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Ancient Sparta in Modern Fiction: Paul Cartledge argues that all historiography can be seen as fictionalised and relishes the fact that novelists breathe new life into ancient worlds

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Keywords: agóge, spartan mirage, Leonidas, sports onomastics, football clubs, Spartan races, laconophilia in other sports. Abstract. The evidence from the ancient Panhellenic Games proves that Spartan athletes who did not dominate these agónes and they were by no means regarded as outstanding favourites. Nevertheless modern sport refers to ancient Sparta eagerly and freąuently, most spectacularly in the names given to of sports clubs. This is caused by the fact that the most recognizable element of the still living Spartan mirage belongs to the Spartan, military upbringing. Having been idealized, it turned out to coincide, in its suppositions and aims, with the value systems ascribed to sport by the educators, mentors, politicians, sports activist and athletes themselves during the 19th, 20th and 21st century. This phenomenon is not limited only to sports onomastics.
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Słowa kluczowe: antyczna Sparta, agōgē, greckie agony, recepcja antyku, Spartan mirage, onomastyka sportowa, holenderskie kluby piłkarskie. Summary: The Spartan mirage in the modern sports movement We know that the athletes who came from Sparta did not dominate the ancient Panhellenic Games, although they were by no means regarded as outstanding favourites of these agones. Streszczenie: Wiedza w zakresie antycznych igrzysk panhelleńskich przekonuje, że wywodzący się ze Sparty atleci z różnych powodów nie zdominowali tych agonów i bynajmniej nie uchodzili za ich wy-bitnych faworytów. Tymczasem współczesny sport chętnie i często (najbardziej spektakularnie w onomastyce klubów sportowych) nawiązuje do antycznej Sparty. Dzieje się tak dlatego, że najważniejszy element ciągle żywego Spartan mirage stanowi spartańskie militarne wychowanie. Poddawane idealizacji okazało się w założeniach i celach zbieżne z systemem wartości przypisywanym sportowi przez dziewiętnasto-i dwudziestowiecznych edukatorów, mentorów i polityków. Najwcześniej i najpełniej fenomen ten pojawił się w Holandii.
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