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The world of organic agriculture: Statistics and emerging trends 2014
... Recent IFOAM research shows that the integrated logistics chain for organic activities is growing every year, with a presence in 181 countries in 2017, 187 countries in 2019 and 191 countries in 2021, covering a total of around 1.6% of agricultural land worldwide (Willer et al., 2022;Willer & Lernoud, 2019;Willer et al., 2023). ...
... There has also been a substantial increase in organic activities in other countries (Willer & Lernoud, 2019;Willer et al., 2023), as in Brazil, for example, where the development of organic farmland jumped from 750,000 hectares in 2014 to 940,000 hectares in 2015, to 1.094 million hectares in 2016, to 1.136 million hectares in 2017, to 1.3 million hectares in 2019, reaching 1.5 million hectares in 2021 (IBGE, 2019;Willer et al., 2022;Willer & Lernoud, 2019;Willer et al., 2023). ...
... There has also been a substantial increase in organic activities in other countries (Willer & Lernoud, 2019;Willer et al., 2023), as in Brazil, for example, where the development of organic farmland jumped from 750,000 hectares in 2014 to 940,000 hectares in 2015, to 1.094 million hectares in 2016, to 1.136 million hectares in 2017, to 1.3 million hectares in 2019, reaching 1.5 million hectares in 2021 (IBGE, 2019;Willer et al., 2022;Willer & Lernoud, 2019;Willer et al., 2023). ...
As modificações ambientais causadas pelo modelo atual de desenvolvimento econômico se mostram cada vez mais ineficaz, quando promove crises climáticas, econômicas, políticas e sociais. O desenvolvimento rural sustentável de base agroecológica promovido pelo agricultor familiar vem como uma alternativa a esse modelo de produção. Este artigo tem o objetivo de identificar o processo de formação da primeira Organização de Controle Social (OCS) no Amapá como estratégia participativa para a resiliência climática. A metodologia utilizada foi exploratória e explicativa, estruturada com entrevistas e observação sistemática. Como resultado, a pesquisa conclui A pesquisa concluiu, que a certificação orgânica é algo factível e necessário para a realidade rural familiar do estado, desde que amparada por assistência técnica e extensão rural.
... Globally, at least 1.8 million hectares of major cereal species-including in-conversion areas-are managed organically. It may be inferred that the area is bigger than depicted above because several of the major cereal producers in the world, including China, India, and the Russian Federation, did not disclose land use statistics (Willer & Kilcher, 2009) [49] . When comparing this number to the FAO's estimate of 384 million hectares of harvested cereal land worldwide (FAOSTAT, 2011) [12] , 0.5% of the total area is managed organically. ...
... Globally, at least 1.8 million hectares of major cereal species-including in-conversion areas-are managed organically. It may be inferred that the area is bigger than depicted above because several of the major cereal producers in the world, including China, India, and the Russian Federation, did not disclose land use statistics (Willer & Kilcher, 2009) [49] . When comparing this number to the FAO's estimate of 384 million hectares of harvested cereal land worldwide (FAOSTAT, 2011) [12] , 0.5% of the total area is managed organically. ...
... Similar to conventional farming, the most common crop in organic farming is Triticum L., and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in particular. It is cultivated on more than 700,000 hectares of land in an organic system (Willer & Kilcher, 2009) [49] . ...
... Organic certification plays a crucial role in ensuring the integrity of organic agricultural products by verifying compliance with established organic farming standards. These standards prohibit the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and irradiation, promoting environmentally sustainable and health-conscious agricultural practices (Willer & Lernoud, 2023). ...
... Organic certification is a formal process that ensures agricultural products adhere to specific organic farming standards, which typically prohibit synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and irradiation. These certifications are crucial in ensuring product authenticity, maintaining consumer trust, and facilitating global trade in organic products (Willer & Lernoud, 2023). Certified by accredited third-party organizations under USDA-NOP standards. ...
Organic certification ensures the authenticity, quality, and marketability of organic agricultural products by verifying compliance with established organic farming standards. These standards prohibit synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and irradiation, promoting environmentally sustainable
agricultural practices. Globally, organic certification frameworks such as the USDA National Organic Program (NOP), the European Union Organic Regulation (EU 2018/848), Japan’s Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) Organic, and the Canada Organic Regime (COR) regulate organic production and facilitate international trade
through equivalency agreements. India formalized its organic certification system in the early 2000s to support both international trade and domestic markets. The National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP), managed by the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), provides
internationally recognized certification, enabling exports to major markets. Meanwhile, the Participatory Guarantee System (PGS-India), launched in 2011 by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, offers a costeffective certification model for smallholder farmers targeting the domestic market. Over time, India has
strengthened its organic certification framework through regulatory advancements, digital initiatives, and market expansion efforts.Despite significant progress, challenges such as high certification costs, complex regulations, and fraudulent organic claims continue to affect the sector. However, emerging technologies like
block chain-based traceability, digital certification systems, and harmonization with global standards present opportunities to enhance transparency, reduce costs, and increase farmer participation in organic certification. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of global organic certification systems, the evolution of India's organic certification framework, key challenges, and future prospects in regulatory and market development.
... Organic agriculture has emerged as one of the most rapidly developing sectors within the food industry across various European nations for an extended period [Padel et al., 2006] [14] . In recent years, there has been a notable increase in consumer demand for organic products [Willer, 2009] [19] . Due to the elevated costs associated with inorganic fertilizers and their role in degrading soil and water quality, farmers are seeking alternative and more economical sources that may reduce cultivation expenses while preserving soil fertility. ...
... Organic agriculture has emerged as one of the most rapidly developing sectors within the food industry across various European nations for an extended period [Padel et al., 2006] [14] . In recent years, there has been a notable increase in consumer demand for organic products [Willer, 2009] [19] . Due to the elevated costs associated with inorganic fertilizers and their role in degrading soil and water quality, farmers are seeking alternative and more economical sources that may reduce cultivation expenses while preserving soil fertility. ...
Hermetia illucens L., commonly referred to as the Black Soldier Fly (BSF), is gaining a huge surge of global interest as the predominant species within the domain of insect husbandry. The present study was conducted out at the Horticulture garden, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Telangana, India, during the rabi season of 2023-24 to examine the effect of black soldier fly larval frass when compared to vermicompost in combination with inorganic fertilizers and their combination on the yield parameters of radish. Experiment contained eight treatments and replicated thrice. The results showed that application of 75% RDN + 25% N through black soldier fly larval frass showed maximum uptake of nutrients and yield by radish and found to be on par with 5% RDN + 25% N through vermicompost and RDF.
... Organic vegetable production has been increasing rapidly in the last decade (Willer et al. 2024). In 2012, Organic vegetable production reached 244,856 hectares (ha) covering 0.4% of the global vegetable area (Willer & Lernoud 2014). The distribution of organic vegetable area by continent in 2012 was: Europe (105,154 ha), North America (62,523 ha), South America (51,291 ha), Asia (13,912 ha), Africa (10,587 ha), and Oceania (1,388 ha) (Willer & Lernoud 2014). ...
... In 2012, Organic vegetable production reached 244,856 hectares (ha) covering 0.4% of the global vegetable area (Willer & Lernoud 2014). The distribution of organic vegetable area by continent in 2012 was: Europe (105,154 ha), North America (62,523 ha), South America (51,291 ha), Asia (13,912 ha), Africa (10,587 ha), and Oceania (1,388 ha) (Willer & Lernoud 2014). Organic vegetable farmland doubled in 2022 reaching 503,000 ha and extending to 0.8% of the global vegetable area. ...
... The growth of the organic food industry in Malaysia also has been facilitated by the government through the National Agro-Food Policy (2021)(2022)(2023)(2024)(2025)(2026)(2027)(2028)(2029)(2030), the Third National Agriculture Policy (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) (Kamarulzaman, 2020) and the 12th Malaysia Plan (2021-2025) (Goh, 2021). Despite the national emphasis on organic agriculture, Malaysia's local organic sector constitutes less than 0.01 per cent of global agricultural land, lagging behind neighbouring Southeast Asian countries (Willer & Lernoud, 2019). Moreover, the challenges associated with the myOrganic certification process also led to the limitation of myOrganic certified farmers (Abu Bakar et al., 2021;Yeo, 2022). ...
... As a result, it contributes to the small size of the organic food market (Somasundram et al., 2016;Kamarulzaman, 2020). While there is growing acceptance of organic food in Malaysia (Abdullah et al., 2022;Hassan et al., 2015), studies suggest that its progress is slower when compared to other countries (Omar et al., 2016;Saleki et al., 2019;Willer et al., 2023;Willer & Lernoud, 2019). To illustrate, just 19 per cent of Malaysian consumers consistently choose organic food, a figure lower than that of neighbouring countries such as Thailand (24 per cent), Indonesia (33 per cent), or Vietnam (51 per cent) (Rakuten Insight, 2023), possibly due to challenges such as consumer scepticism and affordability on organic food (Aziz et al., 2020). ...
In response to the growing awareness of health and environmental concerns, there has been a noticeable increase in the acceptance and consumption of organic food globally. Despite governmental initiatives to boost the organic food market in Malaysia, the country's organic sector still represents a small portion of the global agricultural land. Furthermore, the adoption of organic food among Malaysian consumers is lower than in neighbouring countries, likely due to issues related to scepticism and affordability. Subsequently, understanding the factors that influence consumer behaviour becomes essential as the organic food market continues to develop in response to global and local changes. This conceptual study aims to understand potential propositions and their relation to consumer behaviour by integrating the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Knowledge Attitude-Behaviour model to explore possible predictors related to the intention to purchase organic food. The finding will provide a clear understanding of the potential factors influencing organic food purchase intention and bridge a concrete argument of literature for better preparation for future study. It is expected that this conceptual study will serve as a foundation for further empirical research, guiding policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers in developing targeted strategies to accelerate the adoption of organic food consumption in Malaysia.
... By 2017, there were a total of 69.8 million ha of organically modified land that have been extensively registered. This indicates a 20% increase in area compared to the year before 2016 according to Willer and Lernoud (2019). In 2017, it was also noted that the availability of organic products is rising dramatically on daily bases all around the world. ...
... Organic producers by region in 2017(Willer and Lernoud 2019) giving farmers monetary support and training includes the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)(Yadav 2017). ...
The most significant industry, or the foundation of the Indian economy, is agriculture. After green revolution, there has been a significant increase in agriculture with the objective to feed the world’s expanding population. Due to this, farmers are depending on excessive utilization of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, which had a detrimental effect on the environment causing degradation of fertile soil which can be triggered by an imbalance in the health of the soil and also destroying beneficial microorganisms. Excessive usage of synthetic fertilizer’s also affects the health of farmers. To overcome the issues of health and soil fertility, strategies like natural and organic farming are practiced and applied. Both natural and organic farming are chemical free with no use of chemical fertilizers or pesticide farming system. It encourages farmers to grow healthy and chemical-free food.
... According to the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority and the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, India ranks eighth globally in terms of organic agricultural land and 88th in the fraction of organic crops to agricultural land. States like Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Sikkim, and Tamil Nadu are notable champions and promoters of organic farming (Willer & Lernoud, 2017Das et al., 2020). As a labor-intensive system, organic farming can contribute to poverty reduction in developing countries, especially for resource-constrained smallholders. ...
... Currently, India holds the distinction of being the largest producer of organic products globally and ranked eighth in terms of organic cultivable land, covering 1.78 million hectares in 2017 (Willer & Lernoud, 2017Das et al., 2020). The growing demand for organic produce in developed countries, coupled with supportive government export policies, fuels the growth of India's organic food industry (Das et al., 2020). ...
The agriculture sector is currently facing numerous challenges as it strives
to meet the growing food demands of an increasingly populous global
community. While conventional farming methods are still widely used due to
their cost-effectiveness and accessibility, they come with their own set of
problems. To address various environmental concerns, it is imperative to
establish a robust and sustainable agricultural system. This involves adopting
a range of environmentally friendly farming practices that not only boost crop
yields and livestock production but also minimize negative ecological impacts.
One prominent example of such an approach is organic farming, which
embodies the principles of sustainability in agriculture. Organic farming
revolves around the cultivation of plants without the use of harmful synthetic
additives like fertilizers, pesticides, and antibiotics. The surging popularity of
organically grown produce can be attributed to its numerous health benefits.
India, in particular, has seen a significant expansion in organic farming and
has become a major global contributor to organic production. Despite some
remaining challenges that hinder the full realization of its economic and health
advantages, the potential of organic farming in India appears promising. This
comprehensive review provides insights into the current state of organic
farming in India, covering its fundamental aspects, inherent benefits, existing
constraints, and encouraging prospects for the future.
Keywords: Agriculture, farming, organic, product, sustainable.
... Turkey presents a unique opportunity for organic market expansion due to its increasing organic production levels (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Foresty 2021). As the country with Europe's largest organic farming area, Turkey contributed 8.1% of the 3.3 million tons of organic imports to Europe in 2018 (Willer and Lernoud 2018). However, despite this productive capacity, domestic organic food retail ...
This study applies the Stimulus‐Organism‐Response (S‐O‐R) model to examine consumers' purchase intentions for organic food. The model incorporates three stimulus (S) variables—price perceptions, health consciousness, and environmental concerns—along with the organism (O) variable of attitudes, culminating in the response (R) of purchase intention. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) on data from 474 organic consumers in Turkey, the study also investigates four moderating variables: subjective and objective knowledge and trust in organic food and labeling processes. These moderators address the commonly observed attitude‐behavioral intention gap. The results reveal that health consciousness, price perception, and environmental concerns positively influence attitudes, enhancing purchase intentions. Moreover, three out of the four moderators were found to enhance the relationship between attitudes and purchase intentions significantly. However, no evidence supported the moderating role of subjective knowledge. These findings offer valuable insights for researchers exploring consumer behavior and practitioners designing marketing strategies, emphasizing the critical role of knowledge and trust in fostering organic food adoption in emerging markets.
... Furthermore, Over the last decades, consumers have steadily increased their consumption of organic food, forming a global market for organic food and drinks amounting to 135.5 billion euros in 2021 (Willer et al., 2023). Coffee production has aligned with this sustainability movement, with organic practices increasingly being adopted in the industry (Flores-Anaya et al., 2022). ...
This study examines the factors affecting coffee value and yield among farming households in Vietnam’s Central Highlands. Utilizing data from the Vietnam Household Agriculture Research Survey and applying ordinary least squares regression, we examine how key variables such as Arabica cultivation, organic certification, input costs, labor, household characteristics, infrastructure access, and climate resilience impact coffee productivity and profitability. The results indicate that increasing the proportion of Arabica coffee significantly enhances both coffee value and yield. Efficient management of economic inputs, particularly irrigation and pesticide use, is found to be crucial in boosting productivity. Household characteristics, including education level and social organization membership, also positively impact coffee yield and profitability, reflecting the role of knowledge dissemination and community engagement.Conversely, high labor costs and remote farm locations negatively affect coffee productivity, while drought events significantly reduce coffee value, highlighting the vulnerability of coffee production to climate change. The findings provide empirical support for policy interventions aimed at strengthening Vietnam’s coffee sector through infrastructure investment, climate adaptation strategies, and the promotion of diversified coffee varieties. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of balancing economic inputs with sustainable farming practices to enhance both environmental and financial resilience. Key words: Coffee production; Arabica; organic certification; agricultural inputs; climate resilience.
... The exponential rise of the market is so undeniably demonstrated. Organic food has a huge potential market in Asia, as evidenced by the expanding demand for it in the EU and US, as well as the growing consumer awareness and per capita income of Asian nations (Willer et al., 2014). Additionally, the promotion of organic food systems is particularly important for Asian nations because it helps with issues like food security, safe food supply, health concerns, sustainable rural and agricultural growth, and environmental protection (Partap, 2010). ...
The world's population growth and environmental deterioration pose a threat to food production, and it is urgent to find suitable solutions. Organic farming is an environmentally beneficial method of agricultural production that guarantees food safety, minimizes health issues, encourages environmental preservation, and creates job possibilities for nearby people. Biopesticides are biological pest control agents that manipulate living things. Microbial pesticides, biochemical pesticides, and plant-incorporated protectants are all types of biopesticides (PIPs). Microbial biopesticides are substances made from microorganisms that can be used to treat plant diseases and insect pests that harm agricultural crops year after year. In the global economy that is reliant on agriculture, they can be crucial for crop security. It is essential right now to encourage farmers all around the world to employ these microbial biopesticides. In Pakistan's national economy, organic agriculture is extremely important. The year-round cultivation of valuable crops, fruits, and vegetables is made possible by the geographic and biological diversity of the region. To make organic farming practical, it is vital to pay attention to the farmers' objectives for alternative approaches. In Pakistan, the adoption of organic farming could have a beneficial and notable impact on farmers’ livelihood in terms of profitability, compatibility, productivity, and sustainability. Organic certification is absolutely necessary to raise the market value on both a national and worldwide scale. © 2022 The Author(s)
... The well-being of shrimp farmers is intricately linked to the effective utilization of land and water resources, as well as the preservation of broader natural assets (Paul and Vogl, 2013). Hatchery owners face the imperative of addressing factors like stocking density, soil and water quality, post-larvae quality, and employing polyculture techniques to ensure not only a sustainable use of water resources but also the maintenance of healthy soil quality (Willer and Kilcher, 2010). The incidence of shrimp diseases poses a risk to economic returns in Bangladesh (Alam et al., 2007). ...
To assess the current usage of aqua drugs and chemicals in enhancing the well-being of aquaculture in Khulna, Satkhira, and Bagerhat districts, a survey was conducted through questionnaire interviews involving 150 representative aquaculture farms. Spanning from January to June 2022 in Bangladesh, the survey encompassed six distinct sub-districts across three different districts. Various aquaculture systems, including finfish polyculture (FP), prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and finfish polyculture (PP), shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and finfish polyculture (SP), shrimp, prawn, and finfish polyculture (SPP), and semi-intensive shrimp culture (SS), were considered during the sampling process. The findings revealed the use of 123 aqua drugs and chemicals, classified into seven groups: water quality modifiers (31), disinfectants or sanitizers (13), oxygen supplier (12), therapeutics (10), probiotics (12), antibiotics (23), and feed supplements and growth promoters (22). Livelihood variables such as age, farm size, experience, education, training, source of water, water exchange frequency, crop duration, and production were recorded and analyzed to comprehend the current social context associated with shrimp farming. The diseases were categorized into viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, nutritional, and environmental with specific examples provided under each category.
... According to FAO (2022), by 2050, with an estimated world population of 9.3 billion people, the agricultural sector will have to produce 60% more of the 8.5 billion tons of food, feed and fiber per year (Dunwell et al., 2013;Willer and Lernoud, 2019;Morales and Ruiz, 2022). Furthermore, the global increase in demand for animalbased protein will be the most important dietary trend (de Vries and de Boer, 2010; Van-Boeckel et al., 2015;Horan et al., 2018). ...
The breeding and exploitation of chickens at the backyard or commercial family level is an activity of great economic relevance for families in Ecuador. In addition to providing protein of high biological value for food security, it revalues local food resources that could provide productive benefits. With this objective, a study has been conducted in order to explore the effect of C. longa flour on the final weight as well as morphometric characteristics of the organs of female chickens. Therefore, a total of 200 birds were randomly distributed into four homogeneous groups, being Control, basal diet only, followed by T1, basal diet + 1 g/d, T2, basal diet + 2 g/d and T3, basal diet + 3 g/d of C. longa. The data analyzed under a general linear model yielded that including C. longa between 1 or 2 g/d did not differ in the final weight compared to the control (2763 ± 28 g, on average; P < 0.32). In the morphometry of the upper organs, T1 indicated a shorter length of the esophagus (3.7 ± 0.5 mm; P < 0.002) and gizzard (4.9 ± 0.3 mm), but with a larger heart than the other treatments (P < 0.02). In addition, differences were evident in the liver, gallbladder and cecum (P = 0.01 to 0.001) that were more marked when C. longa was administered between 1 or 2 g/d. In conclusion, supplementation of female chickens with C. longa proved to be a potential option to have greater final weights with important findings in the morphometric characteristics that could improve different aspects of their development, productivity and well-being. Therefore, more studies at the level of immunology and histology are recommended to support the benefits of C. longa.
... The results of our study showed that among the households surveyed, 60% reported "milk" as their most consumed organic food, followed by vegetables, eggs, dairy products, fruits and bread. In this context, fruits and vegetables account for the largest share of organic food sales in the United States, constituting nearly 15% of fresh pro-duce sales, with milk and dairy products following as the second largest category (Willer and Lernoud, 2018;Greene et al., 2017). Not only in the U.S., many studies (Radman, 2005;Padel and Foster, 2005;Tsakiridou et al., 2008) showed organic "fruits and vegetables" as the main frequently consumed product category. ...
Introduction
Morocco is currently witnessing a growing interest in organic food as awareness of health and environmental benefits rises.
Objective
This study aims to evaluate organic food consumption as well as to understand the underlying factors influencing the consumption patterns, including consumers’ preferences and motivations as well as the challenges they face in Kenitra (Morocco).
Method
Data was collected through an anonymous household survey involving 442 respondents, aged 18 and above targeting the population of Kenitra.
Results
The findings reveal that in 60% of the Kenitra households organic foods comprise 1-25% of all the foods consumed, highlighting a growing interest in these products. However, several barriers were identified, including insufficient availability and accessibility of organic products, as well as limited product variety at local shopping places, and the perceived high prices of organic foods, which continue to hinder organic food consumption. Moreover, consumers expressed a need for better access to organic products and emphasized the importance of reasonable pricing, considering it as a significant factor in their decision-making process.
Conclusion
Understanding the dynamics of organic food consumption in Kenitra and the eating attitudes and behaviors of its residents will provide valuable insights that can be employed to reshape future local policies, strategies, and market developments, in response to the changing demands and preferences of the population while promoting the adoption of organic food in the region and the whole country.
... This is in tandem with Garnet and Wilkes (2014) that the soil fertility is boosted and amended by manure via addition of organic matter and nutrients and other useful soil organisms like bacteria that fix nitrogen in the soil, whereas fungi decompose organic matter in the manure. Additionally, Willer and Lernoud (2014) emphasize that manure comprises of essential, recyclable constituents. Some of these constituents are organic matters, and nutrients. ...
The study focuses on the methods and practices of the Anglican Church of Uganda for environmental promotion and protection. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Primary sources enabled the study to generate firsthand information known as primary data. During the collection of data, the researcher used interviews, focus group discussions, and observation methods. Secondary data was collected through a major document review and analysis. From documents, the study generated secondary information that gave a broader perspective of the research questions and concepts for this study which was also cost-friendly. The results from the respondents confirmed that Christians are enabled to take their obligation seriously to promote and protect the environment. It was shown from the data obtained from the respondents that some of the Christians are regularly educated about environmental promotion and protection. The findings from the respondents suggested that the Anglican Theological Institutions of learning include environmental issues in their curricula. It was revealed by the respondents that a full week of reflection on stewardship of the environment annually was designated by the Anglican Christians of Uganda.
... Global sales of organic food & drink reached 59 billion US$ in 2010, while it was only 15.2 billion US$ in 1999, indicates an expansion of four-fold in 11 years (Willer and Kilcher, 2012). Growth rate of Thai organic agricultural market is much higher than that of world market. ...
... Os Estados Unidos são o maior mercado de leite orgânico no mundo (Dimitri & Nehring, 2022), com estimativa de vendas de US$ 6 bilhões em 2020, cinco vezes o nível encontrado em 2002 (Willer et al., 2022). Na Europa, os produtos orgânicos que tiveram melhor desempenho de vendas são ovos, vegetais e frutas, segundo o relatório do Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau e da International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (FiBL-IFOAM) (Willer & Lernoud, 2019). O leite e os produtos lácteos orgânicos, por sua vez, registraram participações de mercado relevantes em alguns países, mostrando que o leite orgânico, de fato, construiu uma reputação entre os consumidores (Bonanno et al., 2018). ...
Os consumidores estão cada vez mais exigentes quanto à produção, segurança e qualidade dos alimentos e, neste contexto, os produtos orgânicos vêm ganhando cada vez mais espaço. Entre os alimentos orgânicos, os lácteos são os produtos responsáveis por 20% das vendas mundiais, atrás apenas de frutas e legumes. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o mercado consumidor de lácteos orgânicos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil dos consumidores de lácteos orgânicos no Brasil. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa por meio de questionário virtual, entre 28 de junho e 20 de julho de 2022, que abrangeu todas as regiões do Brasil. Os resultados indicam que o consumo de lácteos orgânicos está associado a um maior nível de renda. Os principais entraves para o aumento do consumo foram os preços elevados e a dificuldade de encontrar os produtos.
... According to FiBL & IFOAM -Organic International found that in 2018 the global organic farming area was 69.8 million hectares, accounting for 1.40 percent of the world's agricultural land. Most of the productive areas are in Oceania with 47% followed by Europe with 23%, Latin America 12%, Asia 9%, North America 6%, and Africa 3% that had market creates a value of approximately 2.8 trillion baht [32]. In Thailand, the organic farm area seventh of finding the right distribution channels to reach the target consumer, marketing communication, and marketing activities to create awareness and attract consumers to purchase organic products is essential to help them sell products and be profitable to the enterprise. ...
... » Premium Prices and Market Access: Organic products often command higher prices in the market, providing economic incentives for farmers. Additionally, organic farming can open access to niche markets and export opportunities (Willer & Lernoud, 2019). ...
... According to the FiBL-IFOAM survey report (Willer et al., 2013), 1 organic farming is practised by 186 countries with ~71.5 million hectares of agricultural land managed by 2.8 million producers. The per capita consumption was €12.8, and the number of countries with organic regulation in 2018 was 87 (Willer et al., 2018). The organic food market is still in its infancy, with Malaysia importing more than 60% of its requirements (Somasundaram et al., 2016). ...
This article aims to test whether organic food consumers’ perception of organisations’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) matters by examining the specific attributes that consumers prioritise in gauging the corporate CSR of organisations manufacturing organic food products in Malaysia. A structured Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data from a total of 313 consumers utilising the survey method. Findings suggest that organisations should prioritise stakeholders’ interest through positive health benefits of organic food products, environmental commitment, product knowledge, trustworthy information and affordable prices rather than using CSR as a growth factor to promote quality and sustainability only. The study emphasises the role of the Malaysian government in enhancing the standards of organic food production and processing, which will motivate many companies to venture into organic farming and lead towards less reliance on imports of organic food. This will build up consumer trust and satisfaction towards organic produce. Lastly, there will be an increase in consumer trust and satisfaction towards organic produce as demand increases after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study is suitable for organic food manufacturers who intend to improve social image, stakeholder experience and value creation, which will help brand their products. The implications of this study are generalisable not only in Malaysia but worldwide since the world is moving towards the new normal, and precautionary measures to combat health issues are prioritised.
... Recently there is a steady growth of market for organic products, driven by rising consumer awareness for health and environment (Willer et al., 2009). This offers farmers a chance to produce for premium price markets and hence an opportunity to increase their farm profitability and livelihoods. ...
A field experiment was conducted at the Central Research Farm of Bidhan Chandra
Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, Indiain local scented rice (Gobindo bhog) –
potato – groundnut cropping system from June 2005 to May 2012. The experiment consisted of
seven nutrient management packeges where, farm yard manure (FYM) (0.57% N),
vermicompost (1.04% N), neem cake (5.11% N), Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter,
phosphate solubilizing bacteria ( PSB) and dhaincha green manure were used as organic
amendments, whereas N, P, K and Zn containing fertilizers were tested as inorganic. Higher
system rice equivalent yield (9168 kg ha -1) with 33% of recommended N each from FYM,
Vermicompost and neem cake along with intercropping of coriander leaf in potato and lady‟s
finger in groundnut. Higest organic carbon (6.97 g kg-1) was recorded in the treatment with 33%
of recommended N each from FYM, vermicompost and neem cake in every crop + black
polythin mulch in potato and green gram and dhaincha green manure in rice. The available
nitrogen was significantly higher in the treatment where 33% of recommended N each from
FYM, Vermicompost and neem cake and available phosphorus and potash in the fully inorganic
treatment. Significantly higher system gross return (Rs.1,60,442 ha-1) was observed with 33% of
recommended N each from FYM, Vermicompost and neem cake along with intercropping of
coriander leaf with potato and lady‟s finger with groundnut
... In the case of Sri Lanka, the total organic agricultural land, including areas in the process of conversion, amounted to 165,553 hectares (Willer and Lernoud, 2019). ...
Amidst a significant uptick in organic product consumption driving the growth of organic agriculture, formulating policies to promote this method necessitates a thorough grasp of the factors influencing farmers' decisions to embrace organic cultivation. This study aims to investigate the determinants of farmers' choices to shift toward green agriculture. A sample of 150 rural paddy farmers was selected from Puttalam district using a multistage sampling technique, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Seven key determinants have been discerned as critical contributors to this paradigm shift, such as Health Enhancement, Environmental Protection, Attitude, Economic Profitability, Knowledge of organic farming, Perceived Risk, and Government Support. In light of this, a conceptual model with seventeen hypotheses was created. Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) to identify the direct, indirect, and mediating effects among the relevant variables. The estimated model revealed strong direct effects of economic profitability and perceived risk on organic farming adoption behavior, while government support had an indirect effect. Moreover, health enhancement demonstrated SLJM Vol a significant direct effect on attitude, and knowledge emerged as a strong predictor with both significant direct and indirect effects on the dependent variable. The hypotheses concerning mediated pathways were also supported with partial and full mediators. These findings provide crucial insights for policymakers, guiding the development of appropriate policies and the implementation of sustainable organic farming practices among paddy farmers.
... In the case of Sri Lanka, the total organic agricultural land, including areas in the process of conversion, amounted to 165,553 hectares (Willer and Lernoud, 2019). ...
Amidst a significant uptick in organic product consumption driving the growth of organic agriculture, formulating policies to promote this method necessitates a thorough grasp of the factors influencing farmers' decisions to embrace organic cultivation. This study aims to investigate the determinants of farmers' choices to shift toward green agriculture. A sample of 150 rural paddy farmers was selected from Puttalam district using a multistage sampling technique, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Seven key determinants have been discerned as critical contributors to this paradigm shift, such as Health Enhancement, Environmental Protection, Attitude, Economic Profitability, Knowledge of organic farming, Perceived Risk, and Government Support. In light of this, a conceptual model with seventeen hypotheses was created. Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) to identify the direct, indirect, and mediating effects among the relevant variables. The estimated model revealed strong direct effects of economic profitability and perceived risk on organic farming adoption behavior, while government support had an indirect effect. Moreover, health enhancement demonstrated SLJM Vol a significant direct effect on attitude, and knowledge emerged as a strong predictor with both significant direct and indirect effects on the dependent variable. The hypotheses concerning mediated pathways were also supported with partial and full mediators. These findings provide crucial insights for policymakers, guiding the development of appropriate policies and the implementation of sustainable organic farming practices among paddy farmers.
... Instead, organic farmers use crop rotations, compost, green manure, and biological pest control to maintain soil fertility and manage pests and diseases. Organic farming promotes soil health, reduces water pollution, and enhances biodiversity on the farm [15]. Moreover, organic products often command premium prices in the market, providing higher income potential for farmers [16]. ...
The world is moving fast towards clean energy, and investors recognize the significance of investing in clean energy because of the prospects of such investment. Investing in clean energy projects such as solar farms and wind turbines is receiving tremendous attention across the globe. The continuous development of technology tools in finance, most importantly fintech and blockchain, supports the exploration of investments in clean energy. Therefore, investment in clean energy is adding to the fight against fossil fuels, which reduces the impact of climate change across the globe. The paper investigated, using desk research, how fintech and blockchain are transforming investment in green energy to combat climate change impact across the globe. The paper revealed the impact of blockchain technology on green investment and how investors benefit from their investments in green energy. The paper will ignite investors' curiosity to explore the benefits of fossil fuel control and further push fossil fuel control advocates to invest in green energy projects.
Key Words: Investment in Green Energy, Fintech, Blockchain technology, Climate change, Renewable energy projects,
... The total area of organic agriculture is only about 0.4% of the total farmland in Indonesia, far below Timor Leste, a country previously part of Indonesia, which has reached 16.8% [4]. The number of Indonesian organic farmers is only around 17,948 [5]. In comparison, the regions with the largest organic farmland are Oceania (36 million ha, which is half (50%) of the world's organic farmland) and Europe (15.6 million ha, 22%). ...
... From my 1 year of immersion in Sado's AFN, seeing the efforts of different actors come together to create numerous community food and culture focused events left a deep impression. These events blend tradition with small but radical acts of sustainability, in a society that has a lower awareness of sustainable agriculture than might be expected (organic only accounts for 0.2-0.5% in Japan compared to 1.4% globally), Willer and Lernoud (2019) and Miyake and Kohsaka (2020). As I experienced these active communities as a participant within them, they became more nuanced, and as a result I felt the need to support them became more pressing. ...
Introduction
Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) are important sources of community-driven sustainable food production and consumption. It is apparent that despite the existing environmentally friendly ways of producing food, such networks are not yet multiplying at a rate which could help tackle climate change and biodiversity loss. This study is set in Sado island, Japan, which has become well known for its farming practices protecting the crested ibis, as well as its GIAHS status, but which also has an AFN beyond these accreditations. It investigates the challenges and opportunities of Sado’s AFN to find ways to help it thrive, and give potential pointers for developing new AFN’s.
Methods
In this research I use a mix of experiential sensory ethnography, socially-engaged art and interviews to understand the challenges and opportunities of an AFN in Sado island, Japan. A range of Sado’s AFN actors were engaged to provide a more holistic picture.
Results
Young and new entrant farmers, food processors and retailers in Sado expressed the need for their work to be fun as well as in coexistence with nature, using innovative practices and models to make this a reality. AFN actors also revealed a great capacity to undertake numerous food and culture related events, for the purpose of community, throughout the year. Despite this, there are gaps in capacity, and a lingering negative image of farming and rural areas as difficult places to live. These factors are stemming the ability for new AFNs to begin and existing ones to thrive.
Discussion
Giving farming a fun, empowering and positive image whilst creating greater networking capacity could strengthen this AFN and help create new ones in other ruralities. Further, better acknowledging the importance of the culture and arts through which people connect to nature could form a greater source of pride and motivation to stay in rural areas.
... The demand for organic food has increased substantially over the past two decades and continues to do so (Massey, O'Cass & Otahal 2018). Despite this apparent rapid growth in the organic food sector globally, market-related statistics for South Africa (SA) are limited (Kelly & Metelerkamp 2015;Willer & Lernoud 2016). However, it would appear as if there is a growing interest in organic, free-range, and locally produced foods among South African consumers (Vermeulen & Biénabe, 2007). ...
Consumer knowledge, perceptions, practices and the barriers relating to organic foods-Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa 78 ABSTRACT Globally, organic food consumption has increased over the past two decades and continues to do so. Although international research on consumer practices, perceptions, knowledge and the barriers relating to organic food has been extensive, the literature in South Africa (SA) is limited. This study aimed to address the apparent knowledge gap. A convergent mixed methods study was conducted. For quantitative data, an interviewer-administered questionnaire was completed with 337 adult consumers at 16 randomly sampled grocery stores in Gauteng, Johannesburg, SA. Study participants were stratified based on their frequency of organic food consumption as regular organic food consumers (ROFC), occasional organic food consumers (OOFC) and non-organic food consumers (NOFC). Qualitative data (N=18) were collected by means of focus group discussions. A total of 44.8% of questionnaire participants were ROFC, 43.0% were NOFC and 12.2% were OOFC. ROFC were significantly older (p=0.040) than NOFC. The main motive for consuming organic food among questionnaire participants was health and nutritional reasons (91.67%). Similarly, focus group discussion participants were primarily motivated to consume organic food for health reasons. Participants perceived organic food to be more environmentally friendly (98.8%) and healthier (94.1%) than conventional food (CF). Most participants disagreed that CF is safer (94.1%), has a superior quality (78.9%) and that it is tastier (61.1%) than organic food. Negative perceptions of organic food predominantly related to the price and availability thereof. The total mean knowledge score was 57.6%, with ROFC having a significantly higher score than NOFC (p=0.048). Focus group discussion data indicated that ROFC had a better understanding of organic food. The main barriers to consuming organic food were the high cost (65.9%) and the lack of availability (57.3%) thereof. Similarly, price, lack of convenience and lack of availability were barriers for the focus group discussion participants.
Organic farming is gaining global popularity as a response to the detrimental effects of chemical-based agriculture and the increasing challenges posed by climate change. The agricultural sector is actively seeking sustainable solutions to reduce carbon footprints by minimizing synthetic inputs and recycling farm resources. Organic farming presents a promising alternative, but its success hinges on the development of comprehensive production technologies. Key components for establishing a sustainable organic system include variety development, rapid nutrient availability through natural sources, and effective organic weed and pest management. Potatoes, a staple of the Indian diet, stand to benefit significantly from recent advancements in organic farming. States such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Assam offer substantial opportunities for the growth of organic potato farming. Over the past decade, research and development efforts have led to the creation of production technologies that achieve yields surpassing the national average, underscoring the viability of organic potato farming for sustainability. The shift towards organic farming is especially important in the context of climate change, which pressurizes the agricultural industry to adopt practices that reduce environmental impact. By minimizing synthetic products and focusing on resource recycling, organic farming can help mitigate carbon emissions and contribute to climate change mitigation. Although transitioning to organic systems presents challenges, it also offers a critical opportunity to ensure the long-term sustainability of agriculture, particularly for essential crops like potatoes.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi discutir a relação entre o uso do crédito rural e os pilares da sustentabilidade econômica e ambiental. A título de contextualização, ressalta-se que na busca pela promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável, o Programa das Nações Unidas propõe a Agenda 2030, como um plano de ação global para um 2030 mais sustentável, dispondo de 17 Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Os ODS representam um notável avanço no que se refere à proteção ambiental, crescimento econômico, desenvolvimento social e promoção dos direitos humanos. Em termos metodológicos foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados feitos para cada produtor, usuários de crédito rural e não usuários. Já para a análise dos dados foi realizada uma Análise de Coordenadas Principais-Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) e uma Análise de Variância Multivariada Permutacional (PERMANOVA). A distância Euclidiana foi utilizada tanto na PCoA quanto na PERMANOVA. A Transformação de Hellinger foi performada para remover efeito das diferenças nas amplitudes das variáveis. Verificou-se que o pilar ambiental foi o que mais influenciou a ordenação dos respondentes, as maiores preocupações desses produtores da agricultura familiar são com questões ambientais. Em outro foco, a pesquisa demonstrou que, os produtores que não utilizavam crédito foram identificados como os mais importantes para o desenvolvimento sustentável, já que o crédito rural, não viabilizaria essa produção, segundo os pesquisados.
This study examined the impact of government subsidies on the development of organic farming in Tumkur District, Karnataka. Organic farming relies on sustainable practices, and this movement has gained traction as the government promotes eco-friendly agricultural methods. The main goal of the research is to assess how various types of subsidies, such as financial grants, training programs, and support for organic inputs, affect farmers' choices to adopt organic farming. Data were gathered from 115 respondents through a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results show a strong positive link between government subsidies and the growth of organic farming, with financial grants being the preferred type of support. However, the study points out that bureaucratic delays, a lack of awareness about various subsidy programs, and complex application processes have hindered the effective utilization of these subsidies. However, the study highlights those bureaucratic delays, a lack of awareness regarding different subsidy programs, and complicated application processes have impeded the effective use of these subsidies. Farmers are struggling to access training and follow-up support, which has limited the full realization of these initiatives' benefits. In light of these findings, the study concludes that while government subsidies are essential for promoting organic farming, there is a pressing need to address existing gaps by improving policy implementation, increasing farmer awareness, and simplifying procedures to optimize these subsidies. Strengthening these areas will ultimately foster sustainable agriculture and enhance food security in the long term.
This research was conducted to compare the quality and nutritional profile of temperate fruits cultivated in conventional and organic orchards. Sampling was done in Iran from four orchards (two organic and two conventional). Ten fruits were sampled in three replicates in each of the organic and conventional orchards. Some traits such as the content of carotenoid, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, phenolics, protein, soluble solids (TSS) and calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and phosphorus elements were measured in the fruits and leaves. This study aims to evaluate the variability in chemical and nutritional quality parameters among various temperate fruit species sourced from both organic and conventional production methods. The research findings indicate that fruits cultivated in organic orchards exhibit superior quality and enhanced nutritional profiles compared to those grown conventionally. Specifically, the highest levels of carotenoids, chlorophyll, protein, and essential minerals were observed in the organic orchard. Notably, the interaction between orchard type and fruit variety revealed that organic mulberry displayed the highest concentrations of chlorophyll, protein, copper, and potassium. In contrast, organic grapes and figs presented elevated total soluble solids, copper, zinc, and iron levels. These results underscore the benefits of organic farming practices in producing nutritionally rich fruits.
The paper explores the adoption of organic cotton production by smallholder farmers in Tajikistan’s northern Sughd and southwestern Khatlon regions through the lens of political ecology. The research focuses on the complex interactions among socio-economic, environmental and political variables that influence the decision-making processes of Tajikistani smallholders as they navigate the transition towards adopting organic farming practices. This transition, initiated and guided by the external actors, largely from high-income nations, emphasizes broader power dynamics and asymmetries inherent within the global agricultural system. In addition to illuminating the pivotal role of smallholder farmers in sustainable agriculture and rural development, we ask how power relations, institutional frameworks, and market dynamics impacts the adoption of organic cotton by smallholders in Tajikistan, and the implications this has for local communities. By exploring these dimensions, we emphasize the need for supportive policies and the development of inclusive market mechanisms. This study acknowledges the vulnerability of smallholders to the volatility of the global organic cotton markets, influenced by external shocks such as pandemics, wars, and natural hazards. Considering the absence of domestic markets for organic produce in Tajikistan, we stress the reliance of smallholders on turbulent external markets, highlighting the urgent need for resilient and diversified market linkages to safeguard their livelihoods.
This chapter includes well-researched literature exploring various aspects of social activism and its connection to social work. Topic factors such as social movements, nongovernmental organizations and their role in social action, activism related to various minority groups in different parts of the world and human rights and activism related to various human rights violations are the major focus of this chapter.
Cultivation without synthetic pesticides, artificial fertilizers, growth hormones, antibiotics, or genetically modified organisms is known as organic farming. Growing worries about food availability, human health, and environmental degradation have drawn a lot of attention to organic agriculture on a global scale. This chapter looks at current developments, innovations, and trends in organic farming, offering insights into how the industry is evolving. Food cultures are also promoted by organic agriculture's revival of traditional varieties and reintroduction of traditional foods into the farming community's diets. Organic farming methods, which prioritize the use of natural inputs and ecological balance, are a sustainable alternative to conventional farming.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the innovative technologies used by farmers for livestock production in Bangladesh. A field survey was conducted on farmers’ innovative techniques on livestock in the Sirajganj, Jashore, and Bandarban districts. For that survey, a total of 220 farmers who traditionally used innovative technologies in the study area were considered. The information was collected by using an interview schedule. Agriculture was the main occupation of the farmers in the study areas, namely Shahjadpur, Sirajganj (70%), Jashore Sadar (67%), and Naikhongchari, Bandarban (60%). In Jashore, Bandarban, and Sirajganj, the cattle possessions were 5.30±1.10, 3.20±0.97, and 11.96±2.11 no./family, respectively. In the case of small ruminants, the average numbers of goats were 11.20±3.11, 6.32±1.10, and 5.76±1.30, whereas for sheep were 3.84±0.68, 3.21±0.97, and 1.77±0.56 no./family in Jashore, Bandarban, and Sirajganj, respectively. According to the general information provided by the farmers, small-scale livestock production systems exist in the study area. The study tries to highlight the list of farmers’s innovative technologies that were used for livestock production. Among the identified innovative technologies, it was found that 63.33%, 23.33%, 10%, and 3.34% were utilised by farmers in the districts of Jashore, Bandarban, Sirajganj & Bandarban, and Sirajganj & Jashore, respectively.
This study investigates the effects of information disclosure on consumer acceptance of organic and conventional rice, focusing on sensory experiences and repurchase intentions. Two randomized controlled trials were conducted with 211 university staff members to examine how farming practice information, package design, and producer information influence taste perception and willingness to eat rice again. In the first trial, disclosure of organic farming information significantly improved both taste perception and willingness to eat organic rice again. The proportion of participants preferring organic rice taste increased from 31.8% to 44.8%, while willingness to eat organic rice again rose from 16.4% to 34.4% with information disclosure. The second trial, focusing on conventional rice, revealed that while package design and producer information did not significantly affect taste perception, they positively influenced repurchase intentions. Willingness to eat rice in a designed package again increased from 17.3% to 29.4% when producer information was disclosed. Across both trials, a strong relationship between taste evaluation and willingness to eat again was observed. Individual attributes, such as being particular about food, showed complex relationships with rice evaluation. Notably, environmental awareness, despite being prevalent among respondents, had limited effect on organic rice evaluation. These findings have important implications for organic rice marketing strategies and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices. They suggest that providing clear information about organic farming practices could enhance consumer acceptance and potentially increase market share for organic rice. For conventional rice producers, results highlight the importance of package design and producer information in influencing repurchase intentions.
Sustainable nitrogen management is crucial for long-term food security and environmental protection in rice farming systems. However, the spatial patterns of nitrogen availability at the community level remain poorly understood, hindering the development of effective sustainable management strategies. This study introduces a novel application of spatial autoregressive analysis to investigate available nitrogen distribution in paddy soils across a rice farming community in Kyoto, Japan. Soil samples from 61 plots, including organically farmed ones, were analyzed for available nitrogen and various physicochemical properties. Contrary to the hypothesis of high variability between adjacent plots, significant positive spatial autocorrelation in available nitrogen was observed, revealing previously unrecognized community-level patterns. The spatial Durbin model outperformed traditional regression approaches and revealed complex spatial interactions in soil properties. Water-soluble organic carbon and humus content showed strong but opposing effects, with a positive direct impact but negative spatial interaction, suggesting topography-driven accumulation processes. Water-soluble nitrogen exhibited reverse patterns with negative direct effects but positive spatial interaction, indicating potential nutrient transport through water movement. These findings highlight the importance of considering both direct and indirect spatial effects in understanding soil fertility patterns, challenging the conventional plot-by-plot management approach. This methodological advancement provides new perspectives for more effective, community-scale soil management strategies in rice farming systems. Moreover, it demonstrates an innovative approach to maximizing the value of outsourced soil analysis data, providing a model for more comprehensive utilization of such data in agricultural research. By enabling more targeted and efficient nitrogen management practices that consider both plot-level processes and landscape-scale interactions, this study potentially contributes to the development of more sustainable and resilient rice production systems.
In markets where vegetables are commonly cultivated with heavy use of synthetic pesticides, it is particularly important for consumers to be able to identify genuine organic produce. Organic Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) certification offers smallholder farmers an affordable way to build trust among consumers and secure premium prices for their organic produce. In Vietnam, the demand for vegetables with no, or low, pesticide residues is growing. The attractiveness of PGS certification should increase accordingly, but the number of organic PGS certified farmers in Vietnam are stagnating or even decreasing. The aim of this study is to explain this paradox by investigating the factors that influence the adoption of organic PGS certification among Vietnamese vegetable farmers. We follow a mixed methods approach, combining a qualitative analysis of farmer interviews (n = 62) and a quantitative analysis of a farm survey data (n = 434) using a sample selection model that estimates adoption contingent on farmers’ awareness of PGS certification. Drawing on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, we found that social relationships and positive attitudes towards farming and the environment drive the adoption of organic PGS. Barriers include insufficient knowledge of organic farming techniques, labour shortages, and ageing farmers. At the systemic level, support by (non-)governmental institutions facilitates adoption, but challenges such as lower yields and limited access to premium markets remain. To promote organic PGS among Vietnamese vegetable farmers, efforts should focus on disseminating organic farming techniques that boost yields, alleviate labour demands, and ensure secure markets for premium-priced organic vegetables.
One of the most popular and contemporary areas of engagement, food fads, and culinary tourism is a rage across different parts of the world including various regions in Asia. From widely popular mukbangs, to trending food hashtags on Instagram, to the expansion of online food review platforms that run solely on user-generated content, Asia hosts some of the most popular and trending applications like Dianping, MangoPlate, Pergikuliner, Zomato, etc. where millions of users hook in every day either to consume or to produce and share their experiences with food and food-related travels. The content that gets generated in the process, thus, not only becomes a means of expression for social media users and digital creators but also contributes to the growth and development of an inherent curiosity for the space and culture among the non-residents.
Мақолада экологик қишлоқ хўжалиги ва органик маҳсулотлар етиштириш тизимини такомиллаштиришда хорижий тажрибаларни ўрганиш муҳимлиги ёритилган. Бу иқтисодиётни диверсификация қилишнинг ҳал қилувчи йўналиши сифатида қаралмоқда. Бундай ёндашув корхоналарни экологик маҳсулотлар ишлаб чиқариш ва қайта ишлашга ўтказиш, қишлоқ хўжалигини барқарор ривожланиш сари йўлга қўйиш, маҳсулотларнинг рақобатбардошлигини ошириш, қишлоқ жойларда аҳоли бандлигини ошириш, ишлаб чиқаришнинг экологик-иқтисодий самарадорлигини оширишга, экологик маҳсулотларни етиштириш ва қайта ишлаш контекстида қишлоқ хўжалиги барқарорлиги, органик деҳқончилик ва иқтисодиётни диверсификация қилишга қаратилган. Экологик деҳқончиликка ўтишда пахта етиштириш ҳолати таҳлил қилиниб, тавсиялар берилди.
The food industry is a major contributor to climate change and has been linked to environmental and health issues due to excessive use of agrochemicals. To address these issues, responsible consumption and production have emerged. Organic certification is a common strategy for assuring consumers about sustainability. However, there is little research on organic food consumption in emerging countries. This study aims to examine the impact of green consumption values on environmental concerns using the theory of consumption values and also looks at the moderating effects of buying involvement. The researchers gathered data from 48 farmer markets in Punjab, Pakistan. They analyzed 730 respondents' data and found significant positive correlations between environmental concerns and multi‐dimensional green consumption values. The epistemic value was identified as a highly significant predictor of environmental concerns. The studied relationships are influenced by the buyer's level of involvement (low, average, and high), with significant differences in the connections between environmental concerns and consumption values among consumers with different levels of buying involvement. The findings have important implications for increasing organic food consumption in the mainstream market. This initiative is a significant milestone in achieving Responsible Consumption and Production (SDGs‐12 th ) , as organic production benefits human health and promotes a sustainable environment.
In this thesis, it is aimed to determine the knowledge levels and approaches
of consumers in the East Mediterranean Region towards organic and functional
foods, to determine whether there is a relationship between consumers'
demographic characteristics and their approaches towards organic and functional
foods, and to examine their purchasing behaviors. Within the scope of the research,
an online survey was conducted with 384 people from the provinces of Adana,
Osmaniye, Kahramanmaraş and Hatay. Various statistical analyzes were carried
out using the SPSS program with the primary data obtained. According to the
results of the research, the most preferred news sources of consumers who state
that they are aware of functional foods are the internet and social media. In
addition, it was found that the most consumed organic food products by the
participants were organic tomato paste and organic olive oil, while functional foods
were Turkish coffee, pickles and mineral water. The expression “Organic foods are
produced by environmentally friendly methods”, which is under the factor of
“Ecological Awareness”, has the highest average value among the statements in the
scale regarding the approaches of consumers towards organic foods. On the other
hand, the highest average value in the scale regarding consumers' approaches to
functional foods belongs to the statement "I can protect my health by consuming
functional foods" included in the "Reward" factor. It is important to be informed by
various institutions in order to increase the level of knowledge of consumers about
functional foods and to warn them about possible health risks in case of excessive
consumption. In addition, it will be very useful to inform consumers in detail about
organic agriculture and organic foods by the relevant ministries and universities
through various activities, in order to increase the awareness of consumers on this
issue.
Keywords: Organic Food, Functional Food, Consumer Approaches, East
Mediterranean Region
Organic aquaculture represents a comprehensive approach to farm management and food production. It integrates the best environmental practices, promotes biodiversity conservation, preserves natural resources, and places a strong emphasis on ensuring the well-being of the fish, all in alignment with the preferences of discerning consumers. In this study, water quality and suitability of two different trout production enterprises in Feke/Adana city in Turkey for organic fish culture was investigated. The water quality parameters evaluated include temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, alkalinity, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, orthophosphate phosphorus, and alkalinity. It is seen that the head waters have a high water quality standard in terms of all their physical and chemical properties.
В статье представлены результаты исследований влияния удобрений на биометрические показатели и урожайность картофеля. В полевых опытах с зарубежными сортами картофеля и местным сортом-стандартом Тянь-Шанский установлено, что внесение удобрений в почву под картофель способствует увеличению высоты растения, количества стеблей и листьев, а также количества клубней на 1 куст. Наиболее высокие показатели габитуса растений картофеля были отмечены на вариантах опыта с внесением высоких норм минеральных удобрений (N225P135K180) и совместного внесения органических и минеральных удобрений (N190P110K150 + навоз, 40 т/га). Так, высота растения на этих вариантах составила 67-82 см, количество стеблей - 5,3-6,1 штук, количество листьев - 116-145 штук, количество клубней - 11,6-14,7 штук на 1 куст. Формирование мощно развитой биомассы картофельных растений способствовало получению более высоких урожаев клубней по сравнению с контролем (без удобрений). В среднем за 2 года исследований урожайность клубней картофеля на вариантах с внесением удобрений составила 26,0-38,4 т/га, что выше контроля на 39,46-66,53%. Среди сортов картофеля по продуктивности наиболее отзывчивыми на удобрения были сорта Аладин и Инноватор. Урожайность этих сортов на вариантах с внесением удобрений составила 33,5-40,8 т/га и 31,8-38,4 т/га соответственно, что выше контроля на 54,69-66,53% и 37,07-65,52%. Таким образом, результаты исследований свидетельствуют о том, что внесение удобрений в почву под картофель является эффективным способом повышения его продуктивности. При этом наиболее эффективны высокие нормы минеральных удобрений (N225P135K180) и совместное внесение органических и минеральных удобрений (N190P110K150 + навоз, 40 т/га).
Modern agriculture and vector-borne diseases are responsible for the rapid increase in pesticide usage, which is harmful to animals, particularly birds. The declining in the diversity of bird’s species is a major concern Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is the commonly used insecticide in agriculture sector. Unfortunately, CPF is still being applied across the world. Objective: To evaluate the toxic impact of chlorpyrifos on the ovaries of the pigeon in relation to the reproductive toxicity. Methods: For this purpose, N=80 healthy (Columba Livia domestica) pigeons were used. Pigeons had been acclimated for fifteen (15) days and divided into four equal groups (A-D) Oral dosages 1.3 mg, 1.6 mg, and 2.1 mg per kg body weight per day of chlorpyrifos (CPF) were administered respectively to group B, C and D for 84 consecutive days and pigeons from group (A) assigned as control. Daily observations were made on stress-related signs and behavioral changes. (H & E) staining method was applied to examine histological change in the ovary of pigeons after exposure to CPF, likewise for the control. Results: Birds from groups B-D displayed notable clinical signs such as: tremors, salivation, open-mouth breathing, ruffled feathers, lethargy and watery diarrhea and reduced food intake. The Histological examinations revealed that the ovary of pigeons from the B, C, and D showed notable variations such as follicular degeneration, vacuolation, hypertrophy, and fibrosis after exposure to CPF. The intensity was on high doses as compared to control which were with normal ovarian articulation small containing big follicles of all diameters. Oocytes, thecal layers, granulosa layers (g), stromal Tissue, and nucleus contained yolk-like secondary oocytes, mature follicles. Conclusions: In current study it was concluded that, the CPF produced drastic impact on the ovary of pigeon that may be associated with alterations in reproduction.
Organic aquaculture is a new approach in the modern farming system. As the capital investment is higher for setting up the organic aquaculture, it is essential to conduct an economic feasibility study with compare the conventional farming system. In the current study, economic feasibility of culturing Indian major carps (IMC) using conventional culture system and organic culture system (OCS) were evaluated. IMC was cultured for three consecutive years from 2017 to 2019 in experimental ponds of 0.015 hectare (ha) area each. The crude protein content of the organic and conventional feed was maintained at the same iso-nitrogenous level (32% crude protein) but the highest production to the tune of 19 tons per ha was obtained in OCS. Further, in case of OCS, apart from fish production, vermicomposting to the tune of 45,000 kg ha⁻¹ in the first year, and 90,000 kg ha⁻¹ from second year onward is achievable by installing a vermicomposting unit of 200 tons annual capacity. Economic analysis of the culture systems assuming a project period of 10 years showed that the highest net present value (NPV) of 1.06 million USD, a payback period of one year and nine months and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 51% are achievable per ha of fish culture pond for OCS. Sensitivity analysis of various costs performed for OCS revealed that profitability of the organic fish farming investment is most sensitive to the total fish production and sale price of the organic fishes. In terms of production of fish and economics of organic culture system is proved to be the best available technique.
Objective - As Vietnam is a densely populated country with stable economic growth and rising concern for environmental problems in recent years, people are increasingly showing more interest in organic food. This study aims to explore the purchase intention of Vietnamese Generation Z (Gen Z) towards organic food. Methodology - We extended the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) with three specific pro-environmental factors that are health consciousness, environmental concern, and knowledge of organic food, to investigate the purchase intention of Gen Z. A self-administered online survey was conducted in Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City as they are most populated cities in the country. Findings – 426 valid responses were received for data analysis after three months. Linear regression analysis was run in SPSS software to test six hypotheses. Research findings reveal that attitude has the most substantial influence on the purchase intention of Gen Z, followed by health consciousness, subjective norms, and personal norms. Notably, environmental concerns and knowledge of organic food do not necessarily affect Gen Z’s purchase intention. Our findings suggest that related stakeholders in the organic food market adjust their production and marketing tactics to attract Gen Z better. Novelty – The novelty of this paper is attributed to our effort to integrate pro-environmental variables into the TPB to test their impact on organic food purchase intention in a new research context of a transition country. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: M31, M59. Keywords: Organic food, Purchase intention, Generation Z, Vietnam Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Nguyen, P.M; Phan, B.T; Hung, T.H; Luu, T.M.N. (2024). What Motivates Generation Z in Vietnam to Purchase Organic Food? An Application of Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review, 9(1), 13 – 26 https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2024.9.1(2)
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