The preoccupations of Althusser’s writing during this early period remain philosophical: the elaboration of conceptions of knowledge, of science and its contrast with ideology, of dialectics, totality and historical causality. These philosophical ideas and themes are, as we have seen, set to work in an attempted periodisation of Marx’s work. This periodisation represents Marx’s work as divided by an ‘epistemological break’ through which a scientific approach to historical analysis emerges from the critical rejection of an earlier historicist and humanist philosophical perspective.