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Effects of Turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) on Skin Health: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence: Effects of Curcuma longa on Skin Health
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a commonly used spice throughout the world, has been shown to exhibit antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-neoplastic properties. Growing evidence shows that an active component of turmeric, curcumin, may be used medically to treat a variety of dermatologic diseases. This systematic review was conducted to examine the evidence for the use of both topical and ingested turmeric/curcumin to modulate skin health and function. The PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for clinical studies involving humans that examined the relationship between products containing turmeric, curcumin, and skin health. A total of 234 articles were uncovered, and a total of 18 studies met inclusion criteria. Nine studies evaluated the effects of ingestion, eight studies evaluated the effects of topical, and one study evaluated the effects of both ingested and topical application of turmeric/curcumin. Skin conditions examined include acne, alopecia, atopic dermatitis, facial photoaging, oral lichen planus, pruritus, psoriasis, radiodermatitis, and vitiligo. Ten studies noted statistically significant improvement in skin disease severity in the turmeric/curcumin treatment groups compared with control groups. Overall, there is early evidence that turmeric/curcumin products and supplements, both oral and topical, may provide therapeutic benefits for skin health. However, currently published studies are limited and further studies will be essential to better evaluate efficacy and the mechanisms involved.
... This shows that a combination of Turmeric and Beetroot has an additional unique beauty on a subject. No wonder Vaughn et al., (2016) agreed that curcumin mixture with other synthetic and natural products adds beauty to skin health [25]. Figure 7 presented improvement as the daily use of Obeturmeric cream goes when compared with Figure 6. Figure 8 showed a very great improvement from Figure 6 as it is evident that the pimple marks in the form of acne and eczema reduced drastically. ...
... This shows that a combination of Turmeric and Beetroot has an additional unique beauty on a subject. No wonder Vaughn et al., (2016) agreed that curcumin mixture with other synthetic and natural products adds beauty to skin health [25]. Figure 7 presented improvement as the daily use of Obeturmeric cream goes when compared with Figure 6. Figure 8 showed a very great improvement from Figure 6 as it is evident that the pimple marks in the form of acne and eczema reduced drastically. ...
... Figure 7 presented improvement as the daily use of Obeturmeric cream goes when compared with Figure 6. Figure 8 showed a very great improvement from Figure 6 as it is evident that the pimple marks in the form of acne and eczema reduced drastically. This proves the systemic review position of Vaughn et al., (2016) that showed some studies on some creams that contained turmeric where acne was treated and eczema skin improved [25]. ...
... It is well known for its wide range of therapeutic effects like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antiulcer and anticoagulant activities to name a few [7,8]. The literature suggests that oral and topical use of turmeric helps in preventing and treating various skin diseases like premature aging, dermatitis, wounds, inflammation and psoriasis [9]. ...
... A clinical study evaluated the usefulness and efficiency of an herbal gel (Tricutan ® ) which was a combination of gotu kola, rosemary and turmeric on 28 women who were in there 30's. The study revealed that using the herbal gel for four weeks can significantly ameliorate the signs of photoaging and skin firmness [9]. ...
... In another study, 1 g of curcumin when administered orally daily along with piperine for the period of four weeks in 46 patients, symptoms of chronic pruritus induced by sulfur mustard was improved. Due to the curcumin antioxidant properties, the levels and activities of catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase in serum along with levels of markers of inflammation were reduced [9]. ...
Background
Curcumin is a bright colored polyphenolic moiety which is derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa of family Zingiberaceae . Its simple molecular structure, high efficacy, variable therapeutic effects and multidimensional use make it ideal for various treatment regimens.
Main body
It has been used for centuries for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial characteristics which makes it ideal in the determent and treatment of skin inflammation, psoriasis, acne, premature skin aging and skin cancers. It also exhibits antiviral, antiulcer, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, antibacterial, hypocholesteremia and antifungal, benefits making it a perfect multifunctional moiety for treating numerous disorders. Curcumin offers protection against skin damage induced by persistent UVB exposure. Curcumin has substantial therapeutic potentials against various skin conditions like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, wound healing efficiency any many more. It illustrates a multiplicity of important medicinal properties which has a great potential in treating various dermatological diseases.
Conclusion
The study seeks to provide a comprehensive update on curcumin and its exceptional medicinal profile, which can be efficaciously and appropriately utilized in treating skin conditions like psoriasis, acne, dermatitis, scleroderma, skin cancers, skin aging, fungal infections and wounds.
... Based on the literature, curcumin and its derivates can be promising in the treatment of many dermatological diseases [11] thanks to their significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. According to the literature, curcumin can be effective in the treatment of several inflammatory skin diseases, including acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and vitiligo [12]. Numerous clinical trials have shown statistically significant improvements in inflammatory skin disease severity in the curcumin-treated groups compared to the control groups [13][14][15]. ...
... Numerous clinical trials have shown statistically significant improvements in inflammatory skin disease severity in the curcumin-treated groups compared to the control groups [13][14][15]. Based on these above-mentioned findings, there is early evidence that topical formulations containing curcumin may have therapeutic benefits; however, further investigations are needed to evaluate its efficiency and the mechanisms of action [12]. According to several scientific studies, curcumin reduces the production of free radicals and inflammation through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibition [16]. ...
The external use of curcumin is rare, although it can be a valuable active ingredient in the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases. The aim of our experimental work was to formulate topical dosage forms containing curcumin for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Curcumin has extremely poor solubility and bioavailability, so we have tried to increase it with the usage of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Creams and gels were formulated using penetration-enhancing surfactants and gelling agents. The release of the drug from the vehicle and its penetration through the membrane were determined using a Franz diffusion cell. An MTT cytotoxicity and in vitro antioxidant assays were performed on HaCaT cell line. The in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of the preparations was tested by measuring rat paw edema. In addition, we examined the degree of inflammation induced by UV radiation after pretreatment with the cream and the gel on rats. For the gels containing SNEDDS, the highest penetration was measured after half an hour, while for the cream, it took one hour to reach the maximum concentration. The gel containing Pemulen TR-1 showed the highest drug release. It was determined that the curcumin-containing preparations can be safely applied on the skin and have antioxidant effects. The animal experiments have proven the effectiveness of curcumin-containing topical preparations.
... More importantly, curcumin plays important roles in the treatment of allergic diseases, such as passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions and food allergy by suppressing mast cells [5,25,29]. Clinically, curcumin can be used in the therapy of various skin diseases, including acne, hair loss, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, radiation dermatitis, and vitiligo [51]. Curcumin also has antipruritic effects, and can inhibit scratching behavior induced by IgE antigen complex and compound 48/80 [48]. ...
... The mice in the drug treatment group received curcumin at 1 h before the experiment. The dose of curcumin in humans is about 1-6 g/day [51]. Based on the dose conversion between animals and humans [37], and on the literature [1,15,23], the doses used for the mice were 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg (dissolved in saline, intragastric, ig). ...
Background
Curcumin is a diketone compound extracted from the rhizomes of some plants in the Zingiberaceae and Araceae family. It possesses a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. However, the cellular and molecular antipruritic mechanisms of curcumin remain to be explored.
Objective
Our objective was to study the role of curcumin in pruritus and determine whether its antipruritic effect is related to MrgprB2 receptor.
Methods
The effect of curcumin on pruritus in mice was examined by scratching behavior test. The antipruritic mechanism of curcumin was explored by using transgenic mice (MrgprB2−/− mice, MrgprB2CreTd/tomato mice), histological analysis, western blot and immunofluorescence. In addition, the relationship between curcumin and MrgprB2/X2 receptor was studied in vitro by using calcium imaging, plasmid transfection and molecular docking
Results
In the current study, we found that curcumin had obvious antipruritic effect. Its antipruritic effect was related to the regulation of MrgprB2 receptor activation and mast cells tryptase release. In vitro, mouse peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80 could be inhibited by curcumin. In addition, curcumin was also found to suppress the calcium flux in MrgprX2 or MrgprB2-overexpression HEK cells induced by compound 48/80, substance P, and PAMP 9-20, displaying the specific relation with the MrgprB2/X2 receptor. Moreover, molecular docking results showed that curcumin had affinity to MrgprX2 protein.
Conclusions
Overall, these results indicated that curcumin has the potential to treat pruritus induced by mast cell MrgprB2 receptor.
... A systematic review showed that there is evidence that oral or topical use of curcumin can therapeutically benefit skin health [41]. An in vivo study using mice showed that oral curcumin reduced acute and chronic toxicity through the downregulation of inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines in irradiated skin and muscle [42]. ...
... In human clinical trials, results show that although oral curcuminoids can alleviate RD, there was no significant reduction in this toxicity [11,35]. In contrast, it effectively reduces the severity of RD and moist desquamation [34,41,43]. ...
Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral supplementation as a radioprotective intervention in the management of radiation dermatitis (RD).
Methods
Systematic review and meta-analysis. Six databases and the gray literature were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Meta-analysis was performed only with studies that evaluated the same intervention. Methodology of included studies was evaluated by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0), and the certainty of evidence was assessed by the GRADE instrument.
Results
Seventeen RCTs were included in this review. These evaluated different types of oral supplementations. Findings from three meta-analyses demonstrated no significant benefits to the more severe grades of RD, as oral curcuminoids (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.29; P = 0.19; I² = 88%), glutamine (RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.15 to 1.03; P = 0.06; I² = 78%) or Wobe-Mugos (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.14; P = 0.11; I² = 72%). Also, the certainty of the evidence of outcomes evaluated was moderate or low. Except for a few gastrointestinal adverse events, oral supplementation was well tolerated.
Conclusion
Most oral supplements cannot yet be recommended to manage RD due to insufficient or conflicting evidence. However, despite no significant results, glutamine was shown to be a promising substance in terms of the potential radioprotective effect and may be well tolerated. These results suggest that more RCTs with larger samples are needed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of glutamine in the management of RD.
... Curcumin (an active phytochemical in Turmeric) has shown promise in effectively reducing lipid levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Also, it is said to be cardioprotective because it can reduce C-reactive protein levels [27] . In China, elemene, a compound obtained from Turmeric, has been approved for cancer treatment [23] . ...
... Primordial and current medicinal practices in India utilize Turmeric to treat jaundice, rheumatism, cough and several disorders [33] . Emphasizing curcumin's maximal ethnomedicinal efficiency in India, Vaughn [27] reported its use in treating obesity and inflammation. In Pakistan, powdered C. longa extract is used in curing pimples and wounds [34] . ...
Introduction: Curcuma longa, popularly known as Turmeric, is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant used in folk medicine for the treatment, prevention, and management of various illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, Arthritis, diarrhoea, inflammation, psoriasis, hepatobiliary diseases, gastric and peptic ulcers. Results: This study reviewed the ethnomedicinal potentials, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of C. longa. In vitro and in vivo studies reported that C. longa and its major bioactive constituent (curcumin) possess various pharmacological properties. These include; anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-osteoarthritis, antidiarrheal, cardioprotective, anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-microbial, renoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. This review demonstrated that the various pharmacological activities of C. longa might be attributed to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds. However, these varying potentials have not been effectively analysed for optimal application in developing new therapies. Also, the applicability and mode of action of the different bioactive compounds found in C. longa have not been fully exploited. Conclusion: This study showed that C. longa could be exploited by pharmaceutical industries to develop pharmaceutical products. However, there is a need for human clinical trials and quality control studies to establish effective and safe doses of C. longa and its major bioactive constituent-curcumin suitable for treating several diseases.
... • Few adverse events have been repor ted in the literature [8][9][10]12,13 . Some evidence indicates curcumin can increase oxalate levels in the kidneys, contributing to development of kidney stones 11 . ...
... • Curcumin has low bioavailability, which means it is poorly absorbed and used by the body 8,10,12,13 and excreted rapidly 8,16 . Ongoing research is attempting to develop delivery mechanisms (e.g., encapsulation within nanoparticle carriers and developing water-soluble formulations) that will increase its clinical utility 10,16 . ...
... Curcumin is an active compound found in turmeric, which is a common spice that has been used for centuries in cooking and traditional Chinese medicine [21]. Turmeric has an abundance of oral data showcasing an anti-inflammatory effect which has sparked interest in its research [21]. ...
... Curcumin is an active compound found in turmeric, which is a common spice that has been used for centuries in cooking and traditional Chinese medicine [21]. Turmeric has an abundance of oral data showcasing an anti-inflammatory effect which has sparked interest in its research [21]. Little data evaluating topical turmeric as an anti-inflammatory exists. ...
... This powerful medicinal plant has long been used in China and utilized in traditional Chinese medicines to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis [11]. Furthermore, it is primarily employed in western herbalism [12] as an anti-in ammatory agent. [13] con rmed the potential of CL as a therapeutic modality in in ammatory bowel disease due to the phytochemicals it contains. ...
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a complex inflammatory bowel disease with a global impact on healthcare systems. This study explores potential therapeutic strategies against CD, focusing on inhibiting propanediol dehydratase (PduC), an enzyme linked to intestinal inflammation. In silico homology modeling was employed to predict the tertiary structure of PduC, and subsequent molecular docking with 182 phytochemicals from Curcuma longa (CL) was performed. The docking results revealed seven active compounds with superior binding affinities compared to azathioprine, a standard CD treatment. These compounds, including cyclocurcumin, curcumin, and demethoxycurcumin, exhibited strong anti-inflammatory properties through modulation of inflammatory molecules in the body. ADMET evaluation indicated their potential as drug candidates, demonstrating favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, the compounds displayed interactions with amino acid residues in PduC’s active site, essential for inhibitory action. The study emphasizes the need for further in vitro , in vivo , and clinical trials to validate CL compounds’ effectiveness against CD. Although the findings provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for CD, more extensive investigations are necessary to confirm the compounds’ inhibitory potential and pave the way for the development of novel drugs for CD management.
... Curcumin has two stable enol and keto tautomer forms, the enol form being more energetically stable (Kawano et al. 2013). It has a broad-spectrum of pharmacological activities (Heshmati et al. 2021, Vaughn et al. 2016, Ortega and Campos 2019, Saiz de Cos and Pérez-Urria Carril 2015, Reeta and Kalia 2022, Hassanzadeh et al. 2020b, Mohajeri and Sahebkar 2018, Mokhtari-Zaer et al. 2018, Soltani et al. 2021, Sahebkar 2010, Momtazi and Sahebkar 2016. It was also revealed that this herbal medicine increases gastric acid secretion (Reeta and Kalia 2022). ...
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a herbal remedy which possesses numerous biological attributes including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. Curcumin has been shown to impact a number of signaling pathways including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-KB), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Wingless/Integrated (Wnt), Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and transcription (JAK/STAT). P38 belongs to the MAPKs, is known as a stress-activated MAPK and is involved in diverse biological responses. P38 is activated in various signaling cascades. P38 plays a role in inflammation, cell differentiation, proliferation, motility and survival. This cascade can serve as a therapeutic target in many disorders. Extensive evidence confirms that curcumin impacts the P38 MAPK signaling pathway, through which it exerts anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and apoptotic effects. Hence, curcumin can positively affect inflammatory disorders and cancers, as well as to increase glucose uptake in cells. This review discusses the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of curcumin as effected through p38 MAPK.
... Guggulu (Commiphora wightii) gum resin has been used in Ayurveda for ages to treat a range of disorders, including vitiligo and wound healing; furthermore, it has hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidative, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and antiobesity activities [18]. Haldi, or Curcuma longa (rhizome), is a dried/powdered staple of Indian cuisine that exhibits antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, and antioxidant properties, also functions as a skin-lightening agent, and has been included in prematrimonial rituals for thousands of years [19]. Similarly, Adhatoda vasica, commonly called "kalmegh," shows immunomodulatory, antiviral, and antiallergic activities. ...
Herbal raw materials have been widely utilized around the world since antiquity, especially for primary health care. They have been acknowledged for their superior therapeutic value over contemporary medications. The diverse indigenous systems of medicine in India such as Siddha, Ayurveda, Unani, and Allopathy employ many herbal formulations to cure different types of diseases. Herbal raw materials are important as traditional remedies and as trade commodities that satisfy the needs of far-flung markets. During postharvest storage, the raw materials of herbal drugs are prone to contamination by different microorganisms and their associated toxic chemicals that deteriorate the active principles of drugs and make them unsafe for consumption. Nanoencapsulated plant essential oils (EOs) could be used as a green preservative agent for herbal raw materials against the microbes and their associated toxins. The present chapter deals with the therapeutic efficacy of herbal raw materials, possible toxic contaminants, and their management by using nanoencapsulated plant EOs. In addition, it also highlights the current challenges and future perspectives that lie in the use of herbal raw materials in the global market.
... (Neem) the extract has antioxidant properties, and its application in cosmetic products and nutritional supplements for various skin problems, such as acne, has been widely studied [165]. Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric) extract has anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its antibacterial ones [166]. An open-label, single-center, single-arm, a fourweek clinical study evaluated the efficacy and safety of an herbal skincare product in the prevention and/or reduction of mild-to-moderate acne (Purifying Neem Face Wash, a combination of extracts of neem and turmeric with anionic and amphoteric surfactants). ...
Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory dermatological pathology that affects mostly young people. However, it can also appear in adulthood, mainly in women. It has a high psychosocial impact, not only at the time of active lesions but also due to the consequences of lesions such as scarring and hyperpigmentation. Several factors are involved in the physiopathology of acne and the constant search for active ingredients is a reality, namely phytotherapeutic ingredients. Tea tree oil is an essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betch) Cheel with known antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a candidate for the treatment of acne. This review aims to describe the various properties of tea tree oil that make it a possible ingredient to use in the treatment of acne and to present several human studies that have evaluated the efficacy and safety of using tea tree oil in the treatment of acne. It can be concluded that tea tree oil has good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that result in a decrease in the number of inflammatory lesions, mainly papules, and pustules. However, given the diversity of study designs, it is not possible to draw concrete conclusions on the efficacy and safety of this oil in the treatment of acne.
... Curcuma longa (Curcumin) is the yellow pigment obtained from the rhizome of the perennial herb turmeric. It has received a lot of interest in recent years as a skin treatment due to anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-neoplastic properties [42]. Table 2. Selected list of botanical ingredients used in Ayurvedic Medicine for skin care. ...
There has been interest in the history of cosmetics for the last several decades. In part, this renewed curiosity is probably due to the revolutionizing natural movement in the cosmetic industry. In this article, we provide an overview of the historical aspects of the use of natural ingredients in cosmetics, which mostly come from botanical and mineral sources. We begin with an introduction to the art and science of cosmetics in the ancient world, which includes accounts of Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Greek, and Roman cosmetics as well as Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic Medicine. These dermatological and cosmetic practices, which were advanced for the time, paved the way for the current revolution of natural ingredients in cosmetic products. Without providing a comprehensive historical account, we surveyed selected cultures during different periods of time to provide some perspective of our current understanding of natural ingredients in cosmetics. Attention is also given to the rich contributions of body art by tribal societies to our knowledge base, especially in the areas of dyes and pigments. Finally, we offer some perspective of natural ingredient cosmetics in the Information Age.
... A variation in skin ratings and the application of broad criteria could not detect the therapeutic effect (21). Therefore, Vaughn et al. suggested additional clinical studies are needed to determine its effectiveness and mechanism (22,23). Although the advantage of trolamine is its tolerability, as well as its ability to moisturize the skin and alleviate local discomfort, it has not been proven that it is a topical skin radio-protective agent (24). ...
Background: Acute radiodermatitis (ARD) is a common side effect of breast cancer radiotherapy. It includes erythema, burning sensation, swelling, epilation, desquamation, ulceration, or necrosis. So far, there has been no consensus about the best practice in preventing /treating ARD. Objectives: This is the first study to assess the efficacy of topical phenytoin in the prevention and treatment of ARD. Methods: This prospective randomized double-blind trial was a placebo-controlled study. A total of 70 patients with breast cancer were included. They were referred for breast radiotherapy after radical mastectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to either the topical phenytoin or placebo group. Both ointments were applied twice and daily on affected areas of the chest. Acute radiodermatitis was evaluated every week, for 5 weeks, during radiotherapy. A blinded-to-treatment physician used the “(radiation therapy oncology group) RTOG dermatitis scoring” to do so. Results: During the first 3 weeks, ARD was neither severe (RTOG < 2) nor statistically different between the two treatment groups (P > 0.05). However, after the 3rd week, the ARD score was lower in phenytoin group than in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Phenytoin topical ointment could postpone the occurrence and/or decrease the severity of ARD in patients with breast cancer.
... 12 Ayurveda uses individually tailored interventions, which include herbs (single or compound-herb/mineral/metal) in any form, viz., juice, extract, powder, tablet, or decoction, five chief purification therapies called Panchakarma, and lifestyle recommendations for diet, behavior. 12 Ayurveda interventions have been investigated for the promotion of health and the prevention or treatment of various disorders, including some metabolic disorders sharing some of the features of PCOS (e.g., T2D, [13][14][15] high cholesterol, 16 obesity, 17 and acne 18,19 ) with some promising results. ...
Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder with diverse clinical presentations. Women with PCOS use traditional, complementary, and integrative medicines, including Ayurveda (traditional Indian medicine) to manage their symptoms. Therefore, it is important to understand the current evidence base and the potential areas that require further research. Objective: This novel study aimed at providing a description of the Ayurveda studies conducted on women with PCOS and identifying gaps for future research. Methods: This scoping review was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review guidelines. Relevant electronic databases were searched for any peer-reviewed original research that examined the role of Ayurveda (interventions using single/compound formula of herbs or minerals or metals, Panchakarma procedures and other therapies, and Ayurveda-based diet and lifestyle) for managing symptoms of PCOS in women of reproductive age. Two reviewers independently screened the records, extracted the data on population, intervention, comparator, and outcome characteristics and descriptively summarized the data. Results: Of the 1820 records identified, 57 articles met the inclusion criteria; 32 case studies, 13 randomized controlled trials, 9 pre-post trials, 2 case series, and 1 non-randomized trial. Most studies were conducted in India and used either a compound formula or a complex intervention (e.g., panchakarma therapies and lifestyle modifications). The majority of the case studies/series used an Ayurvedic diagnostic approach that influenced the choice of Ayurveda intervention. Among the interventions, shatapushpa (dill seeds) and krishnatila (black sesame seeds) were the most used single herbs whereas kanchanara guggulu and rajapravartini vati were the most used compound formulas. Basti karma (therapeutic enema) was the most used complex intervention. Reproductive outcomes were the most studied; menstruation, PCOS-related infertility, and polycystic ovary morphology. Conclusions: There are a number of clinical studies on Ayurveda interventions for PCOS with a promising role in managing symptoms of PCOS. However, a few gaps were identified. Future research should aim at: (1) exploring a wider range of interventions, including Ayurvedic diet and lifestyle in different settings/locations; (2) exploring the effectiveness of Ayurveda treatments as an adjunct to biomedical treatments (3) a greater range of outcome measures such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, anxiety, depression, and quality of life needs to be further explored in women with PCOS; and (4) finally, safety and adverse event reporting needs to be undertaken rigorously and systematically.
... The Vedas give the earliest written record about the science of healing. The reference to medicinal plant is also found in the Ebers papyrus (16th century B.C.) which lists in detail over 7000 herbal remedies [6] Growing evidence shows that an active component of turmeric, curcumin, may be used medically to treat a variety of dermatological diseases [7]. Nanoparticles have biological activity. ...
... [5] Turmeric has long been used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Chinese medicine as an anti-fungal agent, in the treatment of skin diseases and wound healing [6]. Growing evidence shows that an active component of turmeric, curcumin, may be used medically to treat a variety of dermatological diseases and has got anti-melanin activity [7]. This systematic review led to examine the evidence for the use of homoeopathic medicines of turmeric/curcumin (Curcuma longa) to modulate the melanogenesis and its effectiveness as a tyrosinase inhibitor (anti-melanin agent) in skin pigmentations. ...
Background-. Nanoscale science (or nanoscience) studies the phenomena, properties and responses of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, and in general at sizes between 1-100 nm. Recent studies reveal that homeopathic remedies contain nanoparticles (NP's) of source materials formed by potentization. Skin is an important component of body image and has immense physiological importance for both women and men. Skin pigmentation can be a source of significant emotional distress in individuals. Along human history, people have been struggling with numerous skin diseases, especially skin pigmentation (hyper/hypo-pigmentation). It is well documented that tyrosinase is an essential enzyme, which contributes towards pigment formation in mammalian's body as well as in plants, microorganisms and fungi. The rate-limiting step in melanogenesis is the conversion of L-DOPA to melanin, through the action of tyrosinase enzyme. Area of interest of this study focus on this step of melanogenesis. Objectives-Homoeopathic mother tincture(Q) and potencies(dilutions) 6CH ,12CH ,30CH, 200CH &1M of Curcuma longa (CL) (Purchased from Willmar Schwabe India Pvt.Ltd) was used for this entire study. In this study our aim was to investigate the anti-fungal and anti-melanin activity (mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity) of Curcuma longa Q, potencies and their corresponding silver nanoparticle (SNP's) preparations and its application in a Cosmetological perspective. Methods-SNP's were synthesised from Q, potencies and characterisation was done using UV-spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Its anti-fungal activity and anti-melanin activity (mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity) was studied in detail using Agar well diffusion method and Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory assay by using L-DOPA respectively. Results-Characterizations of nanoparticles were done using different methods, which included ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, where the silver nanoparticles showed an absorption peak at around 350nm for Q,250nm for 6CH, 248nm for 12CH and 30CH,250nm for 200CH and 249nm for 1M.SEM shows that shape of the particles are spherical and size was up to 100nm.The antifungal activity for Aspergillus niger shows highest zone of inhibition of 10mm for Q and 1M. And for White rot fungi highest zone of inhibition of 10mm was obtained for CL 1M SYN.The mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory assay shows highest inhibition rate of 87.92±.041% for CL 30C (IC50 83.33mg) and lowest inhibitory activity of 56.67±.046% for CL 200C (IC50 138.8±24mg). The medicinal and SNP synthesised samples of CL was showing a very potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Conclusions-Through this study it was evident that homoeopathic medicines and the synthesised SNP'S were found to be effective as an anti-fungal agent against Aspergillus niger and White rot fungi which are causative of many fungal infections. As well as it was found to be a potent tyrosinase inhibitor in mushroom tyrosinase assay. Hence, it can be used as an anti-melanin agent in treating various skin pigmentations and Cosmetological aspects.
... Vaughn et al. undertook a systematic review of the effect of both topical and oral CUM on skin health in different disorders such as acne, atopic dermatitis, alopecia, facial photoaging, pruritus, and psoriasis. Of the 18 studies, 10 of them highlighted the ameliorating effect of turmeric in skin disease severity (Vaughn et al., 2016). ...
Radiodermatitis (RD) occurs in 95% of cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. At present, there is no effective treatment for the management of this complication of radiotherapy. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a polyphenolic and biologically active natural compound with various pharmacological functions. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of curcumin supplementation for reducing RD severity. This review complied with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Cochrane library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases. A total of seven studies comprising 473 cases and 552 controls were included in this review. Four studies demonstrated that curcumin supplementation had a beneficial effect on RD intensity. These data provide evidence for the potential clinical use of curcumin in supportive cancer care. Further large prospective and well-designed trials are warranted to exactly determine the "real effective extract, supplemental form and dose of curcumin" for RD prevention and treatment of patients receiving radiotherapy.
... [19,20] C. longa is used to treat a variety of skin conditions due to its wound healing, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. [21] R. centifolia petals are excellent for the skin because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. [22] S. racemosa is used in a number of topical herbal formulations for acne, skin disorders, and wound healing. ...
The objective of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash in subjects with acne, facial scars, pimples, blemishes, dull skin and dry skin. Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, non-randomized post-marketing surveillance study with 120 subjects. Subjects were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria. The study included three scheduled clinical visits on days 0 (screening and baseline visit), 15 (follow-up visit), and 30 (final visit). Following an assessment of baseline data, all subjects were given Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash for 30 days. The efficacy of Roop Matra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash was determined by measuring changes in parameters such as skin characteristics, skin appearance, and Global Acne Assessment (GAA) score. Product safety was assessed by determining local intolerance and adverse effects of Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash. Results: The results of the study showed that applying Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash for 30 days significantly improved skin’s characteristic and appearance. Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash was also found to be dermatologically well tolerated and had no negative impacts over the course of the study. Conclusion: The polyherbal Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash was found to be very safe and effective in reducing acne, pimples, blemishes, and skin dryness with improved skin texture and appearance. Roop Mantra Cucumber Ayurvedic Medicinal Face Wash is therefore a clinically feasible and safe alternative for treating the aforementioned skin conditions.
... [18,19] C. longa plays an important role in the treatment of a variety of dermatologic diseases due to its wound healing, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. [20] C. sativus rejuvenates skin due to its cooling, hydrating, anti-ageing, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. [21,22] D. carota has strong antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. ...
Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a polyherbal Roop Mantra Ayurvedic Medicinal Cream in subjects with acne, facial scars, pimples, blemishes, dull and dry skin. Methods: This was a 60-day, single-centre, open-labelled, non-randomized phase-IV surveillance study with 120 subjects. Subjects were selected based on the study's inclusion criteria. The study included three scheduled clinical visits on days 0 (screening and baseline visit), 30 (follow-up visit), and 60 (final visit). Following an evaluation of baseline data, all subjects were given Roop Mantra Ayurvedic Medicinal Cream for 60 days. The primary outcome of the study was to assess the efficacy of Roop Mantra Ayurvedic Medicinal Cream based on changes in parameters such as skin texture, skin health, global acne assessment parameters and an investigator assessment scale. The secondary outcome of the study was the determination of local intolerance and adverse effects to Roop Mantra Ayurvedic Medicinal Cream . Results: The study findings revealed that the use of Roop Mantra Ayurvedic Medicinal Cream for 60 days improved skin texture and appearance while significantly reducing acne, pimples, blemishes, and skin dryness. Roop Mantra Ayurvedic Medicinal Cream was likewise dermatologically well tolerated and did not cause any adverse effects during the study period. Conclusion: Roop Mantra Ayurvedic Medicinal Cream showed highly satisfactory results in terms of skin texture, skin appearance and general acne parameters without having any adverse effects on the skin. Given the positive outcomes, Roop Mantra Ayurvedic Medicinal Cream is clinically effective and safe alternative for treating various skin problems.
... Culinary herbs and spices have been used for decades in beverages and foods as a way to increase flavor, color, and aroma. Phytochemicals present in these spices and herbs have significant immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects ( Figure 1) [8,9,18,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The interest in identifying active principles from medicinal plants and spices is growing exponentially, as they prevent against diet-related disorders by modulating immunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress [19]. ...
The paper presents a study on the influence of alimentation and physical activity on body weight during the Covid 19 pandemic period. Body weight management is often difficult nowadays, as we are increasingly sedentary and therefore we fail to consume the energy resulting from eating. The methods we used were: literature analysis, questionnaire survey, graphic and tabular method. The questionnaires were completed online by 30 students from the Professional Conversion Program Physical Education and Sports and master students from the Faculty of Sciences, Physical Education and Sports. After analyzing the results, we noticed that there is no stable and decisive correlation between the diet and the increase or decrease of the Body Mass Index.
... Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound taken from turmeric (Curcuma longa) which, like the other natural compounds described so far, shows anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-neoplastic properties [63]. These pleiotropic effects have raised interest also in the field of dermatology and phytotherapy, so an application for vitiligo was hypothesized. ...
Vitiligo is an autoimmune dermatosis frequently associated with other comorbidities, such as mental health disorders. It is unclear if vitiligo triggers mental disorders or if mental disorders trigger vitiligo, but each one affects and worsen the other, if present at the same time. Both mental health disorders and vitiligo present a multifactorial pathogenesis and often require prolonged periods of therapy, sometimes with poor results. Given the possible link of common pathogenetic factors and the need of integrated therapies, the aim of this review is to look at natural compounds as possible supplements for both conditions. The results yielded show a possible role of these supplements in ameliorating both conditions, thus helping these patients to achieve a better quality of life and reduce the need for prolonged therapies. The limitations regarding the relative lack of in vivo studies, and the increasing need to lighten the burden of these chronic diseases, suggests that it is mandatory to proceed with further trials.
... Curcumin in C.longa is known to cause improvements in wound healing at all three stages. During the inflammation stage, curcumin is known to suppress the activity of the NF-(κ) B (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor, lowering the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) and interlukin-1 (IL-1) cytokines and hence inflammation 19,20 . Reactive oxygen species (ROS) helps immune system to fight against micro-organisms in wound healing. ...
Topical herbal formulations are gaining more attention in wound healing due to their safety and efficacy. This is a systematic review of the effects of Curcuma longatopical formulations on wound healing. C. longa is a traditional medicinal plant used due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. Studies carried outas randomized control trials and clinical trials were included for the analysis of this review. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google scholar (up to March 2022) with 04 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. All randomized control trials and clinical trials have shown a significant improvement in wound healing. The topical formulations containing C. longa as an ingredient have reportedly improved wound healing in cases of eczema, radiodermatitis, acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis vulgaris, senile pruritis, and xerotic skin conditions, according to the studies covered in this review.This review identified some evidence that C. longa extract has good effects for wound healing, in accordance with its use in traditional medicine. To evaluate the impact of C. longa on wound healing, including complications, larger, well-designed randomized control trials are required.
... "Curcuma longa L. commonly known as turmeric, (Zingiberaceae)" is known not only as a South-East Asian spice but also as a medicinal herb [50]. There are a number of countries that have used the rhizome of this plant as a safe remedy against a variety of ailments including sinusitis, coughs, wound healing, inflammation and skin problems [51][52][53][54]. The main components of turmeric are "bisdemethoxycurcumin (6%), demethoxycurcumin (17%) and curcumin (77%)" [50]. ...
The current study investigated “pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics interactions” of losartan with Curcuma longa (CUR) and Lepidium sativum (LS) in hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg) for two weeks. Oral administration of CUR or LS shows some substantial antihypertensive activity. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of hypertensive rats was decreased by 7.04% and 8.78% 12 h after treatment with CUR and LS, respectively, as compared to rats treated with L-NAME alone. LS and CUR display the ability to potentiate the blood pressure-lowering effects of losartan in hypertensive rats. A greater decrease in SBP, by 11.66% and 13.74%, was observed in hypertensive rats treated with CUR + losartan and LS + losartan, respectively. Further, both the investigated herbs, CUR and LS, caused an increase in plasma concentrations of losartan in hypertensive rats. The AUC0-t, AUC0-inf and AUMC0-inf of losartan were increased by 1.25-fold, 1.28-fold and 1.09-fold in hypertensive rats treated with CUR + losartan. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in AUC0-t (2.41-fold), AUC0-inf (3.86-fold) and AUMC0-inf (8.35-fold) of losartan was observed in hypertensive rats treated with LS + losartan. The present study affirms that interactions between CUR or LS with losartan alter both “pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics” of the drug. Concurrent administration of losartan with either CUR or LS would require dose adjustment and intermittent blood pressure monitoring for clinical use in hypertensive patients. Additional investigation is necessary to determine the importance of these interactions in humans and to elucidate the mechanisms of action behind these interactions.
... Curcumin in C.longa is known to cause improvements in wound healing at all three stages. During the inflammation stage, curcumin is known to suppress the activity of the NF-(κ) B (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor, lowering the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) and interlukin-1 (IL-1) cytokines and hence inflammation 19,20 . Reactive oxygen species (ROS) helps immune system to fight against micro-organisms in wound healing. ...
Topical herbal formulations are gaining more attention in wound healing due to their safety and efficacy. This is a systematic review of the effects of Curcuma longatopical formulations on wound healing. C. longa is a traditional medicinal plant used due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. Studies carried outas randomized control trials and clinical trials were included for the analysis of this review. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google scholar (up to March 2022) with 04 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. All randomized control trials and clinical trials have shown a significant improvement in wound healing. The topical formulations containing C. longa as an ingredient have reportedly improved wound healing in cases of eczema, radiodermatitis, acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis vulgaris, senile pruritis, and xerotic skin conditions, according to the studies covered in this review.This review identified some evidence that C. longa extract has good effects for wound healing, in accordance with its use in traditional medicine. To evaluate the impact of C. longa on wound healing, including complications, larger, well-designed randomized control trials are required.
... Culinary herbs and spices have been used for decades in beverages and foods as a way to increase flavor, color, and aroma. Phytochemicals present in these spices and herbs have significant immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects ( Figure 1) [8,9,18,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The interest in identifying active principles from medicinal plants and spices is growing exponentially, as they prevent against diet-related disorders by modulating immunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress [19]. ...
The study aims to review the involvement of differentdietary habits in Laotian, Cambodian, and Vietnamesepopulations in reducing COVID19 impact.Materials and Methods. The methods of collection,systematization, analysis and generalization of information data have been used. The analysis ofliterature in scientific databases and analytical platforms by the listed keywords has been performed; all relevant references in the found sources have also been reviewed.
Results and Discussion. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is an ongoing pandemic caused by a highly pathogenic human coronavirus known as SARS-CoV2. Current epidemiology reported that more than 500 millio ncases of COVID-19 occurred in more than 180 countries worldwide. When the upper respiratory tract gets infected by low pathogenetic HCoVs, it typically triggers a mild respiratory disease. In contrast, when the lower airways get infected by highly pathogenic HCoVs, such as SARS-CoV2, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may occur and even fatal pneumonia. Such a situation causes the need for an urgent search of effective treatment measures.
A very low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in Laos and Cambodia, as well as low mortality rate due to COVID-19 in Vietnam and Laos, are extremely interesting, especially because of their early exposure to the virus, continuing ties to China, relative poverty, and high population density. The use of several spices and aromatic herbs as natural treatments for several illnesses, including viral infections, has been reported since a long time ago. The research reviewed three integral elements of Laotian, Cambodian, and Vietnamese diets, such as special culinary spices and herbs, coconut oil, and palm oil-rich for saturated fatty acids as well as fermented shrimp paste. Environmental and population genetic causes may be forwarded but moreover local dietary habits may have even a role in this evidence. Therefore, all these items highlight the possibility of a significant contribution of local cuisine and diet into the impact on appropriate anti-inflammatory and immune-resistant mechanisms of the human population.
Conclusions. The review on Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos inhabitants' diet helped to suggest the dietary factor shaving the contributing potential of reducing the severity of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms.
... (Agarwal et al. 2020). by a large proportion of the world population as alternatives to medicines L, or turmeric, is a spice with a strong yellow pigment commonly used in cooking and cosmetics (Vaughn et al. 2016). Its curcuminoids content makes this plant an excellent therapeutic agent against several pathologies, e.g. ...
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of turmeric and black pepper on high-fat-diet-related biochemical and histological disorders in WISTAR rats. Fifteen male rats were divided into 3 groups (n=5), G1: control that received 350g/d of standard diet; G2: 350g/d of High Fat Diet (HFD) and G3: that received 350g/d of HFD supplemented with turmeric and black pepper (TBP) for two months. Our results showed that HFD induced a significant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides. However, the HDL level was decreased. In addition, a significant increase in weight gain values and a significant decrease in relative testicular weight were observed. Moreover, the HFD significantly increased testicular oxidative stress expressed as Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) levels. The histological analysis showed a decrease in sperm cells number in the seminiferous tubules lumen, and reduced seminiferous epithelium thickness in rats treated with HFD. On the other hand, TBP treatment was able to. In conclusion, our results indicate that TBP supplementation can effectively reduce the deleterious effects of HFD on the lipid profile and the testicular structure.
... Previous studies on the chemical composition of C. longa and B. vulgaris have indicated that the most important active constituents are Cur and Ber respectively, which have documented antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and other effects (Balakrishna & Kumar, 2015;Imenshahidi & Hosseinzadeh, 2016;Karłowicz-Bodalska et al., 2017;Vaughn et al., 2016). Cur, an active compound present in the rhizome of the C. longa, has been found to have in vitro antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania spp. ...
Introduction:
Pathogenic protozoans, like Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis, represent a major health problem in tropical countries; and polymeric nanoparticles could be used to apply plant extracts against those parasites.
Objective:
To test Curcuma longa ethanolic extract and Berberis vulgaris methanolic extracts, and their main constituents, against two species of protozoans.
Methods:
We tested the extracts, as well as their main constituents, curcumin (Cur) and berberine (Ber), both non-encapsulated and encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), in vitro. We also determined nanoparticle characteristics by photon correlation spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and hemolytic capacity by hemolysis in healthy erythrocytes.
Results:
C. longa consisted mainly of tannins, phenols, and flavonoids; and B. vulgaris in alkaloids. Encapsulated particles were more effective (P < 0.001); however, curcumin and berberine nanoparticles were the most effective treatments. CurNPs had IC50 values (µg/mL) of 9.48 and 4.25, against E. histolytica and T. vaginalis, respectively, and BerNPs 0.24 and 0.71. The particle size and encapsulation percentage for CurNPs and BerNPs were 66.5 and 73.4 nm, and 83.59 and 76.48 %, respectively. The NPs were spherical and significantly reduced hemolysis when compared to non-encapsulated extracts.
Conclusions:
NPs represent a useful and novel bioactive compound delivery system for therapy in diseases caused by protozoans.
... Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, antitumor, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects have been reported in the literature [1,2]. Furthermore, several studies have already shown that the active ingredient in C. longa can also be used in the treatment of various dermatological diseases, for example it can be effective in the treatment of acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and vitiligo [3]. ...
Turmeric has been used for decades for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, which is due to an active ingredient isolated from the plant, called curcumin. However, the extremely poor water-solubility of curcumin often limits the bioavailability of the drug. The aim of our experimental work was to improve the solubility and thus bioavailability of curcumin by developing self-nano/microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SN/MEDDS). Labrasol and Cremophor RH 40 as nonionic surfactants, Transcutol P as co-surfactant and isopropyl myristate as the oily phase were used during the formulation. The average droplet size of SN/MEDDS containing curcumin was between 32 and 405 nm. It was found that the higher oil content resulted in larger particle size. The drug loading efficiency was between 93.11% and 99.12% and all formulations were thermodynamically stable. The curcumin release was studied at pH 6.8, and the release efficiency ranged between 57.3% and 80.9% after 180 min. The results of the MTT cytotoxicity assay on human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) showed that the curcumin-containing preparations were non-cytotoxic at 5 w/v%. According to the results of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays, SNEDDS showed significantly higher antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory effect of the SN/MEDDS was screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SNEDDS formulated with Labrasol as surfactant, reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels below 60% at a concentration of 10 w/w%. Our results verified the promising use of SN/MEDDS for the delivery of curcumin. This study demonstrates that the SN/MEDDS could be promising alternatives for the formulation of poorly soluble lipophilic compounds with low bioavailability.
... Curcuma longa L is a natural herb, and CUR is the main active ingredient extracted from Curcuma longa L. CUR has been proposed as a treatment for various skin diseases, such as scleroderma, psoriasis, eczema, and skin cancer, by scientists and clinicians worldwide (Vaughn et al., 2016). ...
Background: Psoriasis is a chronic and immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. Many studies have shown that curcumin (CUR) has strong anti-inflammatory effects and can improve psoriasis; however, its efficacy and safety have not been confirmed, and the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and possible mechanisms of CUR in the treatment of psoriasis.
Methods: The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP (China Science and Technology Journal Database) were systematically searched for clinical trials and preclinical studies on the use of CUR in psoriasis treatment. All databases were searched from inception to January 2022. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.
Results: Our meta-analysis included 26 studies, comprising seven clinical randomized controlled trials and 19 preclinical studies. A meta-analysis of clinical trials showed that both CUR monotherapy and combination therapy improved Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores in patients compared to controls (standard mean difference [ std.MD ]: −0.83%; 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: −1.53 to 0.14; p = 0.02). In preclinical studies, CUR showed better performance in improving the phenotype of psoriatic dermatitis mice compared to controls, including total PASI score (std.MD: 6.50%; 95% CI: 10.10 to − 2.90; p = 0.0004); ear thickness ( p = 0.01 ); and the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17F, and IL-22 ( p < 0.05 ). In cell studies, CUR inhibited cell proliferation ( p = 0.04 ) and the cell cycle ( p = 0.03 ) and downregulated the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 ( p < 0.05 ).
Conclusions: CUR has excellent efficacy and broad potential to treat psoriasis in multiple ways. Its use also plays a crucial role in improving the psoriasis phenotype and reducing the inflammatory microenvironment. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CUR alone or in combination with other conventional treatments can effectively treat psoriasis.
... These mechanisms are likely to involve essential fatty acids and ceramides or the numerous essential oils contained within the product. Indeed, turmeric has some beneficial effects on skin health [35][36][37], including its use in topical galenic form for the treatment of atopic dermatitis [38]. Additionally, wintergreen oil has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [39][40][41][42][43][44]. ...
Skin barrier restoration is an important part of atopic dermatitis therapy. We investigated the effect of a spot-on containing plant-based essential fatty acids and essential oils on skin barrier parameters in a dog model of acute skin barrier disruption, using five healthy beagle dogs maintained in a laboratory setting. Four test sites on the dorsum and a control site on the abdomen were defined on each dog. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface hydration (SSH) were measured before and after tape stripping on the first day and then for three consecutive days, over four consecutive weeks. The spot-on was applied at the end of each of the first three weeks. The increase in TEWL after tape stripping was reduced after the spot-on application and reached control values in Weeks 3 and 4. SSH after tape stripping was reduced in Week 4 compared with the baseline. Thus, the ATOP 7® spot-on significantly reduced acute skin barrier impairment in a dog model. The use of this product should be further evaluated as a potential treatment for skin barrier defects such as canine atopic dermatitis.
... Various studies on application of Nicotiana tabacum against external parasite and skin infections had been recorded by different researchers 27,28 . Apart from this, application of Ocimum tenuiflorum, Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica were also reported for skin infection/lesion [29][30][31] ; Cordia dichotoma, Averrhoa carambola, Acacia pennata and Drymaria cordata for diarrhoea/dysentery [32][33][34] and Centella asiatica, and Houttuynia cordata Thunb during fever 35,36 . ...
Folk traditional knowledge and practices are very rich and popular among the tribal farmers in different agricultural practices. The community-based cross-sectional study was carried out to know about pig farming patterns, ethnoveterinary knowledge and practices among various tribal pig farmers in Karbi Anglong district of Assam, India. Various field data pertaining to pig management were collected through personnel interviews, pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires, participatory rural appraisal, group discussions and field visits. This study attempted to evaluate the potential use of medicinal plants and their by-products as feed ingredients and traditional folk medicine. A total of 40 species of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants were recorded which are principally used to cure various major and minor ailments like fracture, parasitic infestation, maggot wound, diarrhoea, fever, etc. The use of locally available feed ingredients will help in the exploration of forest resources, minimize production costs. The present study recorded a total of 21 wild plant species which are used for feeding pigs with the most frequently used species belonging to Broussonetia papyrifera, Colocasia esculenta, Alternanthera sessilis, etc. The study will help the farmers, environmentalists, researchers, and other stakeholders to identify, document, familiarize and a better understanding of the distribution of rich medicinal plants in the hill region.
... Natural antioxidants are favored for their simplicity, safety, effectiveness. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic and yellow pigment obtained from the spice turmeric, which has been shown to prevent and treat of parasitic skin infections, infected wounds, premature aging, inflammation, and psoriasis [16]. Whereas, curcumin's poor bioavailability, low aqueous solubility, chemical instability, rapid degradation, and rapid systemic elimination as major limitations for its use in clinical practice [17]. ...
UV induced photoaging is the main external factor of skin aging. In this study, we tested the protective effects of tetrahydrocurcumin on UV-induced skin photoaging of KM mice and researched the multi-target mechanism through RNA sequencing technology. Mouse experiments show that tetrahydrocurcumin strongly changed in skin appearance, epidermal thickness, and wrinkle-related parameters in UV-irradiated mice. RNA-seq result show that we found 29 differentially expressed mRNA transcripts in UV mice relative to Ctrl rats (18 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated) and 7 significantly dysregulated mRNAs were obtained in the THC group compared to the UV group (1 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated), respectively. Spink7, Edn3, Stab2 may be the key target genes of tetrahydrocurcumin in preventing aging. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the response to muscle contraction and melanin biosynthetic GO term and Inflammation related pathway such as PPAR, MAPK would involve in effects of tetrahydrocurcumin. The results of this study indicated that tetrahydrocurcumin can improve the appearance through anti-inflammatory, improving extracellular matrix and inhibiting melanin production. It could be suggested as a protective measure in the prevention of UV-induced photoaging.
... Besides, Curcuma longa is the only species of Zingiberaceae used in powder. Based on Vaughn et al. (2016) Based on literature study of used plant composition in bedaka, this concoction is efficacious for brightening and moisturizing the skin, protecting the skin from UV, helping wound healing, preventing aging, and fragrance. Based on those benefits, this concoction can be developed in the local and national beauty industry. ...
Sahu tribe at Lako Akediri village has a beauty treatment herbs concoction called bedaka that made from various plants species. Since the knowledge of making the herb is passed down by oral, it cannot be documented the whole local knowledge. Therefore, an investigation on ethnobotany of bedaka herb at Sub District Sahu, West Halmahera has been conducted. The aims of study are to inventory plant species tha used in bedaka herb; to elaborate the function of bedaka based on chemical content of used plants; and to describe conservation behaviour of community towards the used plants. Ethnobotanical data was collected by using participant observation and semi-structure interviews. The result showed that 22 species of plants from 19 families used in bedaka herbs. The most often used part is leaf (11 species) The using way of plant was by mixing the collisions of whole material, made it to sphere, and dried. The utilization of this concoction by diluted it with water. The functions of bedaka herbs are to prevent sunburn, to brighten and to soften skin face. The major resource of used plant is derived from cultivation (55%). It shows that conservation behaviour of community towards used plants has been highly enough applied. This study can be used as a reference in the development of natural-based facial beauty care products, such as skin care packages or face masks.
... As indicated, topical application or oral administration of turmeric is used to prevent and treat various dermatological conditions, such as psoriasis, parasitic skin infections, infected wounds, inflammation, and even premature aging (4,12). Furthermore, South Indian women use turmeric in the form of crude extract or powdered tuber in their daily care, due to its beneficial anti-aging effects including moisture retention and antioxidant activity (13). ...
Curcumin is a plant‐derived yellow‐orange compound widely used as a spice, dye and food additive. It is also believed to have therapeutic effects against different disorders. On the other hand, there are data showing its phototoxicity against bacteria, fungi and various mammalian cells. Since the mechanism of its phototoxic action is not fully understood, we investigated here the phototoxic potential of curcumin in liposomal model membranes and in HaCaT cells. First, detection of singlet oxygen (1O2) luminescence proved that curcumin generates 1O2 upon blue light irradiation in organic solvent and in liposomes. Then, HPLC‐EC(Hg) measurements revealed that liposomal and cellular cholesterol is oxidized by 1O2 photogenerated by curcumin. Enrichment of liposome membranes with curcumin significantly increased the oxygen photo‐consumption rate compared to the control liposomes as determined by EPR oximetry. Cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial membrane potential analyzes and protein hydroperoxides detection confirmed strong phototoxic effects of curcumin in irradiated HaCaT cells. These data show that since curcumin is advertised as a valuable dietary supplement, or a component of cosmetics for topical use, caution should be recommended especially when skin is exposed to light.
The rising concerns of consumers toward the health issue caused by using chemically composed skincare products are driving the consumers to use herbal soaps. For millennia, people have used soap. Therefore, our aim is to produce herbal soap using plant extracts having antimicrobial properties thus reducing the toxic load on the environment. Moreover, the soap is crafted with herbal extracts thus making the soap skin-friendly and suitable for all age groups. The optimization of the composition of soap is done by observing the pH of herbal soap for a few months at the end of which the pH starts decreasing and attains a pH of 7. This study focuses on a new herbal soap composition that incorporates neem leaf and turmeric extract. By doing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, lowest optimal concentration of extract was determined from the zone of inhibition. Based on efficacy, pH, consistency, and effects on skin results, the benchmark was set as 3.2 grams of herbal extract in 32 grams of soap bar. Neem showed best antimicrobial properties followed by turmeric. From the results obtained, the antibacterial activity of herbal leaf extract on gram-positive Lactobacillus sp. was found to be more effective as compared to gram-negative Escherichia coli.
Background:
Obesity is considered a low-grade chronically inflamed state that contributes to communicable chronic diseases. This inflammation may be modulated by consuming spices like turmeric daily. However, few studies have looked at the inclusion of spice within whole foods.
Objective:
The purpose of this feasibility pre/posttrial was to assess the influence of turmeric in a muffin on salivary IL-6 and CRP in adults who were obese.
Methods:
Participants consumed one, 60-gram muffin containing 3 g turmeric for 10 days. Participants provided a urinary sample at baseline, a 2-ml saliva sample, and a 30-day food frequency and spice consumption questionnaire at baseline and post-trial. A one-sample t-test was conducted using SAS v 9.4 with significance determined at p < 0.05.
Results:
A total of 14 participants, average BMI of 32.16 kg/m2 with 10 identifying as female, completed the trial after 5 dropped due to various reasons. The visit lengths and collection of data with participants adhering to the instructions were deemed a success. There was a significant decrease in salivary IL-6 (p = 0.03) but no statistical difference in salivary CRP (p = 0.46). Participants consumed fruits and vegetables at least once daily, chicken and eggs 5-6 times per week, and beef, pork, and fish at least once per week. Participants consumed chili pepper, garlic, cinnamon, cilantro, and ginger at least once per week. No changes were observed in dietary/spice habits during this trial.
Conclusion:
The feasibility pre/post study revealed that consumption of a muffin with turmeric reduced at least salivary IL-6 in 10 days. Modifications to the study design such as lengthier trial time to assess the impact of this muffin on CRP is necessary prior to implementing larger-scale randomized control trials.
The history of phytotherapy begins with dermatological applications primarily. Archeological findings suggest that healers of their eras were mostly using plants to treat skin diseases, especially wounds at all types and stages. In today’s world, the popularity of phytotherapy for skin-related problems is still huge and increasing. Extensive research has been conducted to provide scientific evidence for traditional knowledge, and several medicinal plants have been found to be effective for different dermatological disorders. Among them, acne, atopic
dermatitis, psoriasis, hyperpigmentation, Alopecia areata, and skin wounds are the most common complaints. The focus of the present chapter is on the most commonly used medicinal plants in the treatment of these problems, with safety concerns related to phytotherapy applications in dermatology.
Curcumin is a well-known antioxidant used as traditional medicine in China and India since ages to treat variety of inflammatory ailments as a food supplement. Curcumin has antitumor properties with neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease. Curcumin elevates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine (DA) levels in the brain indicating its role in substance abuse. Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most abused substances in the world that induces profound neurotoxicity by inducing breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), vasogenic edema and cellular injuries. However, influence of curcumin on METH-induced neurotoxicity is still not well investigated. In this investigation, METH neurotoxicity and neuroprotective effects of curcumin nanodelivery were examined in a rat model. METH (20 mg/kg, i.p.) neurotoxicity is evident 4 h after its administration exhibiting breakdown of BBB to Evans blue albumin in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus and hypothalamus associated with vasogenic brain edema as seen measured using water content in all these regions. Nissl attaining exhibited profound neuronal injuries in the regions of BBB damage. Normal curcumin (50 mg/kg, i.v.) 30 min after METH administration was able to reduce BBB breakdown and brain edema partially in some of the above brain regions. However, TiO2 nanowired delivery of curcumin (25 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly attenuated brain edema, neuronal injuries and the BBB leakage in all the brain areas. BDNF level showed a significant higher level in METH-treated rats as compared to saline-treated METH group. Significantly enhanced DA levels in METH-treated rats were also observed with nanowired delivery of curcumin. Normal curcumin was able to slightly elevate DA and BDNF levels in the selected brain regions. Taken together, our observations are the first to show that nanodelivery of curcumin induces superior neuroprotection in METH neurotoxicity probable by enhancing BDNF and DA levels in the brain, not reported earlier.
Acne is a common skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells or oil from the skin. Propionibacterium acne lives deep inside the cell that secrete digestive enzymes which damage the cell and trigger the inflammation. Manuka honey has anti-inflammatory qualities that helps to prevent redness and swelling. Tea tree oil is a natural alternative for curing acne. The phenol of gallic acid have anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, antioxidant protection on skin cells against free radicals. Being bioflavonoid, Rutin used in cosmetics as an emollient. Curcumin has an antiseptic and pain-relieving property. This project aims to formulate and evaluate the antibacterial potential of ointment using herbal ingredient such as gallic acid, Rutin and curcumin. They were further subjected to in vitro turbidimetric assay test. The study was further extended to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration of formulated ointment.
Infection may arise if the human body's defense mechanism is compromised or if the concentration of germs is excessively high. Medical professionals classify infectious sickness as any condition in which signs and symptoms become clinically evident as a result of the body's response to invading invaders. Bacterial illnesses were among the most feared forms of infectious disease. In recent years, various studies have shown that the prevalence of this condition has increased in India. It is also becoming more difficult to treat fungal infections using antifungal medications. In addition, the high expense of these medicines in underdeveloped nations like India was a major hurdle. The inability of existing available medication draws our attention toward the development of alternative therapeutic options. In this paper, we have highlighted the role of promising herbal bioactives that can prove to be beneficial for the prevention and management of skin infections.
Cosmetics are widely used by both men and women for beauty enhancement for ages. Herbal plants have been used in cosmetics manufacturing for centuries because they constitute natural ingredients that are harmless. Cosmetics alone are not capable to manage both beauty enhancement and skin care. Hence, herbs are used because they are able to check skin damage and aging due to the presence of natural constituents. Herbal cosmetics have gained immense popularity among the population because they do not show side effects as shown by synthetic cosmetics. The inclusion of herbal extracts in cosmetics can minimize skin damage due to oxidative stress and thus aging process gets delayed. Herbal products improve various functions of skin by boosting collagen growth and thus eradicating harmful effects of free radicals, maintaining the structure of keratin, and keeping skin healthy. A number of herbal plants are naturally accessible and are used in the preparation of herbal cosmetics. These include gingko, neem, coconut, and many more. Herbal cosmetics for daily purposes include lotion, creams, oils, cleansers, etc. Herbal skin cosmetics have multi functionalities like anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties. The herbal cosmetic industry is rapidly growing with a vast scope of multifold expansion in the future. In this article, we have reviewed various herbal plants used in cosmetics along with the regulatory status and evaluation parameters of herbal cosmetics.
Background: Dermatologic diseases are one of the most frequent health conditions. The impact on the quality of life of patients is evident and the negative effects on health can range from psychological and physical incapacity to even death. Because of the serious impact that dermatologic diseases can have on one's health, prevention and treatment of these conditions should be urgently included in global health strategies. Advancing scientific knowledge about traditional techniques has been gaining acknowledgement due to the contributions they can provide to global health. Objective: This study aims to analyse the current evidence on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese phytopharmacology (herbal medicine) on dermatologic conditions and to inform potential applications within western healthcare settings. Methodology: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct and Scielo databases to identify randomized clinical trials on Chinese herbal medicine for dermatologic conditions. Studies with low or moderate quality were excluded. Results: Our literature search yielded 151 studies, 135 after the removal of duplicates. After title and abstract screening, 38 studies were selected for retrieval. Full-text and quality assessment was performed on 33 studies, and 18 studies were included in the final analysis. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that Chinese phytopharmacology can be used as a complementary treatment for some dermatologic conditions. Major benefits seem to exist due to the presence of components that possess anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory action, as well as immunomodulatory effects. More studies should be conducted to confirm the complementary benefits of Chinese phytopharmacology for dermatologic conditions. Registration: The protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Registry for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42022308304).
Biocompatible polymer microneedles (MNs) are emerging as a promising platform for transdermal drug delivery, especially for facial treatments. Therefore, the MN patch in this study used hydrolyzed collagen (HC) contained in skin cells as the main raw material and adopted a two-step cast method to develop a rapidly dissolving microneedle (DMN) patch to deliver collagen in a simple and minimally invasive way, allowing the release of the encapsulated drug in the skin. By optimizing the formulation and proportion of HC and auxiliary support materials, the mechanical strength required to pierce the skin was obtained, while the soft pedestal allowed for flexibility in application. The DMNs could dissolve completely in the skin within 15 min and release within about 8 h, and would not cause toxicity or irritation when being applied. In contrast to the ineffectiveness of oral and external application, and the high risk of dermal injection, drug-loaded HC DMNs overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods with direct penetration and minimally invasive manner, enabling efficient and safe treatment. The successful preparation and research of HC DMNs have innovative and practical significance in this field, and it is expected to become a simple, effective and popular transdermal drug delivery platform for cosmetics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Introduction: The beauty product preparation from natural ingredients reaches is historical. People of rural area where the practice of modern cosmetic products are not accessible, they mostly use and depend upon the locally available ingredients in their own formulations. The inclusion of extracts in topical formulations can minimize the skin damage of oxidative stress, which has been associated with delaying the aging process. Therapeutic benefits by addition of plant-based active ingredients such as alpha-hydroxy acid, retinoic acid, ferulic acid, ascorbic acid, and coenzyme Q10 are common. Natural preservatives are also in priority but it is equally important to carry research for their efficacy and assurance. Methods: An independent approach was used to conduct the literature review. Major well-known bibliometric information sources studied are the Web of Science, Scopus, Mendeley and Google Scholar. Several keywords like name of plants, skin whitening, anti-acne, herbal cosmetics, Ayurvedic herbs, skin cancer, moisturizer etc were chosen to obtain a large range of papers to be analyzed. Local news papers, research reports and official websites were also studied. Results: The results obtained from this review showed that, there are numerous herbs which are effective and safe for cosmetic purpose. Herbal based cosmetic factories are started in Nepal but their research part not much strong and found frequently lead by non-pharmacist or non-chemist human resources. Herbs are rich in vitamins, phenolics and carotenoids which have mainly anti-aging, revitalizing and rejuvenating properties. Herbs have vitamins, saponins and flavanoids which supply various nutrients to hair and help to darkening of hair. Different literatures available prove that the heavy metals are also mixed in large quantity in cosmetics found in Nepalese market. There is an immediate need to execute strong guidelines regarding the quality of cosmetic products in Nepal. Conclusions: The current review on herbal cosmetics focuses on the natural sources of cosmetics, their medicinal benefits, mechanism of action, key chemical constituents and their advantages along with safety.
Curcumin, one of the 3 principal curcuminoids found within turmeric rhizomes, has long been associated with numerous physiologically beneficial effects; however, its efficacy is limited by its inherently low bioavailability. Several novel formulations of curcumin extracts have been prepared in recent years to increase the systemic availability of curcumin; Longvida®, a solid lipid curcumin particle preparation, is one such formulation that has shown enhanced bioavailability compared with standard curcuminoid extracts. As part of a safety assessment of Longvida® for use as a food ingredient, a bacterial reverse mutation test (OECD TG 471) and mammalian cell erythrocyte micronucleus test (OECD TG 474) were conducted to assess its genotoxic potential. In the bacterial reverse mutation test, Longvida® did not induce base‐pair or frame‐shift mutations at the histidine locus in the genome of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, and TA1537, in the presence or absence of exogenous metabolic activation. Additionally, two gavage doses (24 hours apart) of Longvida® to Swiss albino mice at 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg body weight/day did not cause structural or numerical chromosomal damage in somatic cells in the mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test. It was therefore concluded that Longvida® is non‐genotoxic. The genotoxic potential of a solid lipid curcumin particle preparation (Longvida®), which provides a more bioavailable source of curcuminoids compared with standard curcumin extracts, was assessed using a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) and mammalian cell erythrocyte micronucleus test. Longvida® did not induce base‐pair or frame‐shift mutations in the Ames test and did not cause structural or numerical chromosomal damage in somatic cells in the mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test. It was therefore concluded that Longvida® is non‐genotoxic.
Turmeric, the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L., is one of the top selling spices, food preservatives, and food colorants. In addition, it exhibits health promoting benefits owing to its unique phytochemical composition. Nevertheless, it is commonly subjected to heat drying, hence, the dried powder is the most used form and can easily be adulterated with allied species. Therefore, our research aimed to profile the phytochemical composition and investigate the impact of drying of turmeric. Extraction and fractionation followed by LC-and GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 161 metabolites belonged to various phytochemical classes. Moreover, multivariate data analysis identified curcuminoids, terpecurcumins, and organic acids as potential markers for drying. Based on the applied analytical techniques in combination with chemometrics, these investigations have succeeded to provide good coverage of the metabolome of turmeric in both fresh and dried forms.
Objective:
The study objective was to assess the effectiveness of a turmeric- and sandal wood oil-containing cream [Vicco(®) turmeric cream (VTC); Vicco Laboratories, Parel, India] on radiodermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy.
Methods:
A total of 50 patients with head and neck cancer requiring >60 Gy of curative radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy were enrolled in the study. The volunteers were randomly divided into two groups of 25 patients. Group 1 was assigned to a topical application of Johnson's(®) baby oil (Johnson & Johnson Ltd, Baddi, India) and Group 2 for VTC. Prophylactic application of the cream was initiated on Day 1 and continued every day until 2 weeks after the end of treatment. Both agents were symmetrically applied within the irradiated field five times a day, and the acute skin reactions were assessed twice weekly in accordance with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scores by an investigator who was unaware of the details.
Results:
The incidence of radiodermatitis increased with the exposure to radiation and was the highest in both groups at Week 7. However, a significant reduction in grades of dermatitis were seen in cohorts applying VTC at all time points, including 2 weeks post radiotherapy (p < 0.015 to p < 0.001). The occurrence of Grade 3 dermatitis was lower in the cohorts using VTC and was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Additionally, follow-up observations 2 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy also showed a reduced degree of radiodermatitis in cohorts applying VTC, which was significant (p = 0.015).
Conclusion:
VTC is shown to be effective in preventing radiodermatitis and needs to be validated in larger double-blind trials.
Advances in knowledge:
For the first time, this study shows that the turmeric- and sandal oil-based cream was effective in preventing radiation-induced dermatitis.
Uremic pruritus as a symptom that affects hemodialysis (HD) patients can decrease the quality of life and increase morbidity in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of turmeric on uremic pruritus in HD patients.
This was a double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted on 100 HD patients suffering from pruritus. Patients (mean age 53.3 ± 15.8 years) were randomized into two groups: turmeric and placebo. The pruritus score and biochemical determinants including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were compared before and at the end of the study between the two groups.
The mean decrease in hs-CRP was significantly higher in the turmeric than the placebo group (-0.8 ± 2.6 vs. 0.4 ± 8.7 mg/l, p = 0.012). Also reduction of pruritus scores was greater in the turmeric than the placebo group (13.6 ± 2.6 vs. 7.2 ± 2.6, p = 0.001). No side effect was observed during the study due to the use of turmeric.
This study demonstrates the possible efficacy of turmeric in decreasing hs-CRP and uremic pruritus in end stage renal disease patients. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of turmeric.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the improvement of diabetic microangiopathy in patients suffering from this condition since at least five years, and whose disease was managed without insulin.
Curcumin, the orange pigment of turmeric, has recently received increasing attention because of its antioxidant properties, mediated by both direct oxygen radical quenching and by induction of anti-oxidant responses via Nrf2 activation. This aspect, combined with the beneficial effects on endothelial function and on tissue and plasma inflammatory status, makes curcumin potentially useful for the management of diabetic microangiopathy. To further evaluate this, Meriva, a lecithinized formulation of curcumin, was administered at the dosage of two tablets/day (1 g Meriva/day) to 25 diabetic patients for four weeks. A comparable group of subjects followed the best possible management for this type of patients.
All subjects in the treatment and control group completed the follow-up period; there were no dropouts. In the treatment group, at four weeks, microcirculatory and clinical evaluations indicated a decrease in skin flux (P<0.05) at the surface of the foot, a finding diagnostic of an improvement in microangiopathy, the flux being generally increased in patients affected by diabetic microangiopathy. Also, a significant decrease in the edema score (P<0.05) and a corresponding improvement in the venoarteriolar response (P<0.05) were observed. The PO2 increased at four weeks (P<0.05), as expected from a better oxygen diffusion into the skin due to the decreased edema. These findings were present in all subjects using Meriva, while no clinical or microcirculatory effects were observed in the control group.
Meriva was, in general, well tolerated, and these preliminary findings suggest the usefulness of this curcumin formulation for the management of diabetic microangiopathy, opening a window of opportunities to be evaluated in more prolonged and larger studies. The molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of curcumin on microcirculation and edema are also worth investigation.
Skin is among the first and most heavily damaged organs upon sulphur mustard (SM) exposure. Pruritus is the most common chronic skin complication of SM, which adversely affects the quality of life (QoL). However, current therapies for the management of SM-induced pruritus are very limited and associated with side effects. The present trial investigated the efficacy of curcumin in the alleviation of SM-induced chronic pruritic symptoms. A total of ninety-six male Iranian veterans (age 37-59 years) were randomised to receive either curcumin (1 g/d, n 46) or placebo (n 50) for 4 weeks. Serum concentrations of substance P and activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured at baseline and at the end of the trial. Assessment of pruritus severity was performed using the pruritus score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index. QoL was evaluated using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. Serum concentrations of substance P (P < 0·001) as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (P = 0·02), glutathione peroxidase (P = 0·006) and catalase (P < 0·001) were significantly reduced in the curcumin group, while no significant change was observed in the placebo group. Curcumin supplementation was also associated with significant reductions in measures of pruritus severity including the pruritus score (P < 0·001), VAS score (P < 0·001), overall (P < 0·001) and objective SCORAD (P = 0·009), and DLQI's first question (P < 0·001). None of these measures was significantly changed in the placebo group. As for the QoL, although DLQI scores decreased in both groups (P < 0·001 and P = 0·003 in the curcumin and placebo groups, respectively), the magnitude of reduction was significantly greater in the curcumin group (P < 0·001). In conclusion, curcumin may be regarded as a natural, safe, widely available and inexpensive treatment for the management of SM-induced chronic pruritus.
To date, we are unaware of a review that has investigated common cosmeceutical ingredients in order to answer the three specific questions proposed by the father of cosmeceuticals, Dr. Albert Kligman. It is the goal of this review to gather all the published scientific data on five common cosmeceutical ingredients, answer the three major questions about the scientific rationale for their use, and ascertain how much we really know about consumers' favorite cosmeceutical ingredients.Most of the research concerning cosmeceutical retinoid ingredients is based upon the effects of retinoic acid on the skin. Clinical trials concerning retinol and retinaldehyde are scant and lacking in statistical evaluation for significance. There is research substantiating the effects of kinetin in plants and also in-vitro antioxidant effects. However, proof of anti-aging activity remains elusive, and the clinical efficacy of kinetin is based on limited data. Niacinamide is the ingredient investigated that most closely upholds the "Kligman standards" of cosmeceutical-ingredient analysis. With the available scientific evidence on topical niacinamide, clinicians are able to adequately answer questions about permeability, mechanism, and clinical effect. Both green tea and soy have been popularized commercially based on their antioxidant effects, yet there is a paucity of clinical studies concerning their efficacy as topical anti-aging agents. It may be that soy and green tea are better at preventing the signs and symptoms of skin aging than actually reversing them. Since cosmeceutical products are claiming to therapeutically affect the structure and function of the skin, it is rational and necessary to hold them to specified scientific standards that substantiate efficacy claims.
The cytoskeletal protein, FtsZ plays a pivotal role in prokaryotic cell division and is present in majority of the bacterial species. In recent years, inhibitors of FtsZ have been identified that may function as lead compounds for the development of novel antimicrobials. It has been found that curcumin, the main bioactive component of Curcuma longa, inhibits Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli growth by inhibiting FtsZ assembly. Though it is experimentally established that curcumin inhibits FtsZ polymerization, the binding site of curcumin in FtsZ is not known. In this study, interaction of curcumin with catalytic core domain of E. coli and B. subtilis FtsZ was investigated using computational docking.
It has been suggested that the quality of clinical trials should be assessed by blinded raters to limit the risk of introducing bias into meta-analyses and systematic reviews, and into the peer-review process. There is very little evidence in the literature to substantiate this. This study describes the development of an instrument to assess the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in pain research and its use to determine the effect of rater blinding on the assessments of quality. A multidisciplinary panel of six judges produced an initial version of the instrument. Fourteen raters from three different backgrounds assessed the quality of 36 research reports in pain research, selected from three different samples. Seven were allocated randomly to perform the assessments under blind conditions. The final version of the instrument included three items. These items were scored consistently by all the raters regardless of background and could discriminate between reports from the different samples. Blind assessments produced significantly lower and more consistent scores than open assessments. The implications of this finding for systematic reviews, meta-analytic research and the peer-review process are discussed.
The extract of medicinal plants containing curcumin is traditionally believed to have a positive contraction effect on the human gall-bladder.
To compare the effect of 20 mg curcumin or placebo on the gall-bladder volume of healthy volunteers.
A randomized, double blind and crossover design study was carried out in 12 healthy volunteers (seven males and five females). Ultrasonography examination was carried out serially to measure the gall-bladder volume. The data obtained was analysed by paired Student's t-test.
The fasting gall-bladder volumes of 15.74 +/- 4.29 mL on curcumin and 15.98 +/- 4.08 mL on placebo were similar (P > 0.20). The gall-bladder volume was reduced within the period after curcumin administration. The percentage of gall-bladder volume reduction at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 h after 20 mg curcumin administration were 11.8 +/- 6.9, 16.8 +/- 7.4, 22.0 +/- 8.5 and 29. 3 +/- 8.3%, respectively, which was statistically significant compared to placebo.
On the basis of the present findings, it appears that curcumin induces contraction of the human gall-bladder.
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a yellow substance from the root of the plant Curcuma longa Linn., has been demonstrated to inhibit carcinogenesis of murine skin, stomach, intestine and liver. However, the toxicology, pharmacokinetics and biologically effective dose of curcumin in humans have not been reported. This prospective phase-I study evaluated these issues of curcumin in patients with one of the following five high-risk conditions: 1) recently resected urinary bladder cancer; 2) arsenic Bowen's disease of the skin; 3) uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN); 4) oral leucoplakia; and 5) intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. Curcumin was taken orally for 3 months. Biopsy of the lesion sites was done immediately before and 3 months after starting curcumin treament. The starting dose was 500 mg/day. If no toxicity > or = grade II was noted in at least 3 successive patients, the dose was then escalated to another level in the order of 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, and 12,000 mg/day. The concentration of curcumin in serum and urine was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 25 patients were enrolled in this study. There was no treatment-related toxicity up to 8,000 mg/day. Beyond 8,000 mg/day, the bulky volume of the drug was unacceptable to the patients. The serum concentration of curcumin usually peaked at 1 to 2 hours after oral intake of crucumin and gradually declined within 12 hours. The average peak serum concentrations after taking 4,000 mg, 6,000 mg and 8,000 mg of curcumin were 0.51 +/- 0.11 microM, 0.63 +/- 0.06 microM and 1.77 +/- 1.87 microM, respectively. Urinary excretion of curcumin was undetectable. One of 4 patients with CIN and 1 of 7 patients with oral leucoplakia proceeded to develop frank malignancies in spite of curcumin treatment. In contrast, histologic improvement of precancerous lesions was seen in 1 out of 2 patients with recently resected bladder cancer, 2 out of 7 patients of oral leucoplakia, 1 out of 6 patients of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, I out of 4 patients with CIN and 2 out of 6 patients with Bowen's disease. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that curcumin is not toxic to humans up to 8,000 mg/day when taken by mouth for 3 months. Our results also suggest a biologic effect of curcumin in the chemoprevention of cancer.
Recently, there have been considerable efforts to search for naturally occurring substances that can inhibit, reverse, or retard the multi-stage carcinogenesis. A wide array of phenolic substances derived from edible and medicinal plants have been reported to possess anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities and in many cases, the chemopreventive activities of phytochemicals are associated with their anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidative properties. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer cultivated in Korea has been widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Certain fractions or purified ingredients of ginseng have been shown to exert anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. Our previous studies have revealed that the methanol extract of heat-processed Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer attenuates the lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates and is also capable of scavenging superoxide generated by xanthine- xanthine oxidase or by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. Topical application of the same extract onto shaven backs of female ICR mice also suppressed TPA-induced skin tumor promotion. Likewise, topical application of ginsenoside Rg3, one of the constituents of heat-treated ginseng, significantly inhibited TPA-induced mouse epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and skin tumor promotion. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in TPA-stimulated mouse skin was markedly suppressed by Rg3 pretreatment. In addition, Rg3 inhibited TPA-stimulated activation of NF-kappaB and extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK), one of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in mouse skin and also in cultured human breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A).
Curcumin, derived from the rhizome curcuma longa, is one of the primary ingredients in turmeric and curry powders that are used as spices in Middle Eastern and Asian countries, especially on the Indian subcontinent. More recently, laboratory studies have demonstrated that dietary curcumin exhibits various biological activities and significantly inhibits colon tumorigenesis and tumor size in animals. Curcumin displays both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, giving it the potential to be considered in the development of cancer preventive strategies and applications in clinical research. Experimental studies have shown the biological activities of the compound, but much more information on pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and food content are needed. Whether the amount of curcumin in turmeric and curry powders is sufficient to suggest effects on biological activities and cancer risk is unknown. To determine and compare the quantitative amounts of curcumin that are present in several brands of turmeric and curry powders, a high performance liquid chromatography technique was used to analyze 28 spice products described as turmeric or curry powders and two negative controls. Pure turmeric powder had the highest curcumin concentration, averaging 3.14% by weight. The curry powder samples, with one exception, had relatively small amounts of curcumin present, and the variability in content was great. The curcumin content of these seasoning products that are consumed as a component of the diet should be considered in evaluating baseline tissue concentration and response to curcumin supplementation, which is under study in chemoprevention trials.
Lipid peroxidation has been implicated in a variety of diseases. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major oxidation by-product, is cytotoxic, mutagenic, and genotoxic, being involved in disease pathogenesis. Naturally occurring pharmacologically active small molecules are very attractive as natural nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Interest has greatly increased recently in the pharmacotherapeutic potential of curcumin, the yellow pigment found in the rhizomes of the perennial herb Curcuma longa (turmeric). Curcumin is efficacious against colon cancer, cystic fibrosis, and a variety of other disorders. Curcumin's full pharmacological potential is limited owing to its extremely limited water solubility. We report here that the water solubility of curcumin could be increased from 0.6 microg/ml to 7.4 microg/ml (12-fold increase) by the use of heat. Spectrophotometric (400-700 nm) and mass spectrometric profiling of the heat-extracted curcumin displays no significant heat-mediated disintegration of curcumin. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that employed HNE modification of solid-phase antigen, we found that the heat-solubilized curcumin inhibited HNE-protein modification by 80%. Thus, inhibition of HNE modification may be a mechanism by which curcumin exerts its effect. We also report a simple assay to detect curcumin spectrophotometrically. Curcumin was solubilized in methanol and serially diluted in methanol to obtain a set of standards that were then read for optical density at 405 nm. Curcumin in the heat-solubilized samples was determined from this standard. Heat-solubilized curcumin should be considered in clinical trials involving curcumin, especially in the face of frustrating results obtained regarding curcumin-mediated correction of cystic fibrosis defects.
The global popularity of herbal supplements and the promise they hold in treating various disease states have caused an unprecedented interest in understanding the molecular basis of the biological activity of traditional remedies. This volume focuses on presenting current scientific evidence of biomolecular effects of selected herbs and their relation to clinical outcome and promotion of human health. This book also addresses the ethical challenges of using herbal medicine and its integration into modern, evidence-based medicine.
Drawing from the work of leading international researchers in different fields, this book contains an in-depth scientific examination of effects of individual herbs, as well as their use in the treatment of important diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, dermatologic disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and diabetes. Due to the strong associations among oxidative stress, ageing, and disease, the powerful antioxidant properties of herbs and spices are also examined. The herbs featured are some of the most widely used remedies and cover a wide range, including flowering herbs, fruits and berries, roots and rhizomes, and fungi.
To help bring a new level of quality control to the production of herbal extracts, the use of mass spectrometry and chemometric fingerprinting technology in the authentication of herbs is also presented. As the need for effective, affordable health promotion and treatment increases, especially in the growing ageing population, there is demand for rigorous scientific examination of herbal medicines. This timely and comprehensive volume addresses this need and is an important text for medical professionals and researchers, as well as those interested in herbal or complementary medicine.
Botanical extracts and single compounds are increasingly used in cosmetics but also in over-the-counter drugs and food supplements. The focus of the present review is on controlled clinical trials with botanicals in the treatment of acne, inflammatory skin diseases, skin infections, UV-induced skin damage, skin cancer, alopecia, vitiligo, and wounds. Studies with botanical cosmetics and drugs are discussed, as well as studies with botanical food supplements. Experimental research on botanicals was considered to a limited extent when it seemed promising for clinical use in the near future. In acne therapy, Mahonia, tea tree oil, and Saccharomyces may have the potential to become standard treatments. Mahonia, Hypericum, Glycyrrhiza and some traditional Chinese medicines appear promising for atopic dermatitis. Some plant-derived substances like dithranol and methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) [in combination with UVA] are already accepted as standard treatments in psoriasis; Mahonia and Capsicum (capsaicin) are the next candidates suggested by present evidence. Oral administration and topical application of antioxidant plant extracts (green and black tea, carotenoids, coffee, and many flavonoids from fruits and vegetables) can protect skin from UV-induced erythema, early aging, and irradiation-induced cancer. Hair loss and vitiligo are also traditional fields of application for botanicals. According to the number and quality of clinical trials with botanicals, the best evidence exists for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, i.e. atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. However, many more controlled clinical studies are needed to determine the efficacy and risks of plant-derived products in dermatology. Safety aspects, especially related to sensitization and photodermatitis, have to be taken into account. Therefore, clinicians should not only be informed of the beneficial effects but also the specific adverse effects of botanicals used for dermatologic disorders and cosmetic purposes.
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses represent the uppermost ladders in the hierarchy of evidence. Systematic reviews/meta-analyses suggest preliminary or satisfactory clinical evidence for agnus castus (Vitex agnus castus) for premenstrual complaints, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) for hypertension, feverfew (Tanacetum partenium) for migraine prevention, ginger (Zingiber officinalis) for pregnancy-induced nausea, ginseng (Panax ginseng) for improving fasting glucose levels as well as phytoestrogens and St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) for the relief of some symptoms in menopause. However, firm conclusions of efficacy cannot be generally drawn. On the other hand, inconclusive evidence of efficacy or contradictory results have been reported for Aloe vera in the treatment of psoriasis, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) in cystitis prevention, ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) for tinnitus and intermittent claudication, echinacea (Echinacea spp.) for the prevention of common cold and pomegranate (Punica granatum) for the prevention/treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A critical evaluation of the clinical data regarding the adverse effects has shown that herbal remedies are generally better tolerated than synthetic medications. Nevertheless, potentially serious adverse events, including herb-drug interactions, have been described. This suggests the need to be vigilant when using herbal remedies, particularly in specific conditions, such as during pregnancy and in the paediatric population. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human studies of curcumin extract on lipid-lowering effect have not been completely investigated and have had controversy results. This study tested the effect of daily curcumin extract for 12 weeks on weight, glucose, and lipid profiles in patients with metabolic syndrome. Sixty-five patients were randomized into two groups; 33 patients taking curcumin extract capsule (630 mg thrice daily) and 32 patients taking a placebo capsule thrice daily for 12 weeks. At 12 weeks after the curcumin extract consumption, the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly increased from 40.96 ± 8.59 to 43.76 ± 2.79 mg/dL (p < 0.05), and the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was significantly reduced (120.55 ± 36.81 to 106.51 ± 25.02 mg/dL, p < 0.05). The triglyceride-lowering effect, a reduction of 65 mg/dL, was also found in this study. In subgroups analysis, the consumption of curcumin may have a lowering cholesterol effect in male patients and an increasing HDL-C effect in female patients, both of which result in a decrease of T-Chol/HDL-C ratio. The intake of the curcumin extract of 1890 mg/day for 12 weeks was associated with lipid-lowering effect but did not improve weight and glucose homeostasis in the patients with metabolic syndrome. Daily curcumin consumption may be an alternative choice to modify cholesterol-related parameters, especially in metabolic syndrome patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This study aimed to assess the possible beneficial effects of curcumin capsules as lipid-lowering effects and as a permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide and as a P-gp substrate with glyburide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Open-label, randomized control trial was carried out for 11 days on eight type-2 diabetic patients on glyburide therapy. On the first day of the study, following the administration of 5 mg of glyburide, blood samples were collected from the patients at various time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 24 h. Blood sampling was repeated on the 11th day of the study, after treating the patients with curcumin for ten consecutive days. Glyburide concentrations changed at the second hour, Cmax was unchanged, the glucose levels were decreased, Area Under first Movement Curre (AUMC) was increased, and no patient has experienced the hypoglycaemia. The low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides were decreased significantly, and the high-density lipoprotein content increased. The co-administration of curcumin capsules with glyburide may be beneficial to the patients in better glycaemic control. The lipid lowering and antidiabetic properties of the curcumin show as a potential future drug molecule. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Curcuminoids are bioactive polyphenolics with potent antiinflammatory properties. Although several lines of in vitro and preclinical evidence suggest potent anticancer effects of curcuminoids, clinical findings have not been conclusive. The present randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of curcuminoids as adjuvant therapy in cancer patients. Eighty subjects with solid tumors who were under standard chemotherapy regimens were randomly assigned to a bioavailability-boosted curcuminoids preparation (180 mg/day; n = 40) or matched placebo (n = 40) for a period of 8 weeks. Efficacy measures were changes in the health-related quality of life (QoL) score (evaluated using the University of Washington index) and serum levels of a panel of mediators implicated in systemic inflammation including interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8), TNF-α, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Curcuminoid supplementation was associated with a significantly greater improvement in QoL compared with placebo (p < 0.001). Consistently, the magnitude of reductions in TNF-α (p < 0.001), TGFβ (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p = 0.061), substance P (p = 0.005), hs-CRP (p < 0.001), CGRP (p < 0.001) and MCP-1 (p < 0.001) were all significantly greater in the curcuminoids versus placebo group. In contrast, the extent of reduction in serum IL-8 was significantly greater with placebo versus curcuminoids (p = 0.012). Quality of life variations were associated with changes in serum TGFβ levels in both correlation and regression analyses. Adjuvant therapy with a bioavailable curcuminoid preparation can significantly improve QoL and suppress systemic inflammation in patients with solid tumors who are under treatment with standard chemotherapy protocols. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Background: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this context, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as a strong predictor and independent risk factor of CVD. Curcuminoids are multifunctional natural product with promising cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Curcuminoids have been suggested to lower circulating levels of CRP, but clinical findings have not been consistent. Objectives: To pool the published results of clinical trials on the impact of supplementation with curcuminoids on circulating levels of CRP. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases were searched for clinical trials reporting circulating CRP changes in individuals receiving curcuminoids. Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Inter-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and I(2) tests. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using leave-one-out method. Results: Six trials comprising 172 subjects in the curcuminoids group and 170 subjects in the placebo group fulfilled the eligibility criteria and included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, supplementation with curcuminoids was associated with a significant reduction in circulating CRP levels (weighed mean difference: -6.44 mg/L; 95% CI: -10.77 - -2.11; p = 0.004). This significant effect was maintained in subgroups of trials that used bioavailability-improved preparations of curcuminoids and had supplementation duration of ≥4 weeks, but not in the subgroups without these characteristics. Conclusions: Supplementation with curcuminoids may reduce circulating CRP levels. This effect appears to depend on the bioavailability of curcuminoids preparations and also duration of supplementation. Future well-designed and long-term trials are warranted to verify this effect of curcuminoids. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Curcumin, an active ingredient of Curcuma longa Linn (Zingiberaceae), has shown potential antidepressant-like activity in animal studies. The objectives of this trial were to compare the efficacy and safety of curcumin with fluoxetine in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Herein, 60 patients diagnosed with MDD were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio for six weeks observer-masked treatment with fluoxetine (20 mg) and curcumin (1000 mg) individually or their combination. The primary efficacy variable was response rates according to Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, 17-item version (HAM-D17 ). The secondary efficacy variable was the mean change in HAM-D17 score after six weeks. We observed that curcumin was well tolerated by all the patients. The proportion of responders as measured by the HAM-D17 scale was higher in the combination group (77.8%) than in the fluoxetine (64.7%) and the curcumin (62.5%) groups; however, these data were not statistically significant (P = 0.58). Interestingly, the mean change in HAM-D17 score at the end of six weeks was comparable in all three groups (P = 0.77). This study provides first clinical evidence that curcumin may be used as an effective and safe modality for treatment in patients with MDD without concurrent suicidal ideation or other psychotic disorders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiation dermatitis occurs in approximately 95% of patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the ability of curcumin to reduce radiation dermatitis severity in 30 breast cancer patients. Eligible patients were adult females with noninflammatory breast cancer or carcinoma in situ prescribed RT without concurrent chemotherapy. Randomized patients took 2.0 grams of curcumin or placebo orally three times per day (i.e., 6.0 grams daily) throughout their course of RT. Weekly assessments included Radiation Dermatitis Severity (RDS) score, presence of moist desquamation, redness measurement, McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form and Symptom Inventory questionnaire. The 30 evaluable patients were primarily white (90%) and had a mean age of 58.1 years. Standard pooled variances t test showed that curcumin reduced RDS at end of treatment compared to placebo (mean RDS = 2.6 vs. 3.4; P = 0.008). Fisher's exact test revealed that fewer curcumin-treated patients had moist desquamation (28.6% vs. 87.5%; P = 0.002). No significant differences were observed between arms for demographics, compliance, radiation skin dose, redness, pain or symptoms. In conclusion, oral curcumin, 6.0 g daily during radiotherapy, reduced the severity of radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients.
Background:
Chronic cutaneous complications such as pruritus are among the very frequent complaints of sulphur mustard (SM)-exposed patients. The present trial investigated the impact of curcumin on serum inflammatory biomarkers and their association with pruritus severity and quality of life (QoL).
Methods:
This was a randomized, double-blind trial among 96 male Iranian veterans (age 37-59 y) who were suffering from chronic SM-induced pruritic skin lesions. Patients were randomly assigned to curcumin (1 g/d, n = 46) or placebo (n = 50) for four weeks. Serum concentrations of interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8) together with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were measured at baseline and at the end of the trial. Assessment of pruritus severity was performed using the pruritus score and QoL using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).
Results:
Serum IL-8 and hs-CRP were significantly reduced in both groups but the magnitude of reduction was greater in the curcumin group (P < 0.001). Serum CGRP was only decreased in the curcumin group (P < 0.001). No significant change was observed in serum IL-6. There were significant correlations between CGRP and IL-6 changes (P = 0.011) and between DLQI and IL-8 changes (P = 0.026) in the curcumin group. In the curcumin group, changes in serum IL-8 concentrations were found as the significant predictor of DLQI scores (P = 0.026) but none of the independent variables could predict pruritus scores.
Conclusions:
Curcumin supplementation effectively mitigates inflammation in patients suffering from chronic SM-induced cutaneous complications. This anti-inflammatory effect might account for the observed pruritus alleviation and QoL improvement by this phytochemical.
Curcumin (CUR), a bioactive component of turmeric, which is a commonly used spice and nutritional supplement, is isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn. (Zingiberaceae). In recent years, the potential pharmacological actions of CUR in inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and neurological disorders have been shown. However, the clinical application of CUR is severely limited by its main drawbacks such as instability, low solubility, poor bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Multifarious nanotechnology-based delivery approaches have been used to enhance the oral bioavailability, biological activity or tissue-targeting ability of CUR. This article reviews potential novel drug delivery systems for CUR including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, nanogels, nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, complexes and dendrimer/dimer, which provide promising results for CUR to improve its biological activities.
Summary To determine whether abnormal activity of a calmodulin-containing enzyme which catalyses phosphorylation reactions may play a pathogenetic role in psoriasis, the presence and activity of phosphorylase kinase (PK) in human epidermis were determined in patients with untreated/active psoriasis (n=10), treated/resolving psoriasis (n= 10), and non-psoriatic controls (n= 10). Biopsies were taken from involved and uninvolved skin for PK, organic phosphorus, and inorganic phosphate estimation, and light and electron microscopy. The enzyme was present in involved and uninvolved skin of every patient in the study. PK activity (units/mg protein) was significantly higher in active psoriasis than in resolving psoriasis and controls. PK activity correlated directly with organic phosphorus levels, and inversely with the extent of cellular glycogenolysis measured by the depletion of glycogen granules within the keratinocytes. The study demonstrates that PK is present in both psoriatic and normal epidermis, with significantly higher levels in active psoriasis. Furthermore, higher levels of PK activity, glycogenolysis and phosphorylation are associated with increased clinical psoriatic activity. We conclude that PK, a calmodulin-containing enzyme, is involved in regulating calcium-dependent phosphorylation events in human epidermis, and disturbance of its activity may play a key role in the clinical manifestations of psoriasis.
Phosphorylase kinase (PhK), also known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-phosphorylase b phosphotransferase, integrates multiple calcium/calmodulin-dependent signalling pathways, including those involved in cell migration and cell proliferation, while coupling these pathways to glycogenolysis and ATP-dependent phosphorylation, thus ensuring continuing energy supply for these activities.
Our laboratory recently reported correlation of elevated PhK activity with psoriatic activity. This study further evaluates the significance of drug-induced suppression of PhK activity on psoriatic activity.
PhK activity was assayed in four groups, each with 10 patients: (i) active untreated psoriasis; (ii) resolving psoriasis treated by calcipotriol (Dovonex(R), Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, U.S.A. ), a vitamin D3 analogue and an indirect inhibitor of PhK; (iii) curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a selective PhK inhibitor; and (iv) 10 normal non-psoriatic subjects.
PhK activity in units mg-1 protein was highest in active untreated psoriasis (1204 +/- 804.3; mean +/- SD), lower in the calcipotriol-treated group (550.7 +/- 192. 9), lower in curcumin-treated group (207.2 +/- 97.6), and lowest in normal skin (105.4 +/- 44.6). One-way analysis of variance performed on log-transformed PhK activity measure showed significant differences among the four groups, F3,36 = 48.79, P < 0.0001. Decreased PhK activity in curcumin-and calcipotriol-treated psoriasis was associated with corresponding decreases in keratinocyte transferrin receptor (TRR) expression, severity of parakeratosis and density of epidermal CD8+ T cells.
Our results demonstrate that drug-induced suppression of PhK activity is associated with resolution of psoriatic activity as assessed by clinical, histological and immunohistochemical criteria, and support the hypothesis that effective antipsoriatic activity may be achieved through modulation of PhK activity.
To summarize long-term open-label use of curcuminoids and experience of side-effects in 53 patients with the autoimmune condition oral lichen planus (OLP) who had previously participated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of curcuminoids at UCSF.
This descriptive retrospective cohort study conducted in 2009 collected information from clinic charts and patient interview on the over-the-counter (OTC) use of curcuminoids during a 1-5 year follow-up period. Of the 53 eligible patients, 33 had previously participated in a RCT (2003-2004) that evaluated a dose of 2000mg/day of curcuminoids and which was ended early for futility and 20 had participated in a RCT (2007-2008) that evaluated a dose of 6000mg/day which demonstrated its efficacy. At the last study visit of each of the 2 RCTs all participants were given current published information about curcuminoids, and some went on to take OTC curcuminoids.
Follow-up data was available on 43 participants [25/33 (75%) from the first and 19/20 (95%) from the second RCT]. 18/25 (72%) participants from the first trial took OTC curcuminoids after completion of the trial period. The mean total daily dose was 2137.5mg (SD=793, range 500-3000mg) and mean duration of curcuminoids use was 30 months (SD=27.5). The total follow-up time after completion of the RCT for the 18 participants was mean 68.2 months (SD 5.9). 10/18 (56%) reported that curcuminoids controlled OLP symptoms, and the mean duration of use among these patients was 35.8 months (SD 27.4). 8/18 (44%) were unsure whether curcuminoids helped and the mean duration of use was 21.0 months (SD 27.3). 2 of 18 patients (11%) reported a side-effect (SE) of diarrhea. 19/19 (100%) patients from the second trial took OTC curcuminoids after completion of the trial period. The mean total daily dose was 5058mg (SD=1445, range 1000-6000mg) and mean duration of curcuminoids use 9.6 months (SD=8.04). The total follow-up time after completion of the RCT for the 19 participants was mean 15.8 months (SD 4.8). 12/19 (63%) reported that curcuminoids controlled OLP symptoms, and the mean duration of use was 14.1 months (SD 6.7). 2/19 (11%) reported lack of improvement with a daily dose of 1500mg and 2500mg for 3 months each. 5/19 (26%) were unsure whether curcuminoids helped and the mean duration of use was 1.5 months (1.2 SD). Six of these 19 patients (32%) reported SEs, three had abdominal discomfort, two diarrhea and one slight urgency in defecation on the capsule but not the tablet formulation. The SEs resolved with dose reduction to 4500mg/day in one and 3000mg/day in two patients, while two patients [2/19 (11%)] discontinued curcuminoids due to the SE.
A total of 22/37 (60%) of patients reported a reduction of symptoms with curcuminoids, 13/37 (35%) were unsure and 2/37 (5%) reported that it did not help in reduction of symptoms. Side-effects included abdominal discomfort and diarrhea, however occurrence was dose-related, and complaints were mild.
1. Curcumin is the active ingredient of the dietary spice turmeric and has been consumed for medicinal purposes for thousands of years. Modern science has shown that curcumin modulates various signalling molecules, including inflammatory molecules, transcription factors, enzymes, protein kinases, protein reductases, carrier proteins, cell survival proteins, drug resistance proteins, adhesion molecules, growth factors, receptors, cell cycle regulatory proteins, chemokines, DNA, RNA and metal ions.
2. Because of this polyphenol’s potential to modulate multiple signalling molecules, it has been reported to possess pleiotropic activities. First demonstrated to have antibacterial activity in 1949, curcumin has since been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, pro-apoptotic, chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic, antiproliferative, wound healing, antinociceptive, antiparasitic and antimalarial properties as well. Animal studies have suggested that curcumin may be active against a wide range of human diseases, including diabetes, obesity, neurological and psychiatric disorders and cancer, as well as chronic illnesses affecting the eyes, lungs, liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems.
3. Although many clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of curcumin against human ailments have already been completed, others are still ongoing. Moreover, curcumin is used as a supplement in several countries, including India, Japan, the US, Thailand, China, Korea, Turkey, South Africa, Nepal and Pakistan. Although inexpensive, apparently well tolerated and potentially active, curcumin has not been approved for the treatment of any human disease.
4. In the present article, we discuss the discovery and key biological activities of curcumin, with a particular emphasis on its activities at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as in animals and humans.