Conference PaperPDF Available

Growth and Development – Complement or Contradiction? Challenges for a Global Agenda

  • May 2016
DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.1896.7925
  • Conference: Shanghai Forum.
  • At: Shanghai
  • Volume: China and Latin America. The Development Partnership of Trans-Pacific
Authors:
Peter Herrmann at Central South University
Peter Herrmann
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Abstract

For a long time, the Rostowian model, indentifying development with economic growth, was not fundamentally questioned. Even its critiques were more concerned with asking to leave choices of ways of development to countries, without contesting the objectives and the character of capitalist growth as such. Taking this paradigm as general reference point, the discussion today needs to be refocused, developing a specific perspective by asking if the supposed identification of development and growth is justifiable. Instead of taking up on the crucially important debate on Capabilities, Human Development and Social Quality, the focus is at present on the question if and in which way the mode of production itself changed, allowing the emergence of a new understanding of development. The focus is on five tensions, each of them also proposing new potentials. Namely it is about the overproduction of goods and the turn of goods into ‘bads’; societal abundance versus inequality of access; abundance of knowledge and its misdirection towards skills; the individualisation of problems and their emergence as societal threat and the complexity of government and the limited scope of governance.
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distinction between two different kinds of market-based economic
development. One kind occurs within a given social framework; it
exploits the hidden potential of that framework for economic
growth, but it does not alter the framework itself in any fundamental
way. Fundamental changes in the social framework capable of
increasing or reducing the potential for economic growth may
occur. But they originate in processes and actions of a non-
economic nature rather than from within the process of economic
growth. …
The second kind of market-based economic development, in
contrast, is one that tends to destroy the social framework within
which it occurs and to create the conditions (not necessarily
realized) for the emergence of new social frameworks with a
different growth potential. …, changes originating in processes and
actions of a non-economic nature are secondary or subordinated to
the changes that originate from within the economic process.
(Arrighi, Giovanni, 2007: Adam smith in Beijing. Lineages of the
twenty-first century; London/New York: Verso: 41)
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The crisis served as a useful natural experiment to test two extreme
models of globalisation that countries had adopted going into the
crisis. These models of globalisation reflected choices about
openness to foreign capital and to exports. The first can be
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described as the ‘foreign finance fetish’ model which relied on
importing a lot of foreign capital, especially financial capital… .
The second model can be described as the ‘export fetish’ or the
mercantilist model, which entailed a reliance on exports as
development strategy assisted by government intervention, for
example through an undervalued exchange rate, and combined with
a curtailment of some forms of foreign financial capital. … .
(Subramanian, Arving, 2010: What Globalisation Strategy?;
http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/arvind-
subramanian-what-globalisation-strategy-110012700076_1.html;
25/05/16)
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• incentivising production away from over-accumulation (e.g.
tax and subsidies)
• shorter working hours/longer holidays/work over the life
cycle/ lowering retirement age/ income in kind (e.g. crèches,
other benefits otherwise offered by the market)/ training as
part of one’s working life (cf flexicurity regime and life-long
learning)
• recognition of “societal work”, for instance as in the French
debate on “sécurité d’emploi ou de formation”[.],
• launching a policy of fiscal stimulus as European strategy that
fosters investment,
• de-centralisation and development of local and regional
potentials,
• fostering a policy of sustainable global equity rather than
competitive growth.
(Herrmann, Peter, Frangakis, Marica, 2014: The need for a radical
‘growth policy’ agenda for Europe at a time of crisis; in: Dymarski,
Wlodzimierz/Marica Frangakis/Leaman, Jeremy: The Deepening
Crisis of the European Union: The Case for Radical Change;
Poznań: Poznań University of Economics Press: 179-194; here:
184 f.)
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A Shared Society is one where every resident feels at home and able
to play a full part in the society. Empowerment enhances the
potential for participation and public engagement. A shared and
empowered society is more sustainable, both in the sense that it is
likely to be more stable and prosperous but also because it is more
likely to be environmentally sensitive as its members are aware of
the impact of their actions on their local environment and resist
efforts to exploit the environment for short-term gain. Of course,
that depends on the community being aware of the impact of its
actions and willing to act responsibly. But public involvement adds
extra levels of checks and balances, and in a Shared Society, where
everyone is encouraged to engage and take responsibility, it is
easier to raise awareness of important issues.
(McCartney, Clem, 2015: The Post-2015 World – Implications for
Social Development; in: ICSW, October 2015: Global Cooperation
Newsletter; New York; 1-7; here: 5f. )
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