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Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Abstract
Chapter 2 defines humanitarian logistics. Section 1 underlines the crucial role of logistics and supply chain management in the humanitarian context; it identifies the main categories of disasters and describes disaster-relief operations. Section 2 delineates the phases that constitute the disaster management cycle; in particular, it identifies the specific phase of the humanitarian logistics stream that demand agile and lean principles. Section 3 indicates the different key actors in the humanitarian system, and it describes their role in disaster relief, underlining the complexity of humanitarian supply chain relationships. The chapter provides the reader with a brief introduction on the key concepts of humanitarian logistics and supply chain management, and underlines the complexity of an emergency relief operation.
... The response phase begins immediately after the disaster occurs and aims to alleviate the suffering of affected people. Finally, the recovery phase aims to recover and/or improve the community's functioning [21]. • Decision-making level: Divided into three levels-strategic, tactical, and operational. ...
... Finally, the mitigation and recovery phases are the least studied, each contributing only 9% of the total articles. The mitigation phase aims to reduce the risks and threats associated with disasters through proactive strategies [21]. An example is the study by [28], which evaluates investments in projects to increase disaster resilience in communities. ...
... Recovery 9% The mitigation phase aims to reduce the risks and threats associated with disasters through proactive strategies [21]. An example is the study by [28], which evaluates investments in projects to increase disaster resilience in communities. ...
Background: Disasters have caused suffering across the world throughout history. Different types of disaster events can manifest themselves in different ways, originating from natural phenomena, human actions and their interconnected interactions. In recent years, organizations in charge of disaster management have faced a series of challenges in humanitarian logistics, leading to an increasing consideration of the use of models of prioritization, in most multi-criteria models, to define the best alternatives for more assertive and strategic decision-making. Methods: This article aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the application of prioritization models in humanitarian logistics. To this end, an analysis was carried out of 40 articles, indexed in the Scopus or Web of Science databases. Results: The descriptive analysis revealed that the majority of applications are aimed at dealing with sudden-onset natural-induced disasters. However, there are still gaps in relevant areas, such as addressing inventory management problems at a tactical decision level. Conclusions: The development of prioritization models necessitates the integration of various methodologies, combining optimization models with multi-criteria decision analysis to yield superior outcomes. It is advised to incorporate four distinct criteria—efficiency, effectiveness, equity, and sustainability—to ensure a comprehensive assessment of the decision-making process.
... Disaster management is often described as a process composed of several stages: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery (Cozzolino, 2012;Leiras et al., 2014). In this study, we will focus on the response stage in which humanitarian organisations need to quickly distribute relief items to the affected people when a disaster strikes (Besiou et al., 2018;Jola-Sanchez et al., 2016). ...
... In this study, we will focus on the response stage in which humanitarian organisations need to quickly distribute relief items to the affected people when a disaster strikes (Besiou et al., 2018;Jola-Sanchez et al., 2016). According to Cozzolino (2012), the response phase has two main goals (Cozzolino, 2012). The first goal is to immediately respond by activating the temporary networks; which is described as the immediate response stage. ...
... In this study, we will focus on the response stage in which humanitarian organisations need to quickly distribute relief items to the affected people when a disaster strikes (Besiou et al., 2018;Jola-Sanchez et al., 2016). According to Cozzolino (2012), the response phase has two main goals (Cozzolino, 2012). The first goal is to immediately respond by activating the temporary networks; which is described as the immediate response stage. ...
In times of armed conflicts, various security checkpoints are placed by authorities to control the flow of merchandise into and within areas of conflicts. The flow of humanitarian trucks that is added to regular flow of commercial trucks together with the complex security procedures create congestion and long waiting times at the security checkpoints. This causes distribution costs to increase and shortages of relief-aid to the affected civil people to occur. The present study proposes a decision-support tool to assist planners and policymakers in building efficient plans for the distribution of relief-aid, taking into account congestion at security checkpoints. The proposed tool is built around a multi-item humanitarian distribution planning model which has as objective to minimise distribution and backordering costs subject to capacity constraints that reflect congestion effects using nonlin-ear clearing functions. Using the 2014 Gaza war as a case study, we illustrate the application of the proposed tool, model the underlying relief-aid humanitarian supply chain, estimate clearing functions at different security checkpoints, and conduct computational experiments. Our results show that taking congestion into account in distribution planning reduces average lead times, backorders, and distribution costs. ARTICLE HISTORY
... In fact, building a robust HL system is the first step in the process of effectively responding for a disaster (Shafiq and Soratana, 2019). Therefore, HL play an important role in the management of the response supply chain (Cozzolino, 2012). This means that the success or failure of emergency operations can be determined by logistics efficient management since aid, relief efficiency, and speed all depend on logistics deployment efficiency (Agostinho, 2013). ...
... HL include activities such as procurement, storage, fleet management, materials handling, and transportation (Overstreet et al., 2011), evacuation of personnel, and management of resource, facilities, security, and communication (Khan et al., 2019). Successful HL operations mean fewer losses, more saving of lives, stopping or minimizing deterioration, and rapid recovery (Thiruchelvam, et al., 2018;Agostinho, 2013;Cozzolino, 2012;Shafiq and Soratana, 2019;Apte, 2009;Paciarotti et al., 2021). Notably, HL is the core concept of relief operations. ...
... This result is consistent with the previous studies. Koseoglu & Yıldırımlı (2015) and Cozzolino (2012). These studied confirmed the fact that the preparedness stage is the most crucial and critical part of HL because a poor preparedness state could increase the potential complexity in the response phase. ...
This paper aims to investigate the factors affecting the operations and efficiency of Humanitarian Logistics (HL) through its three main phases of preparedness, response, and recovery in the developing country context of Palestine. A quantitative research methodology using a survey instrument was employed in this study through which data were collected from 108 HL offices in government, NGOs, and other private logistics institutions operating in Palestine. Data were analyzed for its empirical significance on SPSS V21.0 using Pearson Correlation coefficient test. The results show that the most influential factor on efficiency of preparedness phase was "planning for logistics operations", whereas the most influential factors on response and recovery phases were "logistics technical operations" and "logistics, governmental, organizational and infrastructure issues", respectively. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between factors of preparedness phase and efficiency of both response and recovery phases, and between factors of response phase and efficiency of recovery phase. This study provides valuable insights for HL organizations, NGOs, and policymakers on factors required to enhance efficiency and overall performance of HL management in Palestine and other developing country context with similar political and economic challenges.
... The stakeholders involved in disaster management include military and paramilitary forces, contributors, and government and nongovernment organizations, who have to cooperate and collaborate with people from different cultures and ethnic groups (Cozzolino, 2012). Availability of scientific knowledge and appropriate information is mandatory for decision-making, clear assessment, and formulation of appropriate measures (Zhou et al., 2020). ...
... Based on the intensity of the pandemic, the number of players involved in the preparedness and operation vary. Thispredominantly involvehealthcare providers and administrators, experts, logistics organizations, government and NGOs, communities in the villages, and ethnic groups (Cozzolino, 2012). Many countries carried outexercises to identify the gaps and problems involved in adopting an efficient swift response strategy to address the pandemic aftermath. ...
The natural and manmade disasters impact a society with loss of assets and human lives. Disasters leavepeople in vulnerable conditions and an overall economic slowdown is observed. The impact of disasters is highly complex and multidimensional in nature. It becomes imperative to handle the complexity of issues with comprehensive approach. Managing disasters effectively is one of the important challenges any government faces when it tries to be prepared with appropriate mitigation, rescue, and relief strategies. The unexpected nature and urgency related to Disaster Risk Reduction makes it important and relevant to involvemultistakeholders. This will help to bring down the severity and impact of the disaster on human lives and losses. Disaster Risk Reductionrequires meticulous planning and sharing of the responsibility among multistakeholders through networking so as to bring down the severity and minimize the negative impact of a disaster. Many research studies have suggested the multistakeholder approach in addressing the disasters. There are several gaps such as inefficiency of vertical management to deal the issues, involvement of multiple stakeholders, and lack of local public supportfor disaster. This paper, considering the case of COVID-19 as a pandemic and disaster, discusses the importance of multistakeholder participation. The paper presents an extensive review of the papers on the relevance ofparticipation of multistakeholdersin Disaster Risk Reduction and explores the scope and challenges involved and suggests policies to address the disasters, which utilizes Multistakeholder Participation.
... The processes of HOs" Logistics and Supply Chain Management (HO-LSCM) are almost same to the processes of corporate logistics and supply chain management, however manufacturing of goods is not a part of the processes of HO-LSCM. The term supply chain management has been defined by the Council of Supply Chain Management (CSCM) as the "integration of supply and demand management within and across the companies and stakeholders", while the term logistics management (HLM) is defined as "moving of goods, information, and services from point of origin to final destination" (Cooper, Lambert, & Pagh, 1997;Cozzolino, 2012). The Fritz Institute, a humanitarian logistics services specialist organization has defined Humanitarian Logistics Management as "the process of planning, implementing and controlling an efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of goods, materials, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for alleviating the suffering of vulnerable people". ...
... The customer value in HOs varies with the nature of the operation. For example, in emergency relief operations, the customer"s value is "time" (quick delivery of supplies and services), whereas, in normal relief operations the customer value is "cost and time" (delivery of services to maximize the number of people helped at a minimal cost) (Cozzolino, 2012). ...
Humanitarian organizations (HOs) are often under pressure from stakeholders to utilize their funds efficiently. Adoption of Lean Management (LM) practices is often an effective way to increase efficiency in the utilization of financial and tangible resources. HOs intending to adopt LM must have certain practices in place before implementation of LM. This research developed a framework to measure the readiness of an HO to adopt LM in logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) system because LSCM is considered to be the most expensive part of HOs operations. The Humanitarian Organization Lean Management Readiness Assessment (HOLMRA) framework has been developed through in-depth interviews with supply chain management professionals in HOs in combination with a detailed review of the relevant literature. The literature review establishes the great value of LM in any organization. Seven factors are found to be the most relevant critical success factors (CSFs) for measuring the HOs readiness to adopt LM. The seven CSFs are: processes management, planning and control management, donor and community relationship management, supplier relationship management, top management, human resource management and communication management. CSFs assessment is associated with LM techniques. Based on discussions with HOs professionals, 7 CSFs and 35 LM elements were subsequently synthesised into the HOLMRA framework. Adoption of the HOLMRA framework provides efficient use of resources for HOs. The seven CSFs identified for assessment of HOs supply chain operations are: Process Management, Planning and Control Management, Donor and Community Relationship Management, Supplier Relationship Management, Human Resource Management, Communication Management, and Leadership Management. Each of these CSFs in turn consists of key Lean Elements. CSFs and their respective Lean Elements, explained and demonstrated with practical examples from the field, form a solid framework for understanding and assessing LM readiness in HOs supply chain operations.
... One of the important goals is to ensure that aid reaches the victims in the shortest time possible. Logistics can be considered crucial to differentiate between successful and failed relief operations (Cozzolino, 2012). Disaster management requires complex logistical activities due to the lack of available resources at the disaster site. ...
... Demand uncertainty, logistics distribution delay, and high distribution costs are three problems. Therefore, previous researchers researched and looked for solutions to these three (Altay & Green, 2006;Apte, 2009;Christopher & Towill, 2002;Cozzolino et al., 2012;Dubey et al., 2020;Dubey & Gunasekaran, 2015;Frennesson et al., 2021;Ghorbani & Ramezanian, 2020;Jahre, Pazirandeh, & Van Wassenhove, 2016;Karuppiah et al., 2021;Kovács & Spens, 2009;L'Hermitte et al., 2016;Lu et al., 2019;Negi & Negi, 2021;Oloruntoba & Gray, 2006;Oloruntoba & Kovács, 2015;Rasyidi & Kusumastuti, 2020;Schulz & Blecken, 2010;Shafiq & Soratana, 2019;Taylor & Pettit, 2009;Tofighi et al., 2016;Upadhyay et al., 2020;Van Wassenhove, 2006) 23 ...
Logistics distribution problems in responding to disasters have triggered numerous studies on humanitarian logistics (HL) and humanitarian supply chain management (HSCM). This is indicated by the growing number of publications on the topic every year. However, thematic literature reviews on humanitarian logistics and supply chain management (HLSCM) in natural disaster management are barely available. Therefore, this article proposes a sequential thematic literature review method to extensively review HLSCM publications to identify gaps and future research directions. The Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases have been used to obtain influential articles published between 2001 and 2021. The literature review found that distribution delay, demand uncertainty, and high operation costs are primary logistics distribution problems for disaster management. Therefore, theme determination was carried out using a problem-cause-solution order to solve these problems. Then, five specific themes of HLSCM were grouped namely (i) lean and agile, (ii) information technology and information science, (iii) modeling and simulation, (iv) determining and mitigating risk, and (v) management inventory. Finally, in terms of future research direction, there is a possibility for this study to be used as a reference for further studies on HLSCM.
... Efficiency means "doing the thing right" and effectiveness refers to "doing the right things" (Provan & Kenis, 2008). Effective management of relief supply chain requires prompt supply of goods and services in a limited amount of time (Cozzolino, 2012). Relief-SCM efficiency management focuses on minimizing the spoilage, pilferage, avoiding redundancy and duplication of activities, optimizing the overall operational cost (Provan & Kenis, 2008). ...
... It is a challenging task in case of humanitarian crisis due to unpredictable demands and complex requirements to be provided on time. Regardless of uncertainties, in humanitarian supply chain it has to be recognized as an important factor (Cozzolino, 2012). ...
In the backdrop of recent floods in Pakistan, this study focuses to identify the challenges faced in the aid distribution supply chain and envision best practices from Business Supply Chains for use across the relief projects. The argument is that relevant aspects of business supply chain can be applied for operational efficiency of relief supply chain. Using a mixed method approach, seven organizations based in Karachi were selected using purposive sampling method and data was collected using questionnaire having both open and closed ended questions. The quantitative data was analyzed using Microsoft excel and qualitative data was analyzed by thematic analysis. The findings of the study show that all the stakeholders agreed that coordination and collaboration in relief work can increase the effectiveness. The main challenges faced by them were inadequate financial resources, accessing the affected areas, duplication of the relief operation in same areas, as some of the areas got the attention of all relief actors while others got missed at a given time. The research suggests that by adapting CPFR model, Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment in the supply chain approach, combined effort and practices can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of relief work.
... Thus, Blockchain could be one of the approaches to facilitate the cycle in the aid distribution supply chain. The traditional humanitarian logistic supply chain consists of 7 steps (Fig 4), which start from planning and preparedness, assessment, resource mobilization, procurement donations, transport, and execution, tracking, and tracing, stock asset management, extended point of delivery until relief to beneficiaries (Thomas & Kopaczak, 2005) Fig. 4: Humanitarian Logistic Supply Chain (Thomas & Kopaczak, 2005) The traditional supply chain could be improvised by adopting decentralized blockchain technology, specifically for humanitarian aid relief. Each aid relief could be represented with an information tag that consists of the public and private keys. ...
... Thus, Blockchain could be one of the approaches to facilitate the cycle in the aid distribution supply chain. The traditional humanitarian logistic supply chain consists of 7 steps (Fig 4), which start from planning and preparedness, assessment, resource mobilization, procurement donations, transport, and execution, tracking, and tracing, stock asset management, extended point of delivery until relief to beneficiaries (Thomas & Kopaczak, 2005) Fig. 4: Humanitarian Logistic Supply Chain (Thomas & Kopaczak, 2005) The traditional supply chain could be improvised by adopting decentralized blockchain technology, specifically for humanitarian aid relief. Each aid relief could be represented with an information tag that consists of the public and private keys. ...
Natural disaster is an inevitable phenomenon that results from a significant impact on the entire affected locality. Thus, an effective and efficient humanitarian aid mission is necessary to ensure assistance can be delivered at the right time. The logistics play a central role as the connecting point between preparedness and response with cost-effective flow and storage of relief items and managing related information, including funds from the donors to the beneficiaries. However, lack of communication among humanitarian actors engaged in disaster-relief operations hindered effective and efficient coordination. This paper aims to explore decentralized blockchain technology to cater to the issue. Keywords: Natural Disaster; Humanitarian Aid, Blockchain eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behavior Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioral Researchers on Asians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behavior Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
... The test results show that the model developed can be used as an effective planning tool for healthcare allocation. 10.17341/gazimmfd.1092469 ...
... Afet yönetim sisteminin her aşamasında lojistik faaliyetler oldukça önemlidir. Afetlerin yol açacağı can ve mal kayıplarının azaltılması, afet lojistik operasyonlarının verimliliğinin artışıyla azaltılabilir [10]. Afet lojistiğinde; insani yardım faaliyetleri, arama ve kurtarma çalışmaları, tıbbi yardım, gıda ve barınma ihtiyaçlarının temin edilmesi, dağıtım, ulaştırma, araç rotalama, yer seçim problemleri, talep tahmini çalışmaları gibi çeşitli faaliyetler yer almaktadır. ...
Depremler can ve mal kaybına neden olan, en sık görülen, etkileri oldukça büyük afet türüdür. Deprem sonrası kaotik koşullar müdahale ve kurtarma sürecini zorlaştırır. Bu sürecin yönetilebilmesinde, eldeki kaynakların (sağlık, barınma, AFAD ekipleri vb.) başarılı bir şekilde enkaz bölgelerine tahsisi gerekmektedir. Depremlerden sonraki ilk saatlerde yaralıların, yaralanma şiddetlerine göre (ağır ve geciktirilebilir yaralı) ve geçen süreyle doğru orantılı olarak hayatta kalma olasılıkları daha fazladır; zaman ilerledikçe bu ihtimal azalır. Dolayısıyla enkazdan çıkarılan yaralılara ilk müdahalelerinin yapılması, ihtiyaç görülenlerin acilen hastaneye sevk edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle sağlık kaynakları planlaması depremin yıkıcı etkilerinin azaltılmasında son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmada deprem sonrası hayatını kaybeden yaralı sayısının en aza indirilmesini amaçlayan 0-1 karışık tam sayılı bir matematiksel model geliştirilmiştir. Model içerisinde enkaz bölgelerine olay yeri triyajını gerçekleştirecek sağlık birimlerinin (doktor, hemşire, ekipman) tahsis edilmesi, olay yeri triyajı görmüş yaralıların hastaneye sevk işlemi için ambulans ataması yapılması ve ambulansların hangi hastanelere yönlendirilmesi gerektiği kararları verilmek istenmektedir. Geliştirilen modelin çok periyodlu ve yaralıların sağlık durumlarındaki değişimin markov zinciri olarak modellemesi literatüre katkı olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Geliştirilen model, Kırıkkale ili için olası bir deprem senaryosu verileriyle GAMS CPLEX çözücüsü kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Test sonuçları, geliştirilen modelin sağlık kaynakları tahsisi için etkin bir planlama aracı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
... While there have been several risk categorisation frameworks (e.g., [6][7][8][9][10][11]), insights into the sources of risks and appropriate risk mitigation strategies in the DMC phases seem to be lacking. Moreover, extant literature mostly explored the various risk categorisation approaches in the humanitarian contexts without providing insights into the risk categories present in the different phases of the DMC (e.g., [6][7][8][9][10][11]). ...
... While there have been several risk categorisation frameworks (e.g., [6][7][8][9][10][11]), insights into the sources of risks and appropriate risk mitigation strategies in the DMC phases seem to be lacking. Moreover, extant literature mostly explored the various risk categorisation approaches in the humanitarian contexts without providing insights into the risk categories present in the different phases of the DMC (e.g., [6][7][8][9][10][11]). In particular, [11] links humanitarian logistics (HL) and supply chain risk management (SCRM) to understand risk mitigation strategies that humanitarian organisations use or could use to improve their logistics preparedness. ...
The disaster management cycle (DMC) is often considered part of the essential efforts to handle disaster risk and consists of four key phases: - preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. This conceptual paper identifies dominant risks, and proposes risk mitigation strategies for the four phases in the DMC. Sharing our paper on risk mitigation in the disaster management cycle.
Keywords – Disaster Management Cycle (DMC), Supply Chain Risks, Humanitarian Supply Chain, Risk-Impact Analysis, Mitigation Strategies
... El ciclo de gestión de desastre comprende las fases de mitigación, preparación, respuesta y recuperación [6]. Las dos primeras fases se realizan antes del desastre con el fin de reducir posibles impactos económicos, sociales y físicos. ...
La localización de instalaciones en la logística humanitaria es un problema crucial ya afecta directamente a la capacidad de respuesta, eficiencia en la distribución y al rendimiento de las operaciones de ayuda, este problema se caracteriza por la incertidumbre de la información, la velocidad en la reacción, la falta de recursos y la variabilidad del entorno haciendo que se generen nuevos modelos que se puedan ajustar a la realidad. En esta revisión de literatura se analizaron investigaciones publicadas entre los años 2020 y 2022. Con base en los estudios revisados, estos prefieren ajustarse a la realidad utilizando límites de capacidad, modelos estocásticos, ubicaciones no predefinidas, funciones de privación y multiobjetivo en emergencias generadas por desastres naturales. Finalmente se debe de considerar en futuras investigaciones: el tipo de temporalidad de la instalación, el enrutamiento con sus restricciones, el uso de modelos más robustos y el tamaño de las instalaciones.
... Regarding the Private Sector, results show that, despite of the importance of Logistics Operators and Direct Suppliers for improving the speed and efficiency of humanitarian supply chains (Cozzolino, 2012), these stakeholders had little involvement in disaster-response operations in Brazil. Nonetheless, media did play an important role as it contributes for raising funds and donations, besides communicating relevant information (Fritz Institute, 2012). ...
Paper aims
This paper aims the use of Social Network Analysis (SNA) as an assessment tool to answer the following research questions: (i) Who are the actors in Humanitarian Operations Networks (HON)?; (ii) Which actors exert influence on HON?; and (iii) How do HONs form?
Originality
The use of Social Network Analysis (SNA) allows us identifying the main stakeholders in a network and their connections, especially in sudden and unpredictable events. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of SNA in a different context, bringing new technics to the field of humanitarian logistics.
Research method
We apply Social Network Analysis (SNA) in the Brazilian context of sudden-onset natural disaster-response operations. Data was collected through a survey among Brazilian professionals in the field of humanitarian logistics, using the snowball technique for sampling. Multiple methodological tools are used such as UCINET 6.620 for Social Network Analysis, Cytoscape, and EXCEL®,
Main findings
This application validates the consistency of using Social Network Analysis (SNA) to assess humanitarian operations networks, besides validating the stakeholder relationship model of the Public, Private, and People sectors (3PR) in disaster-response operations.
Implications for theory and practice
Results show strong participation of the public sector in disaster-response operations in Brazil, especially from the Government, the Military, and Local Aid Networks, indicating the need for greater engagement from civil society. Besides, the proposed
method can be adopted in the context of any other country.
... The selected keywords prioritise 'supply chain' and exclude 'logistics'. Logistics includes single operations, while supply chain combines these operations, integrates interorganisational processes and incorporates elements that logistics does not consider, such as information systems, relationship management, trust and commitment (Cozzolino 2012;Lummus et al. 2001;Cooper et al. 1997). Moreover, supply chains are process-oriented and broader than logistics. ...
The complexity of delivering public services under dynamically changing operating conditions causes uncertainty in those processes. Economic and social crises, pandemics, natural and technological threats and local armed conflicts add more layers of complexity and force governments to seek ways to ensure the continuous supply of these services. Therefore, researchers indicate that a supply chain management approach could increase the efficiency and quality of public service implementation processes. However, the scattered research that exists on this topic occurs in limited areas of public governance. Therefore, this paper aims to understand the importance of supply chain management in public service delivery processes, develop the public service supply chain model, analyse the evolution of the research and identify research streams in this exploratory area. A systematic literature review based on the PRISMA methodology serves to achieve this purpose. The paper defines public service supply chain management as a synchronised process of co-creating value in public networks with its basis in relationship management, in which each actor can be both a supplier and an end-user. This paper also presents a bibliographic visualisation of research issues in public service supply chain management (PSSCM) and identifies eight major research streams in this area.
... Disaster management operations involve deploying governmental agencies with diverse expertise and resources to help victims (Cozzolino 2012;Gutjahr et al. 2020). Their purpose is the dispatch of commodities to affected areas efficiently, effectively and quickly (Özdamar et al. 2004). ...
The increasing damage caused by disasters is a major challenge for disaster management authorities, especially in instances where simultaneous disasters affect different geographical areas. The uncertainty and chaotic conditions caused by these situations combined with the inherent complexity of collaboration between multiple stakeholders complicates delivering support for disaster victims. Decisions related to facility location, procurement, stock prepositioning and relief distribution are essential to ensure the provision of relief for these victims. There is a need to provide analytical models that can support integrated decision-making in settings with uncertainty caused by simultaneous disasters. However, there are no formulations tackling these decisions combining multiple suppliers, multiple agencies, and simultaneous disasters. This article introduces a novel bi-objective two-stage stochastic formulation for disaster preparedness and immediate response considering the interaction of multiple stakeholders in uncertain environments caused by the occurrence of simultaneous disasters. At the first stage, decisions related to the selection of suppliers, critical facilities, agencies involved, and pre-disaster procurement are defined. Resource allocation, relief distribution and procurement of extra resources after the events are decided at the second stage. The model was tested on data from the situation caused by simultaneous hurricanes and storms in Mexico during September of 2013. The case is contrasted with instances planning for disasters independently. The results show how planning for multiple disasters can help understand the real boundaries of the disaster response system, the benefits of integrated decision-making, the impact of deploying only the agencies required, and the criticality of considering human resources in disaster planning.
... An important measure of emergency management is relief distribution to the affected areas. Effective distribution of relief supplies (such as medicines, blood supplies, and emergency supplies) is a huge challenge for emergency logistics [5]. Considering population distribution and resource constraints, Duhamel et al. presented a location-allocation model to seek optimal solutions for post-disaster operations [6]. ...
The outbreak of an epidemic disease may cause a large number of infections and a slightly higher death rate. In response to epidemic disease, both patient transfer and relief distribution are significant to reduce corresponding damage. This study proposes a two-stage multi-objective stochastic model (TMS-PTRD) considering pre-pandemic preparedness measures and post-pandemic relief operations. The proposed model considers the following four objectives: the total number of untreated infected patients, the total transfer time, the overall cost, and the equity distribution of relief supplies. Before an outbreak, the locations of temporary relief distribution centers (TRDCs) and the inventory levels of established TRDCs should be determined. After an outbreak, the locations of temporary hospitals (THs), the locations of designated hospitals (DHs), the transfer plans for patients, and the relief distribution should be determined. To solve the TMS-PTRD model, we address an improved preference-inspired co-evolutionary algorithm named the PICEA-g-AKNN algorithm, which is embedded with a novel similarity distance and three different tailored evolutionary strategies. A real-world case study of Hunan of China and 18 test instances are randomly generated to evaluate the TMS-PTRD model. The finding shows that the PICEA-g-AKNN algorithm is better than some most widely used multi-objective algorithms.
... The many challenges prompt researchers and economic and political actors to study the needs of SD in their attempts to identify proper remedies to the natural, social, and technical difficulties in the increasingly complicated systems of a DRO (Remida, 2015). A successful HL process lessens the urgent requirements of the people with a sustainable decrease in their vulnerability; it quickly and economically (Cozzolino, 2012) reduces risks, reduces waste, enhances performance, and innovates by creating new, effective ideas that lead to SD (Gonzalez et al., 2015;Gunasekaran & SPALANZANI, 2012). On the other hand, sustainable HL is the set of skills that allows HOs to structure logistics to accomplish SD (Gimenez et al., 2012). ...
Sustainable development (SD) has become a prevalent topic in the logistics discipline. Hence, the attention of researchers to humanitarian logistics (HL) in SD has been increasing. Therefore, the study applied a literature review in a bibliometric methodology, and feasibly reached a total of 112 publications published in world-class journals from the chosen databases. The findings show an increasing trend in the number of studies in this area, and that most of the studies were published in the last three years. Humanitarian Organizations (HOs) have a responsibility to save victims and decrease the distress of persons for SD during difficult times through fast, fair, and safe HL, which is possible through an effective HL operation. This study offers the first bibliometric investigation in the field that could serve as a theoretical reference point for future investigations and as a managerial tool, recognizing the urgent need for a careful understanding of how sustainability can be integrated into HL.
... It means that the respondents of non-profit and humanitarian organizations realize that the relief works in the country of Afghanistan require a responsive delivery in supply chain practices. This is relevant to prior studies by Cozzolino (2012) and Shafiq and Soratana (2019), indicating that delivery issues in humanitarian supply chain practices are the most crucial factors in supply chain performance. ...
This research aimed to determine the effect of supply chain challenges and supply chain performance in nonprofit organization performance and the supply chain integration and management commitment in supply chain performance. One hundred questionnaires were distributed to top-level, middle-level, and lower-level managers of Afghanistan non-profit organizations. Out of 100 questionnaires distributed, 55 questionnaires were filled and returned a 55% response rate. This study adopted a quantitative method using the SmartPLS application. This study found that integrating supply chain indicators such as sharing information, planning, controlling and coordinating materials, and commitment of all three management levels positively affects supply chain performance. Moreover, this study found that challenges such as government regulation, customer pressure, and supply chains performance indicators such as supply chain delivery flexibility, customer responsiveness time, and inventory cost significantly affect non-profit organization performance.
... Approximately 80% of disaster-related operations are related to logistics activities. For this reason, it is vital to perform logistics management and supply chain management effectively in terms of humanitarian aid (Cozzolino, 2012). ...
In recent years, human beings and our planet have suffered great losses in the frequent disasters. Effective and timely intervention is of utmost importance in all large-scale disasters, whether natural or man-made. In this article, a study has been conducted on a model in which the location selection criteria of the management and support centers, where the coordination works as well as the management and administration are carried out in disaster areas, are evaluated by the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method. For this, an in-depth literature analysis was carried out at the first stage, and then all the findings obtained as a result of the literature research were presented to the professionals related to the subject, and expert opinion was sought. In the light of expert opinion, the location selection criteria for the coordination management center and logistic support units in disaster areas were determined, and a model proposal was made, in which the importance values were weighted by using one of the MCDM methods, The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is widely used.
... Increasing the efficiency of humanitarian operations is the rapid delivery of goods and services and relief items and delivering the injured to relief centers in the shortest possible time. Operational effectiveness also means the ability to minimize waste and avoid duplication of work and parallel activities (Cozzolino, 2012). Shafiq & Soratana (2019) believe that since many partners are involved in humanitarian operations, inconsistency leads to reduced efficiency and effectiveness through parallel work, re-work, and so on. ...
One of the important things to improve the efficiency of humanitarian aid logistics operations is to establish coordination between the various partners and stakeholders. This research has been conducted in this direction with the aim of identifying the factors affecting the coordination in the humanitarian supply chain and providing appropriate solutions. For this purpose, the techniques of Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping, Structural Equation Modeling, and Importance-Performance Analysis were used. A review of the literature and interviews with experts has led to the identification of 18 factors affecting coordination in the humanitarian supply chain, which were divided into five categories: strategic, infrastructure, cultural, process, and financial and non-financial resources. Factor analysis using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) showed that cultural cohesion and cooperation between partners was identified as the most important element. Also, the interpretive structural model of the main factors showed that the strategic, infrastructural and cultural factors were at the basic level. In addition, the importance-performance analysis was used in this study, which showed that in order to achieve better coordination in relief operations, long-term planning, providing efficient, effective and planned training, as well as mutual learning, should be considered. A potential practical implication is that actors involved in relief use the provided mechanisms such as operational and strategic planning and also the social implication is that by building trust and taking cultural considerations into account, it is possible to help better coordination of actors in crisis relief.
... Similarly, the result also supports the evidence reported by Meduri (2014), who asserted that performance varies in each country. The difference depends on the intensity of the disaster, the variation in the number of actors involved in the relief operation, including military and paramilitary forces, donors, logistics organizations, governmental and non-governmental organizations, etc. from different cultures, ethnic groups, and sometimes nations with different stages of the Logistic experience (Cozzolino, 2012;Meduri et al., 2016). Individual performance in Malaysian humanitarian organizations has been discussed in detail in research conducted by Mat Jusoh et al. (2021). ...
Aim/Purpose: This research aims to analyze the effect of human resource management on humanitarian operations performance, using humanitarian organizations in Malaysia as a case.
Background: Humanitarian organizations need to develop and continue effective on-the-job human resource management, such as training and development and managing
employee performance to enhance the performance of their humanitarian operations.
Methodology: The sampling technique that was conducted is probability sampling. In particular, the technique is called stratified sampling. This technique is chosen because it is involving the division of a population into a smaller group, called “strata”. The questionnaire survey was distributed to humanitarian organizations in Malaysia to collect research data, and PLS-SEM analysis was conducted to validate the conceptual model.
Contribution: This research focuses on the effect of human resource management on humanitarian operations performance in humanitarian organizations with consistent training to ensure successful humanitarian operations.
... Multiple organizations are involved in relief activities; therefore, efficient collaboration among the stakeholders is necessary to move relief items optimally from supplier's locations to disaster demand locations (Medel, Kousar, and Masood 2020). Moreover, coordination, communication, and involvement of humanitarian organizations in the preparedness and response phase are also of great significance in the decision-making process as different organizations exhibit different risk-taking behaviour during disasters (Cozzolino 2012;Galindo and Batta 2013;Kaynak and Tu ger 2014;Shaheen, Azadegan, and Roscoe 2021). Furthermore, the participation of multiple stakeholders under proactive state leadership is important in the management of humanitarian relief activities. ...
The impact of disasters in terms of the loss of human lives, infrastructure, and economy has been increasing over time. Planning and management strategies for disaster relief operations (DROs) have got the attention of researchers and policymakers, particularly on how to achieve resilience in such operations. This research aims to investigate the use of the lean transformation approach, which in this context is the process of evaluating relief operations’ performance in terms of responsiveness and road mapping interventions, for achieving resilience in DROs. A systematic lean-based method instigated through DROs’ management initiative was developed. This was validated through an empirical industrial fire case study where selected lean concepts and tools like Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs and Customer (SIPOC)-analysis, value stream maps (VSM), key performance indicators (KPIs), fishbone diagram, and plan-do-check-act (PDCA) were used to investigate DROs resilience in terms of their responsiveness. The VSMs were developed for ‘as-is’ and ‘to-be’ scenarios, and comparative analysis against standardized KPIs was carried out. The lean transformation approach was found effective in the studied case of industrial fire for developing resilience in DROs. Furthermore, lean tools could help in devising pragmatic strategies to prevent delays and achieve enhanced resilience through better coordination, communication, capacity building, and awareness. This research contributes to the operations management and disaster management fields through lean transformation.
... In addition, poor management of resource distribution leads to inefficiency and eventually the victims suffer (Seifert et al., 2018). Whereas, the countries that always remain well prepared for natural disasters tend to possess an efficient humanitarian logistics and supply chain management that is transparent in all aspects (Cozzolino, 2012). Such countries focus on devising long-term strategies before the occurrence of disasters Rabta et al. (2018). ...
Purpose
Mismanagement and corruption in disaster relief operations (DROs) have created a demand for transparency and visibility in humanitarian logistics and supply chains. The global relief organisations and recent research endorse the adoption of digital solutions in DROs. The purpose of this research is to examine the moderating role of digitalisation in enhancing transparency in humanitarian logistics and supply chains of DROs in Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach
Employing the quantitative research method, the data were collected from 340 disaster relief workers through survey questionnaires using the snowball sampling technique. The data were analysed in the SmartPLS3 software of PLS-SEM.
Findings
The findings suggested that in Pakistan, where corruption and mismanagement in humanitarian logistics and supply chain have been the greatest concerns of all the stakeholders, digitalisation of the DROs is a way forward to create transparency in the system and build the trust of the donor organisations and public.
Research limitations/implications
The sample included only 340 disaster relief workers, future researchers may test the proposed model on a larger sample size and from different stakeholders' perspectives such as the disaster victims, government agencies and NGOs.
Social implications
The ultimate beneficiaries of a digitalised and transparent humanitarian logistics and supply chain will be the society as a whole and particularly the victims of the disasters. By adopting the appropriate technologies in DROs, the victims will receive timely and entitled resources, and early warnings will save many lives.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to the body of knowledge by providing the first empirical evidence of examining the moderating role of digitalisation in creating transparency in humanitarian logistics from one of the top ten most disaster-affected nations.
... Cozzolino [53] underlined the critical role of logistics and supply chain management in the humanitarian logistics concept for the disaster management. Oloruntoba and Gray [54] identified "agility" in supply chain management for humanitarian aid by developing a model. ...
Background: Uncertainty is the major source of hazards, and it is present in a wide range of business activities. Due to the high level of unpredictability in logistics operations, the logistics sector has traditionally operated in a high-risk environment. These risks have become considerably more complicated as the corporate environment has changed in recent years, such through globalization, environmental concerns, and changes in demand. As a result, in order for a logistics firm to thrive, it is necessary to evaluate and assess the risks associated with logistics. Methods: The Plithogenic Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) has been used in this study to assess the logistics risks. The logistics risk considered in this study are transportation-related risks, purchasing-related risks, inventory-related risks, information-related risks, packaging-related risks, operational-related risks, geographical location-related risks, natural disaster-related risks, and organization-related risks. Results: The most significant logistics risks are found to be Inventory-Related Risks, while the least significant are Geographical Location-Related Risks. When compared to the standard SWARA approach, the Plithogenic SWARA method may be employed in group decision-making issues without losing information. Conclusions: The proposed technique will help logistics professionals make informed decisions and manage and analyze risks more efficiently. This study will also contribute to the literature as it is the first time that logistical risks have been addressed by utilizing the Plithogenic SWARA technique.
... The study also disclosed new insights on the usability of drones for improved mission management, including more accurate mission planning, surveillance, and documentation, thereby providing decision-makers with information of higher quality. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate the potentials of drones to not only support the response to acute emergency situations but also to act as a useful instrument in disaster mitigation and recovery phases of the disaster management cycle [77], in particular for preventive risk reduction. In this regard, scenario analysis showed that the safety of both rescuers and patients can benefit from drone deployment. ...
Harsh terrain, extreme weather conditions, and logistics challenges pose certain risks to rescue workers when they are responding to emergencies in mountainous regions. During time-critical rescue operations, the safety of the rescue team itself is of utmost importance. Recently, the advantages of drone technology to support emergency operations have gained academic attention; a widespread practical implementation, however, is still not taking place. Therefore, in this study, we investigate drones from a practitioners' point of view. We conducted a series of 11 usability tests with a total of 49 scenarios based on realistic emergency circumstances including 288 participants from Austrian and Italian rescue organizations. Participants predominantly came from the field of mountain rescue, while the involvement of fire fighters, emergency medical personnel, or cave rescuers, as well as drone manufacturers and professional pilots adds to the study's generalizability. The empirical insights derived from the usability tests demonstrate the capabilities of drones to reduce operational risks in rescue missions, thereby increasing the safety and performance of response teams. Rescuers benefit from drone usage, especially in urgent missions such as search and rescue and emergency items delivery, as the technology reduces response times while simultaneously minimizing risk exposure. Results also indicate that the technology facilitates more accurate mission planning and management, contributes to preventive risk reduction, and represents a novel technique for emergency-related geographic surveying. Nevertheless, several improvements in terms of drone–helicopter communication and image analysis are required to further enhance the usability of drones for emergency purposes.
... In contrast to humanitarian response operations with the purpose of short-term reliefs, the nature of development aid operations involves developing long-term solutions and assistance to cope with progressively negative consequences over time (Kunz and Gold, 2017). Development aid programmes are established and designed to respond to plagues, crises and other complex catastrophes to mitigate the suffering of health and livelihoods and build economic, social, environmental, political developments (Cozzolino, 2012). ...
Purpose
The impact of supply disruptions from unplanned events can cause goods shortage, limited responsiveness and high opportunity cost thus compromising development aid programmes' achievement targets. These situations force humanitarian aid agencies to develop new strategies for effectively managing their supplies. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the foundation of humanitarian supply chain resilience through the development of an adapted Kraljic portfolio model.
Design/methodology/approach
Action research was used to adapt and validate the Kraljic portfolio model to the development aid context. The research team worked with a humanitarian aid agency in developing criterions and used Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) in weighting those key criterions.
Findings
The adapted portfolio model was able to evaluate purchases done by the aid agency by incorporating different perspectives related to the strategic importance of purchase and supply vulnerability. In particular, development aid programmes require large supplies annually. Better classification offers improved visualisation of purchases, leading to a more precise adoption of mitigation strategies and policies to minimise supply disruption risks.
Research limitations/implications
Adapting the Kraljic portfolio model is a stepping-stone to building humanitarian supply chain resilience. The proposed humanitarian supply chain resilience framework is based on the foundation that current humanitarian supply chain needs to be re-engineered. In order to re-engineer, the supply base strategy must first be revisited.
Practical implications
Many aid agencies do not have a holistic view on their purchases and commonly apply a transactional classification of purchases that only considers the consumption values. Purchasing strategies mostly focus on cost minimisation, whereas risk mitigations have been disregarded. The proposed portfolio model overcomes these drawbacks. Societal impact may be limited but development aid agencies will be able to offer more reliable aid delivery as part of their mandate.
Originality/value
The proposed portfolio model is among the first tool to guide humanitarian aid agencies to develop procurement strategies to alleviate supply disruptions and increase development aid programmes resilience.
... Reputation implies both the prominence of a company -the label as being known for something -and the image in the sense of holding a generalized favorability towards other companies (Lange et al., 2011). Through CSR related actions like food donations, firm reputation might increase in or after crisis situations (Cozzolino, 2012;Dani and Deep, 2010;Tomasini and Van Wassenhove, 2009). Next to positive reputation, Binder and Witte (2007) name improvement of government relations, staff motivation and the "desire to do good" as motivation for the private sector to engage. ...
Collaboration in emergency logistics can be beneficial for governmental actors when supply chains need to be set up immediately. In comparison to research on humanitarian-business partnerships, the body of literature on so-called Public–Private Emergency Collaborations (PPEC) remains scarce. Private companies are only rarely considered within research on emergency collaborations, although they serve as an important chain in the efficient supply of goods given their resources and existing communication networks. Based on this research gap, we contribute to the research field by quantitatively evaluating public–private collaboration in emergency logistics. A framework for public–private emergency collaborations is developed based on logistical and game-theoretical concepts. In addition, we characterize both public and private actors’ possible roles in emergency logistics based on literature research and real cases. Furthermore, we provide a structured overview on existing PPECs and the challenges they are confronted with. The game-theoretic PPEC model created in this paper provides more detailed information into the motivation and incentives of the partners involved in emergency collaborations. Inspired by game-theoretic accounts of conventional public–private partnerships, this model sheds light on the partners’ participation constraints (which define the scope of collaboration), the effects on the outcome if the partners’ contributions are strategic substitutes, and on reputational effects. Finally, we illustrate how a mechanism design approach can be used by the state to transform the firm’s incentives into lower levels of undersupply or deprivation.
This study empirically examines the influence of six dimensions of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on Supply Chain Performance (SCP) and subsequently, Corporate Sustainability (CS). Anchored in social exchange theory, it proposes a conceptual model delineating how six OCB dimensions – Civic Virtue, Organizational Loyalty, Courtesy, Helping Behavior, Sportsmanship and Conscientiousness – independently affect SCP and mediate CS outcomes. Utilizing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS version 3.3.6 software, data from 441 SC professionals across diverse industries were analyzed through snowball sampling. Results show that each OCB dimension significantly enhances SCP; Civic Virtue, Organizational Loyalty and Courtesy notably boost teamwork and productivity; Helping Behavior and Sportsmanship foster a supportive SC environment; Conscientiousness ensures operational reliability. Moreover, SCP positively influences CS, confirming its mediating role between OCB dimensions and CS achievements. The study underscores the importance for companies to foster OCB elements to augment SCP for achieving CS objectives. This work contributes novel empirical insights into the substantial influence of OCB on SCP with cascading effects on CS – an area previously unexplored empirically.
BÜTÜNLEŞİK AFET YÖNETİMİ KAPSAMINDA AFET LOJİSTİĞİNİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALKINMAYA ETKİSİ
Social media is becoming an important tool for creating and disseminating news stories. It has become an alternative to new media, especially when things become chaotic and unpredictable in scenarios like disasters. Unfortunately, the number of man-made and natural disasters has increased in recent decades. Social media, combined with crowdsourcing, is proven to help address the effects of natural and human-made disasters. In this book chapter, first, we provide a brief review of how social media is being used in the context of disasters. Second, we present a use case of how social media is used in disaster situations providing a detailed account of the type and nature of messages that took place on the Twitter platform during Hurricane Sandy. Finally, based on a detailed literature review, we outline the opportunities and challenges of using social media for disaster management and also shed light on future directions.
Vertical evacuation helps people escape tsunami risks by elevating them above the level of tsunami inundation, usually by moving to higher ground or taking refuge in tall buildings or other elevated structures. Unlike horizontal evacuation, which involves moving away from the coast to higher ground, vertical evacuation reduces the demand for horizontal evacuation routes that can become congested and impede evacuation efforts. Therefore, investing in critical infrastructure that enables vertical evacuation is crucial in tsunami-prone areas. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization model to help decision-makers assign critical infrastructure for vertical evacuation in tsunami-prone areas. Critical infrastructure includes buildings that can provide shelter during a tsunami and road networks for rapid access to shelter points. The proposed model balances three objectives: (1) minimizing investment costs in critical infrastructure, (2) maximizing the population covered by shelters, and (3) minimizing the evacuation time for evacuees to reach the shelters. This model is tested on real-world data from the Coquimbo-La Serena coastal conurbation in the Coquimbo region of Chile. The study contributes to the literature on tsunami evacuation modeling and provides valuable information for decision-makers to plan and invest in critical infrastructure for vertical evacuation during tsunamis. A sensitivity analysis of various parameters is conducted, and managerial insights are provided.
Dünya, zaman zaman doğal afetler, salgın hastalıklar, savaşlar ve diğer acil durumlarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bu durumlar insanların yaşamlarını ve toplulukları önemli şekilde tehdit edebilir. Bu tür zorluklarla baş edebilmek ve hayatta kalanlara yardım sağlayabilmek için insani yardım lojistiği hayati bir rol oynamaktadır. İnsani yardım lojistiği kişi, kurum ve devletler tarafından afet ve acil durum yaşamış insanların acılarını hafifletmek ya da engellemek amacı ile sağlanan ulusal ve uluslararası yardım çabalarıdır. Bu bağlamda insanlığın çeşitli zorluklara karşı mücadelesinde insani yardım lojistiği önemli rol üstlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla insani yardım lojistiğinin önemi her geçen gün daha da artmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada, insani yardım lojistiği ile ilgili sistemli bir yazın incelemesinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilmiş olan yazılı (akademik) çalışmaların incelenmesinin hem insani yardım lojistiği alanındaki gelişim düzeyinin tespit edilmesi hem de ağırlıklı olarak hangi konular üzerinde yoğunluk olduğunun belirlenmesi açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu amaçla Web of Science ve Scopus endekslerinde taranan “Humanitarian Logistics” anahtar kelimesini içeren bilimsel çalışmalar içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sayesinde insani yardım lojistiği alanındaki araştırma eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi, insani yardım lojistiği alanındaki araştırmaların farklı yönlerinin de tanınması ve aynı zamanda literatürdeki boşlukların belirlenerek gelecekte yapılması planlanan çalışmalara katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2023 yılı kasım ayında çalışma verileri toplanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz neticesinde insani yardım lojistiğine olan ilginin son yıllarda arttığı görülmüştür. İnsani yardım lojistiği alanında yayın yapan ülkelerin başında ABD, İngiltere, Hollanda ve Çin’in yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada en verimli/üretken yazarlar arasında hem WoS hem de Scopus’ta ilk sıralarda Kahn, M. ve Kovacs, G.’nin yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Purpose
This study aims to explore how to apply and integrate the performance management (PM) process in humanitarian supply chains (HSCs) among and between humanitarian organizations (HOs) and donors so as to improve cost-efficiency (CE) and lead-time effectiveness (LTE) in the stage of natural disaster preparedness.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adapts and operationalizes a framework for the PM process used in commercial supply chains to assess HSCs. A multiple-case study with two types of actors – six HOs and three donors—is used to describe the applications of the PM process and analyze the level of integration between the actors.
Findings
The activities in the PM process could sometimes be only vaguely described. Both actors emphasized improving CE, with less emphasis on LTE. Both actors have a low level of integration in each PM process activity, decreasing the CE and LTE. Therefore, guidelines for improving the level of PM process integration are provided.
Research limitations/implications
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to combine literature on HSCs and PM process integration, thereby contributing to both literature fields. The concrete contribution of this study is a framework for PM process application and integration among and between HOs and donors.
Practical implications
The PM process framework can be used to assess PM process application, as well as current and increased level of integration, to improve CE and LTE. The current applications can also inspire other HOs and donors.
Originality/value
Previous studies indicate the lack of frameworks in the PM domain of HSCs, especially in the stage of natural disaster preparedness.
This study investigates the application and integration of the performance management (PM) process within humanitarian supply chains (HSCs) involving humanitarian organizations (HOs) and donors, aiming to enhance cost-efficiency (CE) and lead-time effectiveness (LTE) during natural disaster preparedness. Adapting a PM framework from commercial supply chains, the research employs a multiple-case study approach, examining six HOs and three donors to evaluate PM process applications and integration levels. Findings reveal that PM activities are often vaguely defined, with a predominant focus on CE over LTE. The low integration level between actors in PM activities negatively impacts both CE and LTE. Consequently, the study offers guidelines to improve PM process integration. This research contributes to the literature by merging insights from HSCs and PM process integration, presenting a novel framework for PM application and integration among HOs and donors. Practically, the framework aids in assessing and enhancing PM process integration, potentially inspiring other HOs and donors. The study addresses the gap in PM frameworks within HSCs, particularly in disaster preparedness stages.
This chapter provides an overview of collaboration in humanitarian operations, focusing on the logistical aspects. Humanitarian logistics and operations has emerged as a subfield of supply chain and operations management and studies how humanitarian organizations can be more efficient in the delivery of humanitarian aid. We review the key characteristics of this subfield compared to traditional logistics and supply chain management. Collaboration is particularly important in the humanitarian context, in which only the collective performance of humanitarian organizations should count. We therefore discuss key factors of collaboration using the humanitarian SCOR model. Finally, we analyze how far the COVID-19 pandemic has forced humanitarian organizations to collaborate differently in their operations and what can be learned from it for the future of humanitarian operations.KeywordsHumanitarian operationsHumanitarian logisticsCollaborationCOVID-19 pandemicDisaster reliefDevelopment programsHumanitarian SCOR model
Purpose
This study aims to identify key supply chain challenges and opportunities of the case of Hong Kong toy manufacturing company during the COVID-19 outbreak and develop a comprehensive structural relationship to rank them.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a toy model company in Hong Kong is considered to discuss about what challenges and opportunities have the biggest impacts on non-necessary goods companies and how to deal with different impacts on entire supply chain flow disruption during COVID-19. A semi-structured interview with five decision-makers from the company was made to give key challenges and opportunities scores. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique is used to establish the model and rank them afterward to overcome the challenges.
Findings
From the data analysis and results, “salary of employee” and “inconvenient transportation” have emerged as top and bottom key challenges respectively. The sequence of organized challenges in the list needs to mitigate one by one in this order to improve the supply chain performance. The “client's orders’ frequency, customer management” and “supplier/partner relationship management” are identified as the top and bottom respectively to develop the opportunities.
Research limitations/implications
These key challenges and opportunities are identified as contributing attributes and provide the way to measure to improve production, profits and sustainable growth of the toy manufacturing company during a pandemic. Moreover, it helps to improve the distribution level and good planning with appropriate decision making to manage the supply chain performance considering humanitarian aspects during a pandemic outbreak.
Originality/value
The novelty of this study is to identify the key supply chain challenges and opportunities measured by the TOPSIS method to rank them and consider the case of a Hong Kong toy manufacturing company as a case-based approach to measuring its performance during the COVID-19 outbreak.
The main purpose of this study is to find barriers to sustainability in humanitarian logistics (HL) and to determine their mutual relationship. Applying interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and cross-impact matrix multiplication classification (MICMAC) assessment to develop a hierarchy model of the study variables. The key findings of this study are, the identification of the variables that can be seen as barriers to sustainability in HL, and the ISM approach is applied to determine the group of variables that have perfect control, low dependence, and strategic significance. The hierarchy of the variables reflects a valuable tool for all stakeholders of catastrophe, specifically for governments, donors,as well as humanitarian organizations (HOs)to focus on the identified variables in order to overcome the inhibitors to sustainability in HL, as they are constantly seeking strategies for sustainable HL. This study extends a hierarchy-based model of inhibitors to sustainability in HL through ISM methodology, which has not been investigated before.
Recent years have seen a surge in interest in humanitarian logistics (HL) research. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 894 HL-related studies. The publications were chosen using a combination of keywords from their titles, abstracts and author-supplied keywords from the leading database Scopus. The publications were classified according to their publication year, country of origin, type of publication, most relevant journals, and most influential authors. The review’s findings indicate that over a four-decade period, HL research progressed through three distinct stages. In terms of national contribution, the United States of America leads with the most studies published on HL. Additionally, the HL literature is advanced primarily through academic journal articles. The Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management is the leading journal in the field, with 148 articles published. The study makes a significant contribution by providing relevant analysis that may inform and guide scholars and researchers as they explore the evolution of HL research and foster networking and collaboration opportunities across multiple institutions.
Objective: This study aimed to simulate a humanitarian supply chain coordination model to reconstruct houses of flood victims under inflationary and non-inflationary conditions.
Methods: A village in the Northern Iranian Province of Mazandaran with 160 households was studied. 60% of the village was ruined due to the floods that inundated the region in 2019. An agent-based simulation was used in this applied research. To achieve the research goal, the factors (actors) of the humanitarian supply chain for housing reconstruction in the flood disaster were identified. The housing reconstruction factors in the flood humanitarian supply chain were then determined. The relationship between the actors of the humanitarian supply chain to coordinate the reconstruction of housing in the flood disaster was identified. Finally, a model of factor behaviors for coordinating housing reconstruction in the flood humanitarian supply chain was presented. Considering the use of the factor-based simulation method to answer research questions, this was an analytical-descriptive study. It was causal in terms of the purpose of applied research. In terms of the data collection method, since it sought to identify factors and the relationship between them, it was a comparison. Also, according to Walker's classification, this research was an analytical-mathematical one.
Results: Three agents of the government, celebrity donors, and flood victims (with damaged houses) were identified. Then, two scenarios of receiving government aid or only aid from celebrity donors under inflationary and non-inflationary conditions were considered. The agents' internal relationships, characteristics, behaviors, and decisions were also simulated using agent-based modeling. Finally, through interviews, the indicators of coordination in the reconstruction of flood-affected housing were identified, and coordination in each of the scenarios was evaluated.
Conclusion: As proved, in the receiving donor's financial aids scenario, the humanitarian supply chain coordination score was higher among the agents. Also, the houses reconstructed under non-inflationary conditions were higher in both scenarios.
Cette thèse de doctorat introduit le problème de tournées de véhicules avec des demandes dépendantes du temps (CVRP-TDD), le CVRP-TDD robuste et le cumulatif CVRP-TDD dans la logistique humanitaire. Ces problèmes contribuent à la planification de la distribution des kits de secours suite à une catastrophe. Ce problème apparaît lorsque les victimes fuient les refuges en raison du manque d'aide, provoquant la propagation du chaos dans d'autres territoires.Dans le CVRP-TDD, la distribution doit garantir un nombre maximum de personnes satisfaites dans les refuges avant leur départ. Un Programme Linéaire en Nombres Entiers (PLNE), un algorithme de Branch-and-Price (B&P) et une borne supérieure sont développés. Deux règles de dominance et une technique d'accélération sont également proposées. De plus, un cadre métaheuristique explorant 2 espaces de solution est mis en œuvre, introduisant les méthodes suivantes : GRASP, ILS, ELS, GRASPxELS et GRASPxILS.Le CVRP-TDD robuste suppose que le nombre de personnes fuyant les refuges refuges est incertain. Le PLNE et le B&P utilisés précédemment sont alors adaptés pour maximiser le nombre de rescapés servis dans leur refuge, dans le pire des scénarios.Le CVRP-TDD cumulatif considère le flux sortant des refuges critiques, mais aussi le flux entrant dans les refuges non-critiques Dans ce cas, l'objectif est de minimiser la somme des temps d'arrivées aux refuges critiques. Un PLNE, une heuristique en deux phases et une borne inférieure sont présentés
The topic of Humanitarian Logistics (H.L.) is vital because it refers to the processes and systems involved in mobilizing people, resources, skills, and knowledge to help vulnerable people when some phenomenon negatively impacts them. For this intervention, it is necessary to have planning and coordination among the different actors involved in Humanitarian Aid. They need to know the risks and the vulnerabilities of the zone and the actors that could participate. The purpose of this paper is to provide a precise segmentation of the vulnerable zones and support the national strategic decisions at the time of planning, coordinate, and delivering humanitarian aid. Eleven statistical methods of clustering were used in order to suggest the k-clusters for the Mexican municipalities. The best number of clusters was selected through the analysis of 26 indexes. We took two vulnerability studies previously developed by other institutions. One study concluded that there are 319 vulnerable municipalities, and the other concluded 412 vulnerable municipalities. For this research, high and very highly vulnerable municipalities were considered, and the frequency of hydro-meteorological events impacted the zone. For instance, the proposed cluster was two or three, while two were four or two.KeywordsVulnerabilityHumanitarian logisticsClustering analysisHumanitarian aidPublic politics
This studys primary purpose is to identify the factors affecting Sri Lankan military personnels behavioural patterns while providing humanitarian assistance in post-disaster situations. The study has used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Interviews were done with a few military personalities in a qualitative approach, and the answers were analysed using discourse analysis. The researcher has used a structured questionnaire in the quantitative method. A sample size of 308 military personalities has participated. Independent two-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and structural equational modelling were used. The main factors of the research, which are attitude towards behaviour, social norms, self-efficacy, knowledge and practice, were identified using the discourse analysis method. Gender, training gained by the military personnel, difficulties encountered by them, and their work experience years failed to affect humanitarian assistance significantly. In structural equational modelling, social norms, knowledge, and practice significantly affected humanitarian aid. However, attitude towards behaviour and self-efficacy did not show any significant effect on humanitarian assistance. This study will provide the necessary information for policymakers and military institutions in Sri Lanka to develop military personnel skills in post-disaster situations. Moreover, this researchs findings will help the individuals, especially the researchers, conduct studies in the same field.
Natural disasters and the vulnerability of a population go hand in hand. We cannot understand the level of a disaster without grasping the extent of people's vulnerability. But how can we ensure that humanitarian assistance is driven by people's vulnerability when the lack of resources makes it impossible to support all those that need it? This study thus contributes to this line of research by enhancing our understanding of how we can 'put the reality of the most vulnerable people first' (cf. Chambers 1995). For this purpose, we examine two experiences that have proposed to incorporate vulnerability concerns into the planning and optimisation of humanitarian logistics operations. The first experience relies on a very popular composite indicator called Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) to build enhanced response capacity in more vulnerable areas. The second experience is built upon a poverty measure called Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) to identify the groups that potentially need the most relief aid supply and to help devising allocation plans in compliance with people's income. These two experiences reveal that in most cases targeting more vulnerable areas increases their level of access to relief aid goods without greatly compromising the relief service levels of less vulnerable areas.
During the period 2012–2016, 99.0% of the municipalities of the State of Veracruz in Mexico have been subject to emergency declarations by the National Fund for Disaster Relief derived from the impact of hydro-meteorological phenomena. The present work develops a hybrid capacitated multi-facility location model based on (1) the p-median algorithm, (2) the Nearest Neighbor (NN) algorithm, (3) the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) algorithm, and (4) the continuous review (q, R) inventory model with uncertain demand. To support the organization of humanitarian relief efforts and maintain the quality of life of specific affected people in this region. The hybrid model identifies multiple feasible locations for the establishment of pre-positioned warehouses and their inventories. In contrast to other works, the proposed model extends on the characteristics of the required inventories to be stored. These are classified into food, clothing, personal hygiene, water, and personal health, and each one is classified depending on the life stages of the person: (a) early childhood; (b) childhood; (c) adolescence; (d) adult, and (e) third age. This classification is performed to provide products according to the specific needs of the affected people according to their age. As a result, 20 feasible locations throughout the State of Veracruz were identified, and for each pre-positioned warehouse, economic order quantities, reorder points, and safety stocks were defined.
In recent years, the number of natural disasters has been increasing due to climate change. It is why the study of these events has become necessary, and finding practical solutions and responding to them has also been crucial since human lives are at risk. Humanitarian support has been of great importance for their care and rescue, which is why a quick response to this task is paramount. The present case study focuses on Puebla, Mexico. Events of hydrometeorological and seismological types have hit this entity. Two types of studies have been made in this case, one qualitatively and the other using an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) in order to obtain the best municipalities to install a Regional Humanitarian Response Depot (RHRD) that protect items of first necessity, which will be delivered to the victims in case of emergency. The state is formed by 217 municipalities in which 203 have been impacted by some natural disaster, according to the data between the years 2006 and 2017. In the first scenario, the information above was considered and the results showed that the safest sites are found in the central and southeastern areas of the state, with a total of 14 municipalities. In the second scenario, an AHP was used but considering other aspects like infrastructure, roads, and so forth, the safety sites were found in the northwest, center-west, center-east, southwest, southeastern, and central areas of the state of Puebla.
The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.
The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify the specific stages of the humanitarian logistics process in which the agile and lean principles are needed.
Design/methodology/approach
– To achieve this purpose, the authors propose an original conceptual framework and apply it to evidence from a “best practice” case study in the humanitarian sector: the United Nations World Food Programme and its efforts in the Darfur (Sudan) crisis.
Findings
– Although several previous works introduced the agile principle as suitable for disaster relief, when and how to embrace the agile and lean principles remained unclear. This paper demonstrates the proper combination of the agile and lean principles in disaster relief phases. The correspondence is based on the coincidence of the objectives that arises in every stage and that each principle is capable of achieving.
Research limitations/implications
– Further empirical research is needed to support the framework and to enrich the results that arise from this first explorative work.
Practical implications
– The proposed framework is targeted at leading actors involved in the operation and planning of humanitarian logistics when a crisis emerges. This approach, which is based on the combination of the agile and lean principles, is not exclusive to the humanitarian sector. This perspective may be useful to create business logistics that address disruptions to traditional supply chain flows and other forces that disrupt logistics, production and information handling.
Originality/value
– The paper clarifies how agility and leanness should be emphasised in specific stages of the humanitarian logistics process, to reach a higher level of effectiveness and efficiency when planning disaster relief.
Modern day market places are highly varied and cannot be serviced effectively by a single supply chain paradigm. Consequently products and services must be provided to the end consumer via tailored supply chain strategies. This article categorises consumer products and details the specific supply chain management tools and techniques required to service each. A comparison of lean and agile strategies is provided along with a detailed explanation of the integration of the two within a Leagile supply chain. The application of such a strategy for electronic products is provided via a four stage case study. A route map for engineering supply chains to match customer requirements is developed in order to avoid costly and ineffective mismatches of supply chain strategy to product characteristics.
Purpose
– There is a need for theory development within the field of humanitarian logistics to understand logistics needs in different stages of a crisis and how to meet these. This paper aims to discuss three dimensions identified in logistics and organization theories and how they relate to three different cases of humanitarian logistics operations – the regional concept of the International Federation of Red Cross Red Crescent Societies, the development and working of the United Nations Joint Logistics Centre and coordination challenges of military logistics in UN mandated peacekeeping operations. The purpose is to build a framework to be used in further studies.
Design/methodology/approach
– A framework for the study of humanitarian logistics along three dimensions is developed, followed by a discussion of the chosen cases in relation to these dimensions. The framework will be used as basis for the case studies to be undertaken for the purpose of understanding and identification of new questions and needs for other or revised concepts from theory.
Findings
– The paper shows the relevance of a wide literature to the issues pertinent to humanitarian logistics. There is considerable promise in extant literature on logistics, SCM and coordination, but this needs to be confronted with the particular issues seen in the humanitarian logistics setting to achieve further theory development.
Originality/value
– The major contribution of the paper lies in its breadth of theoretical perspectives presented and combined in a preliminary theoretical framework. This is applied more specifically in the three case studies described in the paper.
Purpose
By constantly working in environments with high degree of uncertainty, humanitarian organizations end up becoming specialists in the implementation of agile systems. Their counterparts in profit‐making organizations have a lot to learn from them in this domain. Volatility of demand, imbalance between supply and demand and disruptions are all factors that affect commercial supply chains and call for a high level of agility. The aims of this paper are twofold: first, to clearly define the concept of supply chain agility, and second, to build a model for assessing the level of agility of a supply chain.
Design/methodology/approach
Three approaches are used in this research: literature review, case study and symbolic modeling.
Findings
The paper developed first, a framework for defining supply chain agility and second, a model for assessing and improving the capabilities of humanitarian and commercial supply chains in terms of agility, based on an analysis of humanitarian approaches.
Research limitations/implications
The model has been developed thanks to inputs from humanitarian practitioners and feedbacks from academics. The practical application to various humanitarian relief operations and commercial supply chains is yet to be done.
Originality/value
This paper contributes significantly to clarifying the notion of supply chain agility. It also provides a consistent, robust and reproducible method of assessing supply chain agility, which seems appropriate for both humanitarian and business sectors. Finally, it is complementary to existant research on humanitarian logistics. It shows that though humanitarian professionals have a lot to learn from the private sector, the reverse is also true.
The latter part of the twentieth century saw the lean production paradigm positively impact many market sectors ranging from automotive through to construction. In particular there is much evidence to suggest that level scheduling combined with the elimination of muda has successfully delivered a wide range of products to those markets where cost is the primary order winning criteria. However, there are many other markets where the order winner is availability. This has led to the emergence of the agile paradigm typified by “quick response” and similar initiatives. Nevertheless, “lean” and “agile” are not mutually exclusive paradigms and may be married to advantage in a number of different ways. This paper explores ways in which hybrid strategies can be developed to create cost-effective supply chains and proposes an integrated manufacture/logistics model for enabling the essential infrastructure.
Purpose
This study seeks to provide insights into corporate achievements in supply chain management (SCM) and logistics management and to detail how they might help disaster agencies. The authors aim to highlight and identify current practices, particularities, and challenges in disaster relief supply chains.
Design/methodology/approach
Both SCM and logistics management literature and examples drawn from real‐life cases inform the development of the theoretical model.
Findings
The theoretical, dual‐cycle model that focuses on the key missions of disaster relief agencies: first, prevention and planning and, second, response and recovery. Three major contributions are offered: a concise representation of current practices and particularities of disaster relief supply chains compared with commercial SCM; challenges and barriers to the development of more efficient SCM practices, classified into learning, strategising, and coordinating and measurement issues; and a simple, functional model for understanding how collaborations between corporations and disaster relief agencies might help relief agencies meet SCM challenges.
Research limitations/implications
The study does not address culture‐clash related considerations. Rather than representing the entire scope of real‐life situations and practices, the analysis relies on key assumptions to help conceptualise collaborative paths.
Practical implications
The study provides specific insights into how corporations might help improve the SCM practices by disaster relief agencies that continue to function without SCM professional expertise, tools, or staff.
Originality/value
The paper shows that sharing supply chain and logistics expertise, technology, and infrastructure with relief agencies could be a way for corporations to demonstrate their good corporate citizenship. Collaborations between corporations and disaster agencies offer significant potential benefits.
Purpose – The purpose of this article is to investigate the nature of the humanitarian aid supply chain and discuss the extent to which certain business supply chain concepts, particularly supply chain agility, are relevant to humanitarian aid.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper identifies elements of good practice in conventional business supply chains and applies them to the humanitarian aid supply chain, making use of published practice-based literature and web sites associated with humanitarian aid. Particular emphasis is placed on the concept of “agility” in supply chain management. A model of an agile supply chain for humanitarian aid is developed.
Findings – Humanitarian supply chains have similarities with business supply chains, but there are significant differences. Many humanitarian supply chains have a short and unstable existence with an inadequate link between emergency aid and longer-term developmental aid. Unlike many business supply chains, typical emergency aid appeals assign inventory to a particular destination at the supply chain source.
Practical implications – This research note is a starting-point for empirical studies to test the agile humanitarian supply chain model.
Originality/value – This paper seeks to integrate humanitarian aid practice with concepts in the academic supply chain literature. In particular, proposes that humanitarian donors need convincing of the value of supply chain processes.
Purpose : This paper aims to develop and verify a framework of logistics aspects for flood emergency planning. Design/methodology/approach : Provides a topical review of academic literature, illustrative case study and structured interviews in practice. Findings : Creates and details a framework for logistics flood emergency planning on four aspects: demand management, supply management, inventory management and resource management. Research limitations/implications : The paper is empirical in nature and based on an investigation within one country (the Netherlands) that is considered an expert in this area; the framework requires international testing. Practical implications : The framework presented provides practitioners with a tool for logistics flood emergency planning and highlights essential elements of these plans. Originality/value :The field of humanitarian logistics so far has received limited attention by logistics academics and there is a strong need for empirical research in this area. This paper provides the results of an empirical investigation into a highly
This chapter provides the reader with a brief introduction on logistics and supply chain management. It identifies the major supply chain issues in the humanitarian sector, particularly as they relate to emergencies and also reveals the need for cross-learning between the private and the humanitarian sector, a topic that we elaborate on throughout the book.
The latter part of the 20th century saw the lean production paradigm positively impact many market sectors ranging from automotive through to construction. In particular, there is much evidence to suggest that level scheduling combined with the elimination of muda has successfully delivered a wide range of products to those markets where cost is the primary order winning criteria. However, there are many other volatile markets where the order winner is availability, which has led to the emergence of the agile paradigm typified by "quick response" and similar initiatives. Nevertheless, lean and agile are not mutually exclusive paradigms and may be married to advantage as is shown in the lighting industry case study. The outcome of our review of the characteristics of "lean" and "agile" supply is the proposition of a model for enabling change to the agile enterprise. This incorporates the three levels of principles, programmes and actions. We conclude by showing that the model encompasses the major factors executed within the case study, which covers agility throughout the product introduction process and product delivery process. It appears to be a feature of the successful implementation of agility that it is an organisation-wide shift in culture and cannot be restricted to just a few activities.
The nature of a particular disaster or emergency determines the form of response and the mix of military or non-military commitment. Whatever the balance between military and non-military involvement, logistical support and replenishment of supplies form crucial aspects of the stabilisation process. This paper examines the processes involved in emergency relief and highlights the relationships between the participating bodies. A generic portrayal of emergency response was initially proposed by Jennings et al. (Emergency relief logistics: a disaster response model, Occasional Paper No. 64, Cardiff University, 2000) and discussed further by Beresford et al. (Emergency relief logistics: a disaster response model, in Proceedings of the Logistics Research Network Conference, 2002, pp. 121–128). This paper presents recent research that proposes a refined model for logistics requirements in emergency conditions, taking account of existing response models, both military and non-military, and of results from field research conducted partially under sponsorship by the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. The composite model proposed here, which incorporates Jennings et al. 's model as well as the military/non-military dimension, appears to be robust and workable in a range of geopolitical and operational circumstances.
Manufacturing plant managers have sought performance improvements by adhering to the guiding principles of leanness and agility . Lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing paradigms have also received considerable attention in operations management literature. However, paradoxically, the extant literature is lacking in clarity and fails to delineate with sufficient precision how and why leanness and agility differ. Given the resource constraints within which most manufacturing firms have to operate today, it is useful, if not critical, to develop a good understanding of how these paradigms differ and what their constituent dimensions are. Such an understanding is also essential for developing and testing theories relating to leanness and agility.
Through a literature review we discuss leanness and agility in two ways: (1) as manufacturing paradigms and (2) as performance capabilities. Our empirical study attempts to determine whether lean and agile forms occur with any degree of regularity in manufacturing plants. The results confirm the existence of homogeneous groups that resemble lean and agile performing plants, and they identify important differences pertaining to their constituent performance dimensions. The results indicate that while the pursuit of agility might presume leanness, pursuit of leanness might not presume agility. While the performance capability differences across the empirically derived groups accord well with expected differences across plants that excel in leanness and agility, the practice differences across the groups are not as clearly distinguished. We discuss the implications of our findings for further research and theory development.
This paper builds on the idea that private sector logistics can and should be applied to improve the performance of disaster logistics but that before embarking on this the private sector needs to understand the core capabilities of humanitarian logistics. With this in mind, the paper walks us through the complexities of managing supply chains in humanitarian settings. It pinpoints the cross learning potential for both the humanitarian and private sectors in emergency relief operations as well as possibilities of getting involved through corporate social responsibility. It also outlines strategies for better preparedness and the need for supply chains to be agile, adaptable and aligned—a core competency of many humanitarian organizations involved in disaster relief and an area which the private sector could draw on to improve their own competitive edge. Finally, the article states the case for closer collaboration between humanitarians, businesses and academics to achieve better and more effective supply chains to respond to the complexities of today's logistics be it the private sector or relieving the lives of those blighted by disaster.Journal of the Operational Research Society (2006) 57, 475–489. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602125 Published online 14 December 2005
Many enterprises have pursued the lean thinking paradigm to improve the efficiency of their business processes. More recently, the agile manufacturing paradigm has been highlighted as an alternative to, and possibly an improvement on, leanness. In pursuing such arguments in isolation, the power of each paradigm may be lost, which is basically that agile manufacturing is adopted where demand is volatile, and lean manufacturing adopted where there is a stable demand. However, in some situations it is advisable to utilize a different paradigm on either side of the material flow de-coupling point to enable a total supply chain strategy. This approach we have termed the Leagile Paradigm. This paper therefore considers the effect of the marketplace environment on strategy selection to ensure optimal supply chain performance. Real-world case studies in the mechanical precision products, carpet making, and electronic products market sectors demonstrate the new approach to matching supply chain design to the actual needs of the marketplace.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of agility in the context of supply chains of humanitarian aid (HA) organizations, particularly non‐government organizations (NGOs). This responds to the increasing pressure on NGOs to use their resources more strategically if they are to gain donor trust and long‐term commitment.
Design/methodology/approach
A literature‐based approach that extends the commercial supply chain concept of agility to NGOs is combined with the first exploratory semi‐structured interviews of these concepts with five NGO supply chain directors.
Findings
The commercial concept of agility when responding to disaster relief holds strong potential for increasing efficiency and effectiveness, but this application is restrained by the absence of supporting information technology (IT) and the relegation of supply chain management (SCM) to the “back office” by NGOs. This has potential implications for NGOs and other HA agencies.
Research limitations/implications
This paper represents an exploratory study, and an extended pool of interviewees would reinforce the qualitative findings. Planned future research will address this issue.
Practical implications
Practical guidance on how NGOs can proactively manage their organization's ability to respond with agility in a highly pressured environment is provided.
Originality/value
This paper is the first to offer practical guidance to managers of NGOs on strategies available to improve their organization's flexibility and agility, based on theoretical concepts and initial exploratory data. In addition, evidence of how commercial tools apply in a different arena may prompt commercial managers to be more innovative in utilizing and customizing supply chain principles to their particular context of operation.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges of humanitarian logisticians with respect to different types of disasters, phases of disaster relief and the type of humanitarian organization. A conceptual model is constructed that serves as a basis to identify these challenges.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on a country as a case, namely Ghana. Structured and unstructured data are collected in a workshop with humanitarian logisticians, and complemented with presentations of humanitarian logisticians, as they perceive their challenges. Disaster statistics and country profiles are used as secondary data.
Findings
The paper shows that some disasters defy a categorization between natural and man‐made causes. Challenges of humanitarian logisticians depend not only on the disaster at hand, but also on the local presence of their organization. The most emphasized challenge is the coordination of logistical activities. Challenges can be managed better if attributing them to different stakeholder environments.
Research limitations/implications
Applying stakeholder theory to logistics, this paper provides a greater understanding for the challenges of humanitarian logisticians.
Practical implications
A stakeholder categorization of the challenges of humanitarian logisticians helps to find potential collaboration partners as well as to mitigate these challenges.
Originality/value
Humanitarian logistics is a rather new field in logistics literature. What is more, there is a lack of empirical cases in the field. This paper proposes a conceptual model based on an actual empirical case.
Computer-aided decision-support tools are part and parcel of the emergency planning and management process today. Much is dependent on using modern technology to gather and analyse data on damage assessment, meteorology, demography, etc. and provide decision support for prevention/mitigation, response and recovery. Diverse technologies are merged to provide useful functions to aid the emergency planner/manager. Complexities arise when attempting to link several streams of technology to achieve a realistic, usable and reliable decision-support tool. This discussion identifies and analyses the challenging issues faced in linking two technologies: simulation modelling and GIS, to design spatial decision-support systems for evacuation planing. Experiences in designing CEMPS, a prototype designed for area evacuation planning, are drawn on to discuss relevant managerial, behavioural, processual and technical issues. Focus is placed on modelling evacuee behaviour, generating realistic scenarios, validation, logistics, etc. while also investigating future trends and developments.
Purpose
This paper aims to further the understanding of planning and carrying out logistics operations in disaster relief.
Design/methodology/approach
Topical literature review of academic and practitioner journals.
Findings
Creates a framework distinguishing between actors, phases, and logistical processes of disaster relief. Drawing parallels of humanitarian logistics and business logistics, the paper discovers and describes the unique characteristics of humanitarian logistics while recognizing the need of humanitarian logistics to learn from business logistics.
Research limitations/implications
The paper is conceptual in nature; empirical research is needed to support the framework. The framework sets a research agenda for academics.
Practical implications
Useful discussion of the unique characteristics of humanitarian logistics. The framework provides practitioners with a tool for planning and carrying out humanitarian logistics operations.
Originality/value
No overarching framework for humanitarian logistics exists in the logistics literature so far. The field of humanitarian logistics has so far received limited attention by logistics academics.
Purpose
Critical success factors (CSFs) have been widely used in the context of commercial supply chains. However, in the context of humanitarian aid (HA) this is a poorly addressed area and this paper therefore aims to set out the key areas for research.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a conceptual discussion of CSFs as applied to the HA sector. A detailed literature review is undertaken to identify CSFs in a commercial context and to consider their applicability to the HA sector.
Findings
CSFs have not previously been identified for the HA sector, an issue addressed in this paper.
Research limitations/implications
The main constraint on this paper is that CSFs have not been previously considered in the literature as applied to HA. The relevance of CSFs will therefore need to be tested in the HA environment and qualitative research is needed to inform further work.
Practical implications
This paper informs the HA community of key areas of activity which have not been fully addressed and offers.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the understanding of supply chain management in an HA context.
This paper reports on research conducted by the authors, and others, on how appropriate supply chain strategies can be developed which are contingent upon market characteristics and which seek to achieve simultaneously higher levels of customer responsiveness yet at less total cost to the supply chain as a whole. Lean and agile principles are then juxtaposed according to the requisite business strategy via a time-space matrix. This determines whether the lean-agile principles are separated by time, by space or by both space and time. A number of case studies are presented highlighting ways in which hybrid lean/agile supply chains can be created.
Disasters are on the rise, more complex, and donor support is increasingly unpredictable. In response to this trend humanitarian agencies are looking for more efficient and effective solutions. This paper discusses the evolution of supply chain management in disaster relief and the role of new players like the private sector. It is based on research conducted by the Humanitarian Research Group at INSEAD.
Humanitarian relief environments engage a large number and variety of actors, each with different missions, interests, capacity, and logistics expertise. While coordination mechanisms within the domain of commercial supply chain management have been well studied, coordination in humanitarian relief chains is still in its infancy. In this study, we review the challenges in coordinating humanitarian relief chains and describe the current and emerging coordination practices in disaster relief. We also examine some widely practiced supply chain coordination mechanisms and evaluate their adaptability to the unique relief environment.
As the lean thinking and agile manufacturing paradigms have been developed there has been a tendency to view them in a progression and in isolation. This article shows that this is too simplistic a view. The use of either paradigm has to be combined with a total supply chain strategy particularly considering market knowledge and positioning of the decoupling point as agile manufacturing is best suited to satisfying a fluctuating demand and lean manufacturing requires a level schedule. This view is supported by consideration of a PC supply chain case study.
Supply chain activities connected with providing humanitarian aid (HA) are often treated as a series of discrete activities. The view that each aspect should be seen as part of a continuum has not generally been a priority, often leading to large amounts of waste (McGuire, 2001). Much of the theory underpinning commercial supply chain processes is similar, although not necessarily directly transferable to HA due to a variety of factors including funding, employment, location, political and physical instability, a lack of logistics knowledge and the urgency inherent in emergency situations. This paper addresses the notional applicability of lean logistics techniques such as value chain analysis (VCA) to the requirements of HA supply chains, discussing the theoretical basis for its use and how it could be used to improve efficiency and effectiveness. The paper concludes that there is significant scope for the application of such techniques which could have a fundamental bearing on how HA supply chains are implemented.
The 2004 Thailand tsunami reviewed: Lesson learned
- S Pettit
- A Beresford
- M Whiting
- R Banomyong
Logistics and supply chain management. Creating value adding networks
- M Christopher
Introduction Humanitarian logistics. Meeting the challenge of preparing for and responding to disasters
- M Christopher
- P Tatham
Preparing for the worst
- K Cottrill
Why logistics? Forced Migration Review
- A Thomas
Lean, agile or leagile?
- R Mason-Jones
- B Naylor
- D R Towill
UN joint logistics centre: A
- D B Kaatrud
- R Samii
- L N Van Wassenhove