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... Reducing power activity E. globulus reducing capacity was determined by using method of Oyaizu, (1986) [40] after implementing slight modifications [41]. Phosphate buffer (pH 6.6, 0.2 mol/l) of 2.5 mL and 1% of 2.5 mL K3Fe (CN)6 was mixed with extract solutions of E. globulus. ...
... Reducing power activity E. globulus reducing capacity was determined by using method of Oyaizu, (1986) [40] after implementing slight modifications [41]. Phosphate buffer (pH 6.6, 0.2 mol/l) of 2.5 mL and 1% of 2.5 mL K3Fe (CN)6 was mixed with extract solutions of E. globulus. ...
Eucalyptus globulus is belong to a family of Myrtaceae and one of the important medicinal plants. Eucalyptus leaf extract is a used as an antioxidant in various food additives. With this in mind, fresh leaves and bark of eucalyptus were taken dried, grinded and extractive contents were measured. Various extracts of leaf and bark of Eucalyptus globulus were made and used for the estimation of phytochemicals, total flavonoids or phenolic content, and for determination of in-vitro antioxidant activity. The highest extractive contents of E. globulus leaf were 4.75±0.25% and bark 7.95±0.50% with water. Phytochemical tests showed that the water extracts of the leaves and bark contain alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins, while there are no cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones. Phenols and flavonoids studies have shown that leaves extract contain significant amounts of phenols and flavonoids (152.6±1.5 mg/g gallic acid equivalent; 42.30±0.7 mgQE/g dry weight) and 120.3±1.1 mg/g gallic acid equivalent 29.2±0.5 mgQE/g dry weight in water extract of bark. All extracts exhibited considerable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), with the highest percentage inhibition in aqueous leaves extracts 87.41±1.2 (IC50 58.88±2.15 µg/ml), while lower in chloroform 48.39±0.6 (IC50 88.22±2.90 µg) /ml), than bark water extract: 80.15±1.1 (IC50 63.43±2.25 µg/ml; chloroform extract: 42.02±0.5 (IC50 90.10±2.95), While the percentage inhibition of BHT was 92.8±1.3, the IC50 was 29.70±1.55 µg/ml was detected at 250 µg/ml concentration. Reducing capacity when compared in leaves and bark, the following order was observed: water extract˃ethanol extract˃EtOH-H2O˃methanol extract˃MeOH-H2O extract˃chloroform extract. This study has confirmed that water extracts of E. globulus leaves and bark have the highest antioxidant activity and may contain high amounts of flavonoids and phenolics.
... Reducing power activity E. globulus reducing capacity was determined by using method of Oyaizu, (1986) [40] after implementing slight modifications [41]. Phosphate buffer (pH 6.6, 0.2 mol/l) of 2.5 mL and 1% of 2.5 mL K3Fe (CN)6 was mixed with extract solutions of E. globulus. ...
... Reducing power activity E. globulus reducing capacity was determined by using method of Oyaizu, (1986) [40] after implementing slight modifications [41]. Phosphate buffer (pH 6.6, 0.2 mol/l) of 2.5 mL and 1% of 2.5 mL K3Fe (CN)6 was mixed with extract solutions of E. globulus. ...
Eucalyptus globulus is belong to a family of Myrtaceae and one of the important medicinal plants. Eucalyptus leaf extract is a used as an antioxidant in various food additives. With this in mind, fresh leaves and bark of eucalyptus were taken dried, grinded and extractive contents were measured. Various extracts of leaf and bark of Eucalyptus globulus were made and used for the estimation of phytochemicals, total flavonoids or phenolic content, and for determination of in-vitro antioxidant activity. The highest extractive contents of E. globulus leaf were 4.75±0.25% and bark 7.95±0.50% with water. Phytochemical tests showed that the water extracts of the leaves and bark contain alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins, while there are no cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones. Phenols and flavonoids studies have shown that leaves extract contain significant amounts of phenols and flavonoids (152.6±1.5 mg/g gallic acid equivalent; 42.30±0.7 mgQE/g dry weight) and 120.3±1.1 mg/g gallic acid equivalent 29.2±0.5 mgQE/g dry weight in water extract of bark. All extracts exhibited considerable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), with the highest percentage inhibition in aqueous leaves extracts 87.41±1.2 (IC50 58.88±2.15 µg/ml), while lower in chloroform 48.39±0.6 (IC50 88.22±2.90 µg) /ml), than bark water extract: 80.15±1.1 (IC50 63.43±2.25 µg/ml; chloroform extract: 42.02±0.5 (IC50 90.10±2.95), While the percentage inhibition of BHT was 92.8±1.3, the IC50 was 29.70±1.55 µg/ml was detected at 250 µg/ml concentration. Reducing capacity when compared in leaves and bark, the following order was observed: water extract˃ethanol extract˃EtOH-H2O˃methanol extract˃MeOH-H2O extract˃chloroform extract. This study has confirmed that water extracts of E. globulus leaves and bark have the highest antioxidant activity and may contain high amounts of flavonoids and phenolics.
... Amounts of 0.1 mL of 10% aluminum nitrate, 0.1 mL of 1 M potassium acetate, and 4.3 mL of ethanol were combined with 0.15 mL of the sample. The absorbance of the mixture was determined to be 415 nm after 40 min of room temperature reaction [30]. ...
... Following that, 0.1 mL of trichloroacetic acid, 0.4 mL of distilled water, and 50 L of ferric chloride were added. At 700 nm, absorbance was measured [30]. ...
Dendrobium loddigesii has long been used in traditional folk medicine. The purpose of this study was to optimize the culture conditions for its protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and explore their biological activities. The use of an air-lift bioreactor demonstrated superior PLB proliferation compared to agitated and solid culture methods. The optimal inoculum quantity of 30 g/vessel, cultured for 28 days in the bioreactor, yielded the highest PLB biomass production. Analysis of PLB extracts revealed that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract exhibited the highest levels of flavonoids and alkaloids, as well as potent antioxidant activity demonstrated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and reducing power. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effects of the PLB extracts were assessed using MTT assays, and the EtOAc extract showed significant efficacy by reducing cell viability by over 60% in the human colon carcinoma cell line SW620 at the highest tested concentration (200 μg/mL). Mechanistic analysis revealed the downregulation of key regulatory apoptosis genes, including survivin, p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9. These results demonstrate the potential of the bioreactor culture method for the efficient production of D. loddigesii PLBs and the biological activities of the EtOAc extract, suggesting its therapeutic potential.
... Estimation of reducing power antioxidant potentials of various fractions of C. auriculata was determined by utilizing ferric reducing antioxidant power test described by Oyaizu et al (1986) 26 . FRAP values were determined by estimating the absorbance of coloured product at 700 nm utilizing UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. ...
... Estimation of reducing power antioxidant potentials of various fractions of C. auriculata was determined by utilizing ferric reducing antioxidant power test described by Oyaizu et al (1986) 26 . FRAP values were determined by estimating the absorbance of coloured product at 700 nm utilizing UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. ...
Failure of natural homeostasis of healthy cell due to hyperproliferative nature of cancer, resulting in stimulation of various genes which are intensively participated in cell cycle, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis. Our study focused on the in-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of the whole plant fractions of Cayratia auriculata, a medicinal plant belongs to Vitaceae family. The whole plant material was shade dried and powdered, fractions were prepared by using soxhlet extraction technique with the ascending order of polarity such as hexane < chloroform, < ethyl acetate < methanol. Screening for phytoconstituents in fractions was carried with standard biochemical instigations. Quantitative investigation was done by using different assays such as total phenolic content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, nitric oxide scavenging activity, 2,2 -Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and total antioxidant activity (TAC) to reveal antioxidant capacity. In-vitro cytotoxicity activity on A549 lung cancer cell line was evaluated by (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazole-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay. Phytochemical analysis of all four fractions showed the existence of varying degree of secondary bioactive metabolites but methanol fraction exhibited richness in phytoconstituents. Methanol fraction revealed good total phenolic content, potent antioxidant potential in FRAP, DPPH, Nitric oxide scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity in contrast to other tested fractions. MTT assay revealed that methanol fraction C. auriculata has strongest cytotoxic effect towards (A549) lung cancer cell line with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 115.14 µg/ml. The results of present study indicate that different fractions of C. auriculata showed the existence of varying degree of phytochemicals, total phenolic content and dose dependent antioxidant activity. Methanolic fraction revealed richness in phytochemicals, total phenolic content, potent antioxidant, and anticancer property (in- vitro).
... The reducing power of ferric ions (Fe3+) of an extract was evaluated using the method described by Oyaizu [6]. A volume of 1.25 mL of a phosphate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 6.6) and 1.25 mL of potassium ferricyanide (1% w/v) were mixed with 500 μL of an extract solution at concentrations variables. ...
... The reducing power was based on the reduction of the ferric ion (Fe3+) to ferrous ion (Fe2+) by transfer of an electron or donation of a hydrogen atom. Insecticides -Advances in Insect Control and Sustainable Pest Management 6 The Figure 2 represented the reducing power of essential oil of A. herba alba and the BHT standard. The results showed that the reducing power increased with the concentration. ...
The present work was to evaluated the insecticidal activity of the essential oil extracted from an aromatic plant Artemisia herba alba (Lamiaceae) on larvaes and insects of Tribolium confusum. The results obtained showed that the essential oil A. herba alba revealed significant antiradical activities against the DPPH radical and a powerful reducing power. The repellent effect and the toxicity by contact were tested at different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 μl/ml). The results revealed that the essential oil of A.herba alba was moderately toxic after 24 h towards the insects and the larvaes. While the repellent effect showed that Artemisia oil had a very strong repellent effect on the larvae’s. These results added to those obtained by other authors on the usefulness and effectiveness of essential oils in the control of different.
... Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. The reducing power ability of C. Citratus essential oil was determined by the method of [19] with a slight modification. Briefly, a mixture composed of 10 μl of essential oil, 40 μl of phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.6), and 50 μl of potassium ferricalides (1%) K3Fe (CN)6 washeated to 50 ° C in a water bath for 20 minutes. ...
... The reducing power of the prepared extracts was determined by the procedure described by Oyaizu (1986) ...
The use of coffee plants is more focused on the coffee beans as a brewing drink or as a food additive. Parts of the coffee plant, such as leaves, are considered as waste and have not been properly utilized. The current study investigates the antioxidant activities and antibacterial activities of Arabica coffee leaves from Yirgacheffe, Gidio Zone, Ethiopia. As a reference, the crude extracts of green/raw and medium roasted beans of coffee were screened for their in vitro antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities. Antioxidant activities were measured by DPPH assay and the reducing power. The findings of this research show that the coffee leaves possessed the highest antioxidant activities in both DPPH and reducing power assays. A linear correlation between concentrations of coffee extract of the leaves and reducing power was observed with a coefficient of y = 0.00312x + 0.0802, (R2 = 0.99472). These results indicated the extract of leaves of coffee has a strongest antioxidant activities compared with green and medium roasted coffee extracts. Moreover, coffee extract has found to be more effective against gram positive bacteria; S.aureus than negative bacteria strains; E. coil. Antioxidant activities for leaf of coffee samples were slightly higher than for the corresponding green and roasted samples while antibacterial activities was significantly lower in leaf of coffee compared to that of green and roasted samples (p < 0.05). Thus, coffee leaf is a very promising resource in the areas of food and pharmaceutical industry, especially, in the beverage industry.
... The procedure, as outlined by Oyaizu (1986), with slight modifications, was employed in determining the reducing power of the extract. A mixture of five different concentrations of ethanol extracts (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 mg/ml) and gallic acid at the same concentrations in 2 ml phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.6) and 2 ml of 1% potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe (CN)6) was made. ...
In recent years, scientific interest in Moringa oleifera has surged due to its potential health-promoting properties in traditional healthcare services. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of different parts of Moringa oleifera tree and the anti-anaemic potential of the parts in phenylhydrazine-induced heamatotoxicity in forty-eight (48) male Wistar albino rats using appropriate standard techniques. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed that Moringa oleifera parts contain flavonoids, saponins, and steroids and have antioxidant capabilities. The IC50 values for M. oleifera leaves and flowers DPPH were MOL 24.26 ± 2.92 µg/ml, MOF 43.69 ± 2.68 µg/ml, and gallic acid 16.71 ± 0.63 µg /ml. There was a significant increase in WBC, MCH, MCHC, and NEU in anaemic rats (14.07 ± 0.64 x 103, 22.6 ± 0.44 pg, 32.5 ± 0.85 g/dl, 33 ± 1.00 %, respectively) compared to the normal control (9.98 ± 0.92 x103, 18.98 ± 0.42 pg, 30.45 ± 0.5 g/dl, 29.05 ± 1.80 %, respectively) but lowered significantly with the treatment of different parts of Moringa oleifera. Histopathology showed moderate myeloblastic and lymphoblastic cellular traits in anaemic rats. The groups treated with hydroxyurea and Moringa oleifera parts showed varying frequencies of mild myeloblastic and lymphoblastic cellular traits, indicating improvement in the bone marrow. Findings from this study showed that Moringa oleifera parts have antioxidant capabilities and anti-anaemic potentials in a rat model of phenylhydrazine-induced heamatoxicity. However, the leaf is the most potent and efficient part based on the results of these findings.
... The assessment of reduction power for EO was conducted in accordance with the methodology outlined by 24 . Quercetin is utilized as the standard. ...
The study aimed at investigating the phytochemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils (EOs) of Origanum grossii and Thymus pallidus. The selection of these plants for the study was driven by a comprehensive survey conducted in the Ribat Elkheir region of Morocco, where these plants are widely utilized. The results reflect the valorization of these plants based on the findings of the regional survey. The GC–MS phytochemical analysis revealed that the main constituents of the essential oil were carvacrol and thymol for O. grossii and T. pallidus respectively. Quantitative assays demonstrated that O. grossii exhibited higher levels of polyphenols (0.136 mg AGE/mg EO) and flavonoids (0.207 mg QE/mg EO) compared to T. pallidus. The DPPH assay indicated that O. grossii EOs possessed approximately twice the antiradical activity of T. pallidus, with IC50 values of approximately 0.073 mg/mL and 0.131 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity tests showed that both essential oils exhibited significant inhibition zones ranging from 26 to 42 mm against all tested bacterial strains. The MIC values varied among the bacteria, generally falling within the range of 0.31 to 2.44 µg/mL, demonstrating the potency of the EOs to serve as antibacterial. Molecular docking revealed that O. grossii and T. pallidus essential oils interact with antibacterial and antioxidant proteins (1AJ6 and 6QME). Key compounds in O. grossii include p-cymene, eucalyptol, and carvacrol, while T. pallidus contains potent chemicals like p-cymene, ɤ-maaliene, valencene, α-terpinene, caryophyllene, himachalene, and thymol. Notably, the most potent chemicals in Origanum grossii are p-cymene, eucalyptol, and carvacrol, while the most potent chemicals in Thymus pallidus are p-cymene, α-terpinene, and thymol. These findings suggest that these plant EOs could be used to develop new natural products with antibacterial and antioxidant activity.
... The absorbance was recorded at 695 nm and TAC was calculated as mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g extract. Reducing power (RP) was estimated using the methods of (Oyaizu 1986;Basar et al. 2013). Different concentrations of plant extract were mixed with 2.5 mL of 0.2 M phosphate buffer at pH 6.6 and 2.5 mL of 1% potassium ferricyanide solution. ...
To cite this paper: Abdel-Farid IB, M Jahangir, HM Ali, M Rowezek, M Allach, I Sabouni, AAA Mohamed (2023). Characterization of different varieties of Olea europaea using metabolomics combined with multivariate data analysis. Intl J Agric Biol 29:288-298 Abstract The content of secondary metabolites varies among different cultivars or varieties of Olea europaea. There is ever high increase of olive cultivation and utilization of its oil, fruit, and even leaves in various products for human consumption. There is an increase concern about characterization of different varietie and traceability of various parts of olive, as being used in food processing. The objective of this study was to assess the metabolomic profiling and antioxidant activity of drupes in five varieties of Olea europaea (Napali, K18, improved Napali, Galat and Kalamata) growing under the same environmental conditions in Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia. Spectrophotometer and HPLC combined with multivariate data as analytical and data processing strategy for this study, where four distinct groups were observed in principal component analysis based on metabolic discrimination among various varieties. Galat was clearly discriminated from others due to higher contents of total secondary metabolites (phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, and anthocyanins), high total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and high amounts of individual polyphenols, such as 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid. Further, K18 was separated into another group, by having least contents of all total metabolites, quercetin, and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, but with higher contents of luteolin, luteolin-7-glucoside, syringic acid, and oleuropein. Napali and Kalamata were separated together into a third group, characterized by moderate contents of the total and individual secondary metabolites, as well as moderate TAC, but with a higher content of quercetin. The fourth group included the Improved Napali variety, with moderate contents of all metabolites and a higher content of caffeic acid. The antioxidant activity is discussed based on the polyphenol contents of each variety. The present study provides new insights into the factors controlling the selection of five olive varieties for either oil production or the pickling industry based on polyphenol distribution and total antioxidant activity.
... The ferric reducing power of Melanin free ink was determined by the method as described by Oyaiza [14] . Different concentrations of Melanin free ink were prepared by using double distilled water. ...
The squid processing units produces ink sac as processing waste. Squid processing discard can be utilized to obtain the valuable component. In the present study, ink sac from Loligo duvauceli was used to obtain the melanin free ink (MFI). The MFI was characterized for antioxidant properties by analysing Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (DPPH FRSA), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assay. DPPH FRSA activity of 63.21% was observed at 5 mg/ml concentration. The MFI had FRAP and inhibition of β-carotene value of 0.545 and 0.858, respectively. DPPH FRSA, FRAP activity and β-carotene activity increased significantly with increase in MFI concentration. The result indicates that the MFI which can be obtained from the squid ink sac, a waste from squid processing unit can be used as natural antioxidant in many food products to retard the lipid oxidation and shelf-life of the food can also be enhanced.
... . Oyaizu (1986) . 100, 500, 1,000 g/ml (Kim , 2015). ...
This study was conducted to confirm the utilization of Pleurospermum camtschaticum root extract as an organic agricultural material. Antioxidant activity of P. camtschaticum root extract, closely related to antibacterial activity, increased in a dose-dependent manner. In mycelial growth inhibitory activity, 100% P. camtschaticum root extract supressed over 70% for Colletotrichum coccodes and over 68% for Colletotrichum dematium . In the pepper fruit anthracnose development test, the size of the lesion decreased in a dose-dependent manner, which showed the same tendency as the previous results in inhibitory activity on mycelial growth. In the pepper seed germination and red pepper growth promotion test of P. camtschaticum root extract, oposite results was confirmed. The lower the concentration, the more the seed germination and growth promotion effects were shown. The phenol content of pepper leaves was also measured after pepper growth promotion test have been completed. The phenol content related to antibacterial activity increased in all treated groups compared to the untreated group. Therefore, the results of this study showed the possibility of development as an organic material.
... The approach outlined by [29] was used to assess the extracts' reducing power ability. The plant sample was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to obtain various concentrations, 100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 300 µg/ml, 400 µg/ ml, and 500 µg/ml in several reaction tubes. ...
Background
Urolithiasis, the deposit of stones in the urinary tract is a pertinent clinical issue in daily practice that imposes a burden on the human health system. Ficus religiosa plant has historically been useful in preventing urolithiasis. There is currently no information on phytochemical profiling that specifies the precise phytochemicals in the seed that are active against urolithiasis.
Methods
F. religiosa seeds were extracted with different solvents in increasing order of their polarity by Soxhlet extraction. All the extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant potential. GC–MS profiling of the most potent antioxidant F. religiosa seed extract was done to evaluate the phytoconstituents. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties of these compounds in silico ADMET analysis was done. To comprehend the binding potential of the best ADMET evaluated phytochemicals contained in the F. religiosa seed extract against the several protein targets (matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), and Human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)) and antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione-disulfide reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) involved in urolithiasis, multi targets based virtual screening tests were done using Autodock Vina tool.
Results
GC–MS profiling revealed the presence of 53 different compounds. Of all these compounds, based on ADMET analysis 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol; 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol; diethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate; 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde; 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol; and bis (2-methyl propyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate were found to have best pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties. In the autodocking studies, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl phenol is proved to be the best of all in terms of binding energies with the selected targets.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest a framework for employing F. religiosa seed ethyl acetate extract as a potent herbal treatment for urolithiasis.
... 17 β-Carotene bleaching method analysis was carried out according to the method developed by Bruni et al. 18 Ferric reducing test was performed according to the method of Oyaizu. 19 Metal chelating activity was determined according to the method of Decker and Welch. 20 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability of the extracts was determined using the method of Brand-Williams et al. ...
... Thiourea was used as standard as hydroxyl radical scavenger [21].To assess the metal chelation property of plant extract the above experiment was repeated in absence of EDTA. The difference between 2 readings (absorbance in presence and absence of EDTA) at various concentrations had been tabulated [27]. ...
Evaluation of natural compound obtained from phytochemical screening provides key idea for investigating new drug. Corallina officinalis and Sargassum ilicifolium red & brown seaweeds have reported to exhibit different biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant etc. This study intent to explore the antioxidant activity of crude extracts of the seaweed. Ethenolic and Acetone extracts of two seaweeds, collected from Sindhudurga coastal area, Maharashtra, India were evaluated using various in vitro methods. DPPH scavenging method & Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay showed significant antioxidant activity. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic content of the extracts/fractions, and the results were expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of the seaweed extracts. Since these alga being used as food during ancient time we may conclude that these macroalgae could be further developed as food additives so as to reduce illness naturally and the extracts can be used to hostities various disorders.
... The reducing power of alkaloid-rich leaf extract of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides was measured according to the method of Oyaizu [14] with slight modification. An aliquot of 1 ml of different concentrations (0.2 -0.8 mg/ml) of alkaloid-rich leaf extract (0.2 M PBS, pH 6.6) was mixed with 1 ml of 1% potassium ferric cyanide solution. ...
... Reducing power (RP). The reducing power (RP) of three extracts were determined following the method of Oyaizu 25 . Briefly, different concentrations of extracts (10,20,30,40,50 and 60 µg/ml) were mixed with 5 ml phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.6) and 2.5 ml potassium ferricyanide (1%) and compared with the same concentration of BHT and ascorbic acid in ethanol (95%) with 2.5 ml of sodium phosphate buffer (200 mM, pH 6.6). ...
The increasing demand for natural products and biotechnological activities from bees facilitate their widespread use in food preservation and beneficial effects on humans. This study aimed to prepare and characterize the nano-capsules of Qaluiobia (PQG) governorates propolis extracted with water, ethanol and supercritical fluid-carbon dioxide at 50 °C with co-solvent. Propolis bioavailability was analyzed and introduced to prepare crackers to extend their shelf life. Nano-encapsulation was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and antioxidant activity. Ethanol and supercritical fluid-carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) at 50 °C with ethanol as co-solvent recorded higher yield, antioxidant activities, total phenolics and total flavonoids. SCF-CO2 extracts had a higher flavonoid concentration. It was revealed that propolis nano-capsules had high-temperature stability and cytotoxic effects against the three tested human cancer cell lines (i.e. PC3, MCF7 and HePG2). The higher overall acceptability of crackers fortified with PQG was achieved with SCF-CO2 at 50 °C and ethanol extract nano-capsules, i.e. 86.57% and 86.29% respectively. The higher ability to retain antioxidant activity reduces the increase of peroxide value (PV), preventing rancidity and increasing the shelf life of crackers during the storage period. Practical application: This study can provide a suitable method for extracting bioactive compounds from propolis, and improve the biological properties and activities by nano-encapsulation, also reveals the extent of its use as a natural antioxidant and anticancer and its application in bakery products as a functional food.
... Reducing power method: Total reducing power assay was performed by following the method of Oyaizu [29]. 1ml of different concentrations (25,50,75, 100 and 200µg/ml) of extract was mixed with 2.5ml of 0.2M phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) and 2.5ml of 1% potassium ferricyanide. ...
Since ancient times, plants and plant products were used against numerous diseases. In this context, Clitoria ternatea (C. ternatea) was used for the various treatments of infectious diseases as a therapeutic role containing various phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The methanol flower and seed extracts of C.ternatea were analysed for antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) using the agar well diffusion method. However, the probe of the antibacterial activity in both the methanol flower and methanol seed showed more or less the same zone of inhibition at 200 µg/ml. Furthermore, antioxidant properties were analysed by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay. Results on the DPPH assay showed better results in the methanol flower (42.79±0.0819) extract than methanol seed extract (37.41±0.0265) 200µg/ml. Likewise, the reducing assay manifested in the extract of methanol flower (0.90737±0.00375) was supremacy. Moreover the High resolution liquid 40 chromatography-mass spectrometry (HRLCMS) analysis of methanol flower and seed extract of C. ternatea contained 32 and 51 major bioactive compounds, respectively in positive and negative modes. In light of the study, the extracts of methanol flower and seed extract of C. ternatea are utilized in the mode of action against H. pylori. The methanolic flower and seed extracts authenticated the presence of extensive identified and unidentified phytochemicals in C. ternatea and through more light on the important bioactive compounds to be explored for medicinal applications in future research.
... Reducing power method: Total reducing power assay was performed by following the method of Oyaizu [29]. 1ml of different concentrations (25,50,75, 100 and 200µg/ml) of extract was mixed with 2.5ml of 0.2M phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) and 2.5ml of 1% potassium ferricyanide. ...
Since ancient times, plants and plant products were used against numerous diseases. In this context, Clitoria ternatea (C. ternatea) was used for the various treatments of infectious diseases as a therapeutic role containing various phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The methanol flower and seed extracts of C.ternatea were analysed for antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) using the agar well diffusion method. However, the probe of the antibacterial activity in both the methanol flower and methanol seed showed more or less the same zone of inhibition at 200 µg/ml. Furthermore, antioxidant properties were analysed by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay. Results on the DPPH assay showed better results in the methanol flower (42.79±0.0819) extract than methanol seed extract (37.41±0.0265) 200µg/ml. Likewise, the reducing assay manifested in the extract of methanol flower (0.90737±0.00375) was supremacy. Moreover the High resolution liquid 40 chromatography-mass spectrometry (HRLCMS) analysis of methanol flower and seed extract of C. ternatea contained 32 and 51 major bioactive compounds, respectively in positive and negative modes. In light of the study, the extracts of methanol flower and seed extract of C. ternatea are utilized in the mode of action against H. pylori. The methanolic flower and seed extracts authenticated the presence of extensive identified and unidentified phytochemicals in C. ternatea and through more light on the important bioactive compounds to be explored for medicinal applications in future research.
... The reducing power was determined according to the method of Oyaizu (1986). Gallic acid (0.05-1.0 mM) was used to construct the standard curve. ...
... The aim of this test is the evaluation of the ability of our compounds to reduce ferric iron (Fe 3+ ) to ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ), this test was evaluated according to the protocol established by Oyaizu [59], with some modifications El Jemli et al. [60]. Concentration ranges of our compounds (600 to 10 µg/ml) and catechin (standard) were prepared in DMSO and methanol, respectively. ...
Two new Schiff base compounds, namely N-(2-((4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)phenyl)-2-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetamide (DBPA) and N-(2-((4-methoxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)-2-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetamide (MBPA), have been synthesized through the condensation of N-(2-aminophenyl)-2-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetamide (A) with aromatic aldehydes. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis on spectral data (1H NMR, 13C NMR ESI-MS) and confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Thus, the crystallographic studies showed that the analysis of the crystal packing of DBPA and MBPA revealed 1D and 2D supramolecular architectures, respectively, via various hydrogen bonding interactions. Moreover, the evaluation of compounds A, DBPA and MBPA for their antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay, and reduction potency assay has been undertaken. using quercetin, Trolox and catechin as standard references respectively. The results obtained showed that DBPA appeared more hydrogen radical donor while MBPA appeared more electron donor. The comparison of the activities of the studied three molecules was carried out using both DFT and molecular docking calculations. Furthermore, ADME/T calculations have been made in order to show that these compounds can be used as potent drugs.
... The thiol levels were measured as described by Sedlak and Lindsay (1968). To assess the reducing capacity of samples, FRAP method was used (Oyaizu 1986), with minor modifications. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), was determined as described by Doktorovova et al. (2014). ...
The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate extract obtained from the leaves of Brazilian peppertree Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (EAELSt). Total phenols and flavonoids, chemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and lipoperoxidation assays), and cytotoxicity in L929 fibroblasts were determined. In vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties were evaluated using TPA-induced ear inflammation model in mice. Phenol and flavonoid contents were 19.2 ± 0.4 and 93.8 ± 5.2 of gallic acid or quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. LC-MS analysis identified 43 compounds, of which myricetin-O-pentoside and quercetin-O-rhamnoside were major peaks of chromatogram. Incubation with EAELSt decreased the amount of DPPH radical (EC50 of 54.5 ± 2.4 µg/mL) and lipoperoxidation at 200-500 µg/mL. The incubation with EAELSt did not change fibroblast viability up to 100 µg/mL. Topical treatment with EAELSt significantly reduced edema and myeloperoxidase activity at 0.3, 1, and 3 mg/ear when compared to the vehicle-treated group. In addition, EAELSt decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels and increased IL-10 levels. Besides, it modulated markers of oxidative stress (reduced total hydroperoxides and increased sulfhydryl contents and ferrium reduction potential) and increased the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, without altering GPx activity.
... Ferric reducing antioxidant power of the extracts was determined according to the method of Oyaizu (1986). Different concentrations of broccoli powder, ostrich nuggets which contained broccoli powder extracts and BHA nuggets were mixed with 2.5 ml of phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.6) and 2.5 ml of 1% (w/v) potassium ferricyanide in 10 ml test tubes. ...
Natural antioxidants are in great demand today due to both consumer preference and health concerns associated with the use of synthetic antioxidants, so this study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant compounds in broccoli powder (Bp) and to evaluate it as a source of natural antioxidants in ostrich nuggets production. The effect of addition of the Bp at different levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) on the most important of quality criteria (chemical composition, physical and sensory attributes) of ostrich nuggets compared with control and BHA (150 mg/kg) nuggets was investigated. Oxidative activity of Bp and ostrich nuggets contained Bp was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging , ABTS and ferric reducing power methods. The increased Bp levels resulted in a significant (p < 0.0) increase in ash and crude fiber and a decrease in the percentage of moisture, crude protein and fat. Bp had high amounts of polyphenols, flavonoid and glucosinolates (17.955, 56.56 and 9.15 mg/g, respectively). Broccoli powder was found to delay lipid peroxidation of ostrich nuggets as measured by TBA number, ostrich nuggets contained Bp (8%) has lower TBA value than control and BHA nuggets. Incorporation of broccoli powder resulted in significant decrease in cooking loss and shrinkage of ostrich nuggets and significantly (p < 0.05) increased in cooking yield compared with control and BHA nuggets. The results indicated that ostrich nuggets contained Bp at 8% has high antioxidant activity (DPPH%, ABTS % or reducing power) which was higher than the control sample and BHA nuggets. Sensory evaluation of ostrich nuggets indicated that all addition levels were well accepted in all organoleptic properties as compared to control sample. Consequently, it could be concluded that broccoli powder might be used instead of synthetic antioxidants, as the addition of broccoli powder up to 8% had no adverse effect on the organoleptic properties or without affecting the acceptability of ostrich nuggets. Thiobarbituric acid value and sensory attributes of ostrich nuggets was lower (p 0.05) than control throughout the refrigerated storage at 4ºC for 15 day. It can be concluded that broccoli powder as a natural source of antioxidants can be recommended to increase the shelf life of food products containing fats and oils, which is safe and can impart health benefits to the consumer.
... 3+ ) power. The Fe 3+ reducing power of BMEPS was assayed according to the method of Oyaizu 66 and was compared with BHT and Ascorbic Acid as reference materials. Successive concentrations from polysaccharide and standard materials; butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Ascorbic Acid (LAA) were prepared as 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 µg/ml in methanol. ...
... 3+ ) power. The Fe 3+ reducing power of BMEPS was assayed according to the method of Oyaizu 66 and was compared with BHT and Ascorbic Acid as reference materials. Successive concentrations from polysaccharide and standard materials; butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Ascorbic Acid (LAA) were prepared as 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 µg/ml in methanol. ...
Four bacterial isolates were obtained from marine sediments collected from Sahl Hashish, Hurghada Red Sea, Egypt. This study was designed to search for promising anti-Alzheimer natural polysaccharide; therefore, four isolates were screened for exopolysaccharides (EPSs) production and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The isolate S16 provided the highest EPS yield (7.51 g/L) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. It was identified morphologically and genetically using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Bacillus maritimus. A Physicochemical analysis of S16 exopolysaccharide (BMEPS) was estimated, which pointed to the presence of uronic acid and sulfate (24.7% and 18.3%, respectively). HPLC analysis indicated that mannuronic acid, glucuronic acid, glucose, and mannose are presented in a molar ratio of 0.8:1.0:2.8:2.3, respectively. Furthermore, FT-IR revealed an abundance of β-configurations. The GPC estimated the average molecular weight (Mw) as 4.31 × 10⁴ g/mol. BMEPS inhibited AChE (IC50; 691.77 ± 8.65 μg/ ml), BChE (IC50; 288.27 ± 10.50 μg/ ml), and tyrosinase (IC50; 3.34 ± 0.09, 14.00 ± 0.14, and 22.96 ± 1.23 μg/ ml during incubation durations of 10, 20, and 40 min). It also demonstrated a selective anti-inflammatory action against COX-2 rather than COX-1. Moreover, BMEPS exhibited antioxidant capabilities as free radical and oxygen reactive species (ROS) scavenger, metal chelator, reductant agent, and lipid peroxidation suppressor. These activities are due to the distinct chemical composition. The findings of this study indicate that BMEPS could be considered as promising anti-disease Alzheimer's (AD) material in an in-vitro model, which qualifies it for advanced in-vivo studies in the discovery of alternative Alzheimer’s treatment.
... The study measured the reducing power using a procedure described in previous studies Oyaizu, 1986). Different concentrations of sample extracts (2.5 mL) were mixed with 2.5 mL of 200 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) and 2.5 mL of 1% potassium ferricyanide. ...
The aim of this study was to identify phenolic compounds in walnut leaves from northern Iraq and evaluate their ability to act as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Phenolic compounds were determined by reversed-phase HPLC. Antibacterial activity was tested against various bacteria. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by various assays, including reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The HPLC profiles of walnut leaf fractions revealed quercetin, hydroquinone, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and caffeic acid in three fractions. The inhibitory activity of DPPH was determined as 47.66, 32.41, and 51.90 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. For ferric reducing power activity, fraction II > fraction III > fraction I and the FRAP activity was observed as 64.43, 73.19, and 68.18 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. All extracted fractions had antibacterial properties against all bacterial strains tested. Observations showed that fraction I was able to produce similar zones of inhibition as streptomycin in most cases. These results suggest that the fractions of this plant extract are plausible natural antioxidants that could be used as prime candidates for the synthesis of antioxidant drugs that can be used for the treatment of many oxidative stress-related diseases. © 2023 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
... The possibility of E. cinerea oil to reduce the Ferric ion (Fe 3+ ) to ferrous ion (Fe 2+ ) was assessed as defined by Oyaizu (1986). Briefly, 625 µL of E. cinerea essential oil or BHT at increasing concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 µg/ mL), was mixed with 625 µL of sodium phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH = 6.6) and 625 µL of K 3 Fe(CN) 6 in a test tube and incubated for 20 min at 50 °C. ...
This work was designed to explore the chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial and insecticidal activities of Eucalyp-tus cinerea essential oil collected from Ain Draham, NorthWestern of Tunisia. GC/MS analysis revealed the identification of twenty two compounds with 1,8-cineole (63.51%), camphene (15.53%), α-pinene (7.55%) and α-terpineol (3.52%) as major components. The antioxidant potential was assessed using two methods 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). IC 50 value was 161.59 µg/mL in the DPPH assay. Moreover, the antibacterial acitivity was evaluated towards Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212). The diameter of inhibition varied between 22 ± 0.57 mm and 7 ± 0.5 mm. The largest one was found in Staphylococcus aureus. However, the smallest one was found in Enterococcus fea-calis. The insecticidal potential was established against Ceratitis capitata adults using contact toxicity by topical application. Results revealed that all E. cinerea oil concentrations exhibited strong contact properties. The originality of this research is to offer farmers an innovative solution to control C. capitata based on the application of natural insecticidal molecules extracted from Eucalyptus cinerea. Moreover, this oil deserves better considerations due to its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Highlights • Eucalyptus cinerea essential oil extracted with Clevenger apparatus are analyzed by GC and GC/MS. • E. cinerea essential oil has a radical scavenging and antibacterial activities. • E. cinerea essential oil displayed insecticidal potential against Medfly adults.
... Ferric reducing ability power (FRAP) of pomegranate juices was determined according to the method of Oyaizu (1986). In all, 1 ml of aril juice was mixed with 2.5 ml of 0.2 M sodium phosphate buffer (PH6.6) and 2.5 ml of 1% potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe [CN]). ...
The carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae [Zeller]), is the most important pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) pest in Iran. This pest causes damage to pomegranate fruit before and after harvesting. In this study, the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on different life stages of carob moth and qualitative parameters of pomegranate were examined. Eggs (1- and 4‑day-old), first and last instar larvae, pupa and adults were exposed to different doses of the radiation. Irradiation on each stage of the pest started from a low dose and increased until 100% mortality was observed. Four replicates were considered for each dose and each replicate included 25 insects. In the first stage, different stages of the pest were directly exposed to radiation, and based on the results of this phase, pomegranates infested with the pest were exposed to radiation. In the last step, the quality of irradiated pomegranates was checked. Results indicated that 1‑ and 4‑day-old eggs, first and last instar larvae, pupa and adults of carob moth were completely killed by 125, 250, 500, 800, 1000 and 300 Gy, respectively. Results of probit analysis, the values of lethal dose (LD50) and different stages of the pest: 84.82, 412.12, 207.55, 243.44, 278.95, and 239.88 Gy, respectively, were estimated. The results of direct pest irradiation and pest-infested pomegranates were the same. Therefore, by irradiating pomegranate fruit with a dose of 1000 Gy, all stages of the pest inside and outside the fruit are destroyed. The influence of gamma radiation of 1000 and 2000 Gy on the qualitative properties of pomegranate fruit was also determined in the present study. Results showed that there were no significant differences between irradiated and non-irradiated pomegranates in terms of weight loss percentage, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solid, titratable acidity, ferric reducing ability power and the amount of total protein. However, anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity and soluble protein content showed a significant decrease with increasing irradiation dose. In addition, electrolyte leakage increased in pomegranate peel as gamma radiation dose increased. Based on all of the obtained results, the dose of 1000 Gy was an effective dose for eliminating carob moth in harvested pomegranates because it did not show any negative effects on most of the qualitative parameters or its effect was lower than higher doses.
... The reducing power of the ethanol extracts of Cuminum cyminum, Syzygium aromaticum, Bunium bulbocastanum, Elettaria cardamomum, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Piper nigrum was determined by slightly modified method [50] . One mL of each of the ethanol extract such as Cuminum cyminum, Syzygium aromaticum, Bunium bulbocastanum, Elettaria cardamomum, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Piper nigrum in different concentrations (20-120 µg/mL) was mixed with phosphate buffer (1 mL, 0.2 M, pH 6.6) and potassium ferricyanide [K3Fe (CN)6] (1 mL, 1% w/v). ...
... Two methods were used to determine the antimicrobial activities of dill leaf extracts, namely disc diffusion test (Gulcin 2003) and direct inhibition test (Ramdas 1998) with slight modification. Meanwhile, to investigate the antioxidant activities, three tests were used, i.e. ferric reducing antioxidant power (Oyaizu 1986), ferric thiocyanate test (FTC) by Osawa and Namiki (1981) and thiobarbituric acid test (TBA) by Kikuzaki and Nakatani (1993). ...
... The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 acid (ABTS) were conducted to determine the antioxidant activity according to Tumbas Šaponjac et al. [52]. Additionally, in order to obtain the whole image of antioxidant activity, the reduction power (RP) assay was the third assay, and determination was done using the recommendations of Oyaizu [53]. ...
The purpose of this study was to obtain additional value of hydrolates (HYs), by-products during essential oil distillation. Chemical compositions of angelica and hop hydrolates were determined and compared with the corresponding essential oils, and their biological potential tested. Steam distilled essential oils and hydrolates were analyzed by GC-MS, and their biological potential was tested for antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and reduction power) and antimicrobial activities (against nine bacteria and fungi). Hydrolates were additionally tested for allelopathic activity (on corn and redroot pigweed). The investigated essential oils have totally different volatile profiles and aromas in comparison to hydrolates. The most dominant constituents in the angelica essential oil were limonene, β-phellandrene, α-pinene, α-phellandrene and δ-3-carene, while in the hydrolate it was trans-verbenol. In the hop essential oil the most dominant constituents were myrcene and α-humulene, while in the hydrolate isovaleric acid and linalool were dominant. Angelica essential oil showed higher antioxidant activity in comparison with hop, while hydrolates displayed significantly lower antioxidant activity. Low antimicrobial potential of both essential oils was observed in the case of Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Antimicrobial activity was not detected in neither of the two hydrolates. In terms of allelopathic activity, hydrolates showed a dose-dependent decreasing activity on germination and seedling growth of corn and redroot pigweed. Angelica and hop essential oils are mainly used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries because of their aroma. Hydrolates, as by-products, possess potential for application in agriculture as natural herbicides.
Graphical Abstract
... The power of the extract and fractions of A. melegueta to reduce ferric ions was investigated using the experimental procedure of Oyaizu, (1986). One milliliter of the extract and fractions at various concentrations (15.63-500 µg/mL) were incubated for 20 min at 50 ºC in sodium phosphate buffer (0.2 M) containing potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) (1%). ...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a major public health concern and the fifth major cause of death among the aging population globally. In this study, the total phenols and flavonoids contents (TPC and TFC) and in vitro antioxidant actions of the methanol extract and the various fractions of Aframomum melegueta were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity (NO), lipid peroxidation (TBARS) activity and ferric reducing power assay (FRAP). Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activities of the two most potent fractions were investigated, and the phytochemicals identified in the ethyl acetate fraction, which had the best antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory effects were subjected to chemoinformatics studies. The extract and its fraction had high amounts of TPC and TFC. The ethyl acetate fraction exerted the best DPPH, NO, TBARS, and FRAP inhibition with IC50 values of 5.06, 6.58, 2.12, and 88.73 µg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions inhibited AChE (IC5016.83 and 11.67 µg/mL) and BuChE (IC50 7.54 and5.21 µg/mL) enzymatic activities more than the standard inhibitor, rivastigmine which had 11.99 and 11.40 µg/mL IC50 values, respectively. A total of 18 compounds were identified, and kaempferol was the major component, with 40.01 µg/g (30%). More strikingly, the top-scoring compounds (catechin, and kaempferol) exhibited good binding affinity, and interacted favorably with amino acids residues around and within the active sites of AChE and BuChE and also obeyed drug-likeness rules, and did not show a tendency towards toxicity when placed side by side with rivastigmine which is immunogenic. Thus, A. melegueta seeds contain safe bioactive chemicals, which could be a veritable remedy for managing Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases.
... The DPPH radical scavenging activity analysis was performed at an absorbance of 516 nm in a UV-Visible spectrophotometer following an official procedure detailed by Brand-Williams et al. [23] while the DPPH value was measured using Trolox as a standard, and results were reported as μmol TE/100g, calculated from a calibration curve (y = − 0.4581x + 0.7284, R 2 = 0.9967). The FRAP was measured as detailed by Oyaizu et al. [24]. The results were reported in μmol TE/100 g, calculated from a calibration curve, y = 1.4290x + 0.6341 while R 2 = 0.9932. ...
Germination is a cheap and effective bioprocessing technique used for improvement of the nutritional, physicochemical and health-promoting properties of seeds. The benefits of germination on two fonio varieties (Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua) have not been studied. This study investigated the nutritional and physicochemical changes in two varieties of fonio germinated for 24, 48 and 72 h at 28 °C. The antioxidant, protein and starch digestibility, functional, pasting, and thermal properties were also determined. Germination over time (24, 48, 72 h) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the protein, ash, total dietary fiber, majority of the amino acids, minerals, protein digestibility, resistant starch, total phenolics and antioxidant activities while phytic acid, tannin, saponin and digestible starch contents decreased in both varieties. Germination significantly increased water and oil absorption capacity, and slightly modified pasting and thermal characteristics while bulk density decreased in both varieties. The principal component analysis revealed germination time to be the key determinant in the physicochemical, nutritional, and techno-functional characteristics of fonio rather than variety, with raw and 24 h germinated grains having similar attributes. The study established that germination improved the nutritional, antioxidant, and techno-functional properties of Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua, which can serve as novel food ingredients for product development.
... Ferric reducing antioxidant power of the extracts was determined according to the method of Oyaizu (1986). Different concentrations of broccoli powder, ostrich nuggets which contained broccoli powder extracts and BHA nuggets were mixed with 2.5 ml of phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.6) and 2.5 ml of 1% (w/v) potassium ferricyanide in 10 ml test tubes. ...
Natural antioxidants are in great demand today due to both consumer preference and health concerns associated with the use of synthetic antioxidants, so this study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant compounds in broccoli powder (Bp) and to evaluate it as a source of natural antioxidants in ostrich nuggets production. The effect of addition of the Bp at different levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) on the most important of quality criteria (chemical composition, physical and sensory attributes) of ostrich nuggets compared with control and BHA (150 mg/kg) nuggets was investigated. Oxidative activity of Bp and ostrich nuggets contained Bp was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging , ABTS and ferric reducing power methods. The increased Bp levels resulted in a significant (p < 0.0) increase in ash and crude fiber and a decrease in the percentage of moisture, crude protein and fat. Bp had high amounts of polyphenols, flavonoid and glucosinolates (17.955, 56.56 and 9.15 mg/g, respectively). Broccoli powder was found to delay lipid peroxidation of ostrich nuggets as measured by TBA number, ostrich nuggets contained Bp (8%) has lower TBA value than control and BHA nuggets. Incorporation of broccoli powder resulted in significant decrease in cooking loss and shrinkage of ostrich nuggets and significantly (p < 0.05) increased in cooking yield compared with control and BHA nuggets. The results indicated that ostrich nuggets contained Bp at 8% has high antioxidant activity (DPPH%, ABTS % or reducing power) which was higher than the control sample and BHA nuggets. Sensory evaluation of ostrich nuggets indicated that all addition levels were well accepted in all organoleptic properties as compared to control sample. Consequently, it could be concluded that broccoli powder might be used instead of synthetic antioxidants, as the addition of broccoli powder up to 8% had no adverse effect on the organoleptic properties or without affecting the acceptability of ostrich nuggets. Thiobarbituric acid value and sensory attributes of ostrich nuggets was lower (p 0.05) than control throughout the refrigerated storage at 4ºC for 15 day. It can be concluded that broccoli powder as a natural source of antioxidants can be recommended to increase the shelf life of food products containing fats and oils, which is safe and can impart health benefits to the consumer.
... To determine the reducing power of BplzC, we used the method described by (Oyaizu 1986). Briefly, different concentrations of BplzC (0.5-20 µg) in 0.5 mL of distilled water were mixed with 200 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) and 1% (w/v) potassium ferricyanide. ...
In this study, we evaluated the independent anticancer properties of a novel heat-stable lysozyme derived from the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus paralicheniformis (BplzC) to identify potential alternative therapies to address the suboptimal outcomes of current cancer treatments. Using the String 10.5 database, an in-silico protein–protein interaction study predicted that BplzC was a strong functional partner of cytochrome c, indicating a potential role in cancer cell apoptosis. Further, the HDOCK server predicted that BplzC strongly bound to cell death receptors, such as cytokines FAS receptor, leading to activation of cytochrome c and subsequent apoptosis in the cancer cell line. In vitro assays demonstrated uniform apoptotic activity of BplzC against various cancer cell lines, while showing no apoptotic activity against normal non-cancer cell lines. And showing no apoptotic activity against normal non-cancer cell lines suggested a very specific mode of action and without any adverse side effects. Additionally, BplzC exhibited ROS scavenging activity and reducing ability comparable to ascorbic acid, and significantly accelerated HEK293 cell migration. Our findings suggest that BplzC has specific cytotoxic effects on cancer cells and may be a valuable natural source of antioxidants for future use in the nutritional and pharmaceutical sectors.
... Readings of the coloured solution of the standard and the sample were then taken at 593 nm. The concentration of FRAP content in the extract was reported as mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g extract (Oyaizu, 1986). ...
This study evaluated the bioactive compounds present in the dichloromethane leaf extracts of Ficus trichocarpa and Lasianthera africana and also assessed the antioxidant activities of the same leaf extracts. The plant materials were washed under running water to remove foreign matters, air-dried at ambient temperatures under a shade for up to 2 weeks, and afterwards pulverized into coarse powders. The bioactive compounds were analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) while the antioxidant activities were assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, and hydroxyl radical assay. The results of phytochemical content showed that the leaves are rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids and non-flavonoid phenolics. Quantitatively, alkaloids were the most abundant secondary metabolites (55.73%) present in the leaf of F. trichocarpa. On the other hand, terpenes were the most abundant secondary metabolites present in the leaf of L. Africana (55.45%). The results of antioxidant assay revealed that both F. trichocarpa and L. africana leaves exhibited high antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner: 69.52% and 52.08% respectively at 100 μg/ml for DPPH scavenging activities; 73.18% and 65.65 % respectively at 200 μg/ml for FRAP assay; and (86.25% and 67.08 % respectively at 200μg/ml for hydroxyl radical activities. In conclusion, the dichloromethane leaf extracts of F. trichocarpa and L. africana are rich in secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids and non-flavonoid phenolics. The leaf extracts also have high antioxidant property.
... The iron chelating activity was measured using a modified version of the technique reported by Benzie and Strain (Benzie and Strain, 1996) based on the principle relying on the development of a [Fe2 + ]-O-phenanthroline complex disrupted by chelating agents. FeCl 3 reducing power ability of SAF-CFE was measured by established method previously employed by Oyaizu, 1986. Alkaline dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) method approached by Pandey et al (2005) was employed to measure the superoxide radical scavenging activity of SAF-CFE (Pandey et al., 2005). ...
This research investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Purple Devil fruit's chloroform extract (SAF-CFE) using LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells and in-vivo histamine-and carrageenan-induced paw edema models as well as membrane stabilization model. Writhing and licking tests for nociception and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTHR) for immunomodulation were accomplished. SwissADME, ProTox-II, and PASS tests assessed a ligand-receptor binding affinity, and network-pharmacological tests explored the modu-latory linked-genes. The MCF-7 cells were strongly inhibited by SAF-CFE, which reduced LPS-induced PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression. The upregulation of proapoptotic (p53 and Bax) and downregulation of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) genes were observed by SAF-CFE. It significantly reduced inflammatory indexes in anti-inflammatory models. Tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate, a natural biometabolite from SAF-CFE, had the highest target receptor-binding and drug-likeness; while NOS2, PTGER1, TRPV1, HMGCR, and TBXAS1 hub genes were highly modulated by the SAF-CFE. The results demonstrate that SAF-CFE could be a functional food source for anti-inflammatory action.
... The method of Oyaizu [18] was used to calculate the iron reduction potential of EOGP. Importantly, 200 µL of EOGP at varying concentrations (0.001-1 mg/mL) was combined with 500 µL of phosphate buffer of pH = 6.6 (0.2 M) and 500 µL of K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]. ...
Juniperus phoenicea (L.) is a medicinal plant that has been used in phytotherapy as a treatment of certain pathological infections. In this context, the present work aimed to valorize the essential oil of J. phoenicea seeds (EOGP) by studying its chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The EOGP was extracted by use of hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography (GC–MS). The antioxidant power was evaluated by three methods (TAC, DPPH, and FRAP). The antimicrobial power was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6633), Escherichia coli (K12), Bacillus subtilis (DSM6333), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC29906), Candida albicans (ATCC10231), Aspergillus niger (MTCC282), Aspergillus flavus (MTCC9606), and Fusarium oxysporum (MTCC9913). The GC/MS results revealed a total identification of 99.98% with a dominance of carvacrol (39.81%) followed by p-cymen-3-ol (34.44%) and o-cymene (13.60%). Findings showed that EOGP exhibited important antioxidant power as IC50 was determined to be 26 µg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, while EC50 was 216.34 µg/mL for ferric reducing antioxidant power and total antioxidant capacity was 720 mg AAE/g. The antimicrobial power on solid medium revealed that the inhibition diameters ranged from 11.30 ± 0.58 to 20 mm for the bacterial strains and from 9.33 ± 0.57 to 54.43 ± 0.29 mm for fungi. Notably, minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 18 to 19 µg/mL for bacterial strains and from 5.04 to 10.09 µg/mL for fungal strains. Overall, our results demonstrated the importance of EOGP as a source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial medicines against clinically relevant pathogenic strains.
... The reducing power capacity of the fractions and crude extract was evaluated as earlier described by Oyaizu (1986). Ascorbic acid was used as standard. ...
Oxidative stress is associated with the generation of excess free radicals and reduction in the levels of antioxidant enzymes. It is also implicated in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. Cymbopogon citratus, commonly called 'lemon grass,' is widely distributed in the tropics and it is known for its therapeutic applications. In this study, the antioxidant activities of the crude ethanol extract of Cymbopogon citratus and its fractions were determined using total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Fe 3+ reducing ability, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The phytocomponents were determined through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and lipid peroxidation was induced in rat colon homogenate. TFC and TPC were highest in the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) > crude extract (CE) > ethanol fraction (EF) > chloroform fraction (CF). Both DPPH scavenging activity and Fe 3+ reducing ability exhibited similar trend; EAF > EF > CF > CE. In addition, the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation in rat colon is as follows; EAF> CF > CE > EF. The EAF and CF of the ethanol extract of C. citratus contain most of the compounds that could be responsible for its activity against reactive oxygen species.
... The reducing power (RP) of the extracts was determined based on M. Oyaizu [1986] with minor modifications. The chloroform and methanol extracts in varied (0.01-0.05 mg/ml) concentrations were prepared in 0.2M phosphate buffer (pH 6.6), 1% potassium ferrocyanide (2.5 ml) was added and the mixture, incubated at 50°C for 20 min. ...
This study documents the antioxidant and functional properties of pasture legumes belonging to the genus Canavalia DC., which occur in coastal sand dunes and mangroves in southwest India. The organs of these legumes possess adequate bioactive components such as total phenolics, tannin, flavonoids and vitamin
C. These components were higher in methanol than in chloroform extracts. The total antioxidant activity was higher in chloroform extract than in methanol extract, while it was the opposite for reducing power. The ferrous ion-chelating capacity of C. cathartica was higher in chloroform than in methanol extract, while it was reversed for C. rosea. The DPPH radical-scavenging activities were higher in chloroform than in methanol extract. The bulk density was highest in C. cathartica for mangroves with the least gelation capacity. The water absorption capacity was highest in C. cathartica from the coastal sand dunes, while the oil-absorption capacity was highest in C. cathartica from the mangroves. The foam capacity as well as emulsion stability was highest in C. cathartica from the coastal sand dunes, while foam stability and emulsion stability were almost the same in all Canavalia spp. Given the high content of minerals, bioactive components and functional properties, seaside Canavalia spp. can serve as a valuable feed for livestock.
Keywords: Canavalia, coastal areas, dunes, fodder, mangroves, pasture, xeric soils
... The reducing power activity test was performed by performing with minor modifications to the method reported by (Oyaizu M.,1986). Stock solutions (1 mg/mL) of extracts and standards were prepared for the test. ...
Plants belonging to the Fabaceae family have great importance in animal nutrition and the protection of human health (antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular). Onobrychis, known as a potent antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial agent, its high phenolic substance is one of the important genera of this family. In this study, chloroform (OAC), ethanol (OAE), and water (OAW) extract of Onobrychis argyrea subsp. argyrea (O. argyrea) specie was prepared; and the antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities were investigated. The antiproliferative effects of the extracts were evaluated on different cancer cell lines by XTT colourimetric method. OAE demonstrated the most excellent efficacy against all cell lines, according to the findings. MCF-7 83.71%, A549 92.14%, and HT-29 72.24% were all inhibited. The antimicrobial activity of OAE and OAW extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pneumoniae was determined using the disc-diffusion technique. Finally, antioxidant power was determined using DPPH and FRAP methods. In the DPPH research, OAE and OAW extracts showed the highest levels of inhibition (IC50: 34.12±0.2 and 21.58±0.12, respectively). OAE (257.95±1.40) and OAW (282.14±0.83) extracts showed high activity with similar results in the FRAP method. Total phenolic content was determined as 226.15±1.89 mg GAE/g for OAE and 146.52±0.71 mg GAE/g for OAW, respectively. These results show that the species is an essential source of antioxidants. These studies are the first data for Onobrychis argyrea subsp. argyrea. All these results show that the plant has various biological activities and rich secondary metabolites.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolomic profiling and antioxidant activity of olive leaves in three varieties (K18, improved Napali and Galat) growing under the same environmental conditions in Aljouf region in Saudi Arabia. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry coupled with multivariate data analysis (MVDA) were used to evaluate the metabolomics and antioxidant activity of the varieties under evaluation. MVDA discriminated the three varieties into three distinct groups based on their metabolomic profiling by spectrophotometer and HPLC analyses. The first group included the variety of K18 characterized with higher content of total phenolics, total tannins, salicylic acid and luteolin-4-glucoside. The second group included Improved Napali and characterized with higher content of total flavonols, total anthocyanins, naringenin and quercetin. The third group included Galat and characterized with higher content of total saponins, total flavonoids, luteolin, luteolin-7-glucoside, caffeic acid and oleuropein. All the three varieties showed very high reducing power (RP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity and consequently very low IC 50. Galat and K18 showed higher contents of bioactive secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity than improved
The demand for organic vegetables is increasing worldwide, which has led to the growth of organic agriculture. However, information on chemical composition and antioxidant activity in vegetables grown organically under controlled conditions remains uncertain. For this study, 3 vegetables widely consumed in Brazil were cultivated in controlled organic and conventional cultivation systems: lettuce, coriander and tomato. Their chemical composition, mineral concentration, phenolic compound content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity (AA) were evaluated. The analyses of chemical and mineral composition revealed differences between the cultivation systems. Organic lettuce presented higher content of ashes, calcium and potassium. A higher content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was observed in most organic vegetables. Using the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the organic tomato exhibited higher AA compared to conventional, while the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method showed higher AA for organic coriander and tomato than theirs conventional version. The correlation between bioactive compounds and AA was positive, higher and stronger for organic vegetables, considering phenolic compounds (including flavonoids) and DPPH or FRAP antioxidant activity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) disclosed that organic lettuce and coriander were grouped according bioactive components. In general, organic vegetables showed better results for bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.
In the current study, the enzymatic flower extracts of Cynara cardunculus L. var. sylvestris and Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis used as coagulants in cheese production were phytochemically and biologically analysed. Chemical composition analysis of these extracts revealed appreciable quantities of proteins, free amino acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and condensed tannins. The antioxidant potential of the two Cynara cardunculus L. ( C . cardunculus ) varieties extracts was evidenced in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, ferric and cupric reducing capacity, ferrous and copper chelating capacity and ß carotene–linoleic acid bleaching inhibition assays. In addition, the two extracts also displayed an interesting anti-enzymatic effects, as assessed in angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (588.72–619.20 µg/mL) and α-amylase inhibitory (468.19-567.28 µg/mL) activities. Overall, the results of our study indicate that the two C. cardunculus varieties could be regarded as a rich source of biologically active compounds, opening thus the perspectives for their future large scale cultivation and valorization as vegetable rennet and bio-functional ingredients with putative antioxidant and anti-enzymatic effects.
This investigation aimed to characterize the green synthesized selenium nanoparticles using Sonchus maritimus L. extract and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Moreover, acute toxicity of nanoparticles was performed in Wistar rats. The synthesis of SeNPs was confirmed by Ultraviolet-visible, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. Antioxidant activities of S. maritimus and SmE-SeNPs were determined by DPPH and FRAP assays. Antibacterial activities were tested against Gram positive and negative pathogen bacteria. The SEM results showed that SeNPs had a spherule-like structure reaching up to 26.48 nm. In addition, S. maritimus and SmE-SeNPs had DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power. SeNPs exhibited activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The intraperitoneal toxicity test of SeNPs showed no mortality and minor behavioral variations. In conclusion, S. maritimus can be considered as biocatalyst stabilizers for the biosynthesis of SeNPs which might be used in several applications due to their biological efficiency.
A large amount of waste, especially the outer part of citrus fruits (peel), is generated after consuming the pulp and it remains unused. The valorisation of this waste by recovering its bioactive compounds seems interesting. The aim of this study was to find the optimal conditions using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) that yield the highest carotenoid content and better antioxidant activity from Citrus reticulata Blanco peels.
Response surface methodology (RSM) through Box–Behnken experimental design was used to optimise the conditions for carotenoid extraction using UAE. Hexane concentration, temperature, and sonication time were selected as the main factors.
The results revealed that all independent variables affected the responses. The optimal UAE conditions for hexane concentration, temperature, and sonication time were 60.76%, 36.45 °C, and 37.32 min, respectively. The values of total carotenoid content (TCC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) obtained by UAE were higher than those obtained by the maceration extraction method.
It can be concluded that the medium and extraction parameters, including hexane concentration, temperature, and sonication time, significantly influenced the recovery of carotenoids and antioxidant activity. The optimisation study allowed determining the appropriate conditions to maximise both responses. Compared to conventional maceration, the UAE method was superior and more efficient for extracting carotenoids from C. reticulata Blanco peels.
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