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Coupling Hyperspectral imaging and
Coupling Hyperspectral imaging and Lidar
Lidar measurements to estimate gas and
measurements to estimate gas and
aerosols emissions from industrial and anthropogenic sources
aerosols emissions from industrial and anthropogenic sources
Current developments in Hyperspectral imaging and Lidar technologies provide new opportunities, for high spatial resolution monitoring of emission factors
for anthropogenic sources and biomass fires. We aim to develop a method to improve the 3D characterization and quantification of anthropogenic
emissions at high spatial resolution for gas species (CO2, CH4, SO2, NH3, VOC, ...) and aerosols (BC, organic, sulfate, mineral...).
Aerosols
Aerosols retrieval
retrieval
Hyperspectral imaging
Hyperspectral imaging
Biomass burning
Biomass burning
Industrial sources
Industrial sources
Black carbon
content
Quinault
Biomass buring
(AVIRIS)
Modal radius
0,05µm
0,18µm
0,11µm
BC estimation from AVIRIS Hyperspectral data [A. Alakian et al., 2 009]
Line of flight 2 Line of flight 1
Wind
direction
Source
emission
500m from
emission
Signatures de p anaches d'aér osols de 300m d'épaisseur
Observation à 3km d' altitude
-2,50E+01
-2,00E+01
-1,50E+01
-1,00E+01
-5,00E+00
0,00E+00
5,00E+00
1,00E+01
1,50E+01
2,00E+01
2,50E+01
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
Longueur d'o nde (µm )
Ecart de luminance spectrale
signature Su ie (N=1000e8
particule/ m3)
signature part icules
organiques (N=555 55e8
particule/ m3, rayon 0, 03
µm)
signature part icules
organiques (N=15, 65e8
particule/ m3, rayon 0, 3
µm)
signature Su lfate
(N=11161e8 parti cule/m3)
Aerosols spectral signatures
ΔRadiance W/m2/Str/µm
Aerosol models :
Sulfate (blue)
Soot (black)
Organic fine (light
green)
Organic coarse
(dark green)
Wave number (µm)
First quantitative result of analysis
coming soon…
(Deschamps et al. In prep.)
ªOptical properties quantification (extinction coefficient,
albedo, optical depth)
ª2D estimation of aerosols type and abundance
VIS
VIS-
-NIR Lidar multi
NIR Lidar multi-
-λ
λ
Soot Sulfate
CoarseMaritime
(saltwater)
Fine Maritime
(saltwater)
Lidar
Lidar CALI :
CALI : Lidar
Lidar multi
multi-
-wavelength to
wavelength to
a 3D scan of atmospheric aerosols
a 3D scan of atmospheric aerosols
Contact : Laurent.Hespel@onera.fr / Nicolas.Riviere@onera.fr
Simulation : Retrieved Granulometry for 4 differents mo des in the case of a mix of soot –
sulfate and salt water: case of polluted maritime aeros ols
Simultaneous pulse of :
1 stable wavelength : 532 nm
3 tunable wavelength : UV-VIS (355-532nm)/ NIR (680-900nm) /
SWIR (1.2-2µm)
Nominal concept (summer 2013) :
- Detection of 4 granulometry modes from (50nm to 2µm) using 8
wavelength
-3D scan (30min need) : Angular sampling : 5° / Vertical sampling :
10m / Range : 2km
Gas retrieval
Gas retrieval IR
IR Lidar
Lidar multi
multi-
-λ
λ
¾Development (2013) of a new Tunable MWIR OPO Lidar multi wavelength :
Multi-gas retrievals
¾Gas : SO2, CH4, COV
¾Vertical resolution : 10m
¾Spectral range : 2500-3200 cm-1
¾Distance range : 2km
Contact : Myriam.Raybaut@onera.fr /
Nicolas.Cezard@onera.fr / Thierry.Huet@onera.fr
SO2Dial IR selection at 2540 cm-1
λ
ON
λ
OFF
2-
λ
IP-DIAL for probingthe
lower troposphere
λ
2
λ
OFF
λ
3
λ1 (frequency locking)
multi-
λ
IP-DIAL
λ
ON
λ
OFF
λ
ON
λ
OFF
2-
λ
IP-DIAL for probingthe
lower troposphere
λ
2
λ
OFF
λ
3
λ1 (frequency locking)
λ
2
λ
OFF
λ
3
λ1 (frequency locking)
multi-
λ
IP-DIAL
New
New Lidar
Lidar Concept to explore 3.3
Concept to explore 3.3 µ
µm
m
spectral area
spectral area
CH4multi wavelength selection at 2897 cm-1
3.451 3. 4512 3.4514 3.4516 3.4518 3 .452 3.452 2 3.4524 3.4526
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
epaisseur opt ique cumul ative des g az en foncti on de la longue ur d'onde,
pour la case distance 201 (z=2000 m; h=0 m; P=1013 hPa; T=288.2 K)
CH4
H2O
Hyperspectral imaging
Hyperspectral imaging
Data fusion
Data fusion
ªImprovement of optical properties
retrieval
ª3D mapping of aerosol plume,
with high spatial resolution
Airborne
Airborne
Hyperspectral
Hyperspectral
imaging
imaging
¾Aerosol + Gas 2D retrieval
¾High spatial resolution : 1m
¾Wide spectral range : 0.4-12.5µm
¾Spectral resolution : 3nm (0.4-2.5µm), 10cm-1(3-5µm), 5cm-1 (8-12µm)
On ground
On ground
Lidar
Lidar
¾Aerosol + Gas retrieval
¾Vertical profile
¾Multi-wavelength
Data fusion
Data fusion
ª3D mapping of gas plume, with
high spatial resolution
ªImprovement of the temperature and
concentration retrieval
9Meteorological data (wind direction,
temperature/pression profile, humidity,…)
9Gas dispersion model
Contact : Ramzi.Idoughi@onera.fr / Pierre-Yves.Foucher@onera.fr / Adrien.Deschamps@cea.fr / Xavier.Briottet@onera.fr
Ramzi Idoughi
Ramzi Idoughi1
1, Pierre
, Pierre-
-Yves Foucher
Yves Foucher1
1,
, Adrien
Adrien Deschamps
Deschamps2
2, Xavier Briottet
, Xavier Briottet1
1.
.
1 : ONERA (the French aerospace lab)
1 : ONERA (the French aerospace lab)
2 : CEA (the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commi
2 : CEA (the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission)
ssion)
Validation : simulation Tools
Validation : simulation Tools
ª2D mapping of gas (CO2, SO2, CH4, NH3, NOx, COV,…) plume,
with high spatial resolution
ªMulti-gas detection (unmixing)
ªTemperature and concentration retrieval
Spectra for 4 pixels along the plume
spatial characterization
of concentration and
temperature along the
plume
SO2 retrieved emission map
Industrial plant
(Telops data at 1035 cm-1)
SO2 plume
detection
T°
SO2 Signature
ρSO2
Goal
Goal
Technical means
Technical means
¾Ground :
Ground : ONERA Database (emissivity for different materials with high resolution)
¾
¾Gas :
Gas : PNNL / GEISA / HITRAN
¾
¾Aerosols properties :
Aerosols properties : Industrial plume specific properties (Flamant et al.,
ESCOMPTE data ) / OPAC database / Laser measurements (specific refractive index
estimation)
¾
¾Radiative
Radiative transfer model :
transfer model : MATISSE (ONERA) / 4A / MODTRAN
3D polluted scene simulation (gas + aerosols)
3D polluted scene simulation (gas + aerosols)
for the spectral range [0.4
for the spectral range [0.4-
-12
12µ
µm]
m]
Validation Campaign
Validation Campaign
¾
¾Validation on airborne hyperspectral images
Validation on airborne hyperspectral images
ªComing measurement campaign : ONERA (Lidar + hyperspectral) + in-situ
measurements (Ground truth)
ªExisting images : (Telops, SPIM,…)
450 nm
450 nm
600 nm
600 nm
700 nm
700 nm
900 nm
900 nm
450 nm
450 nm
700 nm
700 nm
900 nm
900 nm
600 nm
600 nm
Radius (µm)
Radius (µm)
Radius (µm)
Radius (µm)
Surface distribution
Surface distribution
Surface distribution
Surface distribution
9Meteorological data (wind direction,
temperature/pression profile, humidity,…)
9Aerosol model
Anthropogenic gases
signatures (PNNL)