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Green practices of the hotel industry: Analysis through the windows of smart tourism system
Abstract
Inspired by the generative characteristics of information on online travel review systems, this study revisits the relationship between the hotel industry’s green practices and customer satisfaction in a more realistic setting. The results show that although a higher intensity of green practices enhances customer satisfaction, it does so only indirectly, through perceived relative quality. From these findings, we provide useful implications for the hotel industry. We also suggest further research to conceptualize the generativity of the information system’s content both in general and in the context of the smart tourism system.
... As noted by Huang et al. (2012) hotels are one of the most energy consumer building types due to their multi-usage functions and the hotel industry is responsible for about 21% of all CO 2 emissions related to tourism (Lee and Cheng, 2018). Consequently, reducing the using of across the hotel supply chain often leads to both substantial cost savings and lower environmental impacts (Al-Aomar and Hussain, 2017;Graci and Dodds, 2008;Kim et al., 2016;Sari and Suslu, 2018).Thus, a hotel's green performance is central to its competitive success in the long-term (Sari and Suslu, 2018). For example, nearly two thirds of travellers and visitors to consider the environment as an important factor in hotel selection, transportation, and meals and they consider green practices when evaluating hospitality businesses, SO most people are willing to pay more money for a hotel with green initiatives (Al-Aomar and Hussain, 2017;Chen and Tung, 2014;Kang et al., 2012;Kim et al., 2016Kim et al., , 2017Lee and Cheng, 2018;Rahman and Reynolds, 2019;Verma and Chandra, 2018;Yusof et al., 2017). ...
... Consequently, reducing the using of across the hotel supply chain often leads to both substantial cost savings and lower environmental impacts (Al-Aomar and Hussain, 2017;Graci and Dodds, 2008;Kim et al., 2016;Sari and Suslu, 2018).Thus, a hotel's green performance is central to its competitive success in the long-term (Sari and Suslu, 2018). For example, nearly two thirds of travellers and visitors to consider the environment as an important factor in hotel selection, transportation, and meals and they consider green practices when evaluating hospitality businesses, SO most people are willing to pay more money for a hotel with green initiatives (Al-Aomar and Hussain, 2017;Chen and Tung, 2014;Kang et al., 2012;Kim et al., 2016Kim et al., , 2017Lee and Cheng, 2018;Rahman and Reynolds, 2019;Verma and Chandra, 2018;Yusof et al., 2017). The results show that complaints about the indoor environmental quality of green hotels are roughly 19% lower than non-green hotels. ...
... However, it cannot be said certainly that environmental management practices affect financial performance positively because some studies do not reveal such a direct connection. One of the research themes in green consumer behaviour is the 'attitude-behaviour gap', which refers to an inconsistency between attitudes and actions (Kim et al., 2016). This gap may be explained by customers' tendency to overstate the strength of their environmental attitudes or intentions because of a bias linked to the social acceptability of pro-environmental responses. ...
... As noted by Huang et al. (2012) hotels are one of the most energy consumer building types due to their multi-usage functions and the hotel industry is responsible for about 21% of all CO 2 emissions related to tourism (Lee and Cheng, 2018). Consequently, reducing the using of across the hotel supply chain often leads to both substantial cost savings and lower environmental impacts (Al-Aomar and Hussain, 2017;Graci and Dodds, 2008;Kim et al., 2016;Sari and Suslu, 2018).Thus, a hotel's green performance is central to its competitive success in the long-term (Sari and Suslu, 2018). For example, nearly two thirds of travellers and visitors to consider the environment as an important factor in hotel selection, transportation, and meals and they consider green practices when evaluating hospitality businesses, SO most people are willing to pay more money for a hotel with green initiatives (Al-Aomar and Hussain, 2017;Chen and Tung, 2014;Kang et al., 2012;Kim et al., 2016Kim et al., , 2017Lee and Cheng, 2018;Rahman and Reynolds, 2019;Verma and Chandra, 2018;Yusof et al., 2017). ...
... Consequently, reducing the using of across the hotel supply chain often leads to both substantial cost savings and lower environmental impacts (Al-Aomar and Hussain, 2017;Graci and Dodds, 2008;Kim et al., 2016;Sari and Suslu, 2018).Thus, a hotel's green performance is central to its competitive success in the long-term (Sari and Suslu, 2018). For example, nearly two thirds of travellers and visitors to consider the environment as an important factor in hotel selection, transportation, and meals and they consider green practices when evaluating hospitality businesses, SO most people are willing to pay more money for a hotel with green initiatives (Al-Aomar and Hussain, 2017;Chen and Tung, 2014;Kang et al., 2012;Kim et al., 2016Kim et al., , 2017Lee and Cheng, 2018;Rahman and Reynolds, 2019;Verma and Chandra, 2018;Yusof et al., 2017). The results show that complaints about the indoor environmental quality of green hotels are roughly 19% lower than non-green hotels. ...
... However, it cannot be said certainly that environmental management practices affect financial performance positively because some studies do not reveal such a direct connection. One of the research themes in green consumer behaviour is the 'attitude-behaviour gap', which refers to an inconsistency between attitudes and actions (Kim et al., 2016). This gap may be explained by customers' tendency to overstate the strength of their environmental attitudes or intentions because of a bias linked to the social acceptability of pro-environmental responses. ...
... For example, consumers are more susceptible to generating negative WOM toward a weak brand than to a strong brand [19,50]. Further, studies reveal that in a competitive market, the relative product quality, rather than the absolute quality, determines the generation of negative WOM [23,31]. Since the spread of WOM is one of the key factors in the success of a seeding strategy, it is plausible that brand strength and relative product quality can be critical factors for identifying an optimal seeding strategy. ...
... In a competitive environment, products' qualities may differ; relative product quality plays a crucial role in eliciting customers' WOM [16]. Kim, Hlee, and Joun [31] showed that consumers' satisfaction and online ratings of a hotel depend on the relative quality of the hotel compared with the hotels in which they had stayed. A key point for product seeding is that firms give away new products to potential consumers for free and encourage them to spread positive WOM. ...
... Businesses may have to change their production inputs or processes to be environmentally friendly and accept lower profitability, at least in the short term. Guests may be forced to pay extra for a more environmentally-friendly product or service or sacrifice their comfort (Kim et al. 2016). ...
... Hotel managers must also pay considerable attention to whether gentle practices do not threaten the satisfaction of guests and their comfort. Although environmental practices are expected to be socially beneficial, they often entail additional costs for accommodations and hotel guests (Kim et al. 2016). Regarding the consequences of adopting proactive environmental strategies integrating elements of sustainable business, bioeconomy, circular economy, and environmental management, the results show (Singjai et al. 2018) that these strategies positively affect both environmental performance and the performance of the organization that is more competitive. ...
Efforts to minimize negative effects on the environment are manifested in the hospitality sector in the form of integrated application of elements of sustainable business, circular economy, bioeconomy, and environmental management. Those who run accommodation facilities are becoming environmentally aware and feel that they should be more involved in sustainable practices and thus contribute to improving the environment both locally and nationally. The main goal of this study is to identify and evaluate the application of selected elements and measures of sustainable business, circular economy, bioeconomy, and environmental management in guesthouses of the Czech Republic. A questionnaire survey (n1 = 343) was carried out together with a qualitative focus group method (n2 = 5); the data evaluation was carried out using advanced statistical methods (Tukey HSD test, Kruskal-Wallis test, correspondence analysis). The results showed that a higher classification in the guesthouse is associated with an increasing trend in the number of environmentally friendly operating methods used. Measures related to waste sorting containers (74%) and energy-saving and LED light bulbs (68%) showed the highest values. The results are useful for the practice of national professional associations that support the careful handling of resources and thereby influence the entire hospitality sector.
... tourism, travel, and hospitality largely represent enterprises with one common goal: to provide both necessary and customized services to travelers (O'Grady et al., 2009;Zatori et al., 2018). For most services, enterprises need to process a wide variety of information to run accommodation operations (e.g., hotel, motels, casinos, and conference centers), transportation services (e.g., airplanes, cruise, ships, and buses), food and beverage operations (e.g., catering, bats, vending machines, and banquets), retail stores (e.g., souvenirs, handicrafts, and gift shops), and other activities ranging from recreation to sporting occasions or ethnic festivals (Kim et al., 2016;Zhang et al., 2018a, b). The travel industry covers both short and long distance and domestic and overseas travel with varied objectives. ...
... The technology can also be used for pre-booking cars or minicabs onboard (Lehe, 2019). Therefore, the application of AI driven facial recognition technology can significantly help customs, hotels, airports, and immigration (Kim et al., 2016;Murphy et al., 2016). The traditional documentation process of customs clearance and immigration consumes a large amount of time, which frustrates tourists. ...
This study aims to investigate the role of artificial intelligence (AI) driven facial recognition to enhance a value proposition by influencing different areas of services in the travel and tourism industry. We adopted semi-structured interviews to derive insights from 26 respondents. Thematic analysis reveals the development of four main themes (personalization, data-driven service offering, security and safety, and seamless payments). Further, we mapped the impact of AI- driven facial recognition to enhance value and experience for corporate guests. Findings indicate that AI-based facial recognition can facilitate the travel and tourism industry in understanding travelers’ needs, optimization of service offers, and value-based services, whereas data-driven services can be realized in the form of customized trip planning, email, and calendar integration, and quick bill summarization. This contributes to strengthening the tourism literature through the lens of organizational information processing theory.
... Therefore, due to government pressure and customers' green awareness, the hospitality industry has started implementing green practices as part of its competitive strategy [10,11]. Research by Kim et al. [12] has found that there is a positive relationship between green practice by the hospitality industry and the satisfaction level of the customer. Much research has noted that awareness for green products and services is growing amongst hotel guests and customers nowadays are willing to pay more for environmental products. ...
... SC13: Use electronic files rather than paper ones. [12,23,29,38] C2: Transportation SC21: Encourage environmentally friendly transportation through incentives. SC22: Provide preferential car parking for alternative transport modes, such as electric, hybrid, or biodiesel carpools. ...
Climate change is the most serious threat that the modern world has ever faced. This has led to increasing attention from the government, industries, researchers, and practitioners on the theme of green practice. Due to the heightened awareness of climate change, the hospitality industry is under pressure to implement green practices and reduce the environmental impact of their operation. The research aims at understanding the indicators that define green practice in the hospitality industry and then developing a model that can be used to measure the green score. The research identifies twenty-six indicators of green practice in the hotel industry. These indicators were clustered into six different criteria. Based on the identified indicators and criteria, an integrated fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method is proposed to calculate the green score. The fuzzy AHP method is used to calculate the weight of the criteria and indicators, while the fuzzy TOPSIS method is used to calculate the green score and rank hotels. The fuzzy AHP result shows that the criterion “Recycling and Reuse” has the highest weight among the identified criteria, while “Green Training and Incentives” has the lowest weight. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated by using a case study of hotels situated in the Sultanate of Oman. The result shows that the 4-star and 5-star hotels in the Sultanate have green scores between 0.56 and 0.641 out of 1.0 at a 95% confidence interval. The results further show that having a high star ranking hotel does not necessarily mean that the hotel is better in terms of green practice. The developed model helps the hotel industry to understand the indicator and criteria, as identified in this research work, they need to improve in order to improve their overall green management practice
... Therefore, due to government pressure and customers' green awareness, the hospitality industry has started implementing green practices as part of its competitive strategy [10,11]. Research by Kim et al. [12] has found that there is a positive relationship between green practice by the hospitality industry and the satisfaction level of the customer. Much research has noted that awareness for green products and services is growing amongst hotel guests and customers nowadays are willing to pay more for environmental products. ...
... SC13: Use electronic files rather than paper ones. [12,23,29,38] C2: Transportation SC21: Encourage environmentally friendly transportation through incentives. SC22: Provide preferential car parking for alternative transport modes, such as electric, hybrid, or biodiesel carpools. ...
Climate change is the most serious threat that the modern world has ever faced. This
has led to increasing attention from the government, industries, researchers, and practitioners on the theme of green practice. Due to the heightened awareness of climate change, the hospitality industry is under pressure to implement green practices and reduce the environmental impact of their operation. The research aims at understanding the indicators that define green practice in the hospitality industry and then developing a model that can be used to measure the green score. The research identifies twenty-six indicators of green practice in the hotel industry. These indicators were clustered into six different criteria. Based on the identified indicators and criteria, an integrated fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method is proposed to calculate the green score. The fuzzy AHP method is used to calculate the weight of the criteria and indicators, while the fuzzy TOPSIS method is used to calculate the green score and rank hotels. The fuzzy AHP result shows that the criterion “Recycling and Reuse” has the highest weight among the identified criteria, while “Green Training and Incentives” has the lowest weight. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated by using a case study of hotels situated in the Sultanate of Oman. The result shows that the 4-star and 5-star hotels in the Sultanate have green scores between 0.56 and 0.641 out of 1.0 at a 95% confidence interval. The results
further show that having a high star ranking hotel does not necessarily mean that the hotel is better in terms of green practice. The developed model helps the hotel industry to understand the indicator and criteria, as identified in this research work, they need to improve in order to improve their overall green management practice.
... The interconnection between the hospitality and tourism sectors highlights the significant importance of CSR initiatives within the domain of hotels. This subject has been extensively studied by researchers, as evidenced by the works of Akmese, Cetin, and Akmese [22], Guetat, Jarboui, and Boujelbene [23], Kang, Chiang, Huangthanapan, and Downing [24], Kim, Hlee, and Joun [25], and Kim, Song, and Lee [26]. The hotel industry is experiencing significant growth, particularly with the rise of multinational hotel chains that operate worldwide and offer a wide range of brands. ...
This study investigates the relationship between the motives behind CSR and consumer extra-role behavior, as well as green purchase intention, specifically within the hospitality industry of an emerging market. This study uses two scenario-based experiments with high and low CSR fit contexts to examine how ethical corporate identity moderates the relationship. Both studies examine the impact of customers’ perceptions of a company’s CSR motivation (public-serving or firm-serving), on their extra-role behavior towards the company and intention to make green purchases. This influence is particularly relevant when the company actively communicates its ethical identity. The first study is conducted within a high-fit setting where the company’s locus aligns with its CSR program. In contrast, the second study replicates the research in a low-fit situation. The results indicate that CSR activities have a favorable effect on customer extra-role behavior and green purchasing intention, regardless of the CSR fit contexts. This effect is shown when the company’s ethical stance is known before engaging in CSR activities and when the goal is to serve the firm. Nevertheless, these endeavors demonstrate limited efficacy in prompting such conduct when the organization’s ethical identity remains implicit, even within a context driven by a desire to serve the public.
... Due to the high demand for resources like water, light, and space, hotels must take into account resource depletion as well as environmental effects like pollution and climate change (Kasliwal and Agarwal, 2019;Singhal et al., 2018). According to Kim et al. (2016), roughly 170-440 litres of water are utilzsed daily and 160-200 kilograms of carbon dioxide are produced per square metre of space. Each visitor to the hotel generates about 1 kg of garbage. ...
The environment and resources have been depleted as a result of increased urbanization and industrialization. One of the industries with the fastest growth in terms of economy is Tourism. Although it is beneficial in case of providing employment, business opportunities and also boosts the economy of the country.It also contributes to the environmental problems. The study revealed that about 2% of 5% of global carbon-di-oxide emission is by the tourism sector. A significant portion of the tourism sector is comprised of the hotel industry.As the hotel industry is resource intensive, it faces the challenge of energy conservation, waste management, and water management. On the other side, customers are looking forward to choosing eco-friendly practices, and the pressure is now enhanced on the hoteliers to adopt eco-friendly policies to achieve a green image to attract customers. Many Hotels have started sustainable growth strategies so that they contribute to social responsibility besides gaining profits. Apart from this government officials have to implement strict policies and guidelines in order to encourage the hoteliers to achieve sustainable goals.This paper summarizes green hotels, their challenges, their sustainable practices, green hotel rating tools, and their benefits for hotels.
... This theme is considered to be a topic that is frequently mentioned in the data and is also perceived to be of high importance. When examining the relevant thematic network, the theme of "Satisfaction" is linked to important terms such as "Technology Acceptance" , "Behavioral Intention" (Chung, Han, & Joun, 2015), "Service Quality" , "Social Media" , "Word of Mouth" (Kim et al., 2016) and "User Generated Content" (Chung, Han & Koo, 2015). ...
Smart tourism can be thought of as a whole ecosystem of smart tourists, smart technologies, and smart businesses. There are more than 952 academic studies related to Smart Tourism in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Therefore, it would be useful to examine the conceptual structure and thematic development of Smart Tourism. This study is to analyze the field of smart tourism using scientific mapping methods. Bibliometric data of 489 articles were downloaded from the WoS. This paper first conducts a co-occurrence analysis using VosViewer to determine the prominent terms and connections between them. Then, a content analysis is performed using SciMat to gain a deeper understanding of the field and its evolution from 2013 to 2022 for Smart Tourism. In this context, strategic maps, thematic networks of topics, and an evolutionary map were obtained to understand the field better by using SciMAT.
... The objectives of the implementation of smart technology are economic growth, sustainable development, and social progress (Hall et al., 2000). According to Kim et al. (2016), the expansion of sustainable tourism practices increased customer satisfaction. Furthermore, tourism that is environmentally and economically viable must be conducted in a sustainable manner (Fernández-Díaz et al., 2023;Sorokina et al., 2022). ...
... In Figure 2, we illustrate an example of a customer review from this study. While previous studies investigated similar topics, the study of Kim et al. [36] examined the perspectives of consumers by examining online reviews and organizational behavior. According to the research conducted by Liang et al. [37] , management response frequency and online review experiences have a positive correlation with customer satisfaction. ...
The tourism industry plays a significant role in the economy of Bangladesh, particularly in the world-renowned coastal town of Cox's Bazar. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted this sector, leading to substantial economic losses and shifts in customer satisfaction and behavior. This study aims to analyze the change in customer satisfaction in Cox's Bazar hotels and resorts before and after the pandemic. In order to identify user-generated content from 9481 reviews from 11 hotels, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC-22) software was used for text analysis, followed by factor analysis and regression analysis. The study highlights the increased importance of "Financial Stability" post-pandemic, likely due to price reductions and special offers. Additionally, "Digital Culture" and "Illness" emerged as new dissatisfaction factors. The insights offer valuable implications for businesses, policymakers, and tourism stakeholders to strategize effective customer service and foster sustainable recovery in the post-pandemic era.
... Azmi & Ahmad (2022) proposes the development of Malaysia's Smart Community-Based Tourism Model, aiming to explore the concept of smart community-based tourism (CBT) in Malaysia and investigate the readiness of CBT to adopt smart tourism. Kim (2016) found that a higher intensity of green practices in hotels indirectly enhances customer satisfaction through perceived relative quality and suggest to conceptualize the generativity of the information systems content both in general and in the context of the smart tourism system. Sofian (2021) focuses specifically on smart tourism services and finds that smart tourism technology attributes are significantly associated with service satisfaction levels, which in turn positively affect the intention to use new technology. ...
This research paper aims to propose a comprehensive framework for the implementation of smart tourism initiatives in Malaysia. The framework encompasses various aspects of digital technology integration, data utilization, sustainability, and stakeholder collaboration. By leveraging advanced technologies and data-driven solutions, Malaysia can enhance its tourism sector, provide personalized experiences to visitors, and contribute to the country's economic growth while ensuring the preservation of cultural and natural heritage.
... Our results support the findings of previous literature in the context of green tourism as these factors were located as important drivers of customers satisfaction in the study by (Bauer et al., 1993;D'Alessandro, 2016;De Palma et al., 2018;Kim et al., 2016;Park et al., 2016;Zamparini et al., 2022). ...
Tourism in Türkiye is fundamentally important for both the Turkish economy and travelers. Green tourism has gained increasing attention in the last few years. Analyzing big social data for evaluating environment-friendly tourism in Türkiye is important to gain an understanding of the factors impacting travelers' intention to echo-friendly hotels. To meet the goal of the study, the data was retrieved from the Tripadvisor website using a crawling technique. Machine learning techniques, particularly Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), were utilized to discover satisfaction dimensions from the user-generated content. The k-means clustering approach was deployed for data segmentation. Finally, the online reviews classification model was trained and compared using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). The obtained results reveal several important dimensions that impact tourists' experience.
... In general, four broad areas related to the environment have been explored to date. These four areas include: ecological impacts of recreation and tourism (Gutzwiller et al., 2017); environmental perceptions and behaviour of tourists (Imran et al., 2014); community engagement in environmental conservation (Taylor, 2009); and application of green practices in the tourism industry (Kim et al., 2016). Research on tourism's impacts on the ecology, wildlife, habitats (national parks and forests, mountains, coasts and islands, wetlands, deserts) has proliferated during the last three decades (Taff et al., 2019). ...
... Their relationships with stakeholders enable hotels to provide the required hospitality resources (Kim et al., 2017). Regarding environmental sustainability, hotels can enhance tourist satisfaction (Robinot and Giannelloni, 2010;Gao and Mattila, 2014;Kim et al., 2016;Merli et al., 2019a) and loyalty (Lee et al., 2010;Kang et al., 2012;Yusof et al., 2015;Preziosi et al., 2019). Moreover, satisfied tourists accept voluntary-based practices that enable hotels to reduce their environmental impacts (which makes them even more ecofriendly; Preziosi et al., 2019). ...
Greening constitutes a particular challenge for the hospitality industry. It can be manifested in hotels through waste management, the reduction of purchasing materials that cannot be recycled, the reduction of energy and water consumption, investments in alternative energy equipment (solar or wind energy), and the adoption of an environment-friendly approach in a firm's strategy, among others. This study aims to examine the impact of greening on hotel performance and identify the factors that can strengthen this relationship. Using PLS-SEM and fsQCA, we examine a sample of 101 one- or two-star hotels operating in Poland. Our results show that greening has a significantly positive impact on hotel performance. Moreover, this impact is moderated by flexibility and inter-organizational cooperation; proactiveness and innovativeness do not moderate the examined relationship. This study contributes to the theories of sustainable development and hospitality management. Based on our results, we propose recommendations for managers and entrepreneurs regarding the sustainable development and green transformation of hotels.
... Conceptually, we designed our study differently, for example, none of the previous studies tested environmental sustainability government initiatives and social platform influence (as independent variables), environment awareness and consciousness (as mediators), and green practices (as dependent variable). Following the call for investigating a moderating variable to see the relationship between other variables and green practices (Kim et al., 2016(Kim et al., , 2017, we included gender as a moderator in the current study. Considering this identified gap from the literature, our study focused on the acceptance of pro-environmental behavior by consumers, particularly Gen Z, to adopt a sustainable lifestyle. ...
The current study investigates the impact of environmental sustainability government initiatives (ESGI), social platform influence (SPI), environment awareness (EA), and environment consciousness (EC) on green practices (GP). Data were collected using a self-administered survey targeting Gen Z consumers. A total of 354 responses were analyzed using the partial least square structural equational modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that SPI, EA, and EC have a significant positive impact on GP, while ESGI does not affect GP. The study also examines the mediating role of EC and EA in the adoption/implementation of green practices. Further, the moderating influence of gender was also found in the model. The study highlights the importance of SPI and its effect on the green practices of Gen Z, which will guide businesses and marketers in promoting their green initiative.
... Conceptually, we designed our study differently, for example, none of the previous studies tested environmental sustainability government initiatives and social platform influence (as independent variables), environment awareness and consciousness (as mediators), and green practices (as dependent variable). Following the call for investigating a moderating variable to see the relationship between other variables and green practices (Kim et al., 2016(Kim et al., , 2017, we included gender as a moderator in the current study. Considering this identified gap from the literature, our study focused on the acceptance of pro-environmental behavior by consumers, particularly Gen Z, to adopt a sustainable lifestyle. ...
The current study investigates the impact of environmental sustainability government initiatives (ESGI), social platform influence (SPI), environment awareness (EA), and environment consciousness (EC) on green practices (GP). Data were collected using a self-administered survey targeting Gen Z consumers. A total of 354 responses were analyzed using the partial least square structural equational modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that SPI, EA, and EC have a significant positive impact on GP, while ESGI does not affect GP. The study also examines the mediating role of EC and EA in the adoption/implementation of green practices. Further, the moderating in- fluence of gender was also found in the model. The study highlights the importance of SPI and its effect on the green practices of Gen Z, which will guide businesses and marketers in promoting their green initiative.
... Second, it remains unclear whether green information of URs (if exists) is beneficial to GPI and which types of green information can contribute to developing and Studies focusing on green (sustainable) aspects of conventional practices (Kim et al. 2016;Naidoo et al. 2018;Saura et al. 2018;El Dehaibi et al. 2019;D'Acunto et al. 2020;Kim et al. 2020) Investigating the relationships between hotel industry's green practices and user satisfaction (Gerdt et al. 2019) Investigating the relationships between sustainability and user satisfaction in hospitality Content analysis by manual coding Study focusing on general aspects of conventional and green (sustainable) practices (Binbasioglu 2020) Comparing online user ratings between ecolabelled and non-eco-labelled hotels Quantitative research with statistical data Studies focusing on green (sustainable) aspects of green (sustainable) practices (Yu et al. 2017;Brazytė et al. 2017;Park et al. 2020a;Park et al. 2020b) Exploring the impact of green experience at green hotels on user satisfaction implementing GPI. Current studies on user-involved GPI intensively analyze its necessity, mechanism and related factors such as drivers, determinants, barriers and performance (Lee 2014;Dai et al. 2015;Melander 2017). ...
User reviews (URs) have been regarded as a novel way of promoting user-involved green product innovation (GPI) in theory. However, the actual relationships between URs and GPI are still underexamined. This study adopted the method of content analysis to exemplify the effectiveness of user reviews on online shopping websites (OSURs) in user-involved GPI. Specifically, 62,909 effective OSURs on 24 green household refrigerators and 43 conventional refrigerators were collected and analyzed. The results show that 8.41% of all the pre-processed OSURs contain green information, which cannot be a dominant information source for promoting GPI. Yet, the identified green reviews (GRs) are still valuable for developing and diffusing GPI. On the one hand, three green topics related to energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, green materials and technologies are intensively generated, massive user experiences can objectively reflect the actual environmental performance of existing products. On the other hand, GRs account for 12.62% and 6.19% of all the OSURs on green refrigerators and conventional refrigerators, respectively. Users prefer to generate positive rather than negative GRs on green refrigerators. The implementation of GPI has a positive impact on OSURs in return. Firms can actively collect and analyze OSURs of extant green products, thus promoting the green innovation of their own products. This study adds to the literature of user-involved GPI by exploring the actual relationships between OSURs and GPI. A practical analysis framework and valuable implications are also proposed to advance GPI, green growth at firm level and sustainable development at social level.
... Thus, the concept of smart tourism has an inherent link to technological developments in the field of the Internet of Things, likewise according to the literature the notion is directly related to competitiveness, economic and sustainable development for tourism activities [34][35][36] . ...
p class="15"> Objective: This research article seeks to analyze how academic progress in the field of tourism places value on the need to adopt technological advances in the framework of development for a sustainable future, taking this into account, this research studied the discourse of the actors involved in the triple helix in the face of smart tourism and its implementation in Colombia. Method: The methodological strategy contemplated a hermeneutic and inductive perspective, from the Grounded Theory that interpreted the discourses of the University, the Company and the State facing the phenomenon of interest, the information was codified in the Software. Findings: As a result, gaps and key factors that would allow, from the perspective of the groups approached, the success of smart tourism strategies were obtained. Conclusion: The technological appropriation of the Colombian tourism sector reveals a gap especially in the capacity to generate an intelligent offer in relation to the experience perceived by the consumer. Likewise, the discourse shows that, within the need for integration of the triple helix, building an intelligent service for the value proposition is one of the most important challenges for the sector and therefore a lag that must be jointly intervened at government, academic and business levels. </p
... Firms embrace CSR to cater to the stakeholders' demand of social responsibility, which in turn enables environment conscious customers to value and patronize more these firms according to their social identity. Together through both supply and demand dynamics, CSR and SIT provide an interpretation on the effect of green certifications on hotel's marketing-and economic-based benefits (Kim et al., 2016;Maignan & Ferrell, 2004). ...
This paper aims to investigate the impact of the GreenLeaders designation on hotel performance under the joint theoretical framework of environmental corporate social responsibility and social identity theory. We focus on 1,198 individual hotel properties from five major cities in Texas between 2010 and 2019. A two-way fixed-effects model is applied to model monthly revenue per available room (RevPAR) and TripAdvisor ratings for each hotel. Results show that GreenLeaders certification leads to a 6.00% increase in hotels’ monthly RevPAR and a 4.25% increase in hotels’ monthly average TripAdvisor rating. This impact grew over time during the research period. The findings also unveil a set of moderating variables, such as hotel class and chain affiliation. More specifically, the effect of GreenLeaders certification is larger for upscale and independent hotels. The major results are also confirmed through a robustness analysis using propensity-score-based weighting and placebo tests. Lastly, implications are provided for hoteliers and investors.
... This can be facilitated by other key technologies and techniques such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, automation, artificial intelligence and machine learning (Gössling, 2021;Jabeen et al., 2022). Sustainable tourism practices can lead to improved customer satisfaction and perceptions of improved quality, but such a gap can only be closed by better intelligence linked to sustainability and destination management (Kim et al., 2016;Koo et al., 2016). Understanding the gap between evaluation and goal setting is pertinent in developing realistic strategies and priorities for sustainable tourism (Balouei Jamkhaneh et al., 2022). ...
Purpose
Protecting a nation’s heritage is an essential element for sustainable development. Heritage attracts tourism and drives tourist income, as well as bringing wider economic, social and environmental benefits. This study aims to improve understanding of the relationship between heritage protection spending in countries and economic development via tourism revenues via economic logic and the Kuznets curve.
Design/methodology/approach
This study applies economic modelling to test for the presence of a Kuznets curve. This study uses rare available matched data on heritage protection spending from UNESCO and on travel and tourism total contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) from the World Travel and Tourism Council.
Findings
This paper finds evidence of a negative quadratic relationship between heritage protection spending per capita and tourism GDP per capita, whereby increases in heritage spending initially lead to more tourism income (typically less developed nations), but then tourism spending increases more rapidly for smaller increases heritage spending on top of this initial investment (typically more developed nations). No countries are yet at the stage where they reap high tourism income from much lower levels of heritage spending.
Research limitations/implications
The findings suggest that the future of heritage tourism will be very different to that of today; future tourism is likely to develop significantly through innovations in management approach and advanced technologies to manage the balance between demand and heritage degradation.
Practical implications
The predictive model allows us to plot future possibilities for heritage tourism, which in turn enables more informed decision-making regarding the planning and management of future heritage resources and tourism demand. Tourism heritage institutions and their benefactors should further plan and invest in innovations (such as technologies and management practices) to advanced economically and move along the tourism heritage Kuznets curve.
Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper formally tests, for the first time, for the presence of a Kuznets curve in the relationship between heritage protection spending and tourism income. It provides original evidence of the value of applying the underlying theory of the Kuznets curve in a tourism context.
... Study also shows the relations of green practices, customer reviews and satisfaction in the hotel industry. Green hotel practices such as day sunlight, proper ventilation, no smocking hotel premises, seasonal food menu play a good role in improving customer's moods and their satisfaction (Kim, et al., 2016). ...
The global pandemic COVID-19 has taught us to be more sensitive for environmental protection and sustainability of natural resources. Adverse environment conditions are giving us so many threats in the form of climate changes that leads to negative impact not only on ecosystem but also on human health. To consider the threats, researcher attempted to evaluate and identify the Green HR practices and their implementation in the hotel industry. Under this review study, the researcher discusses the meaning and significance of implementing green HR practices along with their imperative benefits in the hotel industry. This study revealed six major scopes of the execution of green HR practices in the hotel industry. To carry out this study researcher reviewed sixty-three research articles of the recent ten years, published in national and international Books, Journals, and websites.
... (D'Alessandro et al., 2016) demonstrated agri-tourism as an example of maintaining the green building in the tourist areas, where multiple green instruments are used to lessen the use of power as composite windows, diode lamp, PV panels on the roof, and so on. Research also suggests that higher consumption of green products can increase tourist attraction (Kim et al., 2016). ...
The importance of ecotourism is rapidly increasing in Bangladesh as the country has natural wonders, panoramic hills, valleys, forests, beaches, lakes, rivers, reserves of glorious creatures etc. These ideally have positioned Bangladesh to become able to compete in the global ecotourism market. Although ecotourism is still relatively new to Bangladesh, several initiatives are taken to expand and promote it in the country. Ecotourism in Bangladesh is gaining popularity as more travelers become aware of the stunning landscapes, mesmerizing wildlife and biodiversity of plants found in this beautiful country. What is more, by offering access to offshore islands, rivers, wetlands, ‘‘Haors’’ (water reservoirs), mangrove forests, and diverse bio cultures, Bangladesh possesses the potential for development as an ecotourism hub. The aim of this chapter is to define the opportunities for ecotourism services and products in Bangladesh, as well as the current constraints and potential solutions. This chapter will assist policymakers and marketers in putting policies and strategies in place to promote ecotourism products and encourage overall tourism growth in Bangladesh.
... (D'Alessandro et al., 2016) demonstrated agri-tourism as an example of maintaining the green building in the tourist areas, where multiple green instruments are used to lessen the use of power as composite windows, diode lamp, PV panels on the roof, and so on. Research also suggests that higher consumption of green products can increase tourist attraction (Kim et al., 2016). ...
This research places particular emphasis on sustainable tourism in Bangladesh. Theoretical understanding with some facts and figures are used to understand the different aspects of sustainable tourism in Bangladesh perspective. This research outlines the scope, importance, challenges, and suggestions to promote and ensure sustainable tourism in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is observing a growing trend in the tourism industry. This research discusses the scope of sustainable tourism from multiple dimensions from Bangladesh’s perspective. Then it briefly shows the importance of ensuring sustainability in the tourism industry of Bangladesh. After that, it identifies some challenges that the tourism industry facing and can face implementing sustainable tourism in Bangladesh. On the basis of the challenges, some propositions are also given to improve the process of achieving sustainable tourism. Moreover, worldwide experiences are brought into the debate, making it more significance-focused to offer some recommendations that could be helpful to Bangladesh’s promotion of sustainable tourism. This research views sustainable tourism not only for increasing the awareness of the tourists but also for improving the policies related to the tourism industry. This research considers the past experiences from around the world and even the probable future consequences. In addition, this research helps future researchers as guidance to do their extensive research.
Research on guest satisfaction with green practices in hotels has generated mixed results; some studies have shown a positive relationship with green practices and others have shown a negative relationship. To reconcile these two opposing views, the mediating effects of perceived motives, and perceived attributes was examined as potential psychological mechanisms explaining guests' reactions to green practices hotels. Besides, the moderating role of service outcomes in influencing guests' reactions to green initiatives was investigated. Results indicate that when service delivery is successful, guest satisfaction is higher for green practices. However, the advantage for green hotels vanishes when guests experience service failures. Furthermore, results show that guest satisfaction with green hotels is enhanced when a firm engages in green practices for public-serving (vs. self-serving) motives. In addition, the results indicate that green practices are accepted by guests if they are implemented in attributes that guests consider "extras" in the service rather than in the "core" attributes. Overall, the results show that perceived motives and attributes mediate the relationship between green practices and guest satisfaction, and perceived service outcomes moderate the relationship between green practices and guest satisfaction.
Günümüzün küreselleşen piyasasında çevresel uygulamalar işletmelerin iş stratejileri ve modellerinin bir parçası haline
gelmiş ve üzerinde durulması gereken önemli hususlardan olmuştur. Bu uygulamalar işletmelerde sürdürülebilir
uygulamaların sağlamasının yanından geleceği koruma ve etkin kaynak kullanımı ile enerji yönetiminde çeşitli
dönüşümlere de öncülük etmiştir. Yeşil tedarik zinciri yönetimi uygulamaları işletme sınırlarının ötesindeki etkin
çevresel uygulamaları temel alarak işletme stratejileri ve planlamalarında farkındalık olgusunun oluşturulmasına da
hizmet etmektedir. Durum böyle olunca yeşil tedarik zinciri yönetimi uygulamaları işletmeler için kritik hale gelmekte
ve üzerinde titizlikle durulması gereken bileşenlerden biri haline dönüşmektedir. Ancak yeşil tedarik zinciri yönetimi
uygulamaları önünde birçok engel bulunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada imalat işletmelerinde yeşil tedarik zinciri
yönetimi uygulamalarının önündeki engeller araştırılmıştır. Yeşil tedarik zinciri yönetimi uygulamalarının önündeki
engelleri etkileyen faktörler tespit edilmiş ve tespit edilen faktörlerin önceliklendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç ile
saptanan kriterlerin ağırlıklandırılmasında çok kriterli karar analizi tekniklerinden Doğrudan Puanlama Ağırlıklandırma
kullanılmıştır. Uygulama sonuçlarına göre yeşil tedarik zinciri yönetimi uygulamalarının önündeki en önemli faktörlerin
“tüketicilerin farkındalık eksikliği”, “uygulama maliyetleri ve finansal yetersizlik” ile “nitelikli insan kaynağı eksikliği”
olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeşil tedarik zinciri yönetimi, Yeşil tedarik zinciri yönetimi uygulamaları Engelleri, Çok Kriterli
Karar Analizi, Doğrudan Puanlama ile Ağırlıklandırma Tekniğ
An increasing number of guests in hotels evaluate the quality by reading online reviews. A deeper analysis of the attitude and behavior of the visitors is conducted to understand the experiences of guests, considering the diverse backgrounds and needs. This study aims to analyze the selection process of family-friendly hotels by guests, using available TripAdvisor online reviews, as well as for hotel management to better understand the comments left by guests and create more organized plans and policies. A model is devised that integrates clustering and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making-VIKOR (MCDM-VIKOR) method to prioritize the attributes of hotels based on the significance within each cluster of guests. Data is collected from online reviews of guests in family-friendly hotels in Indonesia. The features used for ranking preferences are the numerical ratings assigned to four attributes on the platform. These four features included ?location?, ?cleanliness?, ?service?, and ?value?. The results showed that ?cleanliness? evolved as the most critical factor in the majority of segments for selecting family-friendly hotels. To further comprehend the behavioral trends of guests and assist in decision-making, this study proposed a model capable of analyzing online reviews and ratings provided by customers.
IMPACT STATEMENT
This research highlights the concern and motivation for sustainability and smart tourism in emerging markets. Because smart tourism has been widely applied in emerging markets and can support sustainability efforts. We report research on sustainable tourism and smart tourism in emerging market period 2012–January, 2022 to highlight research themes, research approaches, research methods, region of studies, and research settings. Current research is still limited to implemented sustainability and smartness concept in tourism area, especially in emerging market, there is still a gap that needs to be researched in the future by further examining the relationship between sustainable tourism and smart tourism in emerging market.
The findings show the previous researchers’ concern and interest in sustainable tourism and smart tourism research in developing markets are still focused on smartness, big data use, technology, and digital platforms related to the accessibility of tourism destinations. Meanwhile, the use of technology to achieve sustainable conditions is still not widely practiced in emerging markets. Future research on the smart sustainable tourism locus is prioritized. The usefulness of this approach lies in the smart sustainable tourism concept that can increase competitiveness in emerging markets, especially for rural and urban areas.
Yeşil Yönetim ve Çevre Bilinci kitabı, konaklama işletmeleri için bir modelleme üzerine Dr. Ergün Kara tarafından kaleme alınmıştır. Kitap, yeşil yönetim kavramının anlamını ve önemini ele almaktadır. Yeşil yönetim anlayışının ilkeleri, üretim faaliyetleri, insan kaynakları faaliyetleri, pazarlama faaliyetleri, muhasebe-finans faaliyetleri, Ar-Ge faaliyetleri ve halkla ilişkiler faaliyetleri gibi çeşitli alanlarda nasıl uygulanabileceği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Ayrıca, yeşil yönetim anlayışının işletme başarısına nasıl katkı sağladığı da incelenmektedir. Kitabın ikinci bölümünde ise çevre bilinci ve gelişimi konusu ele alınmaktadır. Çevre kavramı, çevre bilincinin önemi, çevre sorunları ve çözümleri gibi konular kitapta yer almaktadır.Bu kitap, konaklama işletmeleri için yeşil yönetim ve çevre bilinci konularında bilgi edinmek isteyenler için önemli bir kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır. Kitap, çevre dostu uygulamaların işletme başarısına nasıl katkı sağlayabileceğini anlatarak, işletmelerin çevreye duyarlı ve sürdürülebilir bir şekilde faaliyet göstermelerine yardımcı olmayı amaçlamaktadır. The book \"Green Management and Environmental Awareness\" is written by Dr. Ergün Kara and focuses on modeling for accommodation businesses. The book discusses the meaning and importance of green management concept. It emphasizes how the principles of green management can be applied in various areas such as production activities, human resources activities, marketing activities, accounting and finance activities, R&D activities, and public relations activities. Additionally, it examines how the green management approach contributes to business success. The second part of the book addresses the topic of environmental awareness and development. It covers subjects such as the concept of environment, the importance of environmental awareness, environmental issues, and their solutions. This book serves as an important resource for those who want to acquire knowledge on green management and environmental awareness in accommodation businesses. It aims to assist businesses in operating in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner by explaining how environmentally friendly practices can contribute to business success.
Dünya genelinde turizm sektörü ve çevre alanında yaşanan hızlı gelişmeler doğal çevreyi tahrip etmektedir. Çevreye karşı duyarlı olmayan doğa ile uyumsuz konaklama işletmeleri turizm bilincine sahip çağdaş insanlar için çekiciliği olmayan itici yapılar olarak görülmektedir. Turizmde klasik anlayış, özellikle 1980’lerin ortalarından başlayarak değişim sürecine girmiştir. Böylelikle turizmde doğa ve çevre önem kazanmıştır. Bugüne kadar çevrenin korunması ve kirliliğin azaltılması yönünde konaklama işletmelerinin çevre dostu uygulamaları ve yaptıkları diğer çalışmaların maliyetleri artıracağına inanılmaktaydı. Oysa ki günümüzde yeşil yönetim anlayışına uygun faaliyetlerde bulunan konaklama işletmelerinin çevreyi korumak için yaptıkları her yatırım, kazanç olarak kendilerine mutlaka geri dönmektedir. Bu kitap çalışması, 2017 yılında Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü’ne sunmuş olduğum “Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çevre Bilinci ve Yeşil Yönetim Uygulamalarının İşletme Başarısına Katkısı: Muğla İli Üzerine Bir Araştırma” başlıklı doktora tezimden üretilmiştir.
This paper mainly analyzes the development trend of rural tourism in Anhui Province in recent years, so as to study the pull of tourist attractions in Anhui Province on tourists, and for tourists themselves, the external driving force of rural tourism behavior in Anhui Province. From the perspective of the spiritual and cultural value of tourism, tourism is of great significance to cultivate sentiment, soothe mood and cultivate aesthetics. Through some previous literature, it can often be found that tourism motivation research is only a small part of a large category of tourism behavior research, so in-depth study of tourists' motivation, what is the significance of the tourism industry for the entire tourism behavior? This research adopts the research method of quantitative analysis, sets up 34 items, collects questionnaires in Huangshan, Anhui Province, and analyzes the tourism motivation of rural tourists by collecting and analyzing 298 valid questionnaires. The findings suggest that it is necessary to strengthen management, integrate tourism resources, pay attention to the personal safety of tourists and environmental protection of scenic spots, create well-known brands, and take the path of sustainable development in the development of Anhui's tourism industry. Improving the visibility, infrastructure construction, ecological environment protection, and characteristic product development and marketing of "Anhui rural tourism" is one of the major trends in the future development of Anhui's tourism industry.
The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate influence of eco-friendly practices exercised by hotels on consumers hotel selection decision. The study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of consumer purchasing behavior towards eco-friendly hotels. Through an in-depth examination of various eco-friendly practices exercised by hotels, this chapter illuminates the evolving landscape of consumer preferences and the pivotal role that environmental considerations play in shaping their decisions. The findings highlight a paradigm shift wherein consumers increasingly prioritize sustainability as a key criterion when evaluating hotel options. From energy-efficient technologies and water conservation measures to waste reduction strategies and eco-certifications, hotels are leveraging a myriad of practices to minimize their environmental footprint and appeal to environmentally conscious travelers. In conclusion, “Green Choices: The Impact of Eco-Friendly Hotel Practices on Consumer Decision-Making” illuminates the power of sustainability in shaping consumer behavior and hotel operations alike
This study was conducted to evaluate the different studies from the University of Mindanao that focused on the idea of Green Practices. Using the comparative methodology of Pickvance, 2005, the results revealed that as the years go by, the awareness of Green movement was slowly spread all over the community especially to Hospitality industry. Different ways were used that helped to spread the awareness conveniently. Some of those was includes the government who conducted seminars, social media advertisements, flyers, etc. Also, it showed that each research met in one point. This was to sustain the implementation of the Green Practices and Solid Waste Management in order in order to protect nature and improve the quality of life. These revelations helped the researchers to conclude that these ways should be kept or enhance since they were relevant in order to spread more awareness to the people about Green Practices.
Birinci endüstri devrimleriyle başlayan ve bugün içinde bulunduğumuz dördüncü endüstri devrimine kadar devam eden süreç içerisinde teknolojide çok önemli değişimler yaşanmıştır. Bu önemli değişimler insanların yaşam biçimlerine de yansıyarak ihtiyaçların değişimlerini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Böylece işletmeler değişen ihtiyaçlar karşısında kendilerini yenileyerek pazardan pay alma mücadelesi içerisine girmiştir. Tüm sektörleri etkileyen bu süre elbette turizm sektörünü de etkilemiştir. İnsan ile temelden bağlı olan turizm sektörü değişim ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda çağa ayak uyduracak teknolojik yenilikleri benimseyerek uygulamaya koymuştur. Bunlara örnek olarak dijital kanallar ile rezervasyon, bilgi edinme imkânı sunan aplikasyonların geliştirilmesi, müze ve ören yerlerinde artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının kullanılması, kare kod uygulamaları ve kripto paralar ile ödeme kabul etme gibi birçok uygulama verilebilir. Teknolojik yeniliklerle yeniden biçimlenen sektör içerisinde akıllı uygulamalar da göze çarpmaktadır. Akıllı turizm, akıllı otel gibi uygulamalar direkt olarak teknolojinin ve sürdürülebilirliğin kesişim noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Diğer taraftan dünyanın sürdürülebilirliği konusunda endişeler bulunmaktadır. Dünya’daki kıt kaynakların önümüzdeki süreçlerde tükenmesi, küresel ısınma, çevre tahribatı ve sonucunda iklim değişiklikleri gibi birçok konu önemi yadsınamayacak boyutta ele alınmaktadır. Hem dünyanın hem turizmin sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanabilmesinde gelişen teknolojilerden faydalanmak gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı gelişen teknolojilerin sürdürülebilirlik açısından nasıl kullanıldığı, sektörde nasıl yer bulduğuyla ilgili bir araştırma yapmaktır. Bu amaca ulaşabilmek için ilgili literatür taranarak ulaşılan bilgiler doğrultusunda değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır. Turizm işletmeleri çevreye duyarlı, enerji tüketimi az ve yenilenebilir enerji kullanımına yönelik akıllı teknolojiler kullanarak sürdürülebilirliğe katkı sağlayabilmektedirler.
Konaklama işletmelerinde çevreye duyarlı eko-etiketli ürünlerin kullanımı, hem işletmelerin rekabet avantajı elde etmeleri hem de çevreye olan sorumluluklarını yerine getirebilmeleri açısından önemlidir. Bu bakımdan değerlendirildiğinde bu çalışmanın temel amacı turizm faaliyetleri içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan konaklama işletmelerinde eko-etiketli ürünleri kullanım düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve aynı zamanda bu işletmelerde orta ve üst kademelerde yönetici konumunda bulunan kişilerin eko-etiketli ürünlere karşı tutumlarının değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışma nitel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda konaklama işletmelerinden veriler toplanmıştır. Veri toplamada nitel yöntemlerden birisi olan yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler uygun nitel veri analizi programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Kod-Alt Kod ve Kelime Bulutu modelleri görselleştirilerek yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre konaklama işletmelerinin sürdürülebilirlik ve çevre dostu hareketliliklerin bir parçası olmak ve doğayı korumak adına eko-etiketli ürünleri kullanmaya yönelik eğilimleri bulunmaktadır. Eko-etiketli ürünleri hali hazırda kullanan işletmeler gelecekte bu kullanımlarını sürdürmeye devam etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu ürünleri kullanmayan işletmeler ise maliyet, tedarik sorunu ve ürün çeşitliliğinin azlığı konularından yakınmaktadır. Ancak gelecekte fırsatlar oluşturup bu ürünleri kullanmayı hedeflemektedirler.
Bu çalışmada, otel işletmelerinde çalışan personelin çevre etiği farkındalığı, çevre dostu davranışı ve birey-örgüt uyumu arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda çevre etiği farkındalığının çevre dostu davranış üzerindeki etkisinde birey-örgüt uyumunun aracılığı ele alınmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı araştırmada veriler İstanbul ilinde faaliyet gösteren çevreye duyarlı konaklama tesisi belgesine sahip beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinden anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Çevre etiği farkındalığının çevre dostu davranış üzerindeki etkisine birey-örgüt uyumunun aracılık ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma, çevreye duyarlı otel işletmelerinde çevre dostu davranışın yerine getirilmesinde birey-örgüt uyumunun önemli bir unsur olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda yönetsel ve teorik birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the development of environmental performance (EP) through sustainable practices (SPs), environmental corporate social responsibility (environmental CSR) and behavioural intentions (BIs) among Pakistan’s small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the researchers applied a quantitative approach which involved significant cross-sectional data. The authors used an online survey to serve the aim of this study. The survey’s respondents are top managers of Pakistan’s manufacturing firms. The authors received 196 valid cases to obtain suitable outcomes from the data.
Findings
By using the structural equation model, the path analysis shows that green practices (GPs) have a positive and significant effect on SPs and environmental CSR. This study’s findings also demonstrate that environmental CSR plays a substantial role in developing the SPs, BIs and EP. The results of this study also show that SP plays a positive and significant role towards BIs and EP. Finally, BI predicts the EP.
Practical implications
This study's findings provide planners and policymakers with guidelines to create EP through environmental CSR, SPs and BIs. This study's findings are valuable results in identifying green practices’ significant role in establishing environmental CSR and SPs. Finally, this study's findings offer a new perception of integrating these factors and their contribution to EP.
Originality/value
This study examined the development of EP in the challenging situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, in terms of the empirical findings, this study provides original value.
Citation: Javed, A., Kour, P. (2022). The role of place attachment in defining a relationship between green awareness, conservation commitment and environmental responsible behavior of university students in India. Visions for Sustainability, 18, 01-21. ISSN:2384-8677
Despite the broad interest and rapid increase in studying green consumer behaviour (GCB) from a social perspective, related articles have been presented in a piecemeal fashion and have lacked a review of social roles in GCB. Additionally, the research focus may differ with the influence of digital technology. Therefore, this study draws on a review of 439 GCB articles that focus on social roles and utilises both quantitative and qualitative analyses to provide a general picture of theories, social factors, research topics and topic trends with a specific emphasis on the research differences between the traditional and digital contexts. The findings indicate that the GCB field has experienced exponential growth since 2014. Subjective norms, social influence, culture, marketing influence and social media influence are the main drivers of GCB. Eight research topics are identified, among which topics on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the theory of consumption values (TCV) maintained high popularity. Furthermore, the TPB is more prevalent in the traditional context in which scholars prefer to predict GCB using macrosocial factors, such as policy and culture. In comparison, signal theory and commitment‐trust theory have received more attention in the digital context in which trust is vital. Research interests in online platforms and green hotels have recently increased in the digital context. Gaps and suggested directions for future studies are further identified.
The tourism industry of Bangladesh is growing very rapidly in recent
years though international tourist arrival is very limited compared to the neighboring
countries. However, domestic tourist flow has been increasing excessively. This
book chapter reveals the status of sustainable tourism indicators of Bangladesh
guided by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and Department of
International Development (DFID). It has been found that the local people of the
topmost revenue-generating destination of Bangladesh are slightly dissatisfied with
mass tourism development, yet, it varies for different factors. In terms of social and
environmental concerns, local people are dissatisfied with conventional tourism
practices. However, they are very satisfied with the increase of diversified livelihood
and economic multiplication. On the other hand, livelihood capital is used limited
to sustainability in the four major sectors of the tourism industry for the country.
The main reason for it could be depicted lack of theoretical understanding of
research. However, the tourism industry of the country is still in the booming stage.
Therefore, the application of effective knowledge with proper investments and
development practices could improve the industries involved in the tourism business
in a sustainable manner. Thus, this industry could rise and bring about decent
employment offerings in a sustainable manner to everyone (i.e. from the community
to investors or the government). Moreover, these practices will improve the capacity
of the destination’s inhabitants to protect the environment and ensure community
empowerment.
Taking appropriate strategies in response to the COVID-19 crisis has presented significant challenges to the hospitality industry. Based on situational crisis communication theory (SCCT), this study aims to examine how the hotel industry has adopted strategies in shaping customers' experience and satisfaction. A mixed-method approach was employed by analysing 6556 COVID-19 related online reviews. The qualitative findings suggest that ‘rebuild strategies’ dominated most hotels' response to the COVID-19 crisis while the quantitative findings confirm the direct impact of affective evaluation and cognitive effort on customer satisfaction. The results further re- veal that hotels' crisis response strategies moderate the effects of affective evaluation and cognitive effort on customer satisfaction. The study contributes to new knowledge on health-related crisis management and expands the application of SCCT in tourism research.
A country’s touristy appeal majorly relies on its culture, archaeology, ancient heritage, historic palaces, natural beauty, etc. From this angle, Bangladesh can be considered as a touristic country. The present-day landmass that constitutes Bangladesh has a rich history with many tourist attractions. The Bangladesh economy is more integrated with the tourism industry. In this context, this research aims to outline the scenario and prospect of development and investment of tourism in the country. Findings of this review chapter show that adequate development and investments in the tourism industry of Bangladesh can facilitate the economy’s integration with greater financial and technical strengths.
The smart city strategy is an inevitable trend in the future development of Chinese cities. The smart tourism city is an important part and a practical attempt of the smart city
strategy. The China National Tourism Administration has officially announced "Beautiful China: 2014 Year of Smart Travel" as tourism theme. Thus, huge development opportunities are in store for the future of smart tourism. This strategy attempts to
combine the Internet of Things (IoT) technology with the development of the smart tourism industry and smart tourism cities. Many Chinese scholars stated their ideas on the
technological structure of IoT and the extension of smart tourism industries. At the same time, many Chinese cities have attempted to combine IoT and smart tourism. There is a trend of embedding Application of Tourism IoT in China’s Scenic Spots. Smart tourism
should build an IoT information technology public platform, covering service management to marketing management. The emerging smart tourism industry fits China’s economic growth and industrial transformation. Based on these developments,
this research determines the current status and development potential of smart tourism in China, and offers recommendations for their applications in China.
In the Web 2.0 era, a variety of social media have begun to penetrate Chinese digital immigrants' lives, and user-generated content (UGC) is now a popular mode for creating and generating online information resources. According to China Internet Network Information Centre (CNNIC) reports, many digital immigrants actively participate in blogging, video sharing, online rating, social tagging, and micro blogging, etc. However, some may be more skilled in producing and generating online contents and have higher generative capabilities while others still meet some barriers in doing so. Thus, it is interesting to investigate the online generative capability of Chinese digital immigrants in Web 2.0 context. In this research-in-progress article, we present an exploratory study on online generative capability of Chinese digital immigrants in Shanghai local communities by a semistructured interview. The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated conceptual framework of online generative capability and identify the related issues about the UGC adoption and generating behaviour by the Chinese digital immigrants, who constitutes a large group of Internet users and has a significant growth tendency. The potential findings may yield some suggestions and practical implications for the designer, manager, and information service staff from different perspectives to facilitate the Chinese digital immigrant's online generative capability, and further narrow the digital divide and alleviate the information inequality in China.
Smart tourism is a new buzzword applied to describe the increasing reliance of tourism destinations, their industries and their tourists on emerging forms of ICT that allow for massive amounts of data to be transformed into value propositions. However, it remains ill-defined as a concept , which hinders its theoretical development. The paper defines smart tourism, sheds light on current smart tourism trends, and then lays out its technological and business foundations. This is followed by a brief discussion on the prospects and drawbacks of smart tourism. The paper further draws attention to the great need for research to inform smart tourism development and management.
While the proliferation of online review websites facilitate travellers' ability to obtain information (decrease in search costs), it makes it difficult for them to process and judge useful information (increase in cognitive costs). Accordingly, this study attempts to identify the factors affecting the perceived usefulness of online consumer reviews by investigating two aspects of online information: (1) the characteristics of review providers, such as the disclosure of personal identity, the reviewer's expertise and reputation, and (2) reviews themselves including quantitative (i.e., star ratings and length of reviews) and qualitative measurements (i.e., perceived enjoyment and review readability). The results reveal that a combination of both messenger and message characteristics positively affect the perceived usefulness of reviews. In particular, qualitative aspects of reviews were identified as the most influential factors that make travel reviews useful. The implications of these findings contribute to tourism and hospitality marketers to develop more effective social media marketing.
This paper investigates the role of emotions and the prevalence of dissonant/incongruent choice behaviour within the context of ethical consumption. Based on 31 in-depth interviews with British consumers, the findings demonstrate that consumers consciously indulge in ‘ethical’ and ‘unethical’ behaviour (as defined by respondents themselves), often within short time frames, and that they often compensate for unethical choices by making ethical choices later on (and vice versa). The study provides evidence that positive and negative emotions are a key driver of this dissonant behaviour. Guilt is the most salient emotion, and a taxonomy of guilt in this context is derived from the data. Consumers are found to employ guilt-management strategies in order to sustain contradictory behaviour and manage cognitive dissonance. A conceptual framework is derived in order to summarise the observed role of emotions in ethical consumer choice. The paper also provides additional explanations of the manifestation of the attitude–behaviour gap.
Recent extreme events show that Twitter, a micro-blogging service, is emerging as the dominant social reporting tool to spread information on social crises. It is elevating the online public community to the status of first responders who can collectively cope with social crises. However, at the same time, many warnings have been raised about the reliability of community intelligence obtained through social reporting by the amateur online community. Using rumor theory, this paper studies citizen-driven information processing through Twitter services using data from three social crises: the Mumbai terrorist attacks in 2008, the Toyota recall in 2010, and the Seattle café shooting incident in 2012. We approach social crises as communal efforts for community intelligence gathering and collective information processing to cope with and adapt to uncertain external situations. We explore two issues: (1) collective social reporting as an information processing mechanism to address crisis problems and gather community intelligence, and (2) the degeneration of social reporting into collective rumor mills. Our analysis reveals that information with no clear source provided was the most important, personal involvement next in importance, and anxiety the least yet still important rumor causing factor on Twitter under social crisis situations.
Despite their ethical intentions, ethically minded consumers rarely purchase ethical products (Auger and Devinney: 2007, Journal of Business Ethics
76, 361–383). This intentions–behaviour gap is important to researchers and industry, yet poorly understood (Belk et al.: 2005, Consumption, Markets and Culture
8(3), 275–289). In order to push the understanding of ethical consumption forward, we draw on what is known about the intention–behaviour
gap from the social psychology and consumer behaviour literatures and apply these insights to ethical consumerism. We bring
together three separate insights – implementation intentions (Gollwitzer: 1999, American Psychologist
54(7), 493–503), actual behavioural control (ABC) (Ajzen and Madden: 1986, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
22, 453–474; Sheeran et al.: 2003, Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 393–410) and situational context (SC) (Belk: 1975, Journal of Consumer Research
2, 157–164) – to construct an integrated, holistic conceptual model of the intention–behaviour gap of ethically minded consumers.
This holistic conceptual model addresses significant limitations within the ethical consumerism literature, and moves the
understanding of ethical consumer behaviour forward. Further, the operationalisation of this model offers insight and strategic
direction for marketing managers attempting to bridge the intention–behaviour gap of the ethically minded consumer.
Keywordsactual behavioural control-consumer ethics-ethical consumerism-implementation intentions-intention–behaviour gap-perceived behavioural control-situational context-theory of planned behaviour-word–deed gap
The present study is designed to expand the current literature in the effects of User-Generated Content (UGC) on firm performance, specifically to delineate the unique effects of the UGC components on market share results using a dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) model. A longitudinal panel-data sample of 138 hotel reviews and ratings, along with monthly market share and several control variables is used for the empirical modeling. Overall, the analysis reveals that UGC has a positive impact on market share. A curvilinear mechanism explains the relationship between ratings and market share, discouraging lower-tiered firms from seeking a high rating. Moderating factors were also found to diminish the impact of a review length on market share. Theoretical explanations and managerial suggestions are offered in the discussion section.
The purpose of this study is to identify how sustainable hotel practices impact the satisfaction and intention to return of hotel guests from different nationalities. Surveys were completed by hotel guests in a popular tourist destination in Mexico. Multiple regression and multinomial logistic regression were applied to test the hypotheses. Results of this study supported the research hypotheses that indicate green practices overall do have a positive relationship on guests’ satisfaction levels and return intentions for Mexicans, Americans and other nationalities. Additionally, it was shown that the relative importance of green practices differs according to the nationality of the guest.
Intelligent systems sense their environment and learn from the actions they implement to reach specific goals. They are increasingly used to support tourist information search and decision making as well as work processes. In order to model the tourism domain, these systems require a profound understanding of its nature. Looking at existing literature in tourism, this paper discusses critical gaps in the knowledge of the field to be filled so that intelligent system design can be informed and impacts understood. Specifically, it discusses the need to better conceptualize technology in tourism research and argues for a focus on uses and interactions. It challenges simplistic views of tourist information search and decision-making processes and calls for more research on potential impacts.
The impact which environmental law and management has had in the hospitality industry is substantial. Hotels have begun conservation and recycling programs as a means of reducing energy cost and solid waste. A significant number of environmentally related regulatory and consumer pressures are being imposed upon the hospitality industry. The purpose of this study is to begin to explore the environmental programs that hotel corporations in Mexico are adopting. Eight managers at eight hotel corporations in Mexico were included in the study. The corporation hotels located in Mexico started to implement environmental strategies in 1995, and the most common reason was because of the legal pressures they faced. Efficient use of lighting and eliminating use of diesel in the boiler were the most frequently sited strategies. Seven hotel managers benefitted from the application of these strategies, while one indicated he did not benefit. The hotel managers feel social, legal, and political pressure in Mexico to implement environmental strategies but consider consumer pressure unimportant. They believe these strategies are not very important when facing competitors, and only one manager mentioned that in the future the competitive threat will be important in developing environmental consciousness.
Despite the provision of 'green' tourism products, research has failed to specifically explore tourists' environmental behaviour in terms of ecotourism purchases within a holiday destination. In exploring this issue the paper reviews a range of literature concerning the relationship between environmental concern and environmentally responsible purchasing behaviour, and presents a qualitative evaluation of the ecotourism purchasing behaviour of Australia's 'backpacker' market. Interviews were conducted with backpackers on completion of an ecotour, providing the basis for discussion of a range of possible explanations for the apparent inconsistencies between environmental concern and purchasing behaviour including problems with sampling, the lack of education and awareness about ecotourism products and accreditation programmes, and the apparent abandonment of environmental responsibility by tourists whilst on holiday. It is suggested that ecotourism marketing is directed at tourists in the pre-departure/planning phase of their holiday, perhaps through national tourism organisations in tourism-generating regions, to raise awareness of environmental issues surrounding tourism in natural areas; establish ecolabelling brand awareness and recognition of 'green' tourism products; internalise individuals' locus of control regarding environmental concerns in their everyday environment; and to circumvent the environmental ethical malaise which seems to override a tourist's normal environmental concerns and behaviour whilst on holiday.
The author explores the information needs of service consumers. In the purchase decision process, search behavior is motivated in part by perceived risk and the consumer's ability to acquire relevant information with which purchase uncertainty can be addressed. Marketing theory suggests that consumers use information sources in a distinctive way to reduce the uncertainty associated with services. Hence, six hypotheses are developed to test the information acquisition of service buyers. An experimental approach is employed to compare, in a prepurchase context, the information sources used by consumers of services and those used by consumers of goods. The resulting data support the predictions offered and extend marketing theory.
Conflicting models exist in the literature of the process through which perceived quality and/or satisfaction affect behavioral intentions. Further, virtually no theoretical framework has been explicitly developed to help combine perceived-quality models with satisfaction models. This article applies a theoretical framework to help build a model that attempts to explain the relationships among disconfirmation of expectations, perceived quality, satisfaction, perceived situational control, and behavioral intentions. The study compares the ability of two models to help explain the relationship among these variables. The results of the study suggest that the focal and contextual dimensions of disconfirmation of expectations affect perceived quality enroute to their influence on behavioral intentions. Additionally, the results indicate that perceived quality affects satisfaction and behavioral intentions is affected by satisfaction.
While marketing scholars have emphasized the importance of customer satisfaction, few studies have examined in detail consumers' responses to dissatisfaction. This study examines correlates of one possible response-telling others about the dissatisfaction-and identifies variables that distinguish this response from others. Variables investigated include the nature of the dissatisfaction, perceptions of blame for the dissatisfaction, and perceptions of retailer responsiveness. Marketing management and consumer behavior research implications are discussed.
A consumer model of environmentally responsible purchase behaviour was tested using covariance structural analysis. The model successfully predicted the purchase of environmentally responsible and non-responsible product alternatives. A hierarchial relationship from values to product specific attitudes to purchase intention to purchase behaviour was confirmed. Individual consequences, which take the personal implications of consumption into account, were found to be just as important in predicting intention as the environmental consequences of a product. The study empirically tested a values typology as a basis to explain attitude formation.
Purpose
This paper aims to examine how “green” attributes contribute to hotel customers' overall satisfaction.
Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study helped generate a list of the attributes that contribute to overall satisfaction with hotel services. Then a Tetraclasse model, which highlights the four‐fold nature of this contribution, was used. Two hypotheses are posed. First, attributes of hotel service can be divided into four different types according to the way in which they contribute to forming satisfaction. Second, in terms of how they contribute to forming satisfaction, environmental protection initiatives can be considered “plus” attributes.
Findings
The first hypothesis is rejected. For the second hypothesis, the results show that the environmental attributes were evaluated as “basic”, which means they were seen as an integral part of the service offer, rather than as differentiating criteria.
Research limitations/implications
The study was based on a relatively restricted sample. Further research is needed to improve the external validity of the research.
Practical implications
It is necessary to maintain a high level of performance for “green” attributes. Moreover, it would be preferable not to inform customers about environmental initiatives in order to limit the risk of being unfavorably evaluated on these attributes. It would seem worthwhile for a company to invest in service attributes that are respectful of the environment, even if they do not promote these attributes directly to the customer. Pro‐environment initiatives may also be introduced for economic reasons.
Originality/value
The paper makes use of the Tetraclasse model methodology.
Little is known about the factors underlying the pro-environmental behaviour of marketing managers. This paper explores the determinants of green marketing practices in the Red Sea hotel sector in Egypt. The research model assesses green marketing practices against the personal and organisational values of the marketing managers, together with a range of organisational and demographic variables expected to influence hotels' environmental behaviour. From a valid sample of 89 marketing managers responsible for 194 hotels, it was found that organisational contextual variables, and in particular targeting Western tourists, being affiliated to an international hotel chain and the marketers' own demographics, including age, academic subject studied and gender, were the best predictors of more proactive green marketing. Personal environmental values did not explain the pro-environmental behaviour of marketers, and the organisational environmental values that had explained part of their ethical behaviour had resulted from voluntarism rather than utilitarian or conformance-based values. Government policies also appeared to be ineffective determinants. The implications for green marketing practices are also discussed.
Most empirical research investigating the motivational properties of cognitive dissonance has focused on the arousal component of dissonance rather than on the psychological component explicitly delineated by L. Festinger (1957). In 2 induced-compliance experiments involving a total of 112 undergraduates, a self-report measure of affect was used to demonstrate that dissonance was experienced as psychological discomfort and that this psychological discomfort was alleviated on implementation of a dissonance-reduction strategy, attitude change. Exp 1 yielded supporting evidence for both of these propositions. Exp 2 replicated the 1st experiment and ruled out a self-perception-based alternative explanation for the dissonance-reduction findings in Exp 1. Results support Festinger's conceptualization of cognitive dissonance as a fundamentally motivational state. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The phenomenal growth of social media, both in scale and importance, has created a unique opportunity to track information diffusion and the spread of influence, but can also make efficient tracking difficult. Given data streams representing blog posts on multiple blog channels and a focal query post on some topic of interest, our objective is to predict which of those channels are most likely to contain a future post that is relevant, or similar, to the focal query post. We denote this task as the future author prediction problem (FAPP). This problem has applications in information diffusion for brand monitoring and blog channel personalization and recommendation. We develop prediction methods inspired by (naive) information retrieval approaches that use historical posts in the blog channel for prediction. We also train a ranking support vector machine (SVM) to solve the problem. We evaluate our methods on an extensive social media dataset; despite the difficulty of the task, all methods perform reasonably well. Results show that ranking SVM prediction can exploit blog channel and diffusion characteristics to improve prediction accuracy. Moreover, it is surprisingly good for prediction in emerging topics and identifying inconsistent authors.
We analyze how online reviews are used to evaluate the effectiveness of product differentiation strategies based on the theories of hyperdifferentiation and resonance marketing. Hyperdifferentiation says that firms can now produce almost anything that appeals to consumers and they can manage the complexity of the increasingly diverse product portfolios that result. Resonance marketing says that informed consumers will purchase products that they actually truly want. When consumers become more informed, firms that provide highly differentiated products should experience higher growth rates than firms with less differentiated offerings. We construct measures of product positioning based on online ratings and find supportive evidence using sales data from the craft beer industry. In particular, we find that the variance of ratings and the strength of the most positive quartile of reviews play a significant role in determining which new products grow fastest in the market-place. This supports our expectations for resonance marketing.
Analyzing generative group activities against the backdrop of an increasingly connected world, this theory development paper introduces the concept of generative collectives as a new framework for classifying internet-based collectives and a novel theoretical lens for explaining why some internet-based groups are more generative than others. Generative collectives are groups of people with shared interests or goals who mutually engage in rejuvenating, reconfiguring, reframing and revolutionizing acts. We submit that any type of collective has the capacity to be generative; however, some collectives are more generative than others. We explore two core structural dimensions of generative collectives and provide a framework for classifying these collectives and their respective levels of entropy as a proxy for their collective generative capacity. Subsequently, we derive and illustrate four archetypes of generative collectives, which can help account for the varying levels of generativity in different groups. Finally, implications for future research and practice are discussed.
The link between environmental and economic performance has been widely debated in the literature for the last ten to fifteen years. One view is that improved environmental performance mainly causes extra costs for the firm and thus reduces profitability. However, also the opposite has been argued for: improved environmental performance would induce cost savings and increase sales and thus improve economic performance. Theoretical and empirical research have provided arguments for both positions and have not been conclusive so far. This article discusses reasons for the different views and the differences in empirical research and presents a theoretical framework to explain the coexistence of the conflicting views. It is argued that not merely the level of environmental performance, but mainly the kind of environmental management with which a certain level is achieved, influences the economic outcome. The model presented provides implications for both empirical research and company management in practice. Research and business practice should focus less on general correlations and more on causal relationships of eco-efficiency, i.e. the effect of different environmental management approaches on economic performance.
The availability of customer reviews from smart tourism systems provides an interesting research opportunity to investigate the role of consumer’s perceived quality relative to a reference group on online satisfaction scores. This paper shows a positive relationship between the satisfaction score and the difference between the consumers’ perceived quality and the reference group’s quality level. The findings support comparison-level theory coupled with the product-based norm as a comparison standard, which posits that consumers use the average quality of the product’s reference group as the relevant comparison standard. Furthermore, consumers are found to be more sensitive to negative deviations from the reference group’s quality than from positive deviations, which is consistent with prospect theory.
This article addresses ethical consumer behavior and uses the purchase of Fair Trade (FT) coffee to gain insights into determinants
of ‘moral behavior’ in the marketplace. Our primary concern is to clarify which theoretical concepts and determinants are
more useful than others in explaining FT consumption. We compare the explanatory power of consumer budget restrictions, consumer
identity, social and personal norms, social status, justice beliefs, and trust. Our second aim is methodological; we contrast
data on self-reported consumption of FT coffee with experimental data on hypothetical choices of different coffee products.
To gain insights into the robustness of our measurement and findings, we test our propositions using two samples of undergraduate
students from Germany and the United States. Our data show that consumer identity and personal norms are the major determinants
of FT consumption in both samples, the results from survey-based data and from our experimental data are similar in this regard.
Further, we demonstrate that studies based on a limited number of determinants might overestimate effects; the effect of justice
beliefs for instance vanishes if other determinants are taken into account.
Hotel guests’ expectations and actual experiences on hotel service quality often fail to coincide due to guests’ unusually high anticipations, hotels’ complete breakdowns in delivering their standard, or the combination of both. Moreover, this disconfirmation could be augmented contingent upon the level of hotel segment (hotel star-classification) and the overall rating manifested by previous guests. By incorporating a 2 × 2 matrix design in which a hotel star-classification configures one dimension (2 versus 4 stars) and a customers’ overall rating (lower versus higher overall ratings) configures the other, this explorative multiple case study uses conjoint analyses to examine the differences in the comparative importance of the six hotel attributes (value, location, sleep quality, rooms, cleanliness, and service) among four prominent hotel chain brands located in the United States. Four major and eight minor propositions are suggested for future empirical research based on the results of the four combined studies. Through the analysis of online data, this study may enlighten hotel managers with various ways to accommodate hotel guests’ needs.
Travel review websites, along with online travel agencies and hotel websites, are salient components of a travel sector positioned at the top echelon of e-commerce categories. This study investigates the comparative salience of six hotel attributes (value, service, rooms, sleep quality, location, and cleanliness) in accordance with (1) an overall travelers group, (2) five different trip-purpose groups (business, families, friends, couples, and solo), and (3) two different country-of-residence groups (domestic and foreign travelers). A conjoint analysis was applied to a total of 405 reviews on one particular hotel from the website of TripAdvisor. The results of the study indicate that “value” and “rooms” are the most important attributes that contribute to a high overall rating for the hotel. In addition, large differences in hotel attribute importance are revealed among various types of traveler groups. Three major and ten minor propositions are postulated from the discussion of the study.
This study applies the theory of consumption values to determine the influence factors on consumer choice behavior regarding green products, and examines whether there are significant differences in consumption values and choice behavior between consumers with different outlooks on environmental concerns. One-way analysis of variance and multiple regression is used to assess data collected by a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that consumers with high environmental concern support green products more, and show greater readiness to choose them. This study concludes that the main influence factors on consumer choice behavior regarding green products include psychological benefit, desire for knowledge, novelty seeking, and specific conditions, and do not include functional values, price and quality. This study contributes to preliminary but vital insights in effective promotion of green products.
Hotel companies are struggling to keep up with the rapid consumer adoption of social media. Although many companies have begun to develop social media programs, the industry has yet to fully explore the potential of this emerging data and communication resource. The revenue management department, as it evolves from tactical inventory management to a more expansive role across the organization, is poised to be an early adopter of the opportunities afforded by social media. We propose a framework for evaluating social media-related revenue management opportunities, discuss the issues associated with leveraging these opportunities and propose a roadmap for future research in this area.
Purpose
It is known that people's expectation towards their living “green” is increasing. Green features are now regarded as one of the important considerations of buyers in purchasing a property. This research paper aims to investigate the significance of the green features of residential buildings to property buyers.
Design/methodology/approach
HK‐BEAM certification and HK‐GBC Award are used as the measurement of green residential buildings. The study used a hedonic price model to determine whether there is a relationship between green features and residential property price and the influence of green features on the residential property price if there is such relationship.
Findings
The empirical results show that green features have a significant and positive relationship with residential property price. People are willing to pay more for green buildings recognized by HK‐BEAM and HK‐GBC. They are willing to pay a sale price premium ranging from 3.4 percent to 6.4 percent. Furthermore, a relatively larger premium is found in Hong Kong Island compared to the New Territories.
Research limitations/implications
The results imply that environmentally friendly green buildings both increase the value of a property and attract property buyers; and well‐recognized green building schemes add value to properties and hence increase the property price.
Originality/value
The study has contributed an indication of the amount a buyer would be willing to pay for quality green buildings as a reference for users, developers and investors. The study sheds light on the ability of the market to capitalize environmental considerations in investment decisions.
Purpose ‐ The purpose of this paper is to address issues of performance optimization through accounting for asymmetric responses of customer satisfaction to different types of product or service attributes: core, facilitating and "green" (eco-friendly). The primary research inquiry was to explore how these attributes affect customer satisfaction and account for interactions among them in order to identify an optimal combination that would maximize customer satisfaction in lodging industry settings. Design/methodology/approach ‐ An experimental design and a web-based survey were used to collect data from a convenience sample of faculty and staff of two US universities. Univariate and regression analysis were two primary methods of data analysis. Findings ‐ The findings confirmed non-linear nature of customer satisfaction response and indicated that "green" attributes impact customer satisfaction similarly to facilitating attributes but differently from the core type of attributes in the context of lodging industry. Research limitations/implications ‐ Generalizability of the findings is bounded by convenience sampling technique. Additionally, only limited number of hotel attributes was examined. Practical implications ‐ The current findings help to solve the problem of performance optimization and allow creating hotel offerings that yield maximum levels of customer satisfaction and optimal resource allocation. Originality/value ‐ The study provides additional knowledge about factor structure of customer satisfaction and points on the place and role of "green" attributes in formation of CS in the context of lodging industry.
News sourcing practices are critical as they shape from whom journalists get their information and what information they obtain, mostly from elite sources. This study evaluates whether social media platforms expand the range of actors involved in the news through a quantitative content analysis of the sources cited by NPR's Andy Carvin on Twitter during the Arab Spring. Results show that, on balance, nonelite sources had a greater representation in the content than elite sources. Alternative actors accounted for nearly half of the messages. The study points to the innovative forms of production that can emerge with new communication technologies, with the journalist as a central node trusted to authenticate and interpret news flows on social awareness streams.
In this paper, we study the differential influence of online user-generated content (UGC), specifically blogs, across the multiple stages of decision making of venture capitalists: screening stage, choice stage, and contract stage. We conjecture that, first, blogs are influential at the screening stage; second, after the screening stage, blogs are noninfluential since decision makers evaluate entities closely at later stages; third, blogs increase the interest from multiple decision makers which in turn increases the cost of the deal for a decision maker. This empirical investigation provides support for the hypotheses, which we tested for funding decisions by venture capitalists in information technology ventures. In particular, this study indicates that blogs can help managers in getting their products/services selected at the screening stage, but, beyond that, blogs do not help directly. However, since more decision makers screen products/services that receive blog coverage, the competition among decision makers helps managers in negotiating better contract terms. We advance the boundary of existing studies on the influence of UGC from single stage process to multiple stages.
The prevalence of social media has provided consumers with many opportunities to post online reviews on a wide range of products on the Internet. In this study, we attempt to investigate the moderating effect of inconsistent reviews (i.e., a mix of positive and negative reviews) on consumers’ purchase decision. We further examine whether the effect will differ from female to male consumers.
We explain the moderating effect and its gender differences based on the theory of reasoned action, trust literature, and information processing literature. The research hypotheses are empirically tested in a laboratory experiment using structural equation modeling approach. Our findings show that consumers’ cognitive trust to online retailers affects emotional trust, which further leads to purchase intention. When consumers are exposed to inconsistent reviews, the influence of emotional trust on purchase intention is significantly stronger. Moreover, the moderating effect of inconsistent reviews is stronger for female consumers than for male consumers. We expect that this study can enrich the understanding of how inconsistent reviews play a role in consumers’ online shopping decision. Online retailers may apply our findings and leverage the influence of online consumer reviews in social media. Implications for both researchers and practitioners are discussed.
This study establishes attributes of an environmental management system (EMS) for the hotel industry in Taiwan to create an instrument to help address green hotel auditing. Hotel EMS indicators were initially selected from ISO14000 and nine representative foreign green hotel assessment systems. The Delphi method conducted on twenty five experts with government officials, scholars and hotel managers for item modification to identify the preliminary EMS evaluation framework. An indicator selection process was employed to determine the dimensional indicators of the system. The data analysis reveals that a total of 64 indicators into ten dimensions were identified and prioritized in terms of their relative importance and feasibility. Moreover, 38 indicators are suitable for use and 18 of them should be implemented firstly in Taiwan hotel industry. The results also reveal the comparison with Taiwan government's environmental standards. Finally the EMS approach of this study provides managerial implications for government, hoteliers and consumers to improve their environmental management.
The theory of cognitive dissonance, first put forward by Leon Festinger is attracting renewed attention and interest. Surprisingly, there is little research and discussion on cognitive dissonance and marketing of services. This research effort discusses precise and specific issues with the help of literature on cognitive dissonance and the marketing of services. How do the different characteristics of services influence the likelihood of cognitive dissonance? What is the likelihood of cognitive dissonance in services of different types? Are the strategies for reducing cognitive dissonance likely to be affected by the characteristics of services? What are the implications of the theory of cognitive dissonance for the advertising of services? Do advertisements of services incorporate measures to address cognitive dissonance among recent buyers? The paper proposes few research propositions in understanding of cognitive dissonance in services domain.
This paper looks at tourist support for business environmental and social responsibility (BESR) in the context of tourism. Traditionally perceived as a smokeless industry, tourism has been slow to address its negative impacts until the late 1980s, when ecotourism became a buzzword. However, the flaws of ecotourism entail a shift of focus towards the role of key tourism players including hotels in sustainable tourism. Documented evidence on the incorporation of environmental and social measures in big hotel corporations, indicate an awareness of this role in the sector. Nevertheless, the dissemination of such awareness is in question due to the potentially big investment and organizational change involved. The difficulty may be even more so if not appreciated and supported by the market. Unfortunately, there is little evidence to show if tourists are prioritizing “responsible” hotels. In other words, do tourists have the propensity to choose hotel attributes based on environmental and social criteria? This paper provides an outlook on the demand of tourists for responsible hotels in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Specifically, it looks at main criteria used when choosing a hotel, tourists' preference as well as their attitude, interest and opinion relating to green and socially responsible hotel. The research found that most tourists still choose a hotel based on price, service quality and a hotel's physical attractiveness rather than environmental and social attributes. Most tourists also prefer non-environmentally friendly options in hotel rooms such as individual soap cakes, fresh towels and air conditioning compared to the alternatives given. The propensity towards responsible attributes (local culture, local cuisine, happy, friendly and knowledgeable staff) seems to depend on how relevant the attributes are to the quality of their holiday experience. Those that have indirect effects (conservation effort, employment of local, certification, environmental image) are not perceived as important. In addition, the findings do not support the general (local) idea that foreign tourists are more “caring” about environmental and social issues compared to the regional/domestic tourists. Overall, the results imply that suggestion about the rising number of environmentally conscious tourists cannot be substantiated. Therefore, there is a need to re-examine the contention that tourists are a major driver of sustainable tourism.
Online reviews are important sources of information for travelers. However, existing academic understanding of these popular information sources in the tourism and hospitality domain is relatively weak. In this study, we explore the patterns and features of online reviews extracted from a popular travel-advisory website. We consider factors such as numerical rating distribution, amount of information in the reviews and the relationship between review ratings and various attributes of the lodging properties reviewed on the website. The analysis reveals that the reviews are heavily skewed towards positive ratings and there is a paucity of balanced and negative reviews. Further, the correlation between review rating and ratings on individual attributes is very low suggesting that the overall numerical ratings typically used in review systems may not be the ideal indicators of customers’ perceived service quality and satisfaction. Textual analysis uncovers nuanced opinions that are generally lost in crude numerical ratings. The implications of this study for future research and practice are discussed.
A study of 571 business and leisure travelers examined the environmentally friendly attributes that guests seek in hotel rooms. Using conjoint analysis of bundles of seven hotel room attributes, the study found that the most influential single attribute on hotel room preference for this sample was green hotel certification (such as LEED). These respondents were also supportive of rooms with a refillable shampoo dispenser, energy-efficient light bulbs, and towel and linen reuse policies. Guests also appreciated the idea of a key card that would control all energy use in the room. Relatively few respondents agreed that they would pay more to stay in a “green” room. The study included only respondents who indicated a willingness to stay in green rooms and as such cannot be generalized. However, the study found few differences between the preferences of the 284 business travelers and the 287 leisure travelers. Three findings differed from other research outcomes in the weight ascribed to green certification, the preference for a shampoo dispenser, and lobby-based recycling. The idea of an energy-controlling key card is also uncommon, but would represent a considerable retrofitting expense for most hotels. While these findings are of interest, one limitation is that only seven attributes were studied, and the inclusion of additional attributes—or more levels of the seven attributes—might alter the results. Nevertheless, these findings give hoteliers information about preferences of a substantial number of guests who would consider staying in a “green” hotel room.
This study analyzed the so-called “green,” or environmentally friendly, practices of American hotels. As such, it examined how green hotels in the United States are regarding no-cost or low-cost practices. Respondents included 166 hotels, which were identified through a random sample of hotels from the American Hotel & Lodging Association and included chain and independent properties as well as properties of various sizes (based on the number of rooms). The study findings show that chain hotels were at the time of the study stronger adopters of green practices than independent hotels were, likely due to leveraging economies of scale through uniform corporate practices. In addition, hotels in the Midwest were found to be the most environmentally friendly in terms of their use of no-cost or low-cost green practices. Additional results indicated that size (classified by number of rooms) had little effect on the extent to which hotels were trying to manage energy consumption.
A growing reliance on the Internet as an information source when making choices about tourism products raises the need for more research into electronic word of mouth. Within a hotel context, this study explores the role of four key factors that influence perceptions of trust and consumer choice. An experimental design is used to investigate four independent variables: the target of the review (core or interpersonal); overall valence of a set of reviews (positive or negative); framing of reviews (what comes first: negative or positive information); and whether or not a consumer generated numerical rating is provided together with the written text. Consumers seem to be more influenced by early negative information, especially when the overall set of reviews is negative. However, positively framed information together with numerical rating details increases both booking intentions and consumer trust. The results suggest that consumers tend to rely on easy-to-process information, when evaluating a hotel based upon reviews. Higher levels of trust are also evident when a positively framed set of reviews focused on interpersonal service.
The case of Scandic Hotels shows, first, that sustainable strategies and practices can be just as useful in service operations as in manufacturing operations; and second, that such strategies and practices can support a corporate turnaround effort. Scandic Hotels, Nordic Europe's biggest hotel chain, was on the verge of collapse in the early 1990s. A new CEO, Roland Nilsson, turned the company around by introducing two business principles, decentralized management and sustainable development. The company's new value system, embodied in the concept of sustainability, linked customers and employees, who were calling for more environmental responsibility. Through employee-training programs, environmental information systems, and innovative collaborations with suppliers, Scandic was revived within a few years as a profitable corporation well on the road to sustainability.
Over the last decade, there has been a growing awareness within the global hotel industry of the relevance for environmental protection issues. Hotel corporations are seen to be changing their image by engaging in environmental initiatives. Some hotels even go further to include social responsibility issues in their agenda. Greater awareness on the potential economic and other less direct benefits of environmentally-friendly measures, coupled with the establishment of many “watch dog” and support organizations such as the International Hotel and Restaurant Association (IHRA) and Green Hotel Association (GHA) has fueled the rise of “green” and/or responsible hotels in many established tourism destinations. Nevertheless, environmental and social measures are not the traditional core competency of a hotel. Thus, “green” and responsible measures may require additional investment and organizational change. From a business perspective, additional investments are futile if they do not result in higher market share. Simply put, a hotel's “green” and responsible measures are meaningless if met only with consumer apathy. Therefore, to justify the need for hotels to engage in responsibility measures, one of the questions that must be answered is-do the tourists care about hotels' social and environmental responsibility? Unfortunately, there is still little empirical knowledge of tourists' demand for responsible hotels, particularly within the context of a developing country such as Malaysia. This paper attempts to narrow the gap of information by providing a preliminary outlook on the “demand” of tourists for green and socially responsible hotels in Penang Island, Malaysia. Specifically, it looked at the main criteria tourists use when choosing a hotel, their preferences as well as their attitude, interest and opinion relating to a hotel's green and socially responsible measures.
Purpose
The study seeks to explore the factors which influence the consumer attitude and behaviour towards green practices in the lodging industry in India and also to explore the consumers' intentions to pay for these practices.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative and qualitative research methodology using a questionnaire along with secondary research has been proposed. A structured questionnaire has been used using convenience‐sampling techniques from National Capital Region in India. Correlation and factor analysis has been used to explore consumers' attitudes and behaviour towards green practices in the lodging industry.
Findings
The consumers using hotel services are conscious about environmentally friendly practices in India. They patronise the hotels that have adapted green practices though not compromising on service quality. The consumers would prefer to use lodging that follows these practices but are not willing to pay extra for these services. Indian hotels have the competitive advantage over similar products if they follow green practices.
Practical implications
The hotels would have to invest in environmentally friendly practices and look at long‐term gains. The government needs to acknowledge and institutionalise the practice by instituting rewards and offering benefits in taxes.
Originality/value
The paper attempts to bring out facts regarding customer buying behaviour towards green practices in the Indian hotel industry. The resource scenario in India is grim with regard to the water and sanitation. The tourism industry has a big responsibility in ensuring that business models adopted are sustainable in the long run and hence the need to imbibe green practices as a preferred business model.
Attempts to show that environmental issues are becoming increasingly important as an attribute of the quality of goods and services. However, although firms appreciate the importance of good environmental practices there is a lack of awareness of how this can best be achieved, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Suggests that one way to enhance understanding among SMEs is to consider environmental responsibility as part of the quality attributes which customers may expect from suppliers. Presents a quality profiling approach which is based on customers’ perceptions, which should assist an SME to: establish the importance of environmental factors with respect to other attributes in the purchasing decision; and evaluate the organization’s performance on key product/service attributes relative to its main rivals. Discusses the role of governments and other bodies in relation to encouraging a proactive environmental approach among SMEs.