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Managing Graffiti at Tourist Attractions
Abstract
The study of vandalism, particularly graffiti at tourist attractions is dispersed across several academic disciplines; within the field of tourism itself, vandalism has received limited attention. This paper examines vandalism prevention methods employed at the Borobudur Temple in Indonesia to suggest alternative approaches to heritage management that takes into account tourists’ desires to deface attractions through graffiti. Drawing on fieldwork observations and examples of graffiti deterrence found in North America and Asia, this study suggests that managing attractions in Asia has to consider tourists desires as much as placing emphasis on traditional punitive actions and preventative measures.
... Such behaviour, which is quite common, includes violence (Hughes et al., 2008;Kerr, de Kock, 2002), destruction of native flora (e.g. plants, corals) by taking it home as a souvenir (Weaver, 2006), lack of respect for cultural traditions (Bhati, Pearce, 2016) and putting illegal graffiti on buildings (Thirumaran, 2013). The behaviour is damaging for tourist assets, but it can also hinder consumption and negatively impact the tourist experiences of other visitors, causing tangible losses to tourism businesses. ...
The aim was to determine how tourism innovations, including controversial types of tourism, are perceived by consumers. The hypothesis adopted was that there would be statistically significant correlations between demographic variables, the respondents’ perception of innovations and their propensity to engage in non-normative behaviour during tourism trips. The study was conducted using the CAWI surveying technique by means of an online questionnaire (N = 407). The respondents had noticed significant changes in the tourism industry and the majority were in favour of those innovations. These mainly related to the development of tourist service infrastructure. The study found a statistically significant difference between male and female respondents with more males in favour of introducing controversial tourism offers to the market. Male respondents were also more likely to engage in deviant behaviour.
... do przemocy (Hughes i in., 2008;Kerr, de Kock, 2002), niszczenia obiektów rodzimej flory (np. roślin, koralowców) traktowanych jako pamiątki z podróży (Weaver, 2006), braku szacunku dla tradycji kulturowych (Bhati, Pearce, 2016) lub tworzenia nielegalnych graffiti na budynkach (Thirumaran, 2013). Wpływają destrukcyjnie nie tylko na walory turystyczne, ale mogą również utrudniać konsumpcję i zaburzać doświadczenia turystyczne innych odwiedzających, powodując wymierne straty dla przedsiębiorstw sektora podróży. ...
Celem badań było zdiagnozowanie sposobu postrzegania przez nabywców innowacji, przy uwzględnieniu traktowanych jako ich element składowy kontrowersyjnych rodzajów turystyki. Przyjęto hipotezę o istnieniu istotnych statystycznie zależności zachodzących pomiędzy zmiennymi metrykalnymi a postrzeganiem innowacji i skłonnościami respondentów do zachowań nienormatywnych podczas podróży. W badaniu wykorzystano metodę CAWI, a wywiad z respondentami (N = 407) przeprowadzono drogą elektroniczną. Badani zauważają istotne zmiany w przemyśle turystycznym i są w większości ich zwolennikami. Główny kierunek innowacji obejmuje sferę zagospodarowania obszarów na potrzeby obsługi podróżnych. Istotne różnice pojawiają się w przypadku mężczyzn, którzy statystycznie częściej niż kobiety akceptują wdrażanie kontrowersyjnych ofert turystycznych do praktyk rynkowych. Chętniej przejawiają oni także zachowania o charakterze dewiacyjnym.
... Graffiti is also significant for postmodern tourists who wish to experience a city through reading its marks and symbols. Moreover, tourists may want to leave a footprint on the landscape, and this behavioral intention demonstrates that tourists' desire to interact with their destinations (Thirumaran, 2013). ...
As an alternative form of tourist attraction, street art has received little attention in the tourism literature. This study focused on Berlin as a typical destination that has used street art to successfully attract tourists. Based on thematic analyses of the tourist reviews of the street art at the East Side Gallery, a section of the Berlin Wall, on
TripAdvisor, this study explores how tourists experienced the street art attractions. Analysis of the data disclosed four main themes: wall, art, history, and visits. Despite its historical theme, the East Side Gallery was mainly experienced as an art rather than a heritage site. The tourists had mixed feelings about the site, experiencing sadness associated with the history of the wall and aesthetic pleasure aroused by the murals. The implications for future studies are noted.
... For example, some scenic areas offer free admission tickets to tourists who collect trash and some scenic areas reward tourists who report others' deviant tourist behavior. However, no existing literature have tested the effects of punishment and reward on deviant tourist behavior (e.g., Hughes et al. 2008;Li and Chen 2017;Thirumaran 2013;Uriely, Ram, and Malach-Pines 2011). ...
Deviant tourist behavior is destructive to both the tourist experience and tourism development. Punishment and reward are two regulation approaches that are widely used to reduce deviant tourist behavior. However, few scholars have considered why punishment and reward are occasionally ineffective. Based on reinforcement sensitivity theory, this article explored the effects of punishment and reward on reducing deviant tourist behavior intention. Following the rules of a quasi-experiment design, a scenario-based survey was conducted to test hypotheses. The results showed that both punishment and reward have negative effects on deviant tourist behavior intention. However, groups with high sensitivity and groups with low sensitivity to punishment or reward exhibited significant disparities. In addition, the awareness of the impact of tourism was found to mediate the effects of punishment and reward on reducing deviant tourist behavior intention. This study contributes to a better understanding of this phenomenon for scholars and practitioners.
Why Study Vandalism? Definitions and Demographics. Causation. Intervention: Alternative Strategies. Intervention: Implementation Tactics. Intervention: Combinations and Evaluation. Ecovandalism and Psychological Inquiry. Index.
Managers are consistently challenged to reconcile the impacts of recreational activity and tourism with protection of the integrity of the natural resources upon which these experiences depend. In the absence of opportunities for active resource management, the ability of natural mitigation processes to sustain natural resources becomes a critical attribute of resource viability. This case study, therefore, examines the relationship between natural mitigation processes and a specific form of tourist management—signage—on the Zeke's Island Component of the North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve Program (NCNERR). The island features of the Zeke's Island Component of the NCNERR are primarily accessible by small boat. Activities common for tourists to engage in at the Reserve are fishing, swimming, hiking, bird watching, and camping. Phase # of the study examined whether, given the absence of visitor management, natural processes mitigate recreation and tourism impacts caused by these activities. Phase #2 of the study examined whether the use of signs is an effective passive management technique in restricting recreation and tourism camping behavior. The results of the study indicate that: 1) natural processes mitigate most, but not all, recreation and tourism impacts on the subject site, and 2) signage can be an effective approach for passively managing human behavior and tourism in natural resource settings.
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