possible futures. When enriched by computational intelligence, this reflective process is further strengthened by quantitative approach scenario modeling.
Findings
This research develops and tests a proposal that includes the logic and methods for constructing a mathematical representation of the cone of scenarios. This process, which is interactive and deliberative, is driven by anticipation and combines qualitative and quantitative approaches within a context of high uncertainty. By combining the critical reflection facilitated by ante-perception with the predictive power of computational intelligence, the model allows communities to transcend established thought patterns and explore innovative future possibilities. This integrative approach helps them envision and work toward social self-transformation.
Research limitations/implications
The article aims to identify the creation of scenarios in contexts of high uncertainty, to respond to the needs of communities in emerging countries to manage change.
Practical implications
This article explores a novel approach to using foresight for address collective intelligence by developing a shared future vision in high-uncertainty contexts within local communities in emerging countries. The application of the hybrid model demonstrates that foresight is a key innovative social tool for developing long-term strategic reflection and planning for territories.
Social implications
In developing long-term reflective processes, explaining phenomena, mechanisms and correlations requires the use of value judgments. This set of value judgments requires a representation that facilitates their treatment, helps to account for their behavior during the inference process to form a shared future vision. Consequently, ensuring the recognition of the opinions of local communities through participatory discussion spaces and their subsequent refinement, from a technical perspective, aims to illustrate the development of this social construction process. While similarities exist, differences add value through a transfer process, often subconscious. This process stimulates collective learning and builds capacities as knowledge is developed through inquiry, evaluation, interpretation and generalization.
Originality/value
This research provides a unique hybrid model that fosters collective learning and engagement by integrating local community perspectives with advanced computational intelligence methods. By facilitating both reflective and quantitative approach future-shaping, it offers a practical framework for addressing uncertainty while empowering communities to shape their own futures. It underscores the importance of recognizing local community views through bottom-up participatory discussions, thereby widening the stakeholder community to active engagement in addressing broader societal issues. The case study focuses on community collaboration in Puerto Gaitán, a Colombian municipality.
With the increase of Internet of Things devices in home environments, data will become an even more dominant part of people's everyday lives. The invisibility of data leads us to rely on our imagination to make sense of them, yet this imagination is heavily shaped by a technocentric lens that views data as neutral and transparent. In response, in this article we present the Data Epics project, where we commissioned seven fiction writers to write short stories based on smart home device data provided by seven households. We offer an analysis of the writers and households’ experiences with the project, presenting seven ways in which data imaginaries are made and unmade. We contribute a reflection around how making new data imaginaries unmakes common ones, the friction in unmaking certain imaginaries, and how we might further disseminate alternative data imaginaries.
This study describes projective provotype design, a novel method for design research which helps address the shortfall between bottom-up, community-centred approaches and the top-down, technology-centred approaches typical of smart city design. As such, projective provotype design utilises the unique knowledge tradition of human-centred design to generate a neighbourhood community’s preferences for their smart urban futures and, subsequently, communicates these preferences to a design audience in a manner that is informative, thought provoking and if necessary capable of challenging existing assumptions. Towards this outcome, the study utlises the method of design ethnography to outline key theoretical concerns that impacted the design of the method. This outline is followed by a reflective narrative attesting to the relevance of the method in the applied contexts of co-design project with community members of Westbury, an urban neighbourhood in Johannesburg, South Africa. While the unique method of projective provotype design suggests a robust strategy for the design of smart urban places, responding to the theme of ‘ways of living together’ the study further suggest how projective provotype design, and design research methods with similar intentions, provide an alternative role for human-centred design; one that bypasses the limitation of human-centred design current emphasis on users, and product development to instead focus on communities and futures research.
Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag in der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ stellt die interdisziplinäre Erarbeitung von Zukunftsszenarien und Transformationspfaden durch Visualisierungsmethoden dar – dem Research through Design Backcasting. Nachhaltigkeitstransformationen als komplexe Systemtransformationen sind für Unternehmen und Organisationen schwer greifbar. Die systemische Komplexität erschwert die Transformation hin zu einer nachhaltigeren Zukunft. Die Zukünfteforschung stellt eine Möglichkeit dar, Änderungen im System zu verstehen und Transformationspfade abzuleiten. In der methodenreichen Zukünfteforschung und insbesondere im Bereich des angewendeten Backcasting-Prozesses existieren diverse Leitfäden. Für interdisziplinäre Forschungskontexte wird der methodische Einsatz von (Zukunfts‑)Modellen zur Darstellung und Erlebbarmachung von Zukünften und Transformationspfaden noch wenig expliziert. Um diesem Mangel zu begegnen, dient dieser Beitrag zum einen der Einführung des Backcasting-Prozesses in Kombination mit dem Research through Design-Ansatz; zur Erstellung von Entwicklungspfaden zur Transformation in nachhaltigere Zukünfte und zum anderen der Darlegung eines konkreten Fallbeispiels zur Veranschaulichung. Der systematische Forschungsprozess zum Thema „Elektrifizierung der Landwirtschaft im Jahr 2045“ wird schrittweise – vom Projektstart bis zur Entwicklung eines Nachschlagewerkes, inklusive Zielbildern und Transformationspfaden – mit den angewendeten Methoden (u. a. Graphic Recording und Workshops) aufgezeigt und graphisch veranschaulicht. Die Kombination des visualisierungs- und objektgestützen Backcastings erwies sich als vielversprechende Methodik, um das Systemverständnis zu stärken, um die Diskursfähigkeit über nachhaltigere Zukünfte zu erleichtern und um einen kommunizierbaren Output über ein komplexes Zukunftsmodell in Form von Transformationspfaden zu generieren. Auf Basis dessen können Komplexität reduziert sowie Maßnahmen zur Erreichung von nachhaltigeren Zukünften extrahiert und evaluiert werden. Allerdings erfordert das Research through Design-Backcasting eine ständige Neubewertung der Transformation und einen stetigen Abgleich der entstehenden Zukunftsbilder im Forschungsteam. Somit werden eine enge Zusammenarbeit und damit ein zeitlich wie materiell ressourcenintensiver Einsatz erforderlich, der sich aber lohnt, wie wir in dieser Arbeit zeigen.
As work is shifting and changing, we, CSCW researchers, must consider our role in creating work futures, and what experiences we want to produce through technology design. What qualities are important to consider about the human experience when designing work technologies for the future? Exploring the potentials of artistic practices for epistemological inquiry, we demonstrate Research through Art as a novel futuring approach for CSCW research, leveraging the power of artistic practice for exploring questions of human experience. We engaged with young artists who created art pieces that manifested their hopes, intuitions, and anxieties on the future of work. Our analytical inquiry of these artistic practices allowed us to explore what different futures might be imaginable and what might these futures feel like. We find that futuring entails engaging with ambiguities, which can be a productive resource for design. We identified the ambiguities of time, purpose, body, identity, and agency as foundational for the imaginaries produced by the artists. By intersecting the ambiguities, we can begin to systematically frame novel design questions for CSCW technologies of the future by conceptualizing these ambiguities as multifinalities – single points from which many possibilities emerge.
An experiential futures / design fiction brief for teachers and students of art, design, and foresight to create an experience or artifact from the future.
The futures field demonstrates a willing openness in embracing methodologies, approaches, and influences from a diversity of disciplines and perspectives. This plurality of practice is evidenced in a growing body of work that increasingly embodies futures thinking in the design of everyday material and networked experiences. The intersection of design and futures produces artifacts, applications and interactions created to provoke dialogue in an accessible manner. As part of the Futures special issue on the Emerge: Artists and Scientists Redesign the Future event, this article describes the documentation and public representation of the creative outcomes from nine Emerge design futures workshops. These workshops provided a rich opportunity to study how designers and futurists collaboratively engage, implement and communicate alternative futures. The goal of the documentation effort described is to capture the experience of creating experiential futures and extend the capacity for developing social foresight through a participatory exhibit and online social platform.
With its soaring azure sky and stark landscapes, the American Southwest is one of the most hauntingly beautiful regions on earth. Yet staggering population growth, combined with the intensifying effects of climate change, is driving the oasis-based society close to the brink of a Dust-Bowl-scale catastrophe. In A Great Aridness, William deBuys paints a compelling picture of what the Southwest might look like when the heat turns up and the water runs out. This semi-arid land, vulnerable to water shortages, rising temperatures, wildfires, and a host of other environmental challenges, is poised to bear the heaviest consequences of global environmental change in the United States. Examining interrelated factors such as vanishing wildlife, forest die backs, and the over-allocation of the already stressed Colorado River--upon which nearly 30 million people depend--the author narrates the landscape's history--and future. He tells the inspiring stories of the climatologists and others who are helping untangle the complex, interlocking causes and effects of global warming. And while the fate of this region may seem at first blush to be of merely local interest, what happens in the Southwest, deBuys suggests, will provide a glimpse of what other mid-latitude arid lands worldwide--the Mediterranean Basin, southern Africa, and the Middle East--will experience in the coming years. Written with an elegance that recalls the prose of John McPhee and Wallace Stegner, A Great Aridness offers an unflinching look at the dramatic effects of climate change occurring right now in our own backyard.
In the prehispanic Southwest, Pueblo Grande was the site of the largest platform mound in the Phoenix basin and the most politically prominent village in the region. It has long been held to represent the apex of Hohokam culture that designates the Classic period. New data from major excavations in Phoenix, however, suggest that little was "classic" about the Classic period at Pueblo Grande. These findings challenge views of Hohokam society that prevailed for most of the twentieth century, suggesting that for Pueblo Grande it was a time of decline rather than prosperity, a time marked by overpopulation, environmental degradation, resource shortage, poor health, and social disintegration. During this period, the Hohokam in the lower Salt River Valley began a precipitous slide toward the eventual abandonment of a homeland that they had occupied for more than one thousand years. This volume is a long-awaited summary of one of the most important data-recovery projects in Southwest archaeology, synthesizing thousands of pages of data and text published in seven volumes of contract reports. The authors-all leading authorities in Hohokam archaeology who played primary roles in this revolution of understanding-here craft a compelling argument for the eventual collapse of Hohokam society in the late fourteenth century as seen from one of the largest and seemingly most influential irrigation communities along the lower Salt River. Drawing on extremely large and well-preserved collections, the book reveals startling evidence of a society in decline as reflected in catchment analysis, archaeofaunal assemblage composition, skeletal studies, burial assemblages, artifact exchange, and ceramic production. The volume also includes a valuable new summary of the archival reconstruction of the architectural sequence for the Pueblo Grande platform mound. With its wealth of data, interpretation, and synthesis, Centuries of Decline represents a milestone in our understanding of Hohokam culture. It is a key reference for Southwest archaeologists who seek to understand the Hohokam collapse and a benchmark for anyone interested in the prehistory of Arizona. © 2003 The Arizona Board of Regents. First printing. All rights reserved.
By the Time I Got to Phoenix 1. Gambling at the Water Table 2. The Road Runner's Appetite 3. The Battle for Downtown I-Artists Step Up II-Who Can Afford the Green City? 4. Living Downstream 5. The Sun Always Rises 6. Viva Los Suns 7. Land for the Free 8. Delivering the Good
Today designers often focus on making technology easy to use, sexy, and consumable. In "Speculative Everything," Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby propose a kind of design that is used as a tool to create not only things but ideas. For them, design is a means of speculating about how things could be -- to imagine possible futures. This is not the usual sort of predicting or forecasting, spotting trends and extrapolating; these kinds of predictions have been proven wrong, again and again. Instead, Dunne and Raby pose "what if" questions that are intended to open debate and discussion about the kind of future people want (and do not want). "Speculative Everything" offers a tour through an emerging cultural landscape of design ideas, ideals, and approaches. Dunne and Raby cite examples from their own design and teaching and from other projects from fine art, design, architecture, cinema, and photography. They also draw on futurology, political theory, the philosophy of technology, and literary fiction. They show us, for example, ideas for a solar kitchen restaurant; a flypaper robotic clock; a menstruation machine; a cloud-seeding truck; a phantom-limb sensation recorder; and devices for food foraging that use the tools of synthetic biology. Dunne and Raby contend that if we speculate more -- about everything -- reality will become more malleable. The ideas freed by speculative design increase the odds of achieving desirable futures. © 2013 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved.
The ruined cities, temples, and statues of history's great, vanished societies (Easter Island, Anasazi, the Lowland Maya, Angkor Wat, Great Zimbabwe and many more) are the birthplace of endless romantic mysteries. But these disappearances offer more than idle conjecture: the social collapses were due in part to the types of environmental problems that beset us today.
Yet many societies facing similar problems do not collapse. What makes certain societies especially vulnerable? Why didn't their leaders perceive and solve their environmental problems? What can we learn from their fates, and what can we do differently today to help us avoid their fates?
Many ancient civilizations in the Americas developed water technologies during the same times that water technology was advancing
in other parts of the world. This chapter will address water technologies of societies of the pre-Columbian empires in the
southwestern United States, Mesoamerica, and the Inca in South America. These locations are shown in Fig. 9.1. In the southwestern
U.S. we will discuss water technologies of the Hohokam and the Anasazi. In Mesoamerica we will discuss the water technologies
of the Teotihuacan, the Chaco Anasazi, the Xochicalco, the Maya and the Aztec. Finally the Inca water systems of Machu Picchu,
Tipon, Pisac, Tambo Machay and Puca Pucara are discussed. For further reading on the failure of some of these ancient civilizations,
Mays (2007a, b) discusses the water sustainability of ancient civilizations in Mesoamerica and the American Southwest.
Futures study is not yet well established at the social level. Given the unstable conditions of the late 20th century, and the challenging outlook of the early 21st, this is a serious oversight. The article considers how futures studies can be progressively developed through five distinct layers, or levels. First is the natural capacity of the human brain/mind system to envisage a range of futures. Second, is the clarifying, enlivening and motivating role of futures concepts and ideas. Third are analytic gains provided by futures tools and methods. Fourth are a range of practical and intellectual applications, or contexts. When each of these levels functions in a coordinated way, grounds for the emergence of futures studies at the social level can clearly be seen. The article concludes with a brief summary of a preferred future which would arguably be within reach if futures studies were to progress along such a path from individual to social capacity.
The Smith & Hawken story: the process of scenario-building -- The scenario-building animal -- Uncovering the decision -- Information-Hunting and -Gathering -- Creating scenario building blocks -- Anatomy of a new driving force: the Global Teenager -- Composing a plot -- The world in 2005: three scenarios -- Rehearsing the future -- Epilogue: to my newborn son -- Afterword: the value of a strategic conversation -- Appendix: steps to developing scenarios -- Endnotes -- Scenario planning: select biography
Total recall. United States: Columbia Pictures
- P Verhoeven
Verhoeven, P. (1990). Total recall. United States: Columbia Pictures [motion picture] (Director).
Design fiction: props, prototypes, predicaments communicating new ideas
- J Bleecker
Bleecker, J., et al. (2010). Design fiction: props, prototypes, predicaments communicating new ideas [podcast]. Wired.. http://www.wired.com/2010/03/
design-fiction-at-sxsw-interactive-2010-the-podcast/.
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Political Science
- S Candy
Candy, S. (2010). The futures of everyday life. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Political Science.. (doctoral dissertation) http://www.scribd.com/
doc/68901075/Candy-2010-The-Futures-of-Everyday-Life.
Retrieved from http://parsonscharlesworth.com/New-Survivalism-Alternative-Bug-Out-Bags
- T Parsons
- J Charlesworth
Parsons, T., & Charlesworth, J. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://parsonscharlesworth.com/New-Survivalism-Alternative-Bug-Out-Bags.
Just design: being dogmatic about defining speculative critical design future fiction
- C Tonkinwise
Tonkinwise, C. (2015). Just design: being dogmatic about defining speculative critical design future fiction.. https://medium.com/@camerontw/just-design-b1f97cb3996f.
Memoriam. The Sceptical Futuryst
- S Candy
Candy, S. (2008). Memoriam. The Sceptical Futuryst.. (blog post) http://futuryst.blogspot.com/2008/09/in-memoriam.html.
Futurists set up fake scenario
- N Wu
Wu, N. (2007). Futurists set up fake scenario. Honolulu star-Bulletin.. http://archives.starbulletin.com/2007/10/21/business/story01.html#jump.
Map of prehistoric irrigation canals
- O A Turney
Turney, O. A. (1929). Map of prehistoric irrigation canals [map].. http://arizonaexperience.org/remember/hohokam-canals-prehistoric-engineering.
Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts Retrieved from http
- Arizona State
- University
Arizona State University (n.d.). Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts. Retrieved from http://herbergerinstitute.asu.edu/institute/initiatives/emerge/
workshops.php.
The thing from the future The APF methods anthologyLondon
- S Candy
Candy, S. (2015). The thing from the future. In A. Curry (Ed.), The APF methods anthologyLondon: Association of Professional Futurists.
Patently untrue: fleshy defibrillators and synchronised baseball are changing the future
- B Sterling
Sterling, B. (2013). Patently untrue: fleshy defibrillators and synchronised baseball are changing the future. Wired.co.uk.. http://www.wired.co.uk/
magazine/archive/2013/10/play/patently-untrue.
The unthinkable and the unimaginable: why futures and design are getting married
- S Candy
Candy, S. (2009). The unthinkable and the unimaginable: why futures and design are getting married. The Sceptical Futuryst.. (blog post/video file) http://
futuryst.blogspot.com/2009/11/unthinkable-and-unimaginable.html.
History. Retrieved from http
- Phoenix City
City of Phoenix (n.d.). History. Retrieved from http://phoenix.gov/citygovernment/facts/history/.
Sci-Fi writer bruce sterling explains the intriguing new concept of design fiction
- T Bosch
Bosch, T. (2012). Sci-Fi writer bruce sterling explains the intriguing new concept of design fiction.. http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/03/02/
bruce_sterling_on_design_fictions_.html.
Questioning the critical in speculative & critical design
- L Prado
- P Oliveira
Prado, L., & Oliveira, P. (2014). Questioning the critical in speculative & critical design.. https://medium.com/a-parede/questioning-the-critical-in-speculativecritical-design-5a355cac2ca4.
Hacking the earth: understanding the consequences of geoengineering
- J Cascio
Cascio, J. (2009). Hacking the earth: understanding the consequences of geoengineering. (published on Lulu.com).
City of Phoenix (n.d.). History. Retrieved from http://phoenix.gov/citygovernment/facts/history/.
Design Fiction: a short essay on design fact and fiction
- J Bleecker
Bleecker, J. (2009). Design Fiction: a short essay on design fact and fiction. Los Angeles: Near Future Laboratory. http://drbfw5wfjlxon.cloudfront.net/writing/
DesignFiction_WebEdition.pdf.
Urban projections. Honolulu advertiser
- D A M Goldberg
Goldberg, D. A. M. (2007). Urban projections. Honolulu advertiser.. http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2007/Nov/04/il/hawaii711040313.html.
Design interactions show 2010: introduction
- A Dunne
Dunne, A. (2010). Design interactions show 2010: introduction.. http://www.di10. rca.ac.uk/introduction.html.
Hawaii [blog post]. Open the future
- J Cascio
Cascio, J. (2006). Hawaii [blog post]. Open the future.. http://www.openthefuture.com/2006/08/hawaii_2050.html.
Sunny (or spooky) greetings from your future! Honolulu Advertiser
- L Griffith
Griffith, L. (2007). Sunny (or spooky) greetings from your future! Honolulu Advertiser.. http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2007/May/27/il/
FP705270317.html.
The long zoom. New York times magazine
- S Johnson
Johnson, S. (2006). The long zoom. New York times magazine.. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/magazine/08games.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
Sasha pohflepp-the golden institute... (video file) https
- S Pohflepp
Pohflepp, S. (2009). Sasha pohflepp-the golden institute... (video file) https://vimeo.com/5374642.
Retrieved from http://visitsteve.com/made/the-ny-times-special-edition
- S Lambert
Lambert, S. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://visitsteve.com/made/the-ny-times-special-edition/.
Coral cross: ARG about pandemic flu. Boing boing
- D Pescovitz
Pescovitz, D. (2009). Coral cross: ARG about pandemic flu. Boing boing.. http://boingboing.net/2009/05/21/coral-cross-Arg-abou.html.
Retrieved from http://www.well.com/conf/inkwell
- B Sterling
Sterling B. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.well.com/conf/inkwell.vue/topics/473/Bruce-Sterling-and-Jon-Lebkowsky-page01.html.
Republic of salivation (Michael Burton and Michiko Nitta)
- J Thackara
Thackara, J. (2013). Republic of salivation (Michael Burton and Michiko Nitta)..