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El dolor nunca saldrá de nuestros corazones: visiones indígenas q'eqchi' sobre justicia transicional en Guatemala

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Abstract

El presente trabajo, sobre justicia transicional y pueblos indígenas en Guatemala, pretende contribuir a reducir la brecha de conocimiento sobre las epistemologías indígenas sobre justicia, reparación, búsqueda de verdad y reconciliación y, asimismo, intenta fomentar un proceso de reflexión crítica para desafiar tanto el paradigma dominante de la justicia transicional como los derechos humanos en general. Este libro está fundamentado en una investigación de campo etnográfico multi-sitio con un enfoque antropológico legal aplicando la triangulación metodológica.
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Este capítulo analiza a partir de testimonios de víctimas, sobrevivientes y desplazados internos indígenas q'eqchi' sus percepciones y sus expectativas sobre el Programa Nacional de Reparación (PNR). Asimismo, realiza una evaluación de este programa administrativa de reparación desde una perspectiva "desde abajo" (bottom-up) y plantea los retos y desafíos en torno a la reparación de graves violaciones de derechos humanos desde la percepción indígena.
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Article
Since the mid-1980s, when Guatemala returned to civilian rule and achieved relative peace and stability, the Maya have begun openly expressing their spiritual beliefs and practices. Jean Molesky-Poz draws on in-depth dialogues with Maya Ajq'ijab' (keepers of the ritual calendar), her own participant observation, and inter-disciplinary resources to offer a comprehensive, innovative, and well-grounded understanding of contemporary Maya spirituality and its theological underpinnings. She reveals significant continuities between contemporary and ancient Maya worldviews and spiritual practices. Molesky-Poz opens with a discussion of how the public emergence of Maya spirituality is situated within the religious political history of the Guatemalan highlands, particularly the recent pan-Maya movement. She investigates Maya cosmovision and its foundational principles, as expressed by Ajq'ijab'. At the heart of this work, Ajq'ijab' interpret their obligation, lives, and spiritual work. In subsequent chapters, Molesky-Poz explores aspects of Maya spirituality-sacred geography (the reciprocal relationship between the earth and humans, sacred places, and the significance of the cross or quatrefoil map), sacred time (how the 260-day sacred calendar is "the heart of the wisdom of the Maya," the matrix of Maya culture), and ritual practice (the distinct way and method of ancestral study, with special attention to fire ceremonialism). She confirms contemporary Maya spirituality as a faith tradition with elaborate historical roots that has significance for individual, collective, and historical lives, reaffirming its own public space and legal right to be practiced.