No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) extract and usage in water purification
... The average grain size obtained for synthesised nanoparticles was calculated by Debye-Scherrer formula and was found to be 8.625 nm (Shukla et al., 2010). Namratha and Monica (2013) performed XRD analysis of the green synthesised silver nanoparticles from neem leaves extract which showed the XRD data obtained was in the 2 theta range from 10° to 80° in step scan mode with 2 theta step of 0.02° and the diffractometer reading of their study indicated that the synthesised sample was silver nanoparticles and the smaller peaks contributed to impurities. This was in accordance with the diffractometer reading obtained in this study. ...
... 54 (3) : 647-655 According to Ahmed et al. (2013), the antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles would be higher for the maximum interaction of silver nanoparticles with the bacterial cells at a grain size range of 1-10 nanometer diameter in XRD analysis of AgNPs. The XRD analysis of green synthesised silver nanoparticles had a grain size ranging from 20-100 nm (Namratha and Monica, 2013) which reduced the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles. Roy et al. (2017) evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the silver nanoparticles synthesised from neem leaves against E. coli where the inhibition zone of zero was obtained in the wells of 20µL and 50 µL of silver nanoparticles and a zone of 16.33 mm was observed in wells with 100 µL of silver nanoparticles. ...
Silver nanoparticles are gaining importance on account of its antimicrobial properties and low toxicity to humans. The present study was conducted to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from aqueous extract of neem leaves. The phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of neem leaves was also performed for determining its active principles. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed that the aqueous extract of neem leaves contained phytochemicals like steroids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids. The AgNPs synthesised were characterised using X-ray diffraction analysis which revealed that synthesised AgNPs were face centred, cubic and crystalline in nature and the sample contained silver nanoparticles in a high concentration. The antibacterial activity of the green AgNPs against E. coli isolates including the reference strain was tested and observed that the AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity though a significant zone of inhibition was not obtained. Based on the results obtained, it could be concluded that silver nanoparticles could be efficiently synthesised from neem leaves and could be utilised in various fields especially in nanotechnology.
... The ABTs free radical cation decolorization test was used to assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of biosynthesized AgNPs derived from A. indica and A. barbadensis leaf extract [20]. ...
... The SEM images gave a clear indication about the morphological evidence regarding the A. indica and A. barbadensis coated Ag NPs (Fig. 6). The observations of the present study for neem mediated Ag NPs were in accordance with earlier reports 17,20 in contrast to other [16], who reported as triangular shape. It is evident by scanning electron microscopic analysis, the morphology of 2, 3 DHS coated Ag NPs was predominately polydispersed and The synthesized silver NPs are characterized and it is very essential to study the biological activity of these particles to exploit commercially for pharmaceutical applications. ...
The use of plant extracts in the sustainable production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained significant recognition owing to its cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and few adverse effects on living organisms. The present study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the combination of plant extracts from Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Aloe flava Pers (Aleo Vera). Silver nanoparticles were synthesized utilizing a simple and environmentally friendly method, which involved the use of aqueous leaf extracts from Azadirachta indica and Aloe flava Pers. The synthesized nanoparticles underwent characterization utilizing several techniques, such as the UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The measurement of in vitro anti-inflammatory effects involved the inhibition of albumin denaturation, whereas the assessment of in vitro antioxidant activity utilised the ABTS free radical scavenging test, DPPH assay, and potassium ferricyanide reducing power assay technique. The targets of the in-vitro antimicrobial trials were Bacillus cereus, Actinomycetes Israeli, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. These experiments were conducted at various concentrations. The results indicated that the combination of aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica and Aloe flava Pers with biosynthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) serves as effective stabilising agents. The findings of our study demonstrate the efficacy of phytomediated silver ions as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant agents in an in vitro setting.
... This was confirmed that there is completion of reaction between plant leaf extract and silver nitrate. Similar findings were recorded by Shukla et.al, 2010;Namratha N andMonica PV, 2013 andLalitha et.al, 2013. The UV-visible spectra recorded after time intervals of 15min, 30min, 60min and 24hrs of reaction time. ...
... This was confirmed that there is completion of reaction between plant leaf extract and silver nitrate. Similar findings were recorded by Shukla et.al, 2010;Namratha N andMonica PV, 2013 andLalitha et.al, 2013. The UV-visible spectra recorded after time intervals of 15min, 30min, 60min and 24hrs of reaction time. ...
In present investigation allelopathic effect of two Cassia species namely Cassia obtusifolia
and C. uniflora on jowar seeds were studied. Effect of leaf and root extract of Cassia
species studied on seed germination, seedling growth and biomass of jowar seeds. Leaf
and root extract showed inhibitory effect on seed germination, seedling growth and fresh
weight and dry weight of jowar seedlings. Significant inhibition of seed germination was
observed only after 24h in C. obtusifolia leaf (28.64% and 18.17%) and root extracts
(34.50%) at both concentrations and in leaf extract of C. uniflora at higher concentration
having percent inhibition 62.27%. Leaf extract of C. obtusifolia at both lower as well as
higher concentrations was significantly inhibitory to root length, shoot and total seedling
length. Significant inhibition of shoot length of jowar was also observed due to root extract
of C. uniflora at both higher and lower concentrations. Fresh weights of seedlings were
decreased as compared to control due to leaf extract of C. obtusifolia at lower
concentration and root at both concentrations of C. obtusifolia.
... The optimization process produced absorption peaks for the b-AgNPs at a range between 340 and 450 nm and confirms the formation of the nanoparticles, which is consistent with the findings of Alyousef et al. (2019), Sanchooli et al. (2018) and Masum et al. (2019). Namratha and Monica (2013) reported the range of the peaks that indicate the formation of nanoparticles to be observed between 350 and 550 nm. The various botanicals required varying amounts of the leaf extract as well as incubation periods to achieve the optimum formation of the b-AgNPs. ...
... Their nano-scale size, morphological substructure and shape are of great importance as they give the AgNPs the physicochemical properties that suit them for their multiple applications (Chouhan, 2018;Khatoon et al., 2017). The size and shape of the A. indica AgNPs were shown to be consistent with the sizes that are documented by Firdhouse and Lalitha (2015), Khatoon et al. (2017) and Namratha and Monica (2013) (Table 1). The synthesis and characterisation of AgNPs made from other botanicals had not been documented before this study. ...
... Microscopic scale is 50 to 5000 times greater than the nanometer scale. 12 Metal nanoparticles have been shown their tremendous applications as antimicrobial agents and also play a vital role against various types of pathogenic viruses. So, nanomaterial provides a plate form for the invention of these antimicrobial reagents. ...
... After that interval the broth was centrifuged at 10,000 r/min for 10 minutes. OD was measured at different time intervals (6,12,18,24,30,36,42,48,54, 60 and 72 hours). Growth curves of E coli exposed and unexposed to MLE-AgNPs were evaluated by the absorbing value of OD 600 . ...
Background
In the field of nanotechnology, the metallic nanoparticles are of remarkable interest because of their unique electronic, magnetic, chemical, and mechanical properties.
Purpose
In the present work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using bio-reduction method.
Research Design
Silver nitrate was used as metallic precursor and the extract of Moringa oleifera leaves with different concentrations was used as reducing as well capping agent. The extract exhibited strong potential in rapid reduction of silver ions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.
Results
The absorption SPR peaks appeared in the range of 415 to 439 nm. SEM analysis exhibited that particles were spherical in shape with size distribution range from 10 nm to 25 nm. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were pure crystalline in nature as confirmed by the XRD spectra with average crystallite size 7 nm. In vitro antibacterial activity of the prepared silver nanoparticles colloidal samples as well the extract was studied using different concentrations of AgNPs (C1 = 100 μg/ml, C2 = 50 μg/ml, C3 = 25 μg/ml) by well diffusion method against Gram negative Escherichia coli. The antibacterial performance was assessed by measuring the zone of inhibition (ZOI).
Conclusions
The results suggested that AgNPs prepared by green approach can be considered as an alternative antibacterial agent.
... Among the flavonoids, quercetin (molecular formula C 15 H 10 O 7 ) is a polyphenolic compound found in medicinal plants such as Azadirachta indica, Phyllanthus niruri, and Achyranthes aspera. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In Ayurveda, the utilization of medicinal plants as therapeutic agents is being practiced since ancient times. The traditional use of A. indica, P. niruri, and A. aspera leaves is to treat many chronic diseases especially skin-related ones like tetanus, urticaria, eczema, scrofula, erysipelas, early stages of leprosy, skin cancer, and other types of infections. ...
... Once such candidate metabolites are identified towards the fabrication of intended nanoparticles, then plant tissue culture and/or downstream processing procedures are applied for the industrial production of nanoparticles. [5][6][7][8][9][10][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The present investigation is an effort in this direction which is truly an eco-friendly bionanotechnology approach. Accordingly, this work reports the phytosynthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (abbreviated hereafter as ZnO NPs) with the help of A. indica, P. niruri, as well as A. aspera and cytotoxicity assay against Nano Progress Nano Prog., (2020) 2(4), 53-57. ...
... The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by change in colour from pale green to dark brown. Similar result was observed by (Namratha and Monica 2013;Kumar et al., 2014). The synthesis of silver nanoparticles of various shapes, primarily spherical, was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures. ...
... The outcomes of the continuous survey were similar to the previously reported studies. [13][14][15][16] Followed with the anticancer survey was performed by the well-established procedure called MTT assessment, in which the HeLa cancer cell was used to certify the development and the audit showed the degree of cell downfall happened segment restrictively, the results of cancer cells (e.g., HeLa) are more indulgent in terrible charge than that of common cells. Thus, the ability to attract Ag+ particles by the layers of cancer cells is one of the factors that perhaps impact the practicality of nanoparticles in the disguise of cancer cells. ...
Silver nanoparticles were combined with Ocimum Tenuiflorum L. green and purple (Krishna Tulasi) assortments using a single advance that was eco-friendly. Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform Infra-red, X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscope was used to describe the particle nature of integrated AgNps (EDX). A variety of modifications confirmed the nanoparticle arrangement and UV-Visible spectroscopy was used to quantify the Surface Plasmon retention band. In the FTIR, the presence of the aromatic ring's C-H vibration is comparable to the presence of flavonoids and carbonyl gathering in the CO stretch vibration. The inserted silver nanoparticles can clearly be seen under an SEM microscope, and the particles are estimated to be between l and 100 nm in size. The Energy Dispersive X-ray spectra demonstrate the nanomaterial's quality. Union is traditional and viewed as proficient as far as response time as well as practicality. The combined nanoparticles were exposed to Anti-microbial and Anti proliferative investigations by in-vitro strategies and showed a portion of the subordinate movement against specific microbes and cancer cells.
... Nanostructure integration has gained support in environmental science, particularly for uses in water purification (Kunduru et al. 2017;Savage and Diallo 2005;Tlili and Abdullah Alkanhal 2019). As an illustration of the promising potential of nanotechnology in addressing environmental challenges, the use of silver nanoparticles has demonstrated effectiveness in removing pollutants from water (Dankovich 2014;Gadkari et al. 2018;Namratha and Monica 2013). The incorporation of nanostructures into drug delivery systems has also contributed significantly to the advancement of medicine (de Vries, Zhang, and Herrmann 2013). ...
This study introduces an approach to analyze torsional vibration in non-circular nanowires within magnetic fields, considering various boundary conditions on an elastic foundation. Analytical formulas for natural angular frequencies are obtained using nonlocal strain gradient theory. The analysis covers three non-circular cross-sections, incorporating the warping effect. Elastic springs at the wire ends simulate support conditions, restricting rotation around the wire’s axis. The torsion function around the axis is represented by a Fourier series, discretized at the spring points and linked using the Stokes’ transform alongside the boundary values. This leads to an eigenvalue problem that includes higher-order material size parameters (strain gradient, nonlocal), spring parameters, and the warping function. The study’s novelty lies in effectively solving torsional vibration for non-circular sections, addressing warping function, elastic medium, and size effects under both deformable and non-deformable boundary conditions. The presented solution is capable of determining vibration frequencies for both rigid and deformable boundary conditions. This is accomplished by specifying the torsional spring stiffness values, thereby obviating the necessity for additional recalculations. In order to verify the obtained results and compare them with the existing literature, nanowires with free and clamped boundary conditions are solved numerically by changing the spring parameters in the eigenvalue problem. In the formulation of natural angular frequency; length scale parameters, warping, magnetic field, elastic medium effects are included. In addition, since the support conditions are modeled with elastic springs, the resulting formulas are quite general and can be used to solve different types of torsional vibration problems.
... 6 The phytochemicals present in neem, such as avonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, are responsible for the reduction process and stabilizing the resulting silver nanoparticles. 7,8 Apart from silver nanoparticles, neem has also been utilized in synthesizing other nanoparticles, including gold, 9 zinc oxide, 10 titanium dioxide, 11 zero-valent iron, 12 magnesium oxide, 13 iron oxide, 14 silicon oxide, 15 and copper. 16 The unique composition of neem extracts allows successful reduction and stabilization of these nanoparticles, making neem an attractive and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemicals. ...
The sustainable utilization of biomass has attracted great interest worldwide. A remarkably brand-new, environmentally friendly technique is created to prepare fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). This study used neem resin as a hydrothermal precursor to synthesize neem resin-derived CDs (NR-CDs). Electron microscopy- and spectroscopy-related techniques were used to characterize these NR-CDs. These NR-CDs exhibited a fluorescence peak at 420 nm with a quantum yield of 21%, allowing them for sensitive detection of Fe²⁺ ions with a corresponding limit of detection as low as 14 nM. The as-synthesised NR-CD fluorescent probe was applied to determine Fe²⁺ in real samples of drinking, river, and tap water, highlighting its practical applications. Additionally, these NR-CDs were utilized as a photocatalyst to degrade Rhodamine B, Fast Green, and Naphthol Yellow dyes in industrial wastewater in the presence of NaBH4 as a surface defect modifier. Under exposure to visible light, NR-CDs were highly efficient for degrading Rhodamine B, Fast Green, and Naphthol Yellow, with degradation rates of 93.13%, 93.01%, and 91.29%, respectively. The proposed mechanism outlines a multi-step process for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes by using the NR-CDs; further this study demonstrates the multifaceted utility of NR-RCDs in diverse applications, from ion detection in environmental samples to bio-imaging and efficient catalytic degradation of various dyes.
... Neem plant-facilitated AgNPs have shown antimicrobial activity against different microbes. Various studies have been reported on the effectiveness of neem plant-mediated AgNPs against pathogens as shown in Table 2 ( Gavhane et al., 2012;Sharma et al., 2013;Vijayameena and Kavitha, 2013;Namratha and Monica, 2013;Laltha et al., 2013;Banerjee et al., 2014;Gujral, 2014;Chinnasamy et al., 2021, Ghazali et al., 2021Zanjage and Khan, 2021;Alrasheid et al., 2020). Ghazali et al. (2021) The antimicrobial mechanism of AgNPs is debated and still under investigation. ...
The increasing propensity of microbial infection and increase in occurrence of pathogens resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents necessitate the quest to develop alternative antimicrobial agents. In this regard, nanoparticles technology has shown enormous potential. Research advances in the field of nanotechnology recently come with the fabrication of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) with prominent antimicrobial action against multiple-resistant pathogens. Recently, the biological synthesis of MNPs using plant based products has garnered much attention because of its competitive benefits including: eco-friendliness, single step processing, benign, non-toxicity, and cost effectiveness. The different bioactive compounds present in the various parts of plant are responsible for the reduction of metallic ions to MNPs and the subsequent capping of the formed particles. Among all the MNPs, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most promising nano-product widely used in nanomedicine. The present review describes neem plant facilitated synthesis of silver nanoparticles, characterisation and its antimicrobial activity.
... With a constant decrease in dye concentration, the UV spectra showed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band for VWE-AgNPs at 420 nm ( Figure 6). Te reported MB dye degradation is 84% in 16 h and 92% and 95% in 72 h of radiation exposure [48][49][50][51]. Te percentage photocatalytic degradation efciency of fabricated VWE-AgNPs was increased with radiation exposure time ( Figure 7) and was calculated to be 87.7% at 3 hr 15 min (Table 3). ...
Bacteria develop resistance against antimicrobial drugs, and new remediations are constantly being introduced in the market. Silver and its compounds have strong resistance against different bacteria. The vegetable waste extract-synthesized silver nanoparticles (VWE-AgNPs) have distinct properties and potential applications because of their unique size and morphology. The fundamental purpose of this study was to develop an environment-friendly method for the synthesis of VWE-AgNPs to avoid the use of hazardous chemicals that cause danger to the environment as well as recycling vegetable waste material. The VWE-AgNPs were synthesized by mixing 1 mM AgNO3 solution and VWE at room temperature. The VWE-AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The synthesized particles showed good antibacterial properties against poultry bacteria Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella enteritidis (growth reduction of 31 mm and 18 mm at 80 mg/mL AgNPs, respectively). The results demonstrated that VWE-AgNPs inhibited the growth of tested bacterial strains. The fabricated VWE-AgNPs also had the potential to act as a green photocatalyst for degradation of 87.7% of methylene blue (MB) and 90.76% of methyl orange (MO) nearly at 3.25 h and 1 h sunlight exposure time, respectively. The highest antifungal activity, which was determined to be 36.5 mm and 31.8 mm against Alternata sp. and C. albican, was discovered to be in VWE-AgNPs.
... Leaves extracts of S. alba mixed in AgNO 3 (aq) solution, the color of the mixture changes from pale yellow to dark brown signifying the reduction of AgNO 3 into AgNPs. Similar changes were also reported in previous studies [15] to confirm the reaction of extract and AgNO 3 . UV-Vis spectra of an optimized sample are displayed in Figure 2. Absorption spectra of AgNPs developed from the reaction mixture have maxima between 400-450 nm. ...
To overcome the recent hassles of hydrogels like toxicity, low swelling, and less antibacterial activity, we
developed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) loaded hydrogel and tested its activity against Escherichia coli. Encapsulation
of AgNPs into the hydrogel confirms after having peaks at 1,320 cm-1, ~1,700 cm-1, ~3,000 cm-1 and 770 cm-1. The
nanoparticles’ size range was 10-15 nm and they were distributed throughout the hydrogel with unreacted plant extract.
The highest inhibition zone of nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel was 15 nm, at 25 °C, pH 4.4 and the lowest was 7 nm at
37 °C, pH 9.4. Results encourage the use of developed hydrogel for biomedical applications.
... Neem is well known as antiinflammatory, antiarthritic, antipyretic, hypoglycaemic, antigastric ulcer, antifungal, antibacterial and antitumor activities and a review summarizes the various therapeutic role of neem. [25][26] The possibility of using medicinal plants that is cost effective, safe and easily available is increasing. In the present work, aqueous extracts of three medicinal plants Moringa oleifera (sahjan), Ocimum sanctum (tulsi)and Azadirachta indica (neem) were undertaken to study the ameliorating effects on impurities of water as well as on the intensity of microbes found in Ganga water taking as raw sample. ...
... To overcome these problems, researchers focused on preparing magnetic NPs that can be separated by using an external magnet and utilizing solar light effectively. The NPs made up of Au (Ayati et al., 2011;Liu et al., 2016;Oros-Ruiz et al., 2011), Ag (Mo et al., 2015;Namratha et al., 2013;Xiong et al., 2011), Fe 2 O 3 (Jiang et al., 2013;Roushenas et al., 2016), Fe (Kozma et al., 2016;Zelmanov & Semiat, 2015), Ni(OH) 2 (El Hassani et al., 2019;Jayakumar et al., 2017;Nagajyothi et al., 2019;Yousefi et al., 2016), SiO 2 (Qin et al., 2018), SnO (Bhattacharjee et al., 2016;Elango et al., 2015Elango et al., , 2016Kumar et al., 2018), TiO 2 (Barbosa et al., 2015;Raliya et al., 2017;Sahoo et al., 2012), ZnS (Yang et al., 2015), ZrO 2 (Bansal et al., 2015), CuO (Katwal et al., 2015;Mehr et al., 2018), CoFe 2 O 4 (Kalam et al., 2018;Sundararajan et al., 2017), anatase (TiO 2 ) n (Gautam et al., 2016), and CdS (Darwish et al., 2016) are commonly used for water treatment. Among the salts of transition metals, Cr 2 O 3 NPs show better results in the photocatalytic activity of dyes and pigments. ...
The environment has undergone significant change because of technological advancement. Industries are releasing pollutants directly into the environment. Water pollution is a growing issue for humanity. Methods for managing wastewater generated by biological and industrial wastes are being developed. Textile industries are risking the health of living beings by contaminating water with dyes. Azo dyes are the major constituent of wastewater from textile industries. This review article focuses on the photodegradation of Congo red, the most prominent Azo dye. For Congo red degradation, both biological (via microorganisms) and chemical (via nanoparticles) methods are being investigated. The biological method primarily employs bacterial and fungal species. Bacterial species such as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Staphylococcus lentus sp. efficiently degrade Congo red dye. The presence of functional groups on the cell wall of fungi, such as phosphates and hydroxyl, promotes efficient dye degradation. The use of nanoparticles for photodegradation of dyes is preferable because it does not result in polycyclic compounds after degradation. Many bimetallic catalysts, such as ZnO and TiO2, have shown promising photocatalytic properties due to their large band gap. The use of nanoparticles that can be easily separated after photodegradation is preferred. As Gd³⁺ doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles have higher removed capabilities than undoped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, doping improves the degrading capability of nanocatalysts.
Graphical Abstract
... The maximum absorbance was noted with a ratio of 1 : 12 of plant extract and silver nitrate solution indicated by the uppermost orange line, which is the optimum ratio peak, while the other lines show minimum absorbance specified for nanoparticles larger in size than the orange line. Namratha and Monica [18] studied that variation in the absorption peaks of the synthesized silver nanoparticles might be the difference in the morphology of the nanoparticle. Analysis of silver nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy white patches as shown in Figure 2 indicates silver nanoparticles' formation using Z. nummularia fruit extract. ...
Nanoparticles are extensively used in biomedical and biotechnological research. Their large surface area, excellent physical properties, high permeability, and retention effect make them ideal for biomedical applications including diagnosis and treatment. Silver nanoparticles proved to be the safest for therapeutic uses. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using various ratios of Ziziphus nummularia fruit extract and silver nitrate solution. The nanoparticles were investigated for hair growth and antibacterial and antifungal activities. Characterization of AgNPs was done by using UV-spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimeter (TG), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and master sizer. UV-spectrophotometer results showed the best ratio 10 : 10 of Z. nummularia fruit aqueous extract to silver solution for nanoparticle production at 400 to 430 nm wavelength. The size of AgNPs was 40 nm as measured by SEM. Characterization of AgNPs through EDX resulted in a silver peak at 3 keV. In contrast, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) spectra show that the AgNPs are stable up to 160°C. The XED spectra gave 12 nm size of crystallite at 2 theta degree angle. FTIR bands for the metal oxides were recorded at 665 cm-1. Weight loss of the prepared nanoparticles was observed due to moisture loss when subjected to TGA, whereas particle size distribution 0.1 μm to 0.17 μm was recorded by the master seizer. The Z. nummularia fruit aqueous extract-mediated AgNPs were noted highly effective against Gram-positive bacteria compared to ethanolic, methanolic, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Z. nummularia fruit. The Gram-negative bacteria fungal species showed less sensitivity to AgNPs. The hair growth activity was observed to be higher for AgNPs followed by minoxidil than ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Z. nummularia fruit. These findings have concluded that Z. nummularia-AgNPs have an effective hair growth activity and exhibit several applications in distinctive biomedical and pharmaceutical industries.
... After 24 h of the conversion process, AgNPs displayed a yellow-brown (for aqueous extract) or deep yellow (for the organic extract) color, suggesting the formation of AgNPs in the reaction mixture solution. These results are consistent with previous studies [18,24,25]. In the current study, the creation of AgNPs was also verified using a UV/Vis spectrophotometer at wavelengths between 300 and 700 nm. ...
Antibiotic resistance rate is rising worldwide. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are potent
for fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR), independently or synergistically. The purpose of this study was to prepare AgNPs using wild ginger extracts and to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of these AgNPs against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis. AgNPs were synthesized using wild ginger extracts at room temperature through different parameters for optimization, i.e., pH and variable molar concentration. Synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV/visible spectroscopy and further characterized by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDXA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Disc and agar well diffusion techniques were utilized to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of plant extracts and AgNPs. The surface plasmon resonance peaks in absorption spectra for silver suspension showed the absorption maxima in the range of 400–420 nm. Functional biomolecules such as N–H, C–H, O–H, C–O, and C–O–C were present in Zingiber zerumbet (Z. zerumbet) (aqueous and organic extracts) responsible for the AgNP
formation characterized by FTIR. The crystalline structure of ZZAE-AgCl-NPs and ZZEE-AgCl-NPs was displayed in the XRD analysis. SEM analysis revealed the surface morphology. The EDXA analysis also confirmed the element of silver. It was revealed that AgNPs were seemingly spherical in morphology. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited complete antibacterial activity against the tested MDR bacterial strains. This study indicates that AgNPs of wild ginger extracts exhibit potent antibacterial activity against MDR bacterial strains.
... [31]) causes this color change. Similar results have been reported in previous studies [32][33][34][35][36], indicating that the reaction between extracts and AgNO 3 is complete. After 24 h, there were no more color changes, indicating that the reduction process was complete. ...
In the current investigation, silver/gold nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using two methods: chemical and biological, and then characterized colloidal solutions of both NPs using UV-Vis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential analyzers, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) as well as the ToxTrak test for in vitro toxicity and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). The plasmon peak of chemical synthesized silver NPs (CH-AgNPs) and gold NPs (CH-AuNPs) was observed at 414 and 530 nm, respectively, while the sharp plasmon peak of biological synthesized silver NPs (Bio-AgNPs) and gold NPs (Bio-AuNPs) was observed at 410 and 525 nm. Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the average sizes of CH-AgNPs and CH-AuNPs were 50.56 and 25.98 nm, respectively. Bio-AgNPs and Bio-AuNPs, on the other hand, had average sizes of 25.25 and 16.65 nm, respectively. The stability of NPs was also investigated using the zeta potential. The crystalline structure of AgNPs was confirmed through XRD, and EDX results confirm the element compositions. In the ToxTrak test, the toxic effect value/percentage inhibition (TEV/PI) was calculated. The results showed that CH-AgNPs have the highest TEV/PI value (85.45% for B. subtilis and 83.77% for E. coli) when compared to Bio-AgNPs (55.75% for B. subtilis and 54.42% for E. coli). CH-AuNPs, on the other hand, were 33.51% toxic to B. subtilis and 36.85% toxic to E. coli, compared to Bio-AuNPs, which were 23.36% toxic to B. subtilis and 24.46% toxic to E. coli. The antibacterial activity of Ag/Au NPs was tested and monitored; zone of inhibition (mm in diameter) against B. subtilis and E. coli, with the following pattern emerging: CH-AgNPs (24.80) had the highest antibacterial activity followed by Bio-AgNPs (22.80)
... They were also used to protect from silver vessel [194,195]. Silver nanoparticle extracted from A. indica shows antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and Bacillus [196,197]. Plant extracted SnO 2 nanoparticles show significant antimicrobial activities. The pants for synthesizing nanoparticles are Aloe vera, C. collinus, Punica granatum, S. rebaudiana, Trigonelle foenumgraecum and Aloe vera [198][199][200][201][202][203]. ...
Natural sources have been being used against different diseases from the ancient time. In this modern era the necessity of these sources is not negligible. They can be synthesized and characterized depending upon the human needs. Nanoparticles derived from these sources have the potentiality against the viruses. This paper reviews the synthesis of nanoparticles from plant for possible anti-microbial activities. Different types of characterization processes had been discussed. Then the properties of nanoparticles had been described and classified in function of their applications.Antimicrobial activities of plant extracted nanoparticles with their applications have been discussed briefly. Some challenges have been discussed on relation to the process optimization and properties improvement.
... Various types of techniques are used for the synthesis of nanoparticles via plant extracts as represented in Fig. 2. These techniques are cost-effective, eco-friendly and avoid complex procedures [65][66][67][68][69][70]. Recently researchers have widely investigated the metal nanoparticles obtained from plants extract that have proven to be not only biocompatible but are also nontoxic. ...
In this review, we summarised the different methods for copper nanoparticle synthesis, including green methods. We highlighted that the synthesis of the copper nanoparticles from green sources is preferable as they serve as stable and reducing entities. Furthermore, we critically reviewed the effectiveness of copper-based nanoparticles in oncogenic treatments emphasizing breast, lung, colorectal, and skin cancers. Finally, we have summarised the recent progress made in copper-based nanoparticles and their applications to amplify and rectify present cancer treatment options. The synthesis, characterization, stabilization, and functionalization techniques of various copper-based nanoparticles have also been highlighted in each section. In conclusion, the review provides the outlook of copper nanoparticles in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
... Various types of techniques are used for the synthesis of nanoparticles via plant extracts as represented in Fig. 2. These techniques are cost-effective, eco-friendly and avoid complex procedures [65][66][67][68][69][70]. Recently researchers have widely investigated the metal nanoparticles obtained from plants extract that have proven to be not only biocompatible but are also nontoxic. ...
Currently green synthesis of nanoparticles has attained much interest because of their safe nature, environmentally benign, ease in manufacturing, and low production cost. It is a reliable process for developing a wide array of nanostructures such as metal salts from plants/fungal/bacterial extract and hybrid materials. Green synthesis of nanoparticles provided promising and sustainable alternative approach to conventional synthesis approaches. Recent studies demonstrated that nanoparticles are highly promising for antiviral and antimicrobial properties. Here in, the advancement in green synthesis of nanoparticles using natural compounds such as plant extracts, fruit juices and other relevant sources have been highlighted. A deep insight into antiviral and antimicrobial activities of these nanoparticles provided. These nanoparticles offer diverse opportunity to counter life threating viral and other antimicrobial infections. This review offers understanding of the recent data that provide the readers various strategies to design and develop advance nanomaterials via greener approach. Current challenges, critical overview and future outlook of the green synthesis of nanoparticles and possibilities of their effective and exotic exploration for antimicrobial and antiviral applications are summarized.
... Due to presence of several potential phytocompounds in Limonia acidissima different parts controllable stable, uniform size silver nanoparticles were easily produced under mild conditions. In future, more studies on the anti-cancer and anti-HIV activity of silver nanoparticles colloidal suspension, in addition with both theoretical and experimental investigation of other nanoparticles will be conducted [71][72][73] . ...
Nanotechnology are often described as the manipulation of materials by certain conventional and/or natural processes so as to get materials with some specifications which will be utilized in various applications including the fields of drugs, chemistry, climate, electricity, agriculture, information, communication, heavy industry, and commodity. In recent years, the event of efficient green chemistry methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles has become a serious focus of research to having several strong benefits of biological synthesis protocols over traditionally used physical and chemical methods. They need investigated so as to seek out an eco-friendly technique for production of well-characterized nanoparticles. Among these plants seem to be the simplest candidates and that they are suitable for large-scale biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Nano-conjugates which are developed by green origin are more consistent, stable and therefore the rate of synthesis is quicker than within the case of microorganisms. Moreover, the nanoparticles are more various in shape and size as compared with those produced by other organisms. During this review, role of six different ethnomedicinally important plants: Phyllanthus amarus, Acalypha indica, Mentha spicata, Limonia acidissima, Centella asiatica, Murraya koenigii within the synthesis of metal nano-conjugates has been discussed. The prosperity of employing such plants and plant-derived compounds for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles make the researchers to find accurate yet nontoxic safe research mechanisms of metal ions uptake and thereafter their bio reduction by plants, and to know the possible mechanism of nano-conjugates synthesis.
... It is well known that any type of plant extracts mixed with silver nitrate we can observe the colour changes which indicates the development of AgNPs. Most of the literature reported the reaction between AgNO 3 and plant extract [49,50]. AgNPs have electron density around them, which gives rise to SPR absorption band, due to the combined vibration of AgNPs in resonance with the light wave. ...
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis was formulated by the green method using Nymphae odorata plant extract as reducing and capping agent. Plants offer a good platform for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) which can act as a non-toxic, natural capping/reducing agent and can convert Ag+ to Ag0. The 5 min reduction time (the extract contains a lot of reduction agents, which leads to quick synthesis and such can be a great advantage) is a best experimental condition for the effective biological synthesis of AgNPs. Sodium alginate films were doped by these NPs. The antimicrobial study of AgNPs and doped films were examined by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. As a result, at very low concentration of about 25 µl of AgNPs was found to inhibit the entire bacterial strains studied and films also showed a similar result. The results confirmed the effectiveness of prepared AgNPs and films as an antibacterial agent. Hence, it can be used for nano-biotechnology, biomedical and industrial applications.
... Antibacterial activity of silver NPs was reported previously. Recently, Namratha (2013) reported antibacterial efficacy of silver NPs against various pathogenic bacteria. The synthesized NPs were highly active against Shigella dysentriae and the zone of inhibition was 21 mm, whereas 20 mm zone of inhibition was observed against multi drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ...
The present study aimed in green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the leaves of Cleistanthus collinus. The NPs showed various absorption peaks between 3402 cm−1 and 1063 cm−1. FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of OH group, alkene, aromatic hydrocarbon, aliphatic fluro compound and aliphatic chloro compounds. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed the particle size ranged from 30 to 50 nm. The biosynthesized NPs have potent activity against Shigella dysentriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and the zone of inhibition was 21 ± 1, 20 ± 2, 16 ± 2 mm, respectively. Toxicity of the synthesized NPs was tested on green gram (Vigna radiata) seed at various concentrations (20–100%) and germination was induced by NPs treated seeds. Shoot length and root length was higher in NPs treated plant than control plant (p
... This mainly lies within the differences in the cell walls. Gram-negative bacteria are known to have a thinner but rather more complex cell wall, surrounded by an external membrane, which contains molecules or complexes that are able to protect from toxic substances from the surroundings [25,26]. However, there are contradicting studies showing the effectiveness of AgNPs toward the other Gram-negative bacteria [27][28][29]. ...
The antimicrobial activity of fibrous membranes with electrospun polylactide (PLA)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) depends on the accessibility of the AgNPs, among other factors. The challenge is therefore to develop a suitable method for loading the AgNPs onto the fibers. In this study, different techniques for determining the efficacy of the membranes in rendering AgNPs available for antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are evaluated. Immersion coating, electrospray-coating, and in-situ loading techniques were used to load AgNPs onto hierarchical electrospun PLA fibers, and their antibacterial effect was evaluated based on a qualitative disc diffusion method. The reduction of AgNO3 (Ag⁺) to AgNPs was carried out through the use of UV irradiation and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts. The membranes were coated using an electrospray technique resulted in the best antibacterial activity owing to the uniform dispersion of the AgNPs. The AgNPs were also exposed on the surface of the membranes, as confirmed using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes. An electrospray is, therefore, a promising technique for the preparation of antimicrobial nanofibrous membranes.
... The synthesis of AgNPs was performed with few changes in the working procedures of Rather [15] and Saini [16]. Briefly, the filtered A. andraeanum plant extract was used for the synthesis of AgNPs by adding 5 mL (1 mg/mL) to 95 mL of 1 mM of AgNO 3 in an aqueous solution at 25°C. ...
Today, nanoparticles are effectively used in different areas. Initially, physical and chemical methods were used in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Biosynthesis (green synthesis) has emerged as an alternative to overcome the toxic effects of chemically synthesized nanoparticles. In this study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the leaf extract of Anthurium andraeanum was performed. UV-Vis spectrophotometry, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and XRD were applied to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. As a result of the characterization, the spectra showed that a spectrum at a wavelength of about 419 nm and a spherical size of 38 nm nanoparticles was formed. Antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activities of AgNPs against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were determined. AgNPs at a concentration of 1 mg/mL showed antibacterial activity against all of the bacterial strains. In the antibiofilm activity study, the highest inhibition percentage was obtained against the P. fluorescens strain at 87.1%, at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL.
... Further detailed studies will lead toward application of these nanoparticles in prevention and control of epidemics. Polyurethane foams were coated with silver nanoparticles synthesized using Azadirachta indica leaves and the modified foams were observed to cause a decreased bacterial load (Namratha and Monica, 2013). Silver nanoparticles synthesized using Piliostigma thonningii leaf extracts were observed to be effective in reducing heavy metal load in simulated wastewater with no significant toxicity effect in experimental rats (Shittu and Ihebunna, 2017). ...
... Further detailed studies will lead toward application of these nanoparticles in prevention and control of epidemics. Polyurethane foams were coated with silver nanoparticles synthesized using Azadirachta indica leaves and the modified foams were observed to cause a decreased bacterial load (Namratha and Monica, 2013). Silver nanoparticles synthesized using Piliostigma thonningii leaf extracts were observed to be effective in reducing heavy metal load in simulated wastewater with no significant toxicity effect in experimental rats (Shittu and Ihebunna, 2017). ...
... This was followed by P. aeruginosa with 66.6%, 71.4% and 78.5% and E. coli with 63.1%, 71% and 78.9% at given concentrations. These results agreed with the earlier reports on the susceptibility patterns [44]. On the other hand, the susceptibility pattern varied with Gram-positive bacterium viz. ...
The bacterial communities (Gram-negative and
Gram-positive) form the biofilms which oppose the mode
of action of antibiotics and affecting the immune system of
the human. These chronic infections related to biofilm are
always hard to be cured because of their inherent resistance
to both antimicrobial agents and host defense. The present
study is devoted to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf
and Plum fruit (Prunus bokharensis) and its inhibitory effect
on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi. Here, AgNPs) were successfully
prepared by green synthesis method obtained by
the reduction of silver nitrate into silver ions. The synthesized
AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis Spectroscopy,
XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDAX and DLS analysis. The antimicrobial
effects of the two extract were evaluated by the disk
diffusion method. The green synthesized AgNPs exhibited
good antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and
... Absorbance at 0.556 around 431.6nm wavelength has been reported for silver [20]. The maximum absorbance detected at 435.00nm on the spectrum of synthesized silver nanoparticle was in the range earlier reported for biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, 350-550nm [21][22][23][24]. ...
Green synthesis is an ecological system for the production of
eco-friendly and well characterized metallic nanoparticles using
plants. In this research work, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles
was from the extract of Annona muricata leaves. The characterization
of silver nanoparticles was done with Fourier Transform Infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis spectrometry and transmission
electron microscope to determine functional groups, shape, size
and morphology of synthesized nanoparticle. The anti-antimicrobial
potency of the synthesize nanoparticle was investigated via well
diffusion method. The UV spectrum of synthesized nanoparticle revealed
absorbance at 435.00nm which confirmed the formation of
silver nanoparticle. The FTIR analysis shows bands corresponding
to -OH, C=O and -NH2 nanoparticle are spherical shape of the functional
group. The micrograph obtained from TEM analysis confirmed
that the synthesized silver is spherical in shape. The antimicrobial
investigation of the silver nanoparticles shows good antibacterial activity
due to high zones of inhibition against test bacteria. This work
revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles possess great antimicrobial
potency.
... In this study, after 24 hours of the conversion process, silver nanoparticle showed reddish-brown color, suggesting the formation of silver nanoparticles in solution and, in fact, inhibition for Y. ruckeri at 10 mg/mL AgNPs, with 16 ± 0.5 mm, followed by L. monocytogenes (15.16 ± 0.57) and V. cholerae (13.16 ± 0.28). In a study, Kumarasamyraja and Jeganathan (2013) (20) showed that the maximum zone of inhibition at concentration confirmed the reaction between AgNO and V. of-of 300 μg/mL of Acalypha indica Ag-NPs, with avficinalis leaf extract, which is similar to previous studies (4,24,25). In the present study, the size of silver nanoparticles synthesized using V. officinalis extract was obtained to be 33-49 nm. ...
Background and Objectives
The use of plants for the synthesis of nanoparticles has received attention. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Verbena officinalis leaf extract against Yersinia ruckeri, Vibrio cholerae and Listeria monocytogenes.
Materials and Methods
Silver nanoparticles were obtained by reacting silver nitrate solution 2 mM and V. officinalis leaf extract. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). To determine minimum inhibitory concentration and test antibiogram of nanoparticle synthesized, broth micro dilution and agar well diffusion methods were used, respectively.
Results
The zones of bacterial inhibition were 16 ± 0.5 and 9.16 ± 0.28 mm against Y. ruckeri and L. monocytogenes using 10 and 0.62 mg/mL AgNPs, respectively. Among the studied bacterial species, silver nanoparticles were more effective on Y. ruckeri and L. monocytogenes and less effective on V. cholerae. The highest MIC and MBC of AgNPs (2.5 and 5 mg/mL) were observed for V. cholerae. The lowest MIC and MBC of AgNPs (0.32 and 0.62 mg/mL) were observed for Y. ruckeri, respectively. The MIC and MBC of AgNPs were found to be 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL for L. monocytogenes.
Conclusion
The results clearly indicated that V. officinalis AgNPs have potential antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
... Maximum antibacterial activity was exhibited by the AgNPs as indicated from the inhibition zones (Fig. 6). Results obtained in previous studies [16] also support the antibacterial potential of AgNPs. The zone of bacterial inhibition by AgNPs prepared from leaf extract showed that silver nanoparticles had inhibitory effect for both gram positive (4 mm) as well as gram negative bacteria (3mm). ...
Nanoparticle research is currently an area of intense scientific interest due to its wide variety of potential applications in various fields. The novel nanomaterials have been used widely for the treatment of wastewater, groundwater, surface water and other environmental products contaminated by toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic solutes. In the present investigation silver nanoparticles were synthesized from the aqueous leaf extract of Adenanthera pavonina through biological method. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by the visible colour change. The maximum absorption peak of 447 nm was obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopy. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemical compounds. Further characterization of AgNPs was done using SEM and EDX. The size of the hexagonal shaped silver nanoparticles was found to be 4- 6 nm. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles showed their potential in controlling bacteria effectively.
... 25 In a study, benzoquinones in plant extracts have also been reported as reducing agents which stimulate NP synthesis. 32 Moreover, the proteomes of plant extracts are also known to alter the physicochemical properties of NPs by forming weaker associations with the nascent crystals of ZnONPs that ultimately lead to the isotropic growth of ZnONPs. 33 Here, Fig. 1A shows the UV visible spectra of 0.1% (w/v) green synthesized ZnONPs and commercially available ZnONPs (Sigma Aldrich, USA) in an aqueous dispersion. ...
This study was aimed to fill the critical gap of knowledge regarding the interaction between green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and bacterial interface. Wurtzite phase ZnONPs with band gap energy of 3.28 eV were produced exploiting a simple and green biosynthesis method using inexpensive precursor of A. indica leaf extract and zinc nitrate. ZnONPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, DLS, TEM, and zeta-potential analysis. The primary size obtained was 26.3 nm (XRD) and 33.5±6.5 nm (TEM), whereas, secondary size was found as 287±5.2 nm with -32.8±1.8mV ζ-potential denoting physical colloid chemistry of ZnONPs. Crystallinity and spherical morphology of ZnONPs was also evident with some sort of particle agglomeration. ZnONPs retained plant functional groups endorsing their hydrophilic character. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of ZnONPs was significant (p≤0.05) and the MIC/MBC against most frequent clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 (MIC)/1.0 to 1.5 mg ml-1 (MBC). The dissolution of ZnONPs to Zn2+ ions in nutrient medium increased as a result of interaction with bacterial surface and metabolites. Substantial surface binding of ZnONPs followed by intracellular uptake, disrupted the cell morphology and caused obvious injury to cell membrane. Interrupted bacterial growth kinetics, loss of cell respiration, enhanced production of intracellular ROS, and leakage of cytoplasmic content unequivocally suggested strong interaction of ZnONPs with exterior cell surface and intracellular components, eventually lead to cell death and destruction of biofilms. Overall, the results elucidated eco-friendly production of ZnONPs expressing prominent interfacial correlation with bacteria and hence, prospecting the use of green ZnONPs as effective nanoantibiotics.
... According to Nair NC and Henry AN, Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), a meliaceae family tree, is a hardy evergreen tree commonly found in all parts of India [18]. The Azadirachta indica A. Juss plant contained for triterpenoids, steroid, flavonoids, nimbin, salannin, phenolic compounds, and also the plant leaf extracts higher the properties of NPs like antibacterial activity [20][21][22][23][24][25]. In case of neem leaves commonly used for much medicinal purpose and wildly handling for tooth brush. ...
This study employs a green, eco-friendly and convenient hydrothermal method for the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using medically beneficial Azadirachta indica A. Juss leaf extract as reducing as well as capping agent. Careful optimization of hydrothermal conditions leads to the formation of spherical Ag NPs of size 9–15 nm. Thus, synthesized NPs are characterized by spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, revealing the morphology and size the NPs. The chemical composition and functionality of the plant extract and NPs is studied using FTIR and EDS analysis. The photocatalytic activity of Ag NPs is demonstrated by decolourization of Rose Bengal under visible light. Ag NPs also show bactericidal activity against E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae.
Graphical abstract
Open image in new window
... Remarkable development in nanotechnology has opened a novel and very wide frontier of application that includes the synthesis of nanoscale material, exploration of their unique physical chemical and optoelectronic properties. Nanotechnology has gained tremendous importance in state of the art techniques for health care, food technology, cosmetics, environmental health, mechanics, optics, chemical industries, biomedical, electronics, space engineering, energy science, drug-gene delivery, optoelectronics, catalysis, light emitters, nonlinear optical devices, single electron transistors, and photo electrochemical applications etc [1][2][3][4]. Currently, silver nanotechnology, is becoming popular due to its above extensive applications and distinctive properties (e.g. ...
In the present study, environment friendly and cost effective silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the leaves extract of Mureira tree cultivated in Iraq as the reducing and capping agent. The nanoparticless were characterized using UV-visble, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM methods. The surface plasmon resonance peaks in absorption spectra for silver colloidal solution showed an absorption peak at 420 nm in a UV-visible spectrum. The functional biomolecules such as carboxyl groups present in the seaweed responsible for the silver nanoparticles formation were characterized by FT-IR. The XRD results suggested that the crystallization of the bio-organic phase occurs on the surface of the silver nanoparticles or vice versa. The broadening of peaks in the XRD patterns was attributed to particle size effects and the average particles size about 30 nm which was calculated by using the Dubai-Scherrer equation. The silver nanoparticles synthesized by the help of Mureira tree leaves extracts were scanned using SEM. It reveals that a silver nanoparticle seems to be spherical in morphology. The results shows that silver nanoparticles synthesized by Moreira leaves extract has effective antibacterial activities on the test isolates as indicated by the diameter of their zone of inhibition. The inhibition zone was 17 mm for Enterobacter cloacae, 18 mm for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, 16 mm for Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 15 mm for Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. The antimicrobial activity of Moreira leaves extract has lowest effect against tested isolates. The inhibition zone was 7 mm for Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus sp. and Streptococcus spp. 10 mm for Klebsiella pneumonia, and 8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus.The study revealed that the silver nanoparticles synthesis by using leaves extract of Mureira tree could be as a therapeutic agent for human microbial infections.
Background: Plants, herbs, and ethnobotanicals have been utilized for health promotion and disease treatment since the dawn of time and are still widely employed today. The immense demand and potential health advantages of herbal medicines balance out the enormous research demands. There is a need for research on the quality, safety, molecular effects, and therapeutic efficacy of the many common herbs. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study is to prepare Silver Nanoparticles using fruit extract of Sapindus Mukorossi by green synthesis technique, and to develop new derivatives of antibiotic due to high resistance from conventional antibiotics. Method: The Sapindus mukorossi fruit extract AgNPs was prepared by green synthesis technique. Formulation of silver nanoparticles using water/methanol reetha fruit extract was carried out by addition of fruit extract to a reaction mixture containing 1M AgNO3 and 0.625% ammonia solution and left for 48hrs in dark place with regular interval exposing to light. The prepared silver nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, FTIR and XRD studies. Result: The synthesized nanoparticles found to be spherical and crystalline in nature. The FTIR measurements identifies the functional groups attributed for silver ions reduction and AgNPs stabilization. The synthesized yield was 58.34%, 77.46%, 49.67% and 69.32% respectively. The methanol extract shows greater activity than Aqueous extract against E.coli and Streptococcus aureus. Conclusion: The Phyto-based drugs exhibit good medicinal properties with less side-effects as compare to synthetic based drugs. The reetha is known for its many properties such as foaming agent, antibacterial activity etc. The idea was to develop the new antibacterial drugs as the humans getting resistant to the antibacterial drugs. The antibacterial results show that the prepared AgNPs were effective in inhibiting growth of both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria, and hence they could be potential applications in bio-related field.
This study evaluated the efficacy of phytogenic silver and zinc nanoparticles in improving heat resilience in various wheat varieties. The silver and zinc nanoparticles were synthesized using plant leaf extract and characterized using various techniques. Four wheat varieties (DBW187, Black Wheat, DBW 50, and PBW 621) were subjected to field trials. The random block design was used, and nanoparticles in different concentrations were applied at various growth stages and morphologically, and yield parameters were recorded. UV-Vis spectroscopy spectral analysis showed peaks for Ag nanoparticles at 420 nm wavelength and Zn nanoparticles at 240 and 350 nm wavelength, depicting the preliminary confirmation of nanoparticle synthesis. Electron microscopic analysis (TEM and SEM) provided morphological insights and confirmed synthesis of fine-sized particle mostly in a range between 10 nm to 60 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles, with Ag and Zn elements detected in their respective samples. It also confirmed the oxide nature of synthesized ZnNPs. Dynamic light scattering analysis provided size distribution profiles, indicating average sizes of approximately 61.8 nm for Ag nanoparticles and 46.5 nm for Zn nanoparticles. The concentrations of Ag and Zn nanoparticles in the samples were found to be 196.3 ppm and 115.14 ppm, respectively, through atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed characteristic functional groups present in the nanoparticles. The results of field experiments established that Ag nanoparticles at 75 ppm concentration exhibited the most significant enhancements in plant growth. Conversely, Zn nanoparticles at a 100 ppm concentration demonstrated the most substantial improvements in the growth and yield of heat-stressed wheat varieties. The study concludes that optimized concentrations of silver and zinc nanoparticles can effectively improve heat stress resilience in wheat. These findings are promising to enhance abiotic stress resilience in crops.
In this paper, Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) were produced through a green approach that included the distinguished functionalities of ascorbic acid in the role of reducing agent, Xanthan Gum (XG) as the stabilizer, and sodium selenite salt as the source of selenium. The shape and structure of XG-SeNPs were characterized and determined by examining the outcomes of UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, and EDX analyses. The results of the FESEM analysis exhibited their spherical shape and average size range of 44–68 nm. Moreover, we evaluated the photocatalytic effects of XG-SeNPs for degrading methylene blue (MB) dye and observed their great potential as photocatalysts under UV light. The toxicity and biocompatibility of XG-SeNPs were also evaluated against the CT26 cell line via MTT test, and according to the outcomes, their IC50 reached up to 545.7 ppm.
Mentha crispa L. is one of Vietnam’s most precious folk medicines and is also a spice used in many delicious dishes in Vietnam and around the world. The use of Mentha crispa L. leaf extract as a reducing agent for Ag+ ions to synthesize silver nanoparticles is discussed in this paper. Single silver nanospheres were dispersed in biological media and their sizes were controlled in the range of 20-80 nm. Factors affecting particle size and shape such as extract concentration, AgNO3 concentration, reaction time, and temperature were investigated to determine the optimal parameters for particle synthesis. The optical properties, dispersion, crystal structure, morphology, and sizes of silver nanoparticles were investigated through UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The functional groups on the L.AgNPs were determined by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) transmittance spectra. The synthesised silver nanoparticles were used to treat methylene blue (MB) dye, the main component of dye wastewater, based on their photocatalytic properties. The results show that in the presence of L.AgNPs, the photodegradation efficiency of NaBH4 or H2O2 reducing agents is much higher, up to 95% of illumination.
The research was performed to observe the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) incorporate using the leaves Melastoma malabathricumin the ethanolic extract as anti-Haemonchus contortus. To determine the phytochemical content of Melastoma malabathricum, a qualitative phytochemical test was done. An adulticidal or an adult motility test was performed on mature female Haemonchus contortus. Three silver nanoparticle concentrations (AgNPs-Extract 0.2mgml-1, AgNPs-Extract 0.1mgml-1, AgNPs-Extract 0.05mgml-1) and two different ethanol extract Melastoma malabathricum concentrations (200mgml-1 and 100mgml-1) were examined. Albendazole 40mg/ml was used asa standard reference, and for negative control normal using saline water. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the ethanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum contains tannin, flavonoid, terpenoid, and steroid. The silver nanoparticles are identified visually as colour changes in the solution and using an ultraviolet-visible nanophotometer (UV-Vis). The spectrum was examined using a UV-Vis nanophotometer, and it revealed a clear peak around 365nm with a pH of 5.9. In a nematocidal assay on adult Haemonchus contortus, the paralysis time of the worm in silver nanoparticle (AgNPs- Extract 0.2mg/ml) was 8.85 minutes, which was significantly (P0.05) shorter than the control positive (14.07 minutes). Worms died in less than an hour in all treatments, and the negative control worm remained active for up to 2 hours after exposure
This paper reports the preparation of calcium alginate gels-functionalized PUF decorated with AgNPs (CA/PUF@Ag) by in situ reduction of Ag+ ions to form AgNPs with weakly reducing glycerol in CA/PUF composite. The water-adsorbing capacity, chemical structure, crystalline nature, elemental composition and morphologies of the composite were characterized. The Ag release behavior of CA/PUF@Ag was investigated. The inhibition zone test, time-dependent co-culture assay, test tube test, and antibacterial filtration experiment with Escherichia coli as an indicator of bacterial contamination were conducted to explore the antimicrobial efficacy. Results indicated that the CA/PUF@Ag prepared at 0.25 % w/v of SA could absorb more water with a higher swelling ratio of 8.0 g/g than that of PUF@Ag (6.0 g/g), which was subsequently squeezed by minimal pressure stimuli. The CA/PUF@Ag had a larger initial AgNPs loading amount (8.48 mg/g), lower Ag release concentration (44.35 μg/L) and lower Ag release rate (0.27 %) after 14 days tests than those of PUF@Ag (7.93 mg/g, 80.87 μg/L and 0.60 % respectively). The CA/PUF@Ag was highly reusable because bacterial cells in the squeezed water recovered from the composite were completely inactivated over five cycles of operation, and exhibited good antibacterial efficacy as an antibacterial filter in a flow test.
This research is based on the superiority of Herbal Hand Sanitizer using Azadirachta Indica, Ocimum Tenuiflorum, Mentha Pipereta, Aloe vera, Rose water and camphor and Herbal Handwash using Reetha, Ocimum Tenuiflorum, aloe vera and rose water. Majorly this research has focused on Hand Hygiene. Since hands are the primary mode of transmission of various disease causing germs. With the help of proper methods of washing hands and sanitization during daily lifestyle as well as during Patient care can inhibit or reduce the chances of infection. Goal of this research is to prepare environment friendly biodegradable Herbal Hand sanitizer and Herbal Handwash which shows effective antibacterial and are inexpensive.
Hand-washing is an important practice for healthcare in home and daily life preparations. Herbal based hand wash preparations are the most promising hand wash with natural antimicrobial effect. The present study was aimed to development and standardization of herbal hand wash with natural ingredients. In this study, two types of herbal hand wash were formulated with Neem and Aloe vera methanol extract. The herbal hand-wash A and herbal hand wash B, containing plant extract and other natural herbal ingredients in different compositions of ingredients. Herbal hand wash formulations were further evaluated for some parameters such as odor, color, pH, viscosity, foam height, foam retention and spreading potential. The quality of hand wash formulation was evaluated by skin irritation test, greasiness grittiness and homogeneity. The results indicated that all the developed formulations of hand wash A and B were in acceptable limits. The results of present study proved that the effective herbal hand wash were developed successfully by incorporating the herbal extracts using low cost indigenous technologies for better effect.
Background: Sugarcane smut is a disease that is caused by the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum. This is a disease of economic importance in the sugarcane industry because it can cause losses of up to 50%. Current management practices have shown to be ineffective in controlling the fungal disease and hence there is a need for the development of antifungal agents that are biocompatible, non-toxic, environmentally friendly and easy to develop. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have been found to possess antimicrobial properties, and have not been explored in S. scitamineum.
Results: The synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Carissa spinarum yielded particles that were spherical, smooth and had a size range from 3nm to 33nm in size. Optimization of the mixtures using ultraviolet-visual spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed peaks in the range of 340nm to 450nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis identified proteins to be essential capping agents and reducing sugars were responsible for the reduction of the silver nitrate to nanoparticles and stabilizing the nanoparticles. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles had the highest antifungal activity at 5mg/ml, while the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungal concentration were 78µg/ml. The in-vivo assays showed a significant (at P=0.05) reduction of the pathogen biomass concentration on the plants that were treated with the nanoparticles when compared to the control plants. The application of 58.5µg/ml of the b-AgNPs to the S. scitamineum resulted in a significant (P=0.05) increase in expression of the bE and bW genes, while the treatment with 39 µg/ml significantly (P=0.05) increased the expression of the bE gene, but had no significant (P=0.05) change in the expression of the bW gene.
Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles that were synthesized successfully using C. spinarum crude extract inhibited the growth of S. scitamineum both in-vitro and in-vivo. The silver nanoparticles had a regulatory effect on the expression of the bE and bW genes in the fungus.
Background: Sugarcane smut is a disease that is caused by the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum. This is a disease of economic importance in the sugarcane industry, because it can cause losses of up to 50%. Current management practices have shown to be ineffective in controlling the fungal disease and hence there is the need for the development of antifungal agents that are biocompatible, non-toxic, environmentally friendly and easy to develop. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have been found to possess antimicrobial properties, and have not been explored on S. scitamineum.
Results: The synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Carissa spinarum yielded particles that were spherical, smooth and they had a size range from 3nm to 33nm in size. Optimization of the mixtures using ultraviolet-visual spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed peaks in the range of 340nm to 450nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis identified proteins to be essential capping agents and reducing sugars were responsible for the reduction of the silver nitrate to nanoparticles and stabilizing the nanoparticles. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles had the highest antifungal activity at 5mg/ml, while the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungal concentration were 78µg/ml. The in-vivo assays showed a significant (at P=0.05) reduction of the pathogen biomass concentration on the plants that were treated with the nanoparticles when compared to the control plants. The application of 58.5µg/ml of the b-AgNPs to the S. scitamineum resulted to a significant (P=0.05) increase in expression of the bE and bW genes, while the treatment with 39 µg/ml significantly (P=0.05) increased the expression of the bE gene, but had no significant (P=0.05) change in the expression of the bW gene.
Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles that were synthesized successfully using C. spinarum crude extract inhibited the growth of S. scitamineum both in-vitro and in-vivo. The silver nanoparticles had a regulatory effect on the expression of the bE and bW genes in the fungus.
The use of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) has increased because of their unique properties and flexibility to be inserted in different application fields. In this work, the green preparation of ZnONPs is proposed by employing a novel alternative natural source, Sarcocornia ambigua, a succulent plant abundant in the Bahía Blanca estuary (Argentina). A comparative study has been carried out, including the chemical synthesis of ZnO NPs and the eco-friendly one mediated by Aloe barbadensis, a natural substrate widely employed in the green mediated nanomaterials synthetic procedures.
The results show that ZnO nanoparticles with excellent crystallinity and purity can be obtained from this plant without adding any other reactive. Nanoparticles achieved by the three methods have been characterized by different techniques to assess their physicochemical properties. The Band Gap energy was calculated, finding differences depending on the used substrate. The performance of selected ZnONPs was evaluated in terms of their photocatalytic capability using methylene blue as a model organic pollutant. Collected data demonstrated higher efficiency of Sarcocornia ambigua to obtain NPs as promising tools to solve water contamination problems.
In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized from aqueous extracts of wild plants (WCJ) and tissue cultured plants (TCCJ) of Ceropegia juncea, which is an endangered medicinal plant. AgNPs were synthesized using this method and validated by UV–visible spectrophotometry, FTIR analysis, XRD measurements, EDX and SEM analysis. Visual observation of the UV/visible spectrum and UV–visible spectra of WCJ and TCCJ after they were treated with Ag precursors revealed the development of yellowish-brown and dark brown colors, respectively. FTIR analysis identified flavonoids and terpenoids as the compounds responsible for capping and stabilizing AgNPs. It is evident from the XRD results that the synthesized AgNPs are crystallized. The optical absorption peaks observed in the EDX samples of WCJ and TCCJ AgNPs were both approximately 3 keV indicating the presence of elemental silver. Furthermore, SEM analysis verified that WCJ and TCCJ AgNPs had sizes of approximately 3–32 μm and 8.28–13.82 μm, respectively. According to the results of anti-bacterial activity, both samples inhibited bacterial growth in a dose-dependent manner. WCJ and TCCJ AgNPs altered the vascular system, suppressing the creation of new blood vessels and causing distortions of existing vessels as detected in the angiogenesis study. AgNPs exhibited noteworthy cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells at 250 g/mL concentration, with 74.4 and 82.95% cell death against WCJ and TCCJ AgNPs with IC50 value of 92. 99 and 97.42 µg/mL, respectively.
In the present study silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Elaeodendron croceum stem bark and leaf extracts (ECB-AgNPs and ECL-AgNPs respectively) and were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The antioxidant activity was determined by evaluating the effect on DPPH and ABTS. The activities against selected Gram negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were also carried out. The nanoparticles obtained were stable aqueous dispersive, crystalline, and spherical shaped with average particle size of 22.26 nm and 10.01 nm for ECB-AgNPs and ECL-AgNPs respectively. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed four diffraction peaks at 32.24°, 48.11°, 58.64°, and 77.47° that was indexed to (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes fcc. However, the minimum inhibitory concentrations and IC50 values were higher than the standards used. In summary, a single step method of synthesizing silver nanoparticles from Elaeodendron croceum stem bark and leaf is reported and may serve as potential source of antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
Antibacterial Activity and Biofilm Property of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using Saintpaulia Aqueous Leaf Extract
ABSTRACT: Today, nanoparticles are effectively used in different areas. Initially, physical and chemical methods were used in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Biosynthesis (green synthesis) has emerged as an alternative to overcome the toxic effect of chemically synthesized nanoparticles. In this study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the leaf extract of African violet plant (Saintpaulia) was carried out. As a result of the characterization, it was determined that nanoparticles were formed at a spherical size of 40.4 nm with a spectrum showing a spectrum at a wavelength of 432 nm. Antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activities of AgNPs against four Gram-positive and four Gram-negative were determined with bacterial strains. Silver nanoparticles at 10 mM concentration showed bacteriocidal activity against all bacterial strains. In the antibiotic activity study, the highest inhibition percentage was obtained against the Salmonella infantis strain at 80.3% at a concentration of 10 mM.
Keywords: Saintpaulia, Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Antibacterial activity, Antibiofilm activity
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.