No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Sociological Methods: A Sourcebook
... It enables underlying assumptions and beliefs to emerge that are reflective of both internal and external aspects of regulator culture, while taking established cultural frameworks into account. We utilize triangulation as a means of combining data sources and methods to identify consistencies in our data, and also discrepancies, through which new interpretations and insights can emerge (Denzin, 1978;Merriam & Tisdell, 2016;Patton, 1999). From this, we develop a reputation-focused model of regulator culture. ...
... We include input from external, as well as internal, stakeholders to locate the regulator within its wider institutional network . Using a triangulation approach across multiple data sources and methods (Denzin, 1978;Merriam & Tisdell, 2016;Patton, 1999), we assess organizational culture in case research of a UK risk regulator, and address the following research questions: ...
... Following an invitation from the regulator to conduct an independent culture assessment, we began with an initial stage of familiarization (February 2022-March 2022), and collected data over an 8-month period (April 2022-November 2022). Our methodological approach (which is illustrated in Figure 1) is an abductive case study that involved data collection from multiple sources (e.g., the regulator, dutyholders, and government), using multiple qualitative methods (e.g., interviews, focus groups, and observations), and triangulation across both sources and methods 2 (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2017;Denzin, 1978;Merriam & Tisdell, 2016;Patton, 1999). Our purposeful sampling strategy aimed for maximum variation across a range of perspectives (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2017;Patton, 2002). ...
Regulator culture has a significant influence on dutyholder safety in high‐risk industries, but there is currently limited research that has explored its nature and implications for effective risk regulation. Building on existing cultural theory and literature on reputational risk, we aim to address this hiatus by exploring regulator culture through an assessment of attitudes, beliefs, and norms that are shared within a UK risk regulator, and represent its underlying cultural values. We utilized an abductive case study approach, which involved multiple qualitative methodologies (comprising analysis of 68 documents, 19 interviews, nine focus groups, and seven observations), engaging both internal and external stakeholders. Based on triangulation, we developed a model and rich description of regulator culture, and addressed the following questions: What is a regulator culture for safety? What cultural values do risk regulators need for effective oversight of a high‐risk industry? Our model encapsulates the core values of regulator culture (process orientation, professionalism, and independence) that together support the regulator's reputation, which is central to its cultural identity. Our findings extend risk theory and research by advancing knowledge of the mechanisms through which culture impacts regulatory practice. We highlight how the drive to protect reputation has benefits, but also a potential “dark side.” Latterly, we emphasize the dynamic and paradoxical nature of cultural values, and how this affects the regulator's ability to continually improve and strengthen its culture over time, as well as the implications for effective regulatory oversight.
... Taking into account the inherent limited generalizability that springs from the case study approach, the selection of this ecosystem should offer insights that are generalizable beyond the case at hand by illustrating the emergence of data access control principles adoption. (ii) The researchers employed methodological triangulation [55,56], combining semistructured interviews with insights on the level of data competitiveness and actor relationships in data ecosystems from the extant academic literature. Methodological triangulation combines multiple research methods to strengthen the reliability and depth of findings, enhancing this study's validity by reducing potential biases that could arise from a single method [55]. ...
... (ii) The researchers employed methodological triangulation [55,56], combining semistructured interviews with insights on the level of data competitiveness and actor relationships in data ecosystems from the extant academic literature. Methodological triangulation combines multiple research methods to strengthen the reliability and depth of findings, enhancing this study's validity by reducing potential biases that could arise from a single method [55]. Triangulation enhances credibility, validity, and depth of findings [56]. ...
... Potential candidates were identified based on industry experts' referrals and activity in the Solid community (https://solidcommunity.be/ (accessed on 6 January 2025)). To counter potential biases associated with snowball sampling, we triangulated interview data with the outcomes of the literature review [55]. This triangulation allowed us to validate interview findings and minimize the influence of individual biases, thereby enhancing the study's reliability. ...
This research investigates data providers’ willingness to grant data access control to data subjects in user-centric Personal Data Ecosystems (PDEs), where individuals control their data disclosure. PDEs introduce unique challenges, as data subjects may share competitive data with rival companies, which is not addressed by existing frameworks on data sharing between businesses grounded in resource-based theory (RBT). Through 25 interviews with private sector actors in the Flemish Social Linked Data (Solid) ecosystem triangulated with 56 papers from the existing literature, a typology of strategies for data access control was developed. This typology is based on two key dimensions, data competitiveness and actor relationships, creating four strategic scenarios that guide whether data providers are likely to grant data access control. The findings offer a framework for PDE governance, helping stakeholders to develop strategies enabling data availability and ensure the long-term sustainability of PDEs.
... In-depth individual (IDI) interviews have shown notable capabilities in qualitative research and data collection (Patton, 1999;Carter et al., 2014;Denzin, 2017;Tracy, 2019). The IDI interview is widely referred to as a powerful tool for exploring and understanding the depth of the research topic, ranging from structured and controlled to unstructured and fluid (Patton, 1999;Fontana & Frey, 2000;Russell, Gregory, Ploeg, Dicenso, & Guyatt, 2005;Carter et al., 2014;Denzin, 2017;Schulze & Dallasega, 2023). ...
... In-depth individual (IDI) interviews have shown notable capabilities in qualitative research and data collection (Patton, 1999;Carter et al., 2014;Denzin, 2017;Tracy, 2019). The IDI interview is widely referred to as a powerful tool for exploring and understanding the depth of the research topic, ranging from structured and controlled to unstructured and fluid (Patton, 1999;Fontana & Frey, 2000;Russell, Gregory, Ploeg, Dicenso, & Guyatt, 2005;Carter et al., 2014;Denzin, 2017;Schulze & Dallasega, 2023). In this study, SSIs were conducted in multiple libraries within Nordic countries, and the collected information was analyzed using the qualitative content analysis recommended by Mayring (2004). ...
Purpose
Libraries, as a peaceful arena for promoting knowledge and culture, are often challenged by various means, which are mostly linked to the material handling. However, literature shorts fall in either recognizing how material handling comes under threat or evaluating the influence of promising solutions on the library’s performance. Thus, this study aims to present a comprehensive understanding of material handling in the library through the identification of characteristics, key performance indicators (KPIs) and challenges of this driving factor.
Design/methodology/approach
This research benefits from a triangulation of qualitative methods, including systematic literature review, case study, in-depth semi-structured interview (SSI) and focus group meetings, to present a comprehensive understanding of material handling in the library.
Findings
The initial findings highlight the characteristics, i.e. incremental inventory, no packaging, open access order, etc., and the KPIs of material handling in the library: flexibility, productivity, service quality and cost. In addition, the challenges that limit the libraries’ performance are discovered based on field observation through five Nordic libraries (Norway and Finland), which are further studied for discovering the potential remedies. Corollaries advise that material handling challenges in the library are potentially tackled through three pillars, known as Triple E’s: employee, equipment and environment.
Originality/value
The performance of libraries is notably linked to the material handling processes and this agenda has received limited attention by academia. This study is among the initial research efforts in this context seeking to develop a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics, KPIs and challenges of material handling in the library and facilitate the improvement of library’s performance.
... Other materials, including books and articles about the sharing economy, were used to gain a general understanding of the sharing economy, its modes of organizing (e.g., business models), and the different perspectives of various actors over time. Multiple data sources, as summarized in Table 1, allowed "triangulation" and verification of the findings derived from the primary data (Denzin, 1978). ...
... Our goal was to provide process explanations that involve "causality composed of explicit chains of events, activity and interactions that may or may not accomplish things over time" (Cloutier & Langley, 2020: 4). We ensured that the ordering of events and activities was accurate (Mohr, 1982), and we ruled out possible alternative explanations through "triangulation" and verification of our findings using multiple data sources (Denzin, 1978). Additionally, we considered counterfactual scenarios and boundary conditions to strengthen our confidence in the causal relationships within our process model (Durand & Vaara, 2009). ...
In their efforts to tackle grand challenges, social movements often create and promote a category infused with moral values and purpose. Examples serve as rhetorical devices in shaping and defining a category’s meaning. However, the role of examples in categorical dynamics has been largely overlooked in existing research. In our study, we use qualitative research methods to examine the sharing economy category between 2004 and 2019, focusing on how the category’s initiating social movement and the press use examples during the phases of category obscurity, growth, and decline. Our findings reveal that the social movement utilizes rhetorical practices such as “example proliferation,” “example concentration,” and “exemplar vilification.” We delve into the motivations behind these strategies and their outcomes, analyzing their impact on the actions of both the press and the social movement and the resulting shifts in the category’s meanings. We underscore the double-edged nature of exemplars—the most salient and prominent examples—highlighting their capacity to mainstream a category while also potentially steering it towards undesired changes, and ultimately, its decline. This has profound implications for the category’s usefulness in addressing grand challenges.
... According to Denzin (2006), triangulation takes place at four levels: a) method, which allows researchers to bring multiple methods to their study to examine any issue; b) data, which refers to collection of data from multiple sources; c) investigator, in which more than one investigator/evaluator takes part in data collection, analysis and interpretation in order to assess whether similar conclusions can be reached; and d) theory, whereby multiple theories are brought into dialogue to study a phenomenon of interest (see also Carter et al., 2014;Kuhi, 2023 for further details on triangulation in qualitative research). Sub-study 1 in the present doctoral dissertation (see Shah, 2023a) triangulated critical and poststructural perspectives in discourse studies as multiple perspectives enhance the quality of research and create more knowledge. ...
Textbooks and pedagogy have been studied as instruments for enacting national and global agendas. They are often viewed as reproductive tools to propagate dominant rationalities in learners. This deterministic view, however, has been countered to suggest that classrooms, teaching materials and pedagogical practices are also epistemological sites for constituting conflicting subject positions, with a possibility for negotiation and change. This doctoral study conducted in a Global South context – Pakistan – focuses on ELT textbook analysis and pedagogy, specifically teachers’ engagement and negotiation with textbook discourses in ELT classes. The study serves a twofold purpose: 1) empirically, it examines competing discourses available to learners in locally produced ELT textbooks, and how teachers engage and negotiate with these discourses, and 2) theoretically, given the hegemony of North-centric discourse-analytic tools in textbook and pedagogy research, this doctoral study seeks to synthesize Southern perspectives with Northern-centric critical discourse studies (CDS) to diversify feminist CDS scholarship, particularly through a Muslim feminist perspective. Data in the study was gathered from 12 English language textbooks (Grades 1-12) and semi-structured interviews with 40 teachers. Informed by CDS frameworks and an intersectionality lens, findings suggest that on the one hand, textbooks tend to reproduce dominant discourses: for example, national subjecthood, constitution of the Other (e.g. internal/external), and a patriarchal interpretation of Islam to shape masculinist and class-based gender subjectivities. On the other hand, they also embody celebratory discourses relating to gendered, ethnic and religious subjectivities of learners, thereby creating ruptures while expressing the dual character of textbooks. Teachers’ engagements and negotiations with textbook discourses can be characterized by their strategic relations with institutionalized discourses, showing both complacency and agency. Pedagogy in this sense can be considered an emancipatory hope and agentive action to counter privileged representations that tend to marginalize diversity in Pakistani ELT classrooms. The study further discusses implications, limitations, theoretical contribution and future research directions.
... One researcher was assigned with the role of lead codebook manager (ML), and took charge of all changes in the process and agreements that were made on how to use the codebook. There were four coders (JB, SCr, MB, and ML), and to promote dependability and credibility (Lincoln & Guba, 1985), we performed investigator triangulation (Denzin, 1978) by coding narratives with three coders per narrative. Coding of each narrative was performed sentence-by-sentence (one sentence = one quotation), with a restriction of maximally three codes per quotation. ...
In deze bijdrage wordt verslag gedaan van een studie die onderzoekt of het CHIME-raamwerk voor herstel mogelijk ook geschikt is om persoonlijk herstel, behalve bij mensen met psychotische klachten, te onderzoeken bij mensen met andere diagnoses, zoals stemmingsgerelateerde klachten en autisme. Dit werd onderzocht door dertig herstel- en ervaringsverhalen uit de ‘Verhalenbank Psychiatrie’ (UMC Utrecht) binnen verschillende diagnostische groepen te analyseren op de elementen van het CHIME-raamwerk. De conclusie is dat persoonlijk herstel inderdaad een transdiagnostisch concept is.
... Takim też badaniem jest studium jakościowe, wchodzące w skład innych badań społecznych, w jakościowo-ilościowym schemacie badań (The Mixed Research Methodology, McKim, 2017), w interdyscyplinarnym projekcie CoMobility 3 . Zastosowanie triangulacji metodologicznej (Denzin, 2017;Oppermann, 2000) pozwala uzyskać szerokokątny, a jednocześnie dogłębny obraz tematu. ...
Residents of Warsaw willingly drive around the city in cars and take
their children with them, despite the fact that the city has a very good public transport network and relatively well-developed other forms of transport. And despite that, as they declare, they would like to travel with their children in a more sustainable way and live in a city without traffic jams and smog.
In this text we try to explain this paradox, pointing out both rational and emotional components of attitudes towards urban mobility; towards owning and using one's own car and renting or sharing it and towards using more sustainable forms of transport (such as public transport, bicycle or scooter and walking).
We also describe and explain to what extent the Warsaw residents surveyed feel responsible for the state of the air in their neighbourhood and whether they see an impact of their transport choices on its quality. We also try to answer the question - whether, and if so how, having children makesmore sensitive to sustainable transport issues.
Based on the social research carried out as part of the international CoMobility study, we also attempt to explain how the preferences of children themselves can influence a family's transport choices and why we see this as an opportunity for positive change.
Mieszkańcy Warszawy chętnie jeżdżą po mieście samochodami i wożą
nimi swoje dzieci, mimo że miasto posiada bardzo dobrą sieć komunikacji
miejskiej i relatywnie dobrze rozwinięte inne formy transportu. I pomimo
że – jak deklarują – chcieliby z dziećmi podróżować w sposób bardziej
zrównoważony i mieszkać w mieście bez korków i smogu.
W tekście staramy się wytłumaczyć ten paradoks, wskazując zarówno na
racjonalne, jak i emocjonalne komponenty postaw wobec miejskiej mobilności;
wobec posiadania i używania własnego samochodu osobowego
oraz wypożyczania go czy współdzielenia i wobec korzystania z bardziej
zrównoważonych form transportu (takich jak komunikacja miejska, rower
czy hulajnoga oraz chodzenie pieszo).
Opisujemy i wyjaśniamy także, w jakim stopniu badani warszawiacy czują
się odpowiedzialni za stan powietrza w okolicy i czy widzą wpływ swoich
wyborów komunikacyjnych na jego jakość. Staramy się także odpowiedzieć
na pytanie – czy, a jeśli tak, to w jaki sposób, posiadanie dzieci czyni ich
bardziej wyczulonymi na kwestie zrównoważonego transportu.
Na podstawie badań społecznych przeprowadzonych w ramach międzynarodowego
badania CoMobility podejmujemy także próbę wyjaśnienia, jak
preferencje samych dzieci mogą wpływać na wybory transportowe rodziny
i dlaczego upatrujemy w tym szansę na pozytywną zmianę.
... This study employed a parallel mixed-methods design (Tashakkori et al., 2020) to ensure research rigor (Denzin, 2017). The design consisted of two strands: one focused on collecting and analyzing quantitative data (surveys), while the other focused on qualitative data (interviews, debriefings, and screen recordings). ...
In response to the demand for Artificial Intelligence (AI) experts, this study introduced a curriculum development initiative. The aim was to design and implement a Private AI curriculum to understand the computer science (CS) students’ evaluations of the curricular activities and their levels of interest and motivation. Twenty-five students, a mix of undergraduates and graduates, were recruited and a scaled-down version of the curriculum was implemented. A parallel mixed-methods approach was employed. The results reinforced the significance of problem-centered curricula in CS context. Students rated the curricular activities highly and demonstrated strong motivation; however, graduates expressed more favorable view of pairwise collaboration and reported higher self-efficacy. Analysis of coding problem-solving behaviors suggested less competent students often relied on trial-and-error, whereas more competent students employed systematic, forward problem-solving strategies. This study contributes to the field of CS by emphasizing the importance of problem-centered learning to prepare students for real-world AI challenges.
... The quantitative and qualitative data in this study should be discussed from multiple angles to explain the CPS of drone learning activities. The data triangulation technique has been utilized to examine the validity of drone learning performance (Denzin, 1978). Data triangulation in this study includes the survey data from questionnaires, attainment tests, and instructor observational records. ...
This study explored drone-based learning in educational contexts using a mixed-method design to identify key learning attributes. After completing researcher-developed drone tasks, 73 learners demonstrated a significantly improved understanding of drone concepts and proficiency in Blockly coding. However, learners perceived self-efficacy as significantly lower than other self-regulated strategies in drone activities. Task-based drone activities, facilitated by group settings, encouraged learners to develop metacognition through collective scaffolding methods, such as peer discussions and team testing. The identified learning attributes provide valuable insights for educators in designing assessments for collaborative drone problem-solving. Additionally, the interplay among effort regulation, problem-solving, and cooperativity observed in this study offers essential references for the future development of distributed expertise systems.
... In the pursuit of validity and reliability of the thematic analysis, we tried to mitigate possible biases through triangulation (Denzin, 2012(Denzin, , 2017Lincoln & Denzin, 2000). We implemented data triangulation by incorporating data from four difference schools and classrooms. ...
The current study explores the quality of students’ argumentation within the context of Adaptive Comparative Judgment (ACJ) and Learning by Evaluation (LbE), focusing on the Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (CER) framework. The aim is to understand what students consider essential for superior engineering design journals and why, particularly examining evidence and reasoning components. Thirty-five students from four high schools participated in LbE, justifying their preferences for selected options. These schools were part of a broader five-school project, though one did not conduct the relevant session and was excluded from the study. Utilizing the CER framework, the study analyzed the structure of scientific argumentation, supplemented by thematic analysis to elucidate students' reasoning. Three response models emerged: Claim-Evidence (CE), Claim-Reasoning (CR), and CER. CE responses lacked reasoning, while CR responses lacked evidence. Students favored design portfolios with visual aids, detailed content, documentation of design failures, and clearly stated challenges. For reasoning, students highlighted the value of clear explanations of the design process, facilitation of group and individual work, idea generation, and instructional clarity. The study underscores the importance of teacher-led scaffolding to help students articulate comprehensive claims and suggests structured group discussions and modeling as effective supports.
... A mixed-method approach was used to determine the engineering student's language learning outcomes and perceptions of the CT method in learning speaking and writing. The mixed method enables a multi-pronged research design and the triangulation of the data, which combines methodologies or research instruments to attain the validity and reliability of the study (Denzin, 2006). Mixed research uses the combined strengths of quantitative and qualitative approaches while compensating for the weaknesses of both approaches (Guba & Lincoln, 2005). ...
Speaking and writing skills are essential communication skills for engineering students to excel in academic classrooms and professional workplaces. This study examines the effects of co-teaching (CT) on engineering students’ learning outcomes in oral presentations and report-writing skills and students’ perceptions of their learning experience in a CT classroom, as compared to the traditional solo-teaching methods. A mixed method approach was employed, combining a true experimental design with pre-and post-tests, reflection papers, and a focus group discussion. Seventy-eight engineering students were randomly selected into three treatment and one control groups: 1) CT group (n = 20), 2) Engineering instructor (EI)-led (n = 21) group, 3) Communication skills instructor (CI)-led group (n = 22) and 4) Control group (n = 15). The results showed that CT provided a positive learning experience for engineering students, though it did not show any significant effect on speaking. Nonetheless, the CT method significantly outperformed the EI method in writing. Participants perceived CT positively in enhancing their learning experiences in promoting engagement in learning, reinforcing language awareness for specific purposes, and enhancing metalanguage use. In this way, this study offers insights into CT as a pedagogical tool for speaking and writing in an engineering context.
... Untuk meningkatkan validitas penelitian, dilakukan triangulasi data dengan membandingkan hasil wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Denzin (1978) menjelaskan bahwa triangulasi adalah teknik yang digunakan untuk memastikan keakuratan data dengan mengombinasikan berbagai sumber informasi. Dengan cara ini, penelitian ini dapat menghasilkan kesimpulan yang lebih valid dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. ...
This research aims to explore School-Based Management (SBM) as a strategy to enhance the quality of education. Employing a qualitative approach with a multi-site case study method, this study gathered data through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis across several schools implementing SBM. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify patterns and themes emerging from the data. The research findings indicate that SBM grants greater autonomy to schools in managing resources and making decisions, which positively impacts educational quality. However, the implementation of SBM faces challenges such as a lack of understanding and preparedness among educators, as well as resource limitations. Active participation from all stakeholders and strong school leadership are key factors for the success of SBM. This study concludes that integrating SBM with other approaches like school autonomy, active participation, and transformational leadership is necessary to achieve optimal educational quality. Keywords: School Based Management (SBM), Educational Quality, School Autonomy, School Participation, School Leadership
... Estos temas y subtemas se organizaron jerárquicamente. Para reducir los sesgos de interpretación, se realizó triangulación del análisis entre los investigadores durante la codificación inicial, selección de temas y subtemas (Denzin, 2006). En específico, todas las encuestas fueron analizadas por dos investigadores de forma independiente para luego comparar sus respectivas codificaciones. ...
Resumen El trauma interpersonal corresponde a todo tipo de experiencia traumática causada por otra persona. En Chile existen programas de intervención para apoyar a las víctimas de trauma interpersonal, pero se centran mayori-tariamente en la reducción de sintomatología, descuidando otros aspectos importantes. El objetivo fue describir la percepción de profesionales de centros especializados en trauma interpersonal sobre las necesidades y mo-tivaciones de adolescentes al iniciar una intervención reparatoria. Participaron 85 profesionales que atienden adolescentes expuestos al trauma interpersonal. Mediante una encuesta online, manifestaron sus opiniones sobre las necesidades de los adolescentes y los adultos responsables de ellos al iniciar intervenciones reparatorias. Los participantes reconocen la necesidad de reducir sintomatología, pero también señalan que hay necesidades más básicas e igualmente relevantes para la reparación. Destacan entre ellas la necesidad de ser validados y creídos, ser cuidados y respetados, así como de recibir apoyo social. Asimismo, se encuentran motivados por recuperar la confianza en sí mismos y desarrollar sus recursos personales para realizar actividades normales de la etapa de la adolescencia. Estos hallazgos permiten visibilizar factores a considerar en las intervenciones reparatorias. Abstract Interpersonal trauma consists in any traumatic experience caused by other human beings. In Chile, although there are programs of intervention to support victims, these are mainly focused on reducing symptoms, neglecting other important aspects. The objective was to describe the perception of professionals from centers specialized in interpersonal trauma about the needs and motivations of adolescents when starting a reparative intervention. The participants were 85 professionals who work with adolescents exposed to interpersonal trauma. Through an online survey, they expressed their views on the needs of adolescents and their caregivers when initiating specialized interventions. Participants recognize the need to reduce symptoms but point out that there are more basic needs relevant to recovery. Among them, the need to be validated and believed, to be cared for and respected, as well as to receive social support stands out. They are also motivated to regain self-confidence and develop their personal resources to carry out normal activities during adolescence. These findings make it possible to make visible factors to be considered in the interventions.
... Para el análisis de resultados se utilizó el enfoque antropológico y la triangulación de métodos (cualitativos y cuantitativos) con la finalidad de comprender mejor la realidad de un colectivo, como lo menciona Denzin (1970). ...
Las posibilidades de la investigación en torno a la alimentación como hecho complejo, social y total se han incrementado en las últimas décadas. En diferentes partes del mundo, se generan diálogos, encuentros, coloquios, congresos, que muestran la urgencia de confrontar, discutir y ampliar las perspectivas teórico-metodológicas sobre el abordaje de este gran campo. Sobresale la necesidad de aportar, generar alternativas en materia de consumo, salud y bienestar. En este sentido, el presente texto tiene por objetivo visibilizar la alimentación como un hecho complejo atravesado por variables estructurales, significativas, subjetivas, entrecruzadas con un sistema alimentario global y contemporáneo. Pero no solo para su comprensión teórica científica, sino para avanzar hacia la propuesta de alternativas para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de la sociedad.
El desafío es comprender que el hecho alimentario permite, a pesar del sistema global, la emosignificación de las actividades y prácticas culinarias. Producir conocimiento desde las emociones y significados sociales y culturales ha sido una vía cultivada desde los espacios de encuentro y diálogo en donde ha surgido la Red de investigación: “Cultura y alimentación. Enfoques multidisciplinarios” registrada en el Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT). Nuestras investigaciones partieron de un abordaje multidisciplinar, pero en el camino nos hemos dado cuenta de nuestro avance hacia la interdisciplina porque de diagnosticar, registrar y analizar, hemos empezado a asumir las fuertes tensiones que atraviesan las problemáticas alimentarias del mundo contemporáneo, en consecuencia, surgieron propuestas, alternativas incipientes para el bienestar social.
... Initially, IWA preparing for the university entrance exam, IWA with university experience, and others (parents, lecturers, and friends) with experience working with IWA were invited to participate. To enhance the validity of the findings, data triangulation was employed, gathering perspectives from different participant groups on the same topic (Denzin, 2017). ...
This study examines the barriers faced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (IWA) in Turkish higher education. A phenomenological design was employed, involving 18 participants, including IWA, parents, lecturers, and friends with relevant experience. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that the challenges faced by IWA begin in childhood and persist throughout their university education. The study highlights the critical role of parental involvement in overcoming these barriers. It is suggested that this primary responsibility should shift from being managed by parents to being guided by policies. Additionally, it underscores the importance of integrating cultural factors into the development of policies that support IWA in higher education.
... Prior experience and preunderstanding of the subject matter may aid in extracting data [36] but may be a source of investigator bias [37]. To minimize this and ensure trustworthiness, investigator triangulation was used when analyzing the data [38]. ...
Background
Recent trends indicate that the frequency of major incidents (MIs) is increasing. Healthcare systems are vital actors in societies’ responses to MIs. Well-prepared healthcare systems may mitigate the effects of MIs. Disaster preparedness is based on region-specific risk and vulnerability analyses (RVAs). Hospital incident command groups (HICGs) are commonly formed per hospital’s contingency plan MI to aid in disaster response. Acquiring situational awareness and decision-making in the face of uncertainty are known challenges for HICGs during MIs. However, the remoteness of rural hospitals presents unique challenges.
Aim
The aim of this study was to explore HICG leaders’ perceptions of disaster preparedness in rural hospitals.
Methods
A qualitative study with semi-structured, focus group, and individual interviews was used. The data were analyzed through inductive content analysis.
Results
The analysis generated the main category, HICGs’ confidence in handling major incidents and four categories. These were Uncertainty and level of recognition (containing two subcategories); Awareness of challenges and risks (containing two subcategories); Factors that facilitate preparedness, response, and leadership (containing three subcategories); and Prerequisites for decision-making (containing three subcategories and four subcategories).
Conclusions
HICG leaders generally perceived their hospital’s disaster preparedness as adequate. However, preparedness was found to be influenced by several factors. The findings revealed a complex interplay of factors influencing preparedness and response, particularly highlighting challenges related to geographical isolation and resource constraints. Effective preparedness requires a comprehensive understanding of local contexts, hospital capabilities, and risks, which directly impacts training, decision-making, and resource allocation. Addressing the identified vulnerabilities necessitates targeted interventions focused on situational awareness, decision-making, collaboration, and training.
Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
... Generally, triangulation has four applications: methods, research investigators, theories, and data sources. Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999) highlight that triangulation not only involves methods but also research investigators, theories, and data sources. Triangulation of investigators entails the involvement of multiple researchers in data collection. ...
... The triangulation method used in the research (a method employed in social research to ensure higher quality of research conducted and to reduce measurement error (Denzin, 2017) made it possible to articulate the expectations of the research participants regarding the Church. These expectations are: ...
Aim: The primary aim of this paper is to present the results of research concerning the issues of faith faced by the contemporary generation of Catholics. In doing so, the authors sought to meet the social need for discourse on how to shape the personality of individuals doubting the Gospel message of the Roman Catholic Church, strengthen the faith of its members based on rational premises, and prevent numerous doubts caused by the lack of correlation between religion and science. The secondary aim is to attempt to answer the question of what the faithful expect from their pastors when they struggle with a problem, and which sources of information should be considered reliable. The article concerns the management of contemporary science, hence the text contains a statement regarding management in the Roman Catholic Church as an institution. The multiplicity of research goals means that issues related to management have not been fully exposed. The authors set themselves many goals, and the most important include an attempt to find answers to questions about: the ideological function of theology in the world of science, contemporary styles of pastoral work, collective thinking about the truths of faith. In principle, the articulated goals concern in their entirety the way theological knowledge is managed in theory and its implementation in practice. First, questions are asked about its role in science, then ways of implementing it in pastoral work are sought, and then it is verified through research. Therefore, not only the updating of theological knowledge regarding the mental state of contemporary Catholics is the subject of these considerations, but also ways of deriving new solutions to the contemporary science of the Roman Catholic Church resulting from the conducted research. Methodology/approach: The research method applied in this paper is based on a modified grounded theory, which "treats theory building as a process and is not the verification of pre- constructed hypotheses on the basis of subsequently collected data" (Konecki, 2005). The outcome of such modifications is a "thought process in which vague, inexact notions (concepts) are clarified and strictly defined" (Świątkiewicz, 2024). Grounded theory is considered "one of the best-developed strategies for qualitative research" (Konecki, 2000). Conducting research according to its methodological principles gives the researcher significant freedom to choose the time, place, and situation for data collection, and makes it possible to solve problems that go beyond "what is objective and measurable, enabling the exploration of issues related to assessments, values, experiences, that is, the individual" (Plich, Bauman, 2001, p. 277). This unconventional approach to research is justified when identifying "a specific cause as an explanation of a phenomenon, which simply means its subsumption under a certain universal law or set of such laws" (Blaug, 1955). Grounded theory is not detached from the core issue, it does not rely solely on statistics, but generates new solutions during the research process, as "the methodology of grounded theory is an attempt to oppose traditional, academic methods (from behind a desk) of theory building" (Konecki, 2000). Due to its universal nature, it has been adapted to address issues in pastoral theology (Dworak, 2013). In this case, data analysis using previously made assumptions was abandoned, as this could result in self- confirmation of known concepts. This paper uses the Human Performance Improvement method for the formulation of questions. This method, employed by the American Society for Training and Development, was developed in collaboration with individuals such as Wiliam E. Deming, Peter Drucker, Abraham Maslow, and particularly Donald Kirkpatrick and Jack Philips. It introduced a systemic approach to identifying barriers that hinder employees from performing their work effectively and satisfactorily, and proposed solutions to eliminate these barriers (Gilbert, 2013). In terms of methodology, the article is based on grounded theory, which is why the method was appropriately selected to address the research problem, and the authors argue why they decided to base themselves on this particular method. The choice of grounded theory as a research tool was dictated by the fact that it is a methodology based mainly on empirical research directly related to a given problem. "This approach is therefore rooted in research on organizations and work processes". The research results are treated by her as derivatives of empirical analyses, and the concepts built on their basis are constantly modified and verified". The grounded theory methodology is an attempt to oppose traditional, academic methods (from behind a desk) of building theory. Limitations: A significant limitation for the authors was: developing a research approach that took into account the personalities of the respondents; obtaining honest and reliable answers from those willing to share their thoughts with the authors of this text; presenting conclusions that also considered the context of the research and the conditions under which it was conducted, and consequently articulating conclusions derived from the free discussions that emerged after completing the questionnaire. The authors base their research on their own research, but also on research conducted by other researchers. Therefore, it was assumed that for 75% of the respondents the most important event was the figure of Jesus Christ, who made his teachings credible by his death on the cross. This footnote was used to emphasize the importance of the question, what fascinates you in the Gospel? However - if it is obvious from the point of view of a believer, then this footnote can be removed. Implications: The results of the research will, on one hand, provide useful information to those managing the process of shaping the personalities of the younger generation, and, on the other hand, may represent an important step in the development of pastoral theology, which aims to develop guidelines for the practical activities of the Church in the contemporary world. In addition, other research methods, apart from focus groups, were used. Because according to the principles of grounded theory, focus studies are an essential next step between collecting data and preparing preliminary versions of scientific papers. They are the main method of grounded theory, because they encourage data analysis at an early stage of the research process. Following these recommendations, focus groups were conducted in the form of interviews: simple standardized (questionnaire with scaled answers); simple non-standardized (the person conducting the research has a lot of freedom to ask questions and explain their meaning); in-depth standardized (indirect questions resulting from the context of the research conducted play a large role); in-depth non-standardized (a casual conversation on a given topic). It is obvious that there will always be methodological doubts. Therefore, it must be added that the functioning of any type of organization requires the construction of new concepts that keep up with the progress of civilization. The paradox of some situations is that the social processes taking place in their environment undergo radical changes, while decision-makers do not notice them and persist in presenting their principles - considering them unchangeable. This process should be interrupted by formulating hypotheses and their constant verification and modification of theses as knowledge on a given topic is obtained. Grounded theory can be a good tool that will allow the creation of new concepts, hypotheses and theories, not based on previously accepted axioms and assumptions, but on empiricism referring to the observed reality. Generating theses during research involves: referring to the researcher's ideas and intuition, understanding, and not just searching for cause-effect relationships, carefully selecting places, conditions, people and situations for research, complete freedom, openness, communicativeness and naturalness. Elements of grounded theory have been used, among others, in research on: organizational culture, production control system, causes of disasters, restructuring and recruitment processes in human resources consulting agencies. Due to these features, it was purposeful for us to take the effort to adapt its principles to create new research concepts, appropriate to the time and place of their conduct. The following premises supported this: it is related to a long-term research process, it is subject to rapid modification and verification, it is characterized by high flexibility and aims to comprehensively capture the subject of the research, it is not detached from the essence of the issue, it does not use only statistical data and generates new concepts already during the research. Grounded theory is not a process of formulating hypotheses on the basis of previously collected information, but is an innovative approach to their construction and verification. Value: The scientific value lies in the innovative way of conducting research based on the grounded theory method and the application of the Human Performance Improvement [HPI] method in acquiring knowledge about the implementation of pastoral tasks in the contemporary world (Filipowicz, 2008). Keywords: Roman Catholic Church, management of science, methodology, conceptualisation and operationalisation of research results, grounded theory method.
... The validity of the data was ensured by data triangulation and me mber checks using standard methodologies [11,12]. Multiple data collection techniques and different groups were involved to triangulate the findings [13]. For instance, the insights gathered from Palliative care providers were corroborated by patients and caretakers on multiple occasions. ...
Background
Home-based care is a fundamental component of the Kerala model of palliative care, which has received global recognition. The study explores the experiences of palliative care providers caring for a vulnerable community of patients. Findings may assist in identifying gaps and replicating Kerala’s palliative care model in other settings.
Methods
This descriptive qualitative study was conducted among palliative care providers (PCPs) and other stakeholders working with the Pain and Palliative Care Project of the National Health Mission (NHM), Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala. Three Focus Group Discussions and 21 In-Depth Interviews were conducted among a purposively sampled group of participants including palliative care providers and patients. The validity of the data was ensured by data triangulation and member checks using standard methodologies. All interviews were audio recorded and thematic analysis was done using the Braun & Clarke method.
Results
PCPs experienced a multitude of positive and negative experiences and challenges. They found contentment in establishing an intimate relationship with patients and their families, getting the opportunity to deliver need-based quality care, crossing the hurdles of social acceptance and creating opportunities from challenges; giving them a feeling of satisfaction and self-worth. Challenges faced by caregivers included a lack of acceptance from patients/families, stress, burnout, and helplessness. Additionally, although the program was running efficiently in the community, palliative care providers faced administrative, organizational, and personal barriers that they felt impeded their contributions.
Conclusions
The study gives an in-depth illustration of the challenges and ambivalent experiences of palliative care providers working under Kerala’s home-based palliative care programme, providing care to a vulnerable section of society. The caregivers themselves represent an underprivileged community of nurses who struggle to provide the highest possible care despite the challenges and difficulties.
... To ensure the internal validity and the reliability of the data analysis, several strategies were implemented. First, multiple researchers were involved in the initial coding process, which allowed for triangulation of interpretations and ensured consistency of emerging categories (Denzin, 2006). In addition, an iterative review process took place in which the researchers reviewed and adjusted codes and themes based on a constant comparison between data and theory (Yin, 2009). ...
Self-esteem and entrepreneurial orientation are crucial factors that influence entrepreneurial behavior and performance at both the individual and organizational levels. This study investigates the relationship between self-esteem and entrepreneurial orientation, focusing on how self-esteem may affect attitudes toward entrepreneurship, willingness to take risks, and, ultimately, entrepreneurial success. While previous research has acknowledged the importance of psychological factors in entrepreneurial intention and new venture creation, this study adopts a novel approach by centering self-esteem in the context of entrepreneurship within newly established companies. Given the complexity of the constructs involved, a qualitative approach is well-suited to address the exploratory nature of this research. We conducted a multiple-case study using semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs from various sectors, which provided valuable insights into their personal experiences during their entrepreneurial journeys. The data were carefully analyzed using the Gioia method, a robust framework suitable for examining complex social phenomena and generating context-sensitive theories. This exploratory approach offers a nuanced understanding of the “how” and “why” behind the phenomena investigated, employing abductive reasoning to connect theory and observation. The results indicate a significant relationship between the variables, suggesting that self-esteem positively influences entrepreneurial orientation and, consequently, entrepreneurial success. These preliminary findings generate hypotheses for future research to further explore these relationships and ultimately validate the conclusions across different contexts. This research offers valuable insights for entrepreneurs, educators, and policymakers to develop strategies and support systems that foster self-esteem, enhance overall well-being, and promote entrepreneurial success.
... This approach combined the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method (Smith et al., 2009). An essential aspect of the research was researcher triangulation (Denzin, 1978), particularly during the coding phase. The final stage of coding and processing phenomenological analysis notes involved three coders who worked collaboratively, clarifying the analysis method before starting to ensure consistency and comparability of results (Lietz & Zayas, 2010). ...
Purpose
This study outlines the challenges faced by Filipino SPED educators during the COVID-19 pandemic. The shift to online teaching, unreliable internet connections and lack of resources have caused significant stress and anxiety. Balancing professional responsibilities with personal roles has led to emotional and physical exhaustion. SPED educators have shown resilience and dedication to their students, seeking support and developing new routines. The study brings out the need for more comprehensive support for SPED educators, considering both their professional duties and personal well-being. Future research could provide deeper insights into the long-term effects of the pandemic on these educators.
Design/methodology/approach
This study qualitatively investigates how Filipino SPED educators perceive their roles during the pandemic, focusing on how their professional identities shape their mental and physical health. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith and Osborn, 2003; Smith et al ., 2009; Noon, 2018), it explores daily practices, challenges and the meaning derived from their work. This method, drawing from phenomenology and hermeneutics, examines how individuals make sense of their experiences within their personal and social worlds (Larkin and Thompson, 2011), emphasizing specific meanings over broad generalizations.
Findings
The pandemic has spotlit the need for better support systems for Filipino SPED educators (Quizana and Espiritu, 2023). They rely on family, friends and colleagues for emotional and practical support, sharing teaching materials and developing new routines to manage stress and anxiety (Mendoza, 2022). Hermeneutic analysis shows a deep connection between their professional roles and their mental and physical health. Their identities as educators, caregivers and advocates are intertwined with their sense of purpose. The challenges they face emphasize the need for access to healthcare, reliable internet and emotional support to sustain their well-being.
Research limitations/implications
One significant limitation of this study is its cross-sectional nature, capturing a snapshot of SPED educators’ experiences during a specific period of the pandemic. This approach does not account for changes over time, which could provide a more comprehensive understanding of how their challenges and coping mechanisms evolved. Longitudinal studies could offer deeper insights into the long-term impacts of the pandemic on their professional and personal lives. Nonetheless, our findings provide important insights into the relationship between physical and mental health, the impact of the pandemic on professional and personal lives and the meaning derived from their roles.
Practical implications
This study shows that SPED educators need more support to handle their challenging roles, especially during the pandemic. Improving access to healthcare, reliable internet and emotional support is essential for their mental and physical well-being. Schools and policymakers should work to create strong support networks, provide mental health resources and ensure good internet access for online teaching. Recognizing how their professional roles affect their well-being can help shape policies and practices that create a supportive environment, allowing educators to manage their responsibilities better and stay dedicated to their students.
Social implications
This study reveals the need for better support for SPED educators, who are vital in helping students with special needs succeed. Improved healthcare, mental health resources and reliable internet can help educators manage their many responsibilities more effectively. More robust support systems can reduce their stress and anxiety, benefiting both them and their students. Policymakers and communities must recognize the importance of SPED educators and collaborate to create a more supportive environment, emphasizing the value of their work in promoting inclusive and equitable education.
Originality/value
This study offers a fresh perspective by using hermeneutic phenomenology to investigate the experiences of SPED educators during the COVID-19 pandemic. It uncovers how the shift to remote learning affected their mental and physical health in ways that remote learning impacted their mental and physical health, bridging gaps between theoretical models and real-world practices. Focusing on the real-life challenges SPED teachers faced and how they coped, the study provides valuable insights for improving support and practices in special education. These findings have practical implications, enlightening the reader on how to better support SPED educators and students during crisis conditions, thereby improving the quality of special education.
... The research process was divided into three phases, each incorporating specific activities and methodological steps tailored to meet the study's objectives. Triangulation methods were utilized to ensure validity and credibility, drawing upon multiple datasets, research methods, theories, and investigators Denzin, 1970;Lauri, 2011). Additionally, the Delphi technique was used to gather consensus from experts across multiple rounds of questioning, enhancing the accuracy and rigor of the conclusions (Sablatzky, 2022). ...
This study assesses the food safety regulation and assurance systems in Bangladesh's milk value chain, identifying discrepancies and proposing strategies for improvement. Conducted in three phases, it begins with a comprehensive review of secondary sources and consultations with experts, leading to the development and validation of checklists based on international food safety standards such as the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), Good Animal Husbandry Practices (GAHP), Good Hygiene Practices (GHP), and the Global GAP system. These standards were harmonized with national regulations, and data were collected using actor-specific checklists via a mobile application. The final phase involved field observations, stakeholder workshops, and expert panel discussions, using triangulation and Delphi techniques to validate findings and develop improvement strategies. The study reveals distinct challenges in both the formal and informal milk marketing sectors, with the informal sector often bypassing essential safety measures. Even within the formal sector, small and medium-scale operations struggle with maintaining adequate safety protocols. Specific concerns included the lack of registration and licensing, especially for cattle and buffalo farms, and the absence of certification for milk collectors. While chilling centers and sweetmeat shops showed moderate compliance with regulatory standards, significant gaps remain in biosecurity measures, waste management, animal housing, and record-keeping. Challenges in animal health management, such as improper disposal of veterinary waste and inadequate isolation of sick animals, were prevalent. Concerns about poor hygienic practices during milking, insufficient cool chain facilities, and inconsistent use of quality control measures were also noted. Only a small proportion of chilling plants and sweetmeat shops followed proper labeling and traceability protocols, posing risks to consumer safety. To address these issues, the study recommends strengthening the regulatory framework, improving laboratory testing, and ensuring comprehensive record-keeping. A theory of change approach is proposed, focusing on capacity building, harmonizing regulations with international standards, and engaging stakeholders to improve food safety outcomes. The findings underscore the urgent need to address critical gaps in the food safety system in Bangladesh’s dairy sector to safeguard public health and promote the sustainability of the industry. SAARC J. Agric., 22(2): 257-273 (2024)
... These codes were further refined inductively using the data collected through personal interviews. The investigator triangulation was done by involving two independent analysts (not part of the study) to ensure the reliability of the categorization and coding (Denzin, 1978). ...
Agripreneurship is traditionally studied within the framework of “farm or rural entrepreneurship” where farmers take up entrepreneurial activities. However, the emergence of agri-startups, where entrepreneurs, who are not necessarily farmers, are trying to solve different complex problems in agriculture necessitates a distinction between agricultural entrepreneurship and farm entrepreneurship. The study aims to assess the constructs of agripreneurship theory from the lens of agri-startups. The data of agripreneurs primarily collected by “Pusa Krishi Incubator” for their incubation programs in 2016–2017 and 2022–2023 was used to investigate the evolving landscape of agripreneurship. A mixed-method approach was employed where the quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed through summary statistics and content analysis, respectively. The results indicate a dominance of young people with higher education venturing with agri-startups, who are driven by passion for their core discipline and focusing upon its convergence with agriculture. The urge to contribute to the society was found as a major determinant of agripreneurship. The startups evolve through experiential learning along with their interaction with ecosystem agents. On the basis of the findings, an agripreneurship framework consisting of antecedents, enablers, inhibitors, and impact of agripreneurship was prepared. This study extends the application of agripreneurship theory to the specific context of agri-startups in developing economies like India by examining existing constructs. It challenged some of the existing constructs which did not align by considering agri-startups as agripreneurs including their focus during the evolution, profit as a major motive for entrepreneurship and lack of entrepreneurial mindset. It can assist policymakers in fostering entrepreneurship in the agriculture sector by creating formal institutional networks, ensuring entrepreneurship exposure through educational institutions, providing better technology deployment options that support agripreneurship.
... We also leveraged the investigator triangulation, responsiveness, and respondent validation methods to establish theoretical validity and credibility in our analysis. Investigator triangulation requires two or more researchers to review the recorded observations and provide independent conclusions such that the final confirmation of the analysis encompasses varied and nuanced investigator perspectives (see Carter et al., 2014;Denzin, 1978). ...
Ethical sourcing is a crucial issue for the fashion industry, which is under intense pressure to build ethical and responsible supply chains. Despite its importance, we know little about how individual employees working in the fashion supply chain view ethical sourcing and the ethical considerations they encounter during their work. We adopted the moral agency theory to address these lacunas and conducted a longitudinal qualitative research study. We collected data from a highly heterogenous sample of employees based in the United Kingdom through open-ended essays in three waves (N1 = 50, N2 = 43, N3 = 30) over 9 months that were analyzed using the grounded theory method. The analysis revealed the following themes: a contemporary outlook on boundaries, external considerations, and three levels of action for ethical considerations: Supplier, organization, and employee (i.e., individual). We offer a revitalized view of ethical sourcing as a concept from a practice perspective and discuss critical ethical issues that affect employees’ moral agency to enact ethical sourcing decisions. Our findings offer insights into avenues to advance theoretical knowledge through a comprehensive framework derived from our results. We also propose significant practical implications to promote the widespread integration of ethical sourcing.
... A multi-methodological approach is employed to ensure methodological triangulation (Denzin, 2017), utilizing four primary data collection strategies: comprehensive semi-structured interviews with 30 participants, participant observation during 10 Islamic educational sessions using Spradley's (1980) descriptive matrix, and two Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving 8-10 street children each. The interviews, lasting 60-90 minutes, are recorded and transcribed, while the FGDs, lasting 90-120 minutes, are videotaped and transcribed to capture collective narratives and shared experiences. ...
Street children in Central Java, Indonesia, often experience severe socio-economic challenges such as poverty, family instability, and a lack of social support, which lead to vulnerability to exploitation and abuse. This study explores the impact of Islamic educational interventions on improving their well-being and integration. A qualitative case study approach was used, with data collected from January to June 2024 through semi-structured interviews, participant observations, focus group discussions, and document analysis across three locations in Semarang. The study included 30 participants, including both current and senior members of Majelis Mafia Sholawat, tutors, mentors, and group leaders. Findings indicate that Islamic education initiatives enhance reasoning, moral development, emotional well-being, and self-awareness among street children. These programs adopt a holistic approach, addressing emotional, spiritual, and practical needs, and foster a sense of community and belonging. The study highlights the effectiveness of culturally sensitive educational strategies in promoting socio-economic opportunities and social integration for street children. The inclusion of community-centered, religious-based education appears crucial in addressing the unique challenges faced by these children. The findings suggest that policymakers and educators should consider culturally relevant educational programs that integrate local languages, customs, mentorship, and life skills training. Such initiatives can promote sustained engagement, improve socio-economic prospects, and support the overall integration of street children into society.
... All data sources-including pre-and post-writing samples, screenshots of AI interactions, and written survey responses-were analysed using inductive thematic analysis (Denzin, 2006). Two researchers independently coded the data, compared their findings, and resolved discrepancies through discussion. ...
This study investigates the effectiveness of AI-assisted strategies in enhancing university preparatory students' proficiency in the English Present Perfect Tense. Utilising a qualitative research design, the research involved N=18 participants who engaged in pre- and post-writing tasks, AI-assisted interactive discussions, and post-study surveys. These activities were designed to assess improvements in grammar proficiency, focusing on the Present Perfect Tense, while also examining how AI tools influence students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviours. Findings reveal that 72% (N=13) of participants demonstrated significant improvements in their writing, particularly in tense usage. Participants reported that AI-powered chatbots provided immediate, descriptive feedback, which helped them understand complex grammatical structures and expand their vocabulary. Additionally, the chatbots promoted learner autonomy, allowing students to regulate their learning process effectively. However, some challenges were noted, including the limited voice interaction capabilities of current AI tools and the need for richer contextual examples. The study concludes that AI tools hold significant potential in supporting language learning, enhancing both grammar skills and learner autonomy. The findings call for further research on the integration of AI in language pedagogy to explore its long-term effects and its capacity to create immersive language learning environments.
... Esta investigación se basa en una triangulación metodológica (Denzin, 1970) compuesta por una encuesta dirigida a jóvenes de entre 16 y 25 años, dos rondas de grupos focales con personas de la misma edad y un análisis de contenido de los/as principales influencers Fitspiration y Body Positive españoles. ...
Esta investigación analizó el impacto del contenido de Instagram de influencers Body Positive y Fitspiration en la imagen corporal de la juventud. Se partió de una encuesta a 377 jóvenes (16-25 años) y dos grupos focales (n=10). Asimismo, se realizó un análisis de contenido de 360 publicaciones de influencers. Según los resultados, la juventud consideró que este contenido repercute en la autopercepción corporal de la juventud, en especial el Fitspiration. Ambos tipos de publicaciones parecieron afectar más a las mujeres, y el tiempo en la red no resultó determinante. Las publicaciones analizadas estuvieron mediadas por el márquetin y presentaron rasgos de cosificación.
... Prezentowane badanie przeprowadzono metodologią łączącą perspektywę ilościową i jakościową, zgodnie z założeniami triangulacji (por. Denzin, 2017). Badanie miało charakter eksploracyjny. ...
Projektowanie uniwersalne jako holistyczne podejście do tworzenia środowisk, produk-tów i usług dostępnych dla wszystkich użytkowników zdobywa globalne uznanie. Arty-kuł przedstawia wprowadzenie innowacyjnego programu pilotażowego w Wyższej Szkole Europejskiej w Krakowie, integrującego zasady projektowania uniwersalnego w edukację studentów. Studenci interdyscyplinarnie projektowali rozwiązania na rzecz społecznych potrzeb, próbując wypracować innowacje społeczne, co podkreśla znaczenie tego podejścia w redukcji nierówności społecznych. Badanie ewaluacyjne, przeprowadzone z wykorzy-staniem badania ankietowego (wielkość próby badawczej: 121 respondentów) oraz z wyko-rzystaniem indywidualnych wywiadów pogłębionych (14 rozmówców) z udziałem kadry i studentów, oceniało wpływ programu na ich podejście do projektowania i jego użytecz-ność w praktyce zawodowej. Pomimo wyzwań związanych z wdrażaniem projektowania EDUKACJA EKONOMISTÓW I MENEDŻERÓW Nr 72(2), kwiecień-czerwiec 2024
... Investigator triangulation was employed in the study harnessing the power of multiple conclusions (Denzin, 1978). An instructor from the same department independently analyzed the data, not to narrow the breadth of our results, but to broaden them. ...
Depending upon Paulo Freire’s notion of critical consciousness (CC), this study investigates how the comparative analysis of traditional and non-traditional European fairy tales could impact the development of critical consciousness in pre-service English teachers and how they can use this skill for social change in their professional lives. Data were collected using narrative frames and semi-structured interviews at a university in the west of Türkiye as tools to investigate the experiences of 22 pre-service teachers taking the Discourse Analysis and Language Teaching course during the fall 2022 to 2023 semester. The thematic analysis of the qualitative data revealed an overarching theme, development of critical consciousness, and three sub-themes: development of critical thinking and reading skills, development of social awareness for gender equality through socio-political development, and an awareness of using gender-sensitive language. The results rest on the assumption that the development of critical consciousness through literary texts empowers the process of becoming a critical teacher who can liberate his/her students from social injustices by taking critical actions for a more egalitarian world.
... To enhance the validity and reliability of research findings, methodological triangulation is addressed in this section to compare results from quantitative and qualitative data sources to validate and corroborate the main research findings. This approach is particularly valuable in mixed-methods research, by providing a more complete picture of the phenomenon under investigation (Denzin, 1970), considering the strengths and limitations of each data type, and drawing meaningful conclusions that address the research dimensions. The initial dimension under consideration pertains to teachers' knowledge in the environmental field and training in the use of music as a didactic resource for environmental education. ...
Although in the past, Music and Ecology have been deeply intertwined; nowadays, they do not usually cross pathways. In the process, great opportunities for their integration in educational settings have been lost, and, thus, their potential for promoting natural, cultural, and social values. This research represents a meeting place between sciences and music, analyzing the historical connections between both subjects, contemplating the relationships of music with nature, and understanding music as part of the environment. Combining both quantitative and qualitative data from music teachers’ surveys and interviews, a mixed-method analysis is presented addressing the main study dimensions: teacher’s knowledge and training in the environmental field, and perception of music teachers about an interdisciplinary approach to the environmental issue. The empirical results of the triangulation, combined with the interdisciplinary theoretical framework, enable to establish didactic analogies between ecology and music, encouraging the re-connection of both disciplines and getting back a scientific approach to music and a musical approach to ecology.
... Finally, a comparison of the patterns seemed similar, trustworthy, and valid. The rationale behind this procedure was that it was necessary to gather data about participants' perspectives in terms of the phenomenon in a realistic setting (Denzin, 2017). The process of coding by separate researchers was preferred to obtain the validity and trustworthiness of the data (Patton, 1990). ...
In line with the rapid advancement in educational technology, and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in particular, the teaching and learning of the English language has undergone a significant transformation. This paper aims to explore students' perceptions of integrating AI into the English as a foreign language (EFL) learning process. To this aim, data were collected from 26 senior students in the Department of English Language Teaching at a state University in Türkiye through a background questionnaire and interviews. Findings revealed that utilization of AI language tools was advantageous in providing equality in learning opportunities, access to authentic materials, reduced reliance on traditional learning settings and instructors, access to accurate information, and supporting various learning activities such as receiving timely feedback, error correction, idea generation, planning, outlining, summarizing, paraphrasing, note-taking, and proofreading. It also offers advantages in improving pronunciation and fostering autonomous and adaptive learning, while also reducing anxiety. However, challenges associated with utilizing AI-powered tools include the presentation of inaccurate, artificial, and inauthentic information, incorrect statements, a lack of instructional guidance, a mechanical learning experience, hindrance to creative writing and speaking, and concerns over data privacy and security. Thus, reevaluating teachers' roles, enhancing digital literacy, intensifying the infrastructure for easier and more affordable access to AI tools, increasing expert guidance, and addressing privacy concerns are recommended in utilizing AI-powered tools in EFL settings.
... As qualitative researchers have continued to grapple with issues pertaining to methodological integrity, new approaches that are congruent with the APA Task Force recommendations continue to emerge and evolve. For example, while various data triangulation techniques have long existed (Denzin, 1978), more recent efforts involving data analysis triangulation can combine two or more methods of analyzing data, otherwise referred to as intramethod triangulation (Casey & Murphy, 2009;Renz et al., 2018). With the everincreasing capacity for computer-assisted analytic approaches, there has been an increase in the use of text analysis as a triangulation method that can be combined with thematic analyses of qualitative data (e.g., Firmin et al., 2017;Whitney et al., 2005). ...
Psychological researchers are increasingly striving to enhance methodological integrity, including in qualitative methods. Although computerized text analysis tools originally emerged as a potential replacement for manual coding approaches, recent studies have underscored the unique yet complementary value of employing several methods. The current study applies two text analysis methods across one qualitative dataset to explore whether each method yields information not clearly evidenced by the other, nor through traditional thematic analysis. Interviews exploring the experiences of paraprofessionals delivering Brief Psychological Interventions (BPIs) were analyzed through Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) and the Meaning Extraction Method (MEM). Results revealed LIWC, MEM, and thematic analysis to be complementary in nature, each providing unique insights that could be missed by implementing any one method alone. Moreover, text analyses can serve as a form of validation for more traditional qualitative approaches while also revealing otherwise indiscernible relationships and patterns within texts.
This study examines the manifestations and mediating factors of agency for research among four Chinese university foreign language teachers through an activity theory lens. Using a multiple case study approach, data from interviews, journals, documents, and profiles were analyzed via the constant comparative method. Findings reveal teacher agency for research manifests through three interconnected dimensions: agency beliefs, agency practice, and agency disposition. Second, these manifestations of teacher agency for research were mediated by various elements within the research activity system. Specifically, at the subject level, university foreign language teacher agency for research was mediated by research competency and motivational factors. The mediational tools comprised social interactions, cultural artifacts, and activity structures. Object-oriented mediation was evidenced through the enhancement and cultivation of teacher agency for research via evolving objectives across different research activities. Furthermore, the institutional rules, community dynamics, and division of labor collectively constituted the socio-cultural context that mediated teacher agency for research. The study contributes to understanding how EFL teachers navigate dual teaching-research roles in higher education contexts where research productivity is increasingly emphasized and substantively to the existing body of knowledge on teacher agency.
Movies serve as a reflection of real-life interactions, and the characters’ utterances that convey background knowledge, emotions, and intentions. Therefore, Pragmatics field is often used to study their expressions’ meaning, especially with the theory of Presupposition. Therefore, this study aims to identify and classify the types of presuppositions found in Theodore Lawrence’s utterances by reviewing the related study before handing down to the self-investigation. This study utilizes qualitative analysis of the movie dialogues to understand the intentional meaning of the character's utterances in relation to the conversation context, as well as using SLR method (Systematic Literature Review) of the knowledge from other researchers. This study is also supported by several relevant related studies, by using the existing data from theories, journals, and other educational platforms. After conducting the research analysis, the researcher found that lots of related studies use the theory of George Yule (1996) to define the types of presupposition. In other words, the researcher concludes that to analyze Theodore Lawrence's utterance in the “Little Women” movie, the researcher is reviewing the study from the previous researchers that have been conducted this type of presupposition field analysis
This study examines the implementation of ‘aqidah education in Nisa’iyah subjects for cultivating akhlaq karimah (noble character) at Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Putri Campus 1. Employing a qualitative case study approach, it investigates how ‘aqidah values are integrated into Nisa’iyah subjects, which include women's fiqh, women's psychology, women's health, and women's skills. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that this integrative approach significantly contributes to shaping akhlaq karimah among female students, aligning with Pondok's educational objectives and contemporary societal needs. Key factors influencing this process include student motivation, socio-cultural background, and the Pondok's educational environment. The integration of ‘aqidah education is carried out through cognitive understanding, affective appreciation, and psychomotor practice, fostering a holistic development of students' character. The study underscores the pivotal role of Islamic education in nurturing Muslim women with noble character, preparing them to face modern challenges. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of continuous curriculum evaluation in response to evolving social and technological contexts. This research contributes to the discourse on Islamic education by offering a model for integrating ‘aqidah and akhlaq in a comprehensive manner. It emphasizes the importance of a balanced educational approach that addresses intellectual, emotional, and practical dimensions, ensuring that students develop into individuals with strong moral character, social responsibility, and adaptive skills required to navigate contemporary societal shifts.
This chapter details, analyses, and reflects upon the development of a joint master’s degree programme in agroecosystem resilience. The aim of the programme was to increase understanding of food security, awareness of climate change impacts, and increase sustainable approaches to agriculture in the host country and wider area. Led by universities in Sri Lanka, in partnership with institutions from Estonia, Lithuania, and the United Kingdom, the work created a course based on established methods, best practice, national policy and local needs. Comprising four different stages, and methods, of research, the process of identifying and refining the individual elements of the programme is examined in depth. This research occurred during a period of dramatic change in the Sri Lankan government’s agricultural strategy. The challenges, and opportunities, afforded by this, diverse institutional research bases, regional variations, and the impact of Covid-19 lockdown are discussed.
Entering the labour market and conforming to the authority relations that characterize wage labour are central parts of becoming an adult. The aim of this qualitative study is to analyse desirable leadership from the perspective of young adult employees in the retail sector. Informants were asked to define what they view as leadership and describe what they desire leadership to be like. Interviews with 13 young adults (aged 18–28) in the Swedish retail sector, analysed with qualitative content analysis, revealed that desirable leadership meant participation and equal influence. This included the formal exercise of authority, provided that the authority considered the integrity and views of all subordinates. At the same time, leadership based on formal authority was desired. Two themes were identified as desired: leadership through cooperation, democracy and respect; and leadership through competence, command and objective feedback, summarized under the overarching theme of leadership based on professional competence and respect for individuals’ integrity.
This study examined the phenomenon of electoral authoritarianism in Zimbabwe, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Tanzania, and Mozambique, focusing on how revolutionary political parties maintain power through manipulative electoral practices and human rights violations. It highlighted the historical context of these parties, which emerged from liberation movements, and their subsequent shift towards authoritarianism. The researchers used desk review methodology. The research identified key strategies employed by these regimes, including electoral manipulation, suppression of dissent, and control of media narratives. Furthermore, the study emphasized the detrimental effects of these practices on democratic institutions and civil society, leading to widespread human rights abuses. From a social work perspective, the findings underscore the importance of community empowerment and advocacy for social justice as essential components in combating electoral authoritarianism. The study concluded with recommendations for strengthening democratic governance, enhancing civil society engagement, and promoting human rights protections, emphasizing the collaborative role of social workers and international actors in fostering resilient democracies in the region.
This chapter takes the AI-based Dialect/Language recognition software (“Language Biometrics Assistance System,” acronym: DIAS), used by the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (German acronym: BAMF), as an example for assessing asylum seekers’ “eligibility.” This software should support decision-makers in identifying the country and/or region the refugee is coming from, based on their language features, as more than half of those who apply for asylum do not have their passport (anymore) or other supporting documents. Based on document analysis, the chapter presents the most important stages of the asylum procedure, its AI component, and the political, legal, and technical context. Empirical research conducted based on interactive sessions, such as a world café, was enriched by former exploratory interviews with important stakeholders supporting refugees as well as desktop research to present current discourses. The experienced assessment criteria in the asylum procedure and beyond, highlighting the experiences of those affected by these assessments, namely refugees, and of those “guiding” refugees through the different procedures, are illustrated and analyzed in this chapter. Furthermore, these insights are discussed in the light of the (current) use of AI for assessment, exploring its implications for fairness through the lens of legitimacy (of asylum bureaucracy) and agency of refugees.
This chapter focuses on the practical aspects of conducting deep-dive investigations into corporate fraud. Drawing on the author's experience in fraud cases, the chapter emphasizes the need for a multi-faceted approach. It introduces the concept of triangulation, highlighting the importance of using diverse data sources, investigators, theoretical perspectives, and methodologies to uncover fraudulent activities. The chapter also stresses the significance of primary research and direct access to raw data. The chapter outlines a dynamic framework for deep-dive investigations, encompassing content analysis (gathering information), contextual analysis (connecting the dots), and the often non-linear investigation process. It concludes by emphasizing the real-world interplay between these aspects in uncovering corporate fraud.
There is a growing call for the reforms of the global financial architecture to ensure adequate resources are mobilized to finance development (broadly defined) including the SDGs. But such demands/calls for reforms tend to omit the salient realities of developing countries. Like many poor Asian economies, Africa is presented as a poor and risky continent. Using the African example, the chapter argues that such presentations are based on misperceptions including the role played by rating agencies. In fact, Africa loses significant amount of resources dues to factors such as illicit financial flows and any reforms of the global financial architecture needs to address themselves to this reality.
Este estudo visa caracterizar os povos originários do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, focando nos Kayapó, Kayapó Xikrin, Aukre, Gavião, Parakanã e Kuruaya, analisando suas vulnerabilidades e desafios no contexto das mudanças climáticas e pressões socioeconômicas. Utilizando uma abordagem etnográfica indireta, baseada em análise documental e fontes institucionais, a pesquisa busca compreender as práticas culturais, organização social e territorialidade desses grupos. O estudo aborda temas como os impactos das mudanças climáticas nas tradições, desafios socioambientais relacionados à exploração de recursos naturais, vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas e a eficácia das políticas públicas atuais. O objetivo final é contribuir para a formulação de políticas mais eficazes e sensíveis às necessidades dessas comunidades indígenas, considerando suas realidades culturais e os desafios contemporâneos que enfrentam.
Triangulation in qualitative research is a strategy for enhancing the credibility and trustworthiness of research findings. It involves using multiple data sources, methods, theories, or investigators to validate findings and to minimize potential biases. What is the purpose of triangulation? The concept is based on the idea that when multiple perspectives converge and support each other, there is greater confidence in the accuracy and completeness of the interpretations. Triangulation encourages a more holistic and nuanced understanding of the phenomenon by integrating diverse perspectives. This is particularly valuable when exploring complex social phenomena, where a single lens might be insufficient to capture the full complexity. It's crucial to note that triangulation does not necessarily imply seeking complete agreement across data sources. The goal is not to force a singular, unified interpretation but to acknowledge and explore the complexities and contradictions that may emerge. By embracing these complexities, researchers can generate more nuanced and transferable insights. For example, if one data source suggests a particular theme, while another reveals contradictory evidence, researchers should delve into these discrepancies, exploring the reasons behind the differences and considering how they might shape the overall interpretation of the findings.
วัตถุประสงค์: “ครูบ้านนอก” เป็นผลจากวาทกรรมการพัฒนากระแสหลักที่ทำให้ครูบ้านนอกเกิดการตีตราตัวเอง ซึ่งวาทกรรมการพัฒนากระแสหลักที่มุ่งสู่ความทันสมัยจึงทำให้เกิดภาคปฏิบัติทางวาทกรรมต่อครูที่ปฏิบัติหน้าที่สอนอยู่ในท้องถิ่นชนบท ซึ่งตีตราตัวเองว่าแปลกแยกจากสังคมในลักษณะเป็นอื่น การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความหมาย “ครูบ้านนอก” จากการตีตราตัวเองของครูในท้องถิ่นชนบทที่เป็นผลผลิตจากวาทกรรมการพัฒนากระแสหลัก วิธีการศึกษา: การวิจัยนี้เป็นงานวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพในกระบวนทัศน์เชิงวิพากษ์ ภายใต้แนวคิดของมิเชล ฟูโกต์ (Michel Foucault) เรื่องความรู้อำนาจ ความรู้ และภาคปฏิบัติทางวาทกรรม โดยใช้วิธีวิจัยชาติพันธุ์วรรณนาเชิงวิพากษ์ เพื่อสะท้อนให้เห็นภาพของความจริงที่เกิดขึ้นในปรากฏการณ์ดังกล่าว ผู้วิจัยคัดเลือกผู้ให้ข้อมูลด้วยการเลือกแบบเจาะจงตามเกณฑ์ที่กำหนด จำนวน 10 คน ซึ่งเป็นครูที่รู้สึกและมีประสบการณ์การถูกตีตราว่าเป็นครูบ้านนอกและปฏิบัติหน้าที่สอนในโรงเรียนท้องถิ่นชนบท รวบรวมข้อมูลด้วยการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก จากแบบสัมภาษณ์แบบกึ่งโครงสร้าง วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยการวิเคราะห์แก่นสาระ ตรวจข้อมูลด้วยเทคนิคสามเส้า ผลการศึกษา: “ครูบ้านนอก” ได้ให้ความหมายของการตีตราตัวเองไว้ 5 ความหมาย ดังนี้ 1. ครูที่อยู่ห่างไกลจากตัวเมืองที่เจริญ 2. ครูที่ต้องทำงานชุมชนมากกว่างานโรงเรียน 3. ครูที่ไม่กล้าคิดนอกกรอบจากหลักสูตรแกนกลาง 4. ครูที่ขาดสื่อและเทคโนโลยีที่ทันสมัย และ 5. ครูที่ต้องเจอความไม่พร้อมด้านการเรียนของนักเรียน จากความหมายที่เกิดขึ้นนี้เป็นผลมาจากวาทกรรมการพัฒนากระแสหลักคือ การทำทันสมัย โลกาภิวัตน์ และการรวมศูนย์อำนาจ ทำให้เกิดการตีตราตัวเองของครูที่ปฏิบัติหน้าที่ในท้องถิ่นชนบท การประยุกต์ใช้: ผลการวิจัยนี้อาจนำไปสู่การทบทวนและพิจารณาแนวทางในการกำหนดนโยบายของหน่วยงานที่รับผิดชอบในการพัฒนาวิชาชีพครูในทุกพื้นที่ เพื่อลดปัญหาความเหลื่อมล้ำในการทำการเรียนการสอนของคร
Introduction
HIV stigma levels are high in Greece. HIV stigma hinders testing, healthcare access, and treatment adherence, often leading to non-disclosure. The discloser navigates challenges by balancing the confidant's potential reactions, ranging from rejection and discrimination to the benefits of increased intimacy and liking. However, much research focuses on either the confidant’s reactions or the discloser’s role, leaving gaps in understanding the full disclosure process.
Methods
This qualitative case study explores how HIV disclosure, stigma, and trust-building unfold, focusing on the timing, reasons, and impact of disclosing HIV-positive status on the relationship dynamics between the discloser and the confidant. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a serodiscordant gay couple, recruited from a hospital in Greece.
Results
Through interpretative phenomenological analysis, we identified a Superordinate Theme: The HIV Disclosure Process with three sub-themes: (1) Navigating HIV Disclosure: Decision Making and the Disclosure Event, (2) HIV Acceptance and Stigma: Pathways to Disclosure, and (3) HIV Disclosure: Building a Foundation of Trust and Navigating Life’s Broader Uncertainties. Investigator triangulation was used, enhancing the credibility and reliability of the findings.
Conclusion
Our case study explores HIV disclosure as a unified process, revealing that both avoidance and approach goals coexist. Avoidance delayed disclosure by withholding emotions in conflicted family relationships, yet led to positive outcomes, while approach goals encouraged earlier, open, and factual disclosure in romantic relationships, resulting in better positive outcomes. Greater HIV knowledge, approach goals, and trust encouraged protective behaviors and advocacy. HIV was normalized within the relationship, allowing the couple to manage it alongside everyday uncertainties.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.