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ChemInform Abstract: THE CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF OLEFINS, VIII. NAKED NICKEL AS A CATALYST FOR THE TRANSALKYLATION OF ALUMINUM TRIALKYLS WITH α-OLEFINS
Abstract
Untersuchungen zeigen, daß Ni(O)-Olefin-Komplexe wie Tris-[ethylenl-NKO), Tris-[lgicyclohepten]-Ni(0), allMans-Cyclododecatrien-Ni(0), Tris-[stilbenl-NKO) und Bis-[cyclooc- 49 tadien]-Ni(0) äußerst aktive homogene Katalysatoren für die Umalkylierung von Al-trialkylen mit α-Olefinen sind.
It is of considerable interest to prepare weakly ligated, labile ligand (WLLL) nanoparticles for applications in areas such as chemical catalysis. WLLL nanoparticles can be defined as nanoparticles with sufficient, albeit minimal, surface ligands of moderate binding strength to meta-stabilize nanoparticles, initial stabilizer ligands that can be readily replaced by other, desired, more strongly coordinating ligands and removed completely when desired. Herein, we describe WLLL nanoparticles prepared from [Ir(1,5-COD)Cl]2 reduction under H2, in acetone. The results suggest that H⁺Cl⁻-stabilized Ir(0)n nanoparticles, herein Ir(0)n·(H⁺Cl⁻)a, serve as a WLLL nanoparticle for the preparation of, as illustrative examples, five specific nanoparticle products: Ir(0)n·(Cl⁻Bu3NH⁺)a, Ir(0)n·(Cl⁻Dodec3NH⁺)a, Ir(0)n·(POct3)0.2n(Cl⁻H⁺)b, Ir(0)n·(POct3)0.2n, and the Î-Al2O3-supported heterogeneous catalyst, Ir(0)n·(Î-Al2O3)a(Cl⁻H⁺)b. (where a and b vary for the differently ligated nanoparticles; in addition, solvent can be present as a nanoparticle surface ligand). With added POct3 as a key, prototype example, an important feature is that a minimum, desired, experimentally determinable amount of ligand (e.g., just 0.2 equiv POct3 per mole of Ir) can be added, which is shown to provide sufficient stabilization that the resultant Ir(0)n·(POct3)0.2n(Cl⁻H⁺)b is isolable. Additionally, the initial labile ligand stabilizer HCl can be removed to yield Ir(0)n·(POct3)0.2n that is >99% free of Cl⁻ by a AgCl precipitation test. The results provide strong support for the weakly ligated, labile ligand nanoparticle concept and specific support for Ir(0)n·(H⁺Cl⁻)a as a WLLL nanoparticle.
Nickel(0)-olefin complexes such as tris(ethylene)nickel(0) (4), tris(bicycloheptene)nickel(0) (6 ), all-transcyclododecatriene)nickel(0) (26), tris(stilbene)nickel(0) (27) and bis(cyclooctadiene) nickel(0) (23) are highly active homogeneous catalysts for the transalkylation of aluminium trialkyls with α-olefins. After com pletion of the reaction the nickel(O) can be rem oved in the form of Ni(CO)4 by reaction with CO. Characteristic for the catalytic reaction is the formation of olefin-nickel-π-bonds and Ni -C -Al multi-centre-bonds. The mechanism o f the reaction is discussed with the help of m odels.
THE CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF OLEFINS, VIII. NAKED NICKEL AS A CATALYST FOR THE TRANSALKYLATION OF ALUMINUM TRIALKYLS WITH α-OLEFINS
- FISCHER