I would like to thank the members of the Harriet Beecher Stowe Society, Steven Knepper, and especially Stephen Railton for their comments and suggestions about earlier versions of this essay.
1. Harriet Beecher Stowe, "Let Every Man Mind His Own Business," in The Mayflower; or, Sketches of Scenes and Characters among the Descendents of the Pilgrims (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1843), 113
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2. Carol Mattingly, Well-Tempered Women: Nineteenth-Century Temperance Rhetoric (Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1998), 6, and John Frick, Theater, Culture and Temperance Reform in Nineteenth-Century America (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003), 1.
3. Jack S. Blocker, American Temperance Movements: Cycles of Reform (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1989), 41, and Ian Tyrell, "Women and Temperance in Antebellum America," Civil War History 28 (1982), 132.
4. See Stephen Railton, "Online Commentary," in Uncle Tom's Cabin and American Culture: A Multi-Media Archive, ed. Stephen Railton (Charlottesville: Univ. of Virginia, 2005) <www.iath.virginia.edu/utc/>. I will refer to Railton's archive frequently here, and will hereafter cite it as UTCAC. Interestingly, Aiken was approached to write Uncle Tom's Cabin by the Howards, whose daughter Cordelia was acting the role of the drunkard's daughter, Julia, in The Drunkard; she later became the first child to assume the role of Eva St. Clare in Aiken's smash hit.
5. Mattingly, Tempered, 127, 24.
6. William H. Smith, The Drunkard; or, the Fallen Saved: A Moral Domestic Drama in Five Acts (New York: Wm. Taylor and Co., 1850), UTCAC <www.iath.virginia.edu/utc/sentimnt/drunkardhp.html>; T. S. Arthur, "The Drunkard's Wife," in Temperance Tales: Or, Six Nights with the Washingtonians, Vol. 2 (Philadelphia: Leary & Getz, 1848); Carolyn Lee Whiting Hentz, "The Drunkard's Daughter," in Water Drops from Women Writers: A Temperance Reader, ed. Carol Mattingly (Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 2001), 94.
7. Nicholas O. Warner, "Temperance, Morality, and Medicine in the Fiction of Harriet Beecher Stowe," in The Serpent in the Cup: Temperance in American Literature, ed. David S. Reynolds and Debra J. Rosenthal (Amherst: Univ. of Massachusetts Press, 1997), 141.
8. Amanda Claybaugh, The Novel of Purpose: Literature and Social Reform in the Anglo-American World (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press, 2007), 47.
9. The plot I describe is quite similar to what Claybaugh calls the "plot of doubled promises" (94) which she identifies almost exclusively with temperance fiction written by women. She makes a convincing case for the predominance of women writers among those who penned redemptive temperance stories, but as two of the major temperance authors I treat here, T. S. Arthur and William H. Smith, are men, I will use "domestic temperance" where Claybaugh often uses "women's temperance."
10. T. S. Arthur, "The Drunkard's Wife," 7.
11. Hentz, 94.
12. Arthur, 15-16.
13. Smith, 35.
14. Smith, v.
15. Michael R. Booth, "The Drunkard's Progress: Nineteenth-Century Temperance Drama," Dalhousie Review (1999), 211.
16. Booth, 207.
17. Jane P. Tompkins, "Sentimental Power: Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Politics of Literary History," Glyph 8 (1981), 87.
18. Warner, 143.
19. Warner, 143 and Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1998), 241; hereafter cited parenthetically.
20. Frick, 16.
21. Stowe, Tom, 76, and Anonymous, "Eddie Harold," tract (National Temperance Society, ca. 1870), Alcohol, Temperance, and Prohibition archive, Brown University <http://pike.services.brown.edu/repository/repoman.php?verb=render&id=1090959217922875>.
22. Frick, 6.
23. Reynolds, 38.
24. Even Caroline Lee Hentz, author of "The Drunkard's Daughter" above, wrote her own response to Mrs. Stowe: The Planter's Northern Bride (Philadelphia: T. B. Peterson, 1854), UTCAC <http://www.iath.virginia.edu/utc/proslav/hentzhp.html>.
25. Railton, "Online Commentary."
26. Vidi, Mr. Frank, the Underground Mail-Agent (Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co., 1853), 47, 49, UTCAC <http://www.iath.virginia.edu/utc/proslav/vidihp.html>; hereafter cited parenthetically.
27. This coupling of work and the site of drinking recalls Stowe's placement of Haley, Loker, and Marks in a tavern as they discuss their sordid business.
28. W. L...