Content uploaded by Valérie Haas
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Valérie Haas on Apr 30, 2016
Content may be subject to copyright.
Les cartes cognitives: un outil pour étudier la ville sous ses dimensions socio-historiques et affectives
Abstract
La première partie de cet article est consacrée aux images urbaines, telles qu’elles ont été envisagées en psychologie de l’environnement. Après avoir introduit la notion de carte mentale (ou cognitive) et ses définitions dans le champ de la cognition urbaine, nous enrichissons notre parcours théorique en y intégrant la question de la temporalité et de l’historicité de la ville, développée dans les sciences sociales et, en particulier, en psychologie sociale. Enfin, nous présentons une étude de terrain fondée sur la méthode des cartes mentales, qui offre des résultats riches et surprenants, concernant la mise en évidence de marqueurs socio-historiques et affectifs de l’urbain.
... Age has not been found to have an impact on emotions. For instance, the inhabitants of Vichy rely on their memories to create their cognitive maps (Haas, 2004). ...
... Alternatively, it might be described as a discerning method of addressing urban areas (Boumezoued, 2021). A cognitive map, also referred to as spatial memory, is a term used to describe the mental representation of spatial information (Haas, 2004). ...
... To acquire this spatial result, the recommended approach is to express knowledge through the act of sketching, which is essentially a mental process (Haas, 2004). We opted to implement this approach in the chosen city by administering a visual questionnaire to individuals belonging to the same socio-professional group that we previously studied. ...
The urban landscape of Algerian cities features a mix of traditional and contemporary architectural forms, offering a diverse range of experiences and perspectives. The heterogeneous nature of this terrain motivated us to investigate the cognitive representation of this scenery in the minds of the inhabitants of Ain Beida. The study emphasizes the cognitive map, which manifests as visual representations, such as drawings or images, as well as sensory experiences and memories that are gathered and stored over a period of time. The perception of this mental image varies among individuals and locations. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature to precisely identify the category under investigation and select a suitable approach for evaluating, comprehending, and interpreting the urban landscape of the above-mentioned city. An iconographic was employed as a research instrument selected to carry out a comprehensive survey with a sample of the population encompassing various socio-professional groups, with a primary focus on urban stakeholders such as architects, urban planners, and elected officials. The findings revealed a diverse range of mental maps, indicating the unique perspectives of each interviewee on their city.
... As martha De alBa (2011: 29.1, 29.4) observes: "The study of socio-spatial representations of Paris, carried out by milGram and JoDelet in the midseventies, launched a line of inquiry whose contributions to Social Representation Theory (SRT) have borne fruit to this day. Since this study, geographical space has become an object of investigation in the field of social representation, giving rise to reflection on a range of topics: social memory anchored in space (haas, 1997;2004;haas anD JoDelet, 2007); the urban experiences of residents of large metropolitan areas that oscillate between a traditional historical past and a modernity that threatens the vestiges of the past (rikou, 1997;De alBa, 2002); urban mobility (aBriC anD morin, 1992); tourist images of visitors to the large European cities (De rosa anD D'amBrosio, 2010); the social imaginaries that emerge in speech and cartographic maps of territories on different geographical scales (arruDa anD alBa, 2007), to mention only a few examples. (….) Studying the social meanings of space (naive theories of ordinary people in everyday life contexts), its symbolic cultural aspects, in addition to its development as the arena of collective action, justifies the use of SRT as a suitable theoretical framework for undertaking investigations of this type. ...
... As martha De alBa (2011: 29.1, 29.4) observes: "The study of socio-spatial representations of Paris, carried out by milGram and JoDelet in the midseventies, launched a line of inquiry whose contributions to Social Representation Theory (SRT) have borne fruit to this day. Since this study, geographical space has become an object of investigation in the field of social representation, giving rise to reflection on a range of topics: social memory anchored in space (haas, 1997;2004;haas anD JoDelet, 2007); the urban experiences of residents of large metropolitan areas that oscillate between a traditional historical past and a modernity that threatens the vestiges of the past (rikou, 1997;De alBa, 2002); urban mobility (aBriC anD morin, 1992); tourist images of visitors to the large European cities (De rosa anD D'amBrosio, 2010); the social imaginaries that emerge in speech and cartographic maps of territories on different geographical scales (arruDa anD alBa, 2007), to mention only a few examples. (….) Studying the social meanings of space (naive theories of ordinary people in everyday life contexts), its symbolic cultural aspects, in addition to its development as the arena of collective action, justifies the use of SRT as a suitable theoretical framework for undertaking investigations of this type. ...
... En effet, la ville telle qu'elle est expérimentée par le citadin résulte de la façon avec laquelle il se représente la ville en fonction de son histoire personnelle, de son imaginaire (ses expériences, ses croyances, etc.), des significations sociales de l'espace urbain, de son aménagement et des interactions qui s'y déroulent (Beucher & Reghezza, 2005). L'image qu'il se fait de la ville -espace représenté-guide la façon avec laquelle il pratique le milieu urbain, par exemple la manière de fréquenter certains lieux urbains -son espace de vie (Haas, 2004). ...
... Both in antique maps and in the residents' sketches, the roadways radiate from the centre, symbolized by a square, toward the four points of the compass, as seen in figures 11 and 12. The maps carried out by residents express an urban experience that is personal-affective (Haas, 2004) and socio-cultural, which is located in present and past. This experience generates place identity (Proshansky, 1978;Vidal and Pol, 2005), in which the history of the city and the history of the individual are blended and shared. ...
... Furthermore, Frémont (1980) inserts mental maps in the four perceptual methodologies applied by geographers, together with surveys through interviews and questionnaires, to the analysis of literary works and images disseminated by mass media. Sometimes the conceptespecially that of its main instrument, the mental mapcould take on different meanings, depending on the interests of the researcher and could be confusing (Breux et al., 2010;Haas, 2004). The results strongly depend on the skills of the respondents: mental maps can be emotional and collect the feelings experienced by the author in relation to the places described; they can be a symbolic map or a map that schematizes the functions and services of a territory. ...
This research is part of the PRIN 2017 project "SYLVA-Rethink selva: Towards a new alliance between biology and artificiality, nature and society, wilderness and humanity", in which, the researchers of the unity of Genoa interpreted the concept of "selva" (literally "wild forest") through two different points of view: physical and metaphorical. In this paper we expose the results of a cognitive cartography workshop held in Serra Riccò (Metropolitan City of Genoa, NorthWestern Italy) where we investigated the perception of the "selva" by the locals, maintaining a territorial point of view. We asked the participants first to represent cartographically the places attributable to the "selva"; after that, they represented on their mental maps the improvements they would like to make in these places. The participatory workshop has been also useful for the local administration to find ideas about the management of the several rewilded woods in the municipal area. Recently, in fact, forest management has become increasingly linked not only to technical aspects, but also to the emotional aspects of the communities that benefit from them.
... As part of the study of the urban mentality, T.V. Semenova creates, on the basis of applied developments, a "socio-psychological portrait" of the city, including urban social norms, urban humor, urban traditions, and the historical time of the city (Semenova, 2020). The historical and psychological perspective of studying the image of the city is characteristic of French works (Jodelet, 1982;Haas, 2004). A number of foreign authors consider urban life from the point of view of positive psychology (e.g., Mayo, 1979;Stokols et al., 2009); studies are carried out on the activity of citizens in the fields of sports, dog breeding, inclusion (Carnemolla et al., 2021); analyses are made of the advantages of urban life, the balance of its usefulness and costs (D'Acci, 2021). ...
The article examines the role of responsibility of residents of a metropolis as a resource for their social activity aimed at ensuring the well-being of the urban environment. This problem is investigated by the authors on the example of Moscow residents. The study involved Muscovites (N = 359) aged 18-75 living in different administrative districts of the city. The following methods were used: questionnaires composed by the authors to identify the type of responsibility of the citizens and their readiness for active participation in the life of the city; value orientation technique by E.B. Fantalova; and set of questions about socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The first stage consisted in (1) dividing the respondents into three groups according to different levels of responsibility; (2) determining the direction of responsibility in these groups; (3) identifying the relationship between value orientations and indicators of responsibility; and (4) describing the readiness of the respondents with different levels of responsibility to take an active part in the life of their city. At the second stage, based on the data of regression analysis, the authors show the role of responsibility as a predictor of the activity of the respondents to improve living conditions in their city. It is found that the levels of responsibility for what is happening in their city in the three groups of the respondents differ mainly in the severity of their internal/external judgments or their pessimistic/optimistic moods regarding belief in their own strengths, willingness of other people to support initiatives, and positive/negative expectations of changes in urban life, subject to the active participation of all citizens in any transformations or events. Based on the results of the age analysis of the sample, it is concluded that young people are poorly represented in the group with a high level of responsibility. Prospects for further research are also outlined.
Introduction Cette recherche vise à expérimenter un protocole méthodologique nommé « Self Cartography » auprès de personnes en situation de migration. Couplant le récit de vie et la carte géographique, ce dispositif tend à répondre aux enjeux cliniques qu’imposent les mouvements migratoires mondiaux actuels. Face à des sujets d’origine, de culture et parfois de langue différentes, il s’agit de développer une méthode susceptible de capter des souffrances d’un autre type, dites « mondialisées », qui jalonnent les processus migratoires des sujets en exil. Méthode L’étude s’est déroulée en deux temps : 1) Une phase exploratoire (N = 5) mettant à l’épreuve le Self Cartography afin de dégager les premières potentialités cliniques et les biais méthodologiques à moduler avant la deuxième phase d’étude. 2) Une seconde phase de recherche (N = 10) visant à confirmer les premiers constats exploratoires. Chaque protocole s’est déroulé en six rencontres. A l’instar des tests projectifs utilisés en psychologie clinique, il a été proposé aux participants un support cartographique du monde comme surface d’étayage et de projection de leur récit migratoire. Des consignes spécifiques ont été édictées pour guider l’élaboration et appréhender les dynamiques psychiques en jeu dans le processus migratoire. Les récits recueillis ont été retranscrits et analysés qualitativement par études de cas et analyse thématique via le logiciel Nvivo® 11. Résultats La phase exploratoire a montré le caractère réflexif et projectif du support cartographique. La carte et les consignes, utilisées dans un cadre contenant, ont facilité la remémoration du processus migratoire donnant ainsi accès à l’expression de souffrances dites « mondialisées ». Quelques ajustements des consignes ont pu être effectués après ces premières analyses. La seconde phase de recherche a permis de confirmer le potentiel clinique du Self Cartography via l’analyse thématique des récits migratoires d’où émergent des souffrances spécifiques révélées par ce dispositif. Les études de cas ont mis en exergue des dynamiques transféro-contre-transférentielles singulières, sous-tendues par la présence du monde cartographié. Conclusion Le Self Cartography se révèle être un dispositif facilitant la remémoration, la narration, et la mise en sens de l’expérience de l’exil. Ces potentialités peuvent permettre de prévenir les risques de développement de psychotraumatismes, de dépression, et/ou de syndrome anxieux en encourageant parallèlement les processus de résilience. Des recherches complémentaires permettraient de renforcer la validation de ce protocole méthodologique comme dispositif d’évaluation et d’accompagnement clinique auprès des personnes en situation de migration.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.