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Pethia sanjaymoluri, a new species of barb (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the northernWestern Ghats, India
Abstract
Pethia sanjaymoluri, a new cyprinid, is described from the Pavana and Nira tributaries of Bhima River, Krishna drainage, Maharashtra, India. It can be distinguished from congeners by a combination of characteristics that includes an incomplete lateral line, absence of barbels, upper lip thick and fleshy, 23–25 lateral series scales, 7–12 lateral-line pored scales, 10 predorsal scales, 11–14 prepelvic scales, 17–20 pre-anal scales, 4½ scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line, four scales between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin, 8–15 pairs of serrae on distal half of dorsal-fin spine, 12–14 branched pectoral-fin rays, 4 + 26 total vertebrae, 4 + 5 predorsal vertebrae, 4 + 13 abdominal vertebrae, 13 caudal vertebrae and a unique colour pattern comprising a humeral spot positioned below the lateral line and encompassing the third and fourth lateral-line scales and one scale below, one caudal spot on 17th–21st lateral-line scales with a yellow hue on its anterior side and apical half of dorsal fin studded with melanophores making the fin tip appear black. Genetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence suggests that the species is distinct from other known species of Pethia for which data are available.
... epural distance) seems to vary in all the species as such coincide the view [10] . The bone is very much extended and reach very close to the posterior margin of rudimentary neural arch in L. gonius and N. hexagonolepis same as those reported in Pethia sanjaymoluri [18] . In L. bata, L. boga, B. dero, B. devdevi and N. hexasticus the anterior tip of bone reaches beyond the posterior margin of rudimentary neural arch, similar findings was reported in Cyprinion kais [24] while in L. calbasu and N. straychei it does not reach to the posterior margin of rudimentary neural arch. ...
... The long uroneural present between the branched and unbranched lepidotrichs forms a gap in N. hexasticus while such gap is absent in other species. In Pethia sanjaymoluri this paired bone was reported to be absent [18] . Similarly, while studying 12 species of genus Puntius from Manipur found that uroneural is present only in P. jayarami, P. sarana and P. orphoides while absent in all other studied species [31] . ...
... Hypurals are wide laterally compressed bone forming broad base for the attachment of branched lepidotrichs. There are series of 5 hypurals in all the presently studied species, same as those reported by other researcher [23] while it differs in other fishes as six hypurals [16,31,10,11,18] and seven hypurals [7,34] . The variation in the number of hypurals was due to fusion or loss [35] . ...
The comparative osteology of caudal skeleton in nine species of Labeo, Bangana and Neolisochilus was studied to find out inter-specific as well as intergeneric variations. In all the studied species last three vertebrae is participating in the formation of caudal skeleton. The morphology of rudimentary neural arch exhibited variation in all the species which is considered to be a species specific character. The long uroneural forms a gap in Neolisochilus hexasticus while such gap is absent in rest of species. The distal broad end of the parhypural supported three branched lepidotrichs in Bangana devdevi, Labeo gonius, Labeo bata, Labeo calbasu, Labeo boga and Neolisochilus hexagonolepis but four branched lepidotrichs in B. dero, N. hexasticus and N. stracheyi. The hypural diastema formed between upper and lower hypural lobes is comparatively wider in B. dero, B. devdevi, N. hexasticus, N. hexagonolepis, L. gonius, L. bata and L. calbasu while narrow in N. stracheyi and L. boga. The hypural foramen (HF) between proximal regions of the HYPI and HYPII is present in all the studied species. The neural spine arising from second preural vertebrae is incompletely divided in B. dero and N. stracheyi; completely divided in L. gonius but undivided in rest of the species. Hence based on the present findings envisaged that caudal skeleton exhibited species specific variation in respect width of parhypural and hypural, size of epural, bifurcation of neural spine and hypural diastema.
... Pethia is distributed throughout South and Southeast Asia, from Sri Lanka and peninsular India in the west, to the Mekong drainage of Laos and Thailand in the east (Kottelat, 2001;Batuwita et al., 2015;Katwate et al., 2016). Several species of Pethia are reported from Myanmar, including P. didi, P. erythromycter, P. expletiforis, P. macrogramma, P. meingangbii, P. nankyweensis, P. ornata, P. padamya, P. stoliczkana, P. thelys, P. tiantian, and P. yuensis (see e.g., Kullander & Fang, 2005;Kullander, 2008;Kullander & Britz, 2008;Kottelat, 2015;Kottelat & Nyein Chan, 2017;Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2018). ...
... To investigate the phylogenetic position of the new species we conducted a Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) analysis of a data set comprising 664 bp of COI for 64 individuals, representing 16 species of Pethia and 23 outgroup taxa (following Katwate et al., 2016). Sequences, other than those generated as part of this study, were obtained from GenBank (see Appendix 1). ...
... Excluding the two new species described herein, members of Pethia exhibit dark markings on the body that are variable in number, shape (spot, blotch, or bar), and position. The most common pattern appears to comprise two dark markings, including a smaller anterior (humeral) marking and a larger posterior (typically vertically elongate) marking on the caudal peduncle (e.g., see fig. 2 in Katwate et al., 2016Katwate et al., , 2018. In some species, a third dark marking may be present on the body side below the dorsal fin, as in for example the type species P. nigrofasciata (e.g., Pethiyagoda, 1991: 108, 110), P. phutunio (e.g., Kullander & Fang, 2005: fig. ...
Two new species of Pethia, P. castor and P. pollux, are described from flooded areas of the Ayeyarwady drainage in Kachin State and Sagaing Region, central Myanmar. The two species are largely sympatric and syntopic, generally similar in external appearance, and distinguished from congeners by the absence of black blotches (round or vertically elongate) on the body. Pethia castor and P. pollux are distinguished from each other by subtle characters of the mouth and snout, osteology, and colour pattern in preservative. The uncorrected P-distance (based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I [COI] gene sequences) between the two new species is 8.2%. Phylogenetic analyses of a small dataset of COI sequences for 16 species of Pethia plus outgroup taxa corroborates Pethia as a monophyletic group, inside of which P. castor and P. pollux represent sister taxa, and together represent the sister taxon of the Ganga-Brahmaputran P. gelius.
... epural distance) seems to vary in all the species as such coincide the view [10] . The bone is very much extended and reach very close to the posterior margin of rudimentary neural arch in L. gonius and N. hexagonolepis same as those reported in Pethia sanjaymoluri [18] . In L. bata, L. boga, B. dero, B. devdevi and N. hexasticus the anterior tip of bone reaches beyond the posterior margin of rudimentary neural arch, similar findings was reported in Cyprinion kais [24] while in L. calbasu and N. straychei it does not reach to the posterior margin of rudimentary neural arch. ...
... The long uroneural present between the branched and unbranched lepidotrichs forms a gap in N. hexasticus while such gap is absent in other species. In Pethia sanjaymoluri this paired bone was reported to be absent [18] . Similarly, while studying 12 species of genus Puntius from Manipur found that uroneural is present only in P. jayarami, P. sarana and P. orphoides while absent in all other studied species [31] . ...
... Hypurals are wide laterally compressed bone forming broad base for the attachment of branched lepidotrichs. There are series of 5 hypurals in all the presently studied species, same as those reported by other researcher [23] while it differs in other fishes as six hypurals [16,31,10,11,18] and seven hypurals [7,34] . The variation in the number of hypurals was due to fusion or loss [35] . ...
The comparative osteology of caudal skeleton in nine species of Labeo, Bangana and Neolisochilus was studied to find out inter-specific as well as intergeneric variations. In all the studied species last three vertebrae is participating in the formation of caudal skeleton. The morphology of rudimentary neural arch exhibited variation in all the species which is considered to be a species specific character. The long uroneural forms a gap in Neolisochilus hexasticus while such gap is absent in rest of species. The distal broad end of the parhypural supported three branched lepidotrichs in Bangana devdevi, Labeo gonius, Labeo bata, Labeo calbasu, Labeo boga and Neolisochilus hexagonolepis but four branched lepidotrichs in B. dero, N. hexasticus and N. stracheyi. The hypural diastema formed between upper and lower hypural lobes is comparatively wider in B. dero, B. devdevi, N. hexasticus, N. hexagonolepis, L. gonius, L. bata and L. calbasu while narrow in N. stracheyi and L. boga. The hypural foramen (HF) between proximal regions of the HYPI and HYPII is present in all the studied species. The neural spine arising from second preural vertebrae is incompletely divided in B. dero and N. stracheyi; completely divided in L. gonius but undivided in rest of the species. Hence based on the present findings envisaged that caudal skeleton exhibited species specific variation in respect width of parhypural and hypural, size of epural, bifurcation of neural spine and hypural diastema.
... Members of the genus are united by a suite of characters (none of them exclusive) that include small size (standard length up to about 5 cm), a posteriorly serrated last unbranched dorsal-fin ray, having the lateral line (usually) incomplete, and exhibiting between one and three black blotches, bars or spots on the side of the body, usually including one in the humeral-cleithral region and another above the anal fin or on the caudal peduncle [16]. Although the phylogenetic relationships of Pethia to the genera formerly referred to Puntius sensu lato, in which the genus was subsumed prior to Pethiyagoda et al. [16], remain only weakly supported, several molecular studies have shown Pethia to be monophyletic [10,11,[23][24][25][26]. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus, however, remain to be elucidated. ...
... The comparative genetic dataset representative of Smiliogastrinae based on Sudasinghe et al. [11], together with additional sequences generated by Katwate et al. [57], Katwate et al. [37], Ren et al. [25] and Sudasinghe et al. [10], were compiled and used in the present study (Additional file 1: Table S2). Among the 16 valid species of Pethia from Sri Lanka and peninsular India, 13 are represented in our cytb dataset, based on reliably identified specimens [present study; 16,19,23,24,28,30,31,58]. This reference dataset thus allowed us to confidently identify some incorrectly identified or dubious GenBank sequences. ...
Background
Sri Lanka is a continental island separated from India by the Palk Strait, a shallow-shelf sea, which was emergent during periods of lowered sea level. Its biodiversity is concentrated in its perhumid south-western ‘wet zone’. The island’s freshwater fishes are dominated by the Cyprinidae, characterized by small diversifications of species derived from dispersals from India. These include five diminutive, endemic species of Pethia ( P. bandula , P. cumingii , P. melanomaculata , P. nigrofasciata , P. reval ), whose evolutionary history remains poorly understood. Here, based on comprehensive geographic sampling, we explore the phylogeny, phylogeography and morphological diversity of the genus in Sri Lanka.
Results
The phylogenetic analyses, based on mitochondrial and nuclear loci, recover Sri Lankan Pethia as polyphyletic. The reciprocal monophyly of P. bandula and P. nigrofasciata , and P. cumingii and P. reval , is not supported. Pethia nigrofasciata , P. cumingii , and P. reval show strong phylogeographic structure in the wet zone, compared with P. melanomaculata , which ranges across the dry and intermediate zones. Translocated populations of P. nigrofasciata and P. reval in the Central Hills likely originate from multiple sources. Morphological analyses reveal populations of P. nigrofasciata proximal to P. bandula , a narrow-range endemic, to have a mix of characters between the two species. Similarly, populations of P. cumingii in the Kalu basin possess orange fins, a state between the red-finned P. reval from Kelani to Deduru and yellow-finned P. cumingii from Bentara to Gin basins.
Conclusions
Polyphyly in Sri Lankan Pethia suggests two or three colonizations from mainland India. Strong phylogeographic structure in P. nigrofasciata , P. cumingii and P. reval , compared with P. melanomaculata , supports a model wherein the topographically complex wet zone harbors greater genetic diversity than the topographically uniform dry-zone. Mixed morphological characters between P. bandula and P. nigrofasciata , and P. cumingii and P. reval , and their unresolved phylogenies, may suggest recent speciation scenarios with incomplete lineage sorting, or hybridization.
... Katwate et al. (2014) have studied osteology of Pethia longicauda. Katwate et al. (2016) have observed osteology of a new species Pethia sanjaymoluri. Yadav et al. (2018) have studied osteology of caudal skeleton of some cyprinid fishes from Northeast India. ...
Osteology of pelvic girdle was studied in fishes of family Cyprinidae from Northern Western Ghats, India. Osteology from members of Subfamily- Labeoninae- tribe Garrini, Subfamily Smiliogastrinae, Family Danionidae, Family- Danionidae- Subfamily Danioninae and Family Danionidae- Subfamily Rasborinae was studied. Cleared and stained specimens were observed for variations in pelvic girdle and pelvic fins.
... Katwate et al. (2014) have studied osteology of Pethia longicauda. Katwate et al. (2016) have observed osteology of a new species Pethia sanjaymoluri. Yadav et al. (2018) have studied osteology of caudal skeleton of some cyprinid fishes from Northeast India. ...
With at least 3006 species, the family Cyprinidae is the most varied group of freshwater fishes in the entire globe. The development of a more thorough understanding of the evolution within any taxon can be assisted using osteological data. The current study is the first attempt to investigate the osteological relationships among members of the Subfamily- Labeoninae- tribe Garrini (Garra mullya), Subfamily Smiliogastrinae (Puntius mahecola, Puntius sahyadriensis, Rohtee ogilbii and Systomus sarana), Family Danionidae (Barilius barna, Barilius bendelisis and Salmophasia balookee), Family- Danionidae Subfamily Danioninae (Devariao aequipinatus) and Family DanionidaeSubfamily Rasborinae (Rasbora daniconius and Rasbora labiosa). Members of the aforementioned species were procured from local markets or collected from the wild from Lonavala, Karjat, Patan, Pune, Bhor, and Malvan, and they were then preserved in either absolute alcohol or 4% buffered formalin. These preserved specimens were identified and used for cleaning and staining with slight modifications to the Taylor and Van Dyke (1985) methodology. Under an Olympus SZX Stereo microscope, these cleaned and stained specimens were examined. Photos were taken, and pictures or drawings were created for further research. Variations in the caudal fin's components were studied.
... The list includes 212 endemic species, of which 47% were categorized as threatened or nearly threatened category. Thereafter, a few more new species have been reported from WGs in the recent past that includes Pethia longicauda (Katwate et al., 2014), Pethia sanjaymoluri (Katwate et al., 2016), Channa pseudomarulius (Britz et al., 2017), Aenigmachanna gollum (Britz et al., 2019a), Channa rara (Britz et al., 2019b), and Waikhomia hira (Katwate et al., 2020). Many of the endemic species of WGs are popular in the global aquarium trade. ...
Puntius denisonii is popularly known as Miss Kerala in India or Denison barb or Red line torpedo barb in the global ornamental fish trade. The species is endemic to fast-flowing rivers and streams of the Western Ghats of India. The species was not very popular earlier in aquatic trade but has been in great demand in global aquarium trade since it was exhibited at AQARAMA 1997 in Singapore and ranked third under the new species category. The export of the species from India started in 1996–1997, which increased progressively and constituted about 60%–65% of a total of 1.44 million US$ worth of ornamental fish exported from India in 2007–2008. Thereafter, it started declining and presently became negligible. It was attributed to depleting stocks of P. denisonii in rivers and streams of Western Ghats. The species was recommended to be listed as endangered on the IUCN red list in a CAMP workshop held at NBFGR, Lucknow, India in September 1997, owing to habitat degradation and the declining number of mature individuals in the wild. It was categorized as Vulnerable in 2009 and Endangered in 2015 under the IUCN red list. The Department of Fisheries, Government of Kerala has restricted the collection of smaller size fish from natural water bodies since 2008 to revive wild stocks. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India has now proposed to include P. denisonii along with two other freshwater fish species, Semiplotus semiplotus (Assamese kingfish) and Osteobrama belangeri (Manipur osteobrama), as Schedule-I species under the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2021 of India. The species listed under this Schedule are prohibited to be hunted throughout the country. The captive breeding technology of P. denisonii has already been developed in the country more than a decade back, and fish is being produced commercially at several farms presently including hatcheries of the Kerala Government. The species is also being cultured and produced on a commercial scale by many ornamental fish farmers of Indonesia and supplied to the global ornamental fish trade at cheaper rates, and more color strains. The major factors that are responsible for the depletion of the stocks of P. denisonii and the overall fish biodiversity of Western Ghat regions are discussed in detail. The conflicts and repercussions that will arise because of the inclusion of Denison Barb or any other freshwater fish as Schedule-I species under the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2021 of India are also discussed.
... The ichthyofauna of Western Ghats was once considered as poorly documented (Raghavan et al. 2012), however, new species discoveries and taxonomic revisions in recent past has greatly contributed in the understanding of fresh water fish diversity of this region (Dahanukar, Diwekar and Paingankar, 2011;Benziger et al. 2011;Bhoite, Jadhav and Dahanukar, 2012;Katwate et al. 2014;Katwate et al. 2016;Arunachalam et al. 2017). ...
The stone loaches of family Nemacheilidae is reported for the first time from the state of Gujarat, India. During our recent survey in south Gujarat, we have collected two specimens of Schistura cf. denisoni and one specimen of Indoreonectes evezardi from two river (Ambika and Purna) systems; which represent new record of both the species as well as of Nemacheilid loaches for the state of Gujarat.
Freshwater fish fauna of Krishna River, Sangli district was studied from 2013 to 2017. A total of 73 species belonging to 10 orders, 22 families, and 49 genera were recorded, of which, 29 species are endemic to the Western Ghats and 11 species endemic to the Krishna River system. Labeo kontius, an endemic barb of the Cauvery River System was recorded for the first time from the Krishna River, Maharashtra. As per the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 54 species are assessed as ‘Least Concern’, four species as ‘Near Threatened’, three species as ‘Vulnerable’, five as ‘Endangered’, and two as ‘Data Deficient’. The conservation status of two species has not yet been assessed. Fish fauna of the Krishna River within the study area is threatened as a result of alien species, and several anthropogenic stressors such as pollution from industrial as well as agricultural sources, human settlements, and overfishing. Since, this small study area harbours 28 endemic and eight threatened species, their conservation should be given high priority.
Maharaja Barbs (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), endemic to the high-altitude streams of the northern Western Ghats are currently represented by a single species, Puntius sahyadriensis. Integrative taxonomic analysis of these fishes reveals them to form a distinct clade within the Cyprinidae, for which we propose the name Waikhomia gen. nov. Waikhomia differs from Puntius and other closely related genera by a combination of characters including: barbels absent; last unbranched dorsal-fin ray smooth, with highly segmented apex; total vertebrae 30 (17 abdominal and 13 caudal); post-epiphysial fontanelle absent, frontals elongated, parietals narrow; infraorbital 2–4 large, deep and wide, overlapping cheek and preopercle; opercle not overlapping the interopercle laterally; free uroneural 2 absent; lateral line complete, with 23–25 perforated scales; pelvic fins jet black with tip of fins white; and body coloration consisting of multiple (6–8) spots and blotches on side of body. We also describe a new species of Waikhomia from the west-flowing Kali river system in the northern part of the Western Ghats, India. The new species, Waikhomia hira is distinguished from W. sahyadriensis by a combination of characters including a distinct body coloration, consisting of 7–8 small, rhomboidal spots arranged across the lateral-line scale row; 23–25 perforated lateral line scales; 10 pre-dorsal scales and 2–3 sparsely spaced gill rakers on epibranchial 1. Further, W. hira differs from its sister taxon, W. sahyadriensis, by a raw genetic distance ranging from 4.3–4.9% in partial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, and 7.0–8.2% in partial cytochrome b genes.
A total of 61 endemic species were assessed. Of these, 12 point endemic species were listed as Critically Endangered (CR); 24 range-restricted species were Endangered (EN); and nine species were Vulnerable (VU). In addition, five species were Near Threatened (NT); two were listed as Data Deficient (DD); and the remaining were listed as Least Concern (LC). This means that 74% — nearly three quarters — of the freshwater fish endemic to Sri Lanka were found to be Threatened with extinction.
Thirty-six native species were also assessed and of these, only eight species were listed as Threatened.
Channa rara, new species, is described from the Jagbudi River in Maharashtra, India. It belongs to the Gachua group and differs from all its members by the possession of one or more ocelli in the posterior part of the dorsal fin in adults (vs. ocelli absent or 1, rarely 2–3 ocelli in juveniles only). It is further distinguished from most species of the C. gachua group by having 6–7 dark concentric bands on the pectoral fins. We review recent descriptions of species of the genus Channa and conclude that C. royi is a synonym of Channa harcourtbutleri, that the diagnosis of C. shingon from C. harcourtbutleri is seriously flawed and that C. torsaensis is not sufficiently diagnosed from C. quinquefasciata. The recently described C. amari is a junior synonym of C. brunnea.
DNA barcodes analyzed by using relevant techniques provide an imperative approach towards validation of prevailing taxa and putative species. Here, molecular methods were used for assessment of 246 barcodes belonging to 81 fish species from northern Western Ghats of India, using, Barcode gap analysis, barcode index number, automatic barcode gap discovery, Poisson tree processes and general mixed Yule-coalescent, these methods had their potential to discriminate 97.53%, 93.90% 95.06%, 93.82% and 92.59% of species respectively. But, some of them tended to estimate the inconsistent number of species leading to discrepancies between the morphological concept and inference from molecular phylogenetic reconstructions. So, we took a standard approach to recognize those methods that produced consistent results, three of five such methods were identified that revealed three hidden cryptic species complexes in Monopterus indicus, Parambassis ranga and Systomus sarana. Further, to validate these three genetically diverged species, we used diagnostic character based approach along with nine unidentified species through BLOG and WEKAs SMO classifier. Those methods were unable to identify these species, which might be due to the limited number of specimens used for the analysis. This is the first effort to generate the DNA barcode reference library of freshwater fishes from northern Western Ghats of India, one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. These barcodes when analyzed through the defined workflow, will provide valuable measures to prove the efficiency of molecular species delimitation methods in taxonomic discrimination which aid conservation of biodiversity.
While describing the fishes of Ganges, Hamilton described Cyprinus ticto (now allocated to Pethia) from south-eastern parts of Bengal. The unavailability of type material and insufficient diagnostic characters in the original description resulted in ambiguities in the identity of this species. In this paper, we clarify the identity of P. ticto through an integrativetaxonomic approach. Pethia ticto can be distinguished from all other known species of the genus by a combination of characters that includes an abbreviated lateral line with 6–12 pored scales; 23–26 scales in lateral-scale row; 9 predorsal scales; ½4/1/3½–4 scales in transverse series; and a pigmentation pattern that includes a small black humeral spot covering the third and fourth lateral-line scales, a prominent spot on the caudal peduncle on the 16th–19th scales of the lateral-line scale row, and two rows of black spots scattered on the dorsal fin.
Pethia striata, new species, is described from the Tunga River in Kudremukh National Park, in the central part of the Western Ghats, Karnataka State, India. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: absence of barbels; stiff and serrated last unbranched dorsal-fin ray; complete lateral line with 20–21 pored scales and a relatively small humeral spot one scale below the fourth lateral-line scale; a large black blotch covering lateral-line scales 17–19. In addition, the outer edges of body scales are dark, producing a striped pattern along the sides of the body. Pethia striata, new species, is presently known only from headwater-streams of the Tunga River basin.
Ahmadabad and its surrounding region (Gujarat, India) is an important breeding area for the Critically Endangered White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis, currently with around 60 breeding pairs. The kite flying festival, celebrated on 14 and 15 January, poses a major threat to the vulture. Through rigorous awareness and rescue programs we encountered 108 White-rumped Vultures between January 2009 and August 2012. The vultures were injured due to kite flying (43.9%) and other causes, such as dehydration, visceral gout and illness (56.1%). Considering all encounters, survival rates were higher among vultures with kite string injuries (53.3%) when compared to other causes (36.7%). This was due to a higher proportion of dead-on-arrival encounters in other causes (45.0%) especially when compared to encounters with visceral gout and kite string injuries (2.2%). The survival rates of encounters of live rescued vultures are higher in other causes (66.7%) compared to kite string injuries (54.5%). This is mainly because the majority of live encounters (excluding kite string injuries) are dehydrated fledglings or juveniles which recover well upon administration of intravenous fluids. Encounters of live vultures with kite string injuries involve birds with severe blood loss, incurable infections and stress which result in decreased survival. Most casualties from kite string injuries are due to hypovolumic shock, septic shock and stress.
There are 3108 valid and named native fish species in the inland waters of
Southeast Asia between the Irrawaddy and Red River drainages, the small coastal drainages
between the Red River and Hainan, the whole Indochinese Peninsula, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, Indonesia (excluding Papua Province, Waigeo, Aru [but Kai is included]), and the
Philippines. They belong to 137 families. Their taxonomy and nomenclature are reviewed. The
original descriptions of all 7047 recorded species-group names and 1980 genus-group names
have been checked in the original works for correct spelling, types, type locality and bibliographic references. The bibliography includes about 4700 titles. Synonymies are given, based on published information as well as unpublished observations.
The names of 49 introduced species and 347 extralimital taxa cited in the discussions have
also been checked. The original descriptions of all species not present in the covered area but
cited as type species of genera have been checked for availability, authorship, date and correct
spelling. The availability of some family-group names has been checked when there was suspicion of possible nomenclatural problems.
Bibliographic notes include new informations on the dates of publication of works by, among
others, Bleeker, Bloch, Heckel and Steindachner and discussion of authorship of names in various works.
Francis Day described Pethia punctata from Cochin, on the Malabar (south western) coast of India. Although, the species is now recovered from its synonymy with P. ticto, an accurate diagnosis and description have been lacking. A redescription of P. punctata based on external morphology, osteology and genetics is provided, which revealed that P. muvattupuzhaensis, described from Muvattupuzha River, Ernakulam District, Kerala, India, is its junior synonym. Pethia punctata can be diagnosed from other known species in the genus by a combination of characters including lateral line complete, with 23–25 pored scales; 8 predorsal scales; ½4/1/3½ scales in transverse line; dorsal fin originating almost opposite to, or slightly before pelvic-fin origin; gill rakers 7 on first ceratobranchial; 4+26 total vertebrae; a small black humeral spot covering anterior half of the fourth scale of the row below the lateral-line row; two minute dark spots below the humeral spot; a prominent spot on the caudal peduncle, surrounded by a golden hoop covering scales 19–21 of the lateral-line row; and dorsal fin with 2–3 longitudinal rows of black spots, third row occupying only anterior portion of the fin.
Pethia rutila, a new species is described from Karnaphuli drainage, Mizoram, Northeast India. It is distinguished from its congeners in having a complete lateral line with 21-22 scales, an inconspicuous black humeral spot on the scale row below the 3rd and 4th lateral-line scales, a black blotch on the caudal peduncle centered above the insertion of the last anal-fin ray, overlapping lateral-line scales 16-18 or 17-19 and ½4/1/3½ scales in transverse line from dorsal-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin.
Pethia longicauda, a new cyprinid fish, is described from Hiranyakeshi River, Krishna drainage, Maharashtra, India. It can be distinguished from congeners based on a combination of characters including: a long caudal peduncle, incomplete lateral line, absence of barbels, upper lip thick and fleshy, distinct lateral fold on snout, 22–24 scales in lateral series, 5–6 lateral-line pored scales, nine predorsal scales, 9–10 prepelvic scales, 15–17 preanal scales, ½3/1/3½ transverse scales, 11–15 pairs of serrae on the distal half of the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray, 11–13 branched pectoral fin rays, 4+26 total vertebrae, 4+5 predorsal vertebrae, 4+13 abdominal and 13 caudal vertebrae, body iridescent silver in color with a black humeral spot, two black blotches on caudal peduncle and dorsal fin usually without any color bands or blotches but in breeding males with two rows of minute, indistinct black spots.
A new species of barb Pethia lutea is described from the Kundalika River in the northern part of the Western Ghats. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners in India based on a combination of characters including a distinct humped nape, absence of barbels, complete lateral line, lips thick, lateral fold on snout, 19–22 lateral line scales, 8 predorsal scales, 9–10 prepelvic scales, 14–15 preanal scales, 4–4½ transverse scale rows between lateral line and dorsal fin origin, 2½–3 transverse scale rows between lateral line and pelvic fin base, 6–9 pair of serrae on the distal half of the dorsal fin spine, 13–15 branched pectoral fin rays, 7 branched pelvic fin rays, 4+26 total vertebrae, 4+13 abdominal and 13 caudal vertebrae, body with one vertical humeral and one caudal blotch and dorsal fin without any bands or blotches. Additionally, we provide new records of Pethia punctata from the rivers of Maharashtra State along with a description of its osteology.
Pethia setnai is an endemic and threatened freshwater fish of the Western Ghats of India. It has a restricted distribution in
the west flowing rivers in the states of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. We clarify the phylogenetic position of Pethia setnai, provide
osteological details of topotypic material, and morphometric data of specimens from Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. We also provide
details on micro-level distribution, habitat and threats to the species in its native range.
We announce the release of an advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis. In version 6.0, MEGA now enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements our RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny. A new Timetree Wizard in MEGA6 facilitates this timetree inference by providing a graphical user interface (GUI) to specify the phylogeny and calibration constraints step-by-step. This version also contains enhanced algorithms to search for the optimal trees under evolutionary criteria and implements a more advanced memory management that can double the size of sequence data sets to which MEGA can be applied. Both GUI and command-line versions of MEGA6 can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
Puntius padamya, new species, is described from the type locality near Mandalay, in the Ayeyarwaddy River drainage, Myanmar. Referred specimens are reported from the lower Chindwin River. Puntius padamya is distinguished from other species of the P. con- chonius species group above all by the colour pattern. Males possess a broad red band from the head to the base of the caudal fin, abdominal scales with dark margins, and hyaline dorsal, anal and pectoral fins with conspicuous black spots and black distal margins. Both sexes pos- sess a vertically elongate dark humeral blotch and a small, inconspicuous dark blotch on the side of the caudal peduncle. Puntius padamya is a well known aquarium fish, commercialized as "Odessa barb".
Puntius cumingii, a Sri Lankan endemic, has long been known to be dichromatic. In one colour morph the dorsal, anal and pelvic fins are yellow, while in the other these fins are red. We show that P. cumingii in fact comprises two species. Puntius reval, new species, is distinguished from all other Sri Lankan and south Indian congeners by having the last unbranched dorsal ray serrated; lateral line incomplete, perforating 4-9 scales; scale rows above lateral line arranged in a distinctive pattern; dorsal, anal and pelvic fins red (pale yellow in the Kalu River population); body colour pattern consisting of two black bars, one behind gill opening and one above posterior extremity of anal-fin base; and by lacking barbels. The new species is further distinguished from P. cumingii by having a maximum standard length of 33.6 mm (vs. 41.2 mm); a smaller eye diameter (9.8-10.5, vs. 10.8-12.1 percent of standard length); 11+13 (vs. 11+15) vertebrae; cleithrum with a single spine (vs. smooth); and proximal arm of fifth ceratobranchial with an oval foramen of diameter less than (vs. greater than) basal diameter of teeth. The cytochrome b divergence between P. reval and P. cumingii is 2.0-2.5 %. Puntius reval is described from the Kelani drainage, though it ranges throughout the lowlands northwards to the Maha drainage, whereas P. cumingii is recorded from the more southerly Bentara and Gin drainages.
The tropical Asian cyprinid genus Puntius, which contains some 120 valid species, has long been suspected to be polyphyletic. Here, through an examination of external morphology, osteology, and analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b gene fragments from 31 South Asian species hitherto referred to Puntius, we show that these fishes represent at least five lineages recognisable as genera. Puntius sensu stricto has the rostral barbels absent; last unbranched dorsal-fin ray weak or strong, smooth; and lateral line complete, with 22-28 pored scales. Systomus possesses maxillary and rostral barbels; last unbranched dorsal-fin ray stiff (‘osseous’), serrated; and lateral line complete, with 27-34 scales. Three new genera are proposed: Dawkinsia (type species Leuciscus filamentosus) is distinguished by lacking rostral barbels; having the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray smooth; lateral line complete, with 18-22 scales; and a juvenile colour pattern that includes three black bars on the body. Dravidia (type species Cirrhinus fasciatus) is distinguished by having both rostral and maxillary barbels present; lateral line complete, with 18–26 pored scales; dorsal fin with 4 unbranched and 8 branched rays, last unbranched dorsal-fin ray smooth; infraorbital 3 deep, partly overlapping the preoperculum; and free uroneural and postepiphysial fontanelle absent. Pethia (type species Barbus nigrofasciatus) is distinguished by having the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray stiff, serrated; infraorbital 3 deep, partially overlapping preoperculum; rostral barbels absent; maxillary barbels absent or minute; a black blotch on the caudal peduncle; and frequently, black blotches, spots or bars on the side of the body. The identities of Puntius sophore and Systomus immaculatus are clarified through the designation of neotypes; a lectotype is designated for Neolissochilus bovanicus; and precedence is given to the spelling bovanicus over bovianicus.
Abstract: Puntius ticto, a widely distributed barb, was long believed to have many variants. Recent research has shown that what was earlier known as P. ticto in different regions of India comprised of many similar looking species such as P. manipurensis, P. muvattupuzhaensis, P. pookodensis, among others. As yet another addition to this complex, we describe Puntius nigripinnis sp. nov. from the Nilgiris and Wyanad area of the southern Western Ghats. Puntius nigripinnis, sp. nov., is distinguished from all other congeners by lacking barbels and having the last unbranched dorsal ray serrated; 20–21 lateral line scales; lateral line incomplete, piercing 3–5 scales; dorsal, anal, pelvic and pectoral fins black in adult males; body pattern consisting of a humeral mark on the 3rd or 4th lateral-line scale and a second larger, band-like spot on the 18th and 19th scale, forming a ring around the caudal peduncle, and only two scales between the second spot and the root of the caudal fin.
Keywords: Puntius, P. ticto, new species, Western Ghats.
PhyML is a phylogeny software based on the maximum-likelihood principle. Early PhyML versions used a fast algorithm performing nearest neighbor interchanges to improve a reasonable starting tree topology. Since the original publication (Guindon S., Gascuel O. 2003. A simple, fast and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst. Biol. 52:696-704), PhyML has been widely used (>2500 citations in ISI Web of Science) because of its simplicity and a fair compromise between accuracy and speed. In the meantime, research around PhyML has continued, and this article describes the new algorithms and methods implemented in the program. First, we introduce a new algorithm to search the tree space with user-defined intensity using subtree pruning and regrafting topological moves. The parsimony criterion is used here to filter out the least promising topology modifications with respect to the likelihood function. The analysis of a large collection of real nucleotide and amino acid data sets of various sizes demonstrates the good performance of this method. Second, we describe a new test to assess the support of the data for internal branches of a phylogeny. This approach extends the recently proposed approximate likelihood-ratio test and relies on a nonparametric, Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like procedure. A detailed analysis of real alignments sheds light on the links between this new approach and the more classical nonparametric bootstrap method. Overall, our tests show that the last version (3.0) of PhyML is fast, accurate, stable, and ready to use. A Web server and binary files are available from http://www.atgc-montpellier.fr/phyml/.
TOPALi v2 simplifies and automates the use of several methods for the evolutionary analysis of multiple sequence alignments. Jobs are submitted from a Java graphical user interface as TOPALi web services to either run remotely on high-performance computing clusters or locally (with multiple cores supported). Methods available include model selection and phylogenetic tree estimation using the Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood (ML) approaches, in addition to recombination detection methods. The optimal substitution model can be selected for protein or nucleic acid (standard, or protein-coding using a codon position model) data using accurate statistical criteria derived from ML co-estimation of the tree and the substitution model. Phylogenetic software available includes PhyML, RAxML and MrBayes.
Availability: Freely downloadable from http://www.topali.org for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and Solaris.
Contact: iain.milne@scri.ac.uk
A new approach to rapid sequence comparison, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), directly approximates alignments that optimize a measure of local similarity, the maximal segment pair (MSP) score. Recent mathematical results on the stochastic properties of MSP scores allow an analysis of the performance of this method as well as the statistical significance of alignments it generates. The basic algorithm is simple and robust; it can be implemented in a number of ways and applied in a variety of contexts including straightforward DNA and protein sequence database searches, motif searches, gene identification searches, and in the analysis of multiple regions of similarity in long DNA sequences. In addition to its flexibility and tractability to mathematical analysis, BLAST is an order of magnitude faster than existing sequence comparison tools of comparable sensitivity.
Model selection is a topic of special relevance in molecular phylogenetics that affects many, if not all, stages of phylogenetic
inference. Here we discuss some fundamental concepts and techniques of model selection in the context of phylogenetics. We
start by reviewing different aspects of the selection of substitution models in phylogenetics from a theoretical, philosophical
and practical point of view, and summarize this comparison in table format. We argue that the most commonly implemented model
selection approach, the hierarchical likelihood ratio test, is not the optimal strategy for model selection in phylogenetics,
and that approaches like the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian methods offer important advantages. In particular,
the latter two methods are able to simultaneously compare multiple nested or nonnested models, assess model selection uncertainty,
and allow for the estimation of phylogenies and model parameters using all available models (model-averaged inference or multimodel
inference). We also describe how the relative importance of the different parameters included in substitution models can be
depicted. To illustrate some of these points, we have applied AIC-based model averaging to 37 mitochondrial DNA sequences
from the subgenus Ohomopterus (genus Carabus) ground beetles described by Sota and Vogler (2001).
Five small species of Puntius, all characterised by a prominent blotch or band on the caudal peduncle, occur syntopic in small streams around Myitkyina and also Lake Indawgyi in northern Myanmar. Puntius erythromycter, new species, is characterised by a small size (to 33.1 mm SL), a dark band around the caudal peduncle, an abbreviated lateral line, males with reddish snout beset with tubercles, and absence of barbels. Puntius nankyweensis, new species, is diagnosed by a small size (to 32.5 mm SL), presence of minute barbels, a dark band around the caudal peduncle, an abbreviated lateral line, and absence of a scale row above the lateral line. Puntius thelys, new species, is a moderate sized species (to 41.8 mm SL), with an abbreviated lateral line, a dark blotch on the caudal peduncle, and absence of humeral marking. Puntius macrogramma, new species, is a moderate sized species (to 50.9 mm SL), with complete or almost complete lateral line, a minute humeral spot, and a dark blotch on the caudal peduncle. Puntius erythromycter, P. nankyweensis, P. thelys, and P. macrogramma are referred to the P. conchonius species group. Puntius pugio, new species, reaching 39.3 mm SL, is similar to P. amphibius, P. brevis, P. burmanicus, P. chola, P. leiacanthus, P. sophore, and P. terio in the presence of a frontoparietal fontanelle and also characterised by the absence of barbels, a complete lateral line, last unbranched dorsal fin ray without serrae, and a dark band around the caudal peduncle. Cyprinus puntio Hamilton, 1822, originally described from India but later only reported from Myanmar, is considered to be a species inquirenda. It cannot be identified on the basis of the description and there are no type specimens preserved.
Puntius ater and P. khugae, two new species of fishes, each having a black longitudinal stripe on the side, are described from the Chindwin basin in Manipur, India. Puntius ater, which inhabits sluggish streams is distinct in having the dorsal fin edge black, the lateral line incomplete with 5-11 pored scales, 25-29 scales in the lateral row; transverse scales 1/24/1/ 41/2; preanal scales 20; and a black blotch extending over the 19th and 20 th scales of the lateral-line row at the level above the posterior end of the anal fin base. Puntius khugae, inhabiting comparatively faster, clear-water streams is distinct in having the dorsal fin edge plain, the lateral line incomplete with 8-11 pored scales, 28-30 scales in the lateral row; transverse scales 1/25/1/41/2; preanal scales 19; and a black blotch on the 21st scale of the lateral-line row at the level above one scale behind the origin of the last anal fin ray. Morphological traits observed in P. ticto and P. stoliczkanus are given, and the status of these species is discussed.
Fishes currently assigned to Pethia gelius Hamilton from West Bengal are shown to belong to a closely-related group of three species: P. gelius, its erstwhile synonym P. canius Hamilton and a new species, P. aurea. The three species are distinguished from all other species of Pethia by having the lateral line incomplete, with 3-4 pored scales; 20-26 scales in lateral series on body; 1/24-5/1/2-31/2 scales in transverse line on body; 8-9 predorsal scales; barbels absent and by a unique colour pattern consisting of two or three black blotches on the body (which, however, fade on preservation), the first behind the opercle, the second beneath the origin of the dorsal fin, extending to the mid-lateral region, and the third above the origin of the anal fin. A black spot is also present at the base of the dorsal and anal fins. Additionally, P. gelius is distinguished by having the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray thick, straight, serrated, with 20-25 serrae on its posterior margin; a snout length of 6.1-8.4 % standard length (SL); a body depth of 32.6-37.7 % SL; and a dorsal-fin height of 19.4-22.8 % SL. Pethia canius is additionally distinguished by having a snout length of 8.9-11.8 % SL; a body depth of 28.1-32.2 % SL; and dorsal-fin height of 26.9-32.8 % SL. Pethia aurea, new species, is additionally distinguished from all its congeners by having 1/25/1/3-31/2 scales in transverse line on body; 9 pre-dorsal scales; and last unbranched dorsal-fin ray slender, serrated, with 19-22 serrae on posterior margin.
The name Pethia melanomaculata (Deraniyagala) is available for the Sri Lankan fish previously referred to P. ticto, being distinguished from its Indian congeners by the combination of the following characters; having ½4/1/3½ scales in transverse line on body; body depth 32.4–41.5% of standard length (SL); head length (HL) 26.1–29.2% of SL; snout length 25.3–35.6% of HL; eye diameter 24.4–31.9% of HL; a small black humeral spot on lateral-line scales 3 or 4; a black spot on caudal peduncle, on scales 16–18 of the lateral line series; 3 unbranched dorsal-fin rays, the last one strongly serrated, with 8–11 serrae.
The paper describes Pethia expletiforis, a new cyprinid species from the Ka-ao River, Kaladan drainage, Mizoram, India. It is distinguished from its congeners in the Chindwin-Irrawaddy and Ganga-Brahmaputra drainages by the combination of: a complete lateral line, nine predorsal scales, 12 circumpeduncular scales, ½4/1/3½ transverse scales, a black blotch on the caudal peduncle, and the absence of a humeral mark and barbels.
Members of the genus Psilorhynchus are small benthic fishes, commonly referred to as torrent minnows, which inhabit the fast to swift flowing water bodies of the Indo-Burma region and the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. Despite being described scientifically in the mid 18th century, the morphology of Psilorhynchus remains poorly known and its phylogenetic placement within the order Cypriniformes is a matter of considerable debate. In this paper the osteology of Psilorhynchus sucatio is described and illustrated in detail. Notes and/or illustrations on the osteology of 12 other species of Psilorhynchus are also provided for the first time. A phylogenetic investigation of the position of Psilorhynchus within the order Cypriniformes is also conducted. Analysis of 127 morphological characters scored for 52 ingroup taxa (including 12 species of Psilorhynchus) and four outgroup taxa resulted in 14 equally parsimonious cladograms (287 steps long; consitency index, CI = 0.48; retention index, RI = 0.88). Psilorhynchus is recovered as the sister group to the family Cyprinidae, and is regarded as a member of the superfamily Cyprinoidea, which forms the sister group to the Cobitoidea (including all other cypriniform families). The sistergroup relationship between Psilorhynchus and Cyprinidae is supported by eight derived characters (five of which are homoplastic within the order Cypriniformes). The monophyly of Psilorhynchus is supported by 16 derived characters (eight of which are homoplastic within Cypriniformes). Three species groups of Psilorhynchus are proposed, the Psilorhynchus balitora group (including P. amplicephalus, P. balitora, P. breviminor, P. nepalensis, P. rahmani, P. pavimentatus, and P. brachyrhynchus), the Psilorhynchus gracilis group (including P. gracilis, P. melissa, P. robustus, and P. tenura), and the Psilorhynchus homaloptera group (including P. arunachalensis, P. homaloptera, P. microphthalmus, and P. pseudecheneis). The continued use of the family group name Psilorhynchidae is recommended. Comments on the interrelationships of the Cypriniformes are also provided.
© 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011.
Five small species of Puntius, all characterised by a prominent blotch or band on the caudal peduncle, occur syntopic in small streams around Myitkyina and also Lake Indawgyi in northern Myanmar. Puntius erythromycter, new species, is characterised by a small size (to 33.1 mm SL), a dark band around the caudal peduncle, an abbreviated lateral line, males with reddish snout beset with tubercles, and absence of barbels. Puntius nankyweensis, new species, is diagnosed by a small size (to 32.5 mm SL), presence of minute barbels, a dark band around the caudal peduncle, an abbreviated lateral line, and absence of a scale row above the lateral line. Puntius thelys, new species, is a moderate sized species (to 41.8 mm SL), with an abbreviated lateral line, a dark blotch on the caudal peduncle, and absence of humeral marking. Puntius macrogramma, new species, is a moderate sized species (to 50.9 mm SL), with complete or almost complete lateral line, a minute humeral spot, and a dark blotch on the caudal peduncle. Puntius erythromycter, P. nankyweensis, P. thelys, and P. macrogramma are referred to the P. conchonius species group. Puntius pugio, new species, reaching 39.3 mm SL, is similar to P. amphibius, P. brevis, P. burmanicus, P. chola, P. leiacanthus, P. sophore, and P. terio in the presence of a frontoparietal fontanelle and also characterised by the absence of barbels, a complete lateral line, last unbranched dorsal fin ray without serrae, and a dark band around the caudal peduncle. Cyprinus puntio Hamilton, 1822, originally described from India but later only reported from Myanmar, is considered to be a species inquirenda. It cannot be identified on the basis of the description and there are no type specimens preserved.
We describe MUSCLE, a new computer program for creating multiple alignments of protein sequences. Elements of the algorithm
include fast distance estimation using kmer counting, progressive alignment using a new profile function we call the log‐expectation score, and refinement using tree‐dependent
restricted partitioning. The speed and accuracy of MUSCLE are compared with T‐Coffee, MAFFT and CLUSTALW on four test sets
of reference alignments: BAliBASE, SABmark, SMART and a new benchmark, PREFAB. MUSCLE achieves the highest, or joint highest,
rank in accuracy on each of these sets. Without refinement, MUSCLE achieves average accuracy statistically indistinguishable
from T‐Coffee and MAFFT, and is the fastest of the tested methods for large numbers of sequences, aligning 5000 sequences
of average length 350 in 7 min on a current desktop computer. The MUSCLE program, source code and PREFAB test data are freely
available at http://www.drive5. com/muscle.
A new fish of the genus Puntius Hamilton (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae) from Goa
- Chhapgar B. F.
Chhapgar, B. F. & Sane, S. R. (1992). A new fish of the genus Puntius Hamilton (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae) from Goa. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 89,
357-359.
The Status of Freshwater Biodiversity in the Western Ghats, India
- N. Dahanukar
- R. Raghavan
- A. Ali
- R. Abraham
- C. P. Shaji
Two new species of puntiid fish from the Yu River system of Manipur
- Arunkumar L.
Arunkumar, L. & Tombi Singh, H. T. (2003). Two new species of puntiid fish from the Yu River
system of Manipur. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99, 481-487.
- T V A Mercy
- E Jacob
Mercy, T. V. A. & Jacob, E. (2007). A new species of Teleostei: Puntius pookodensis
(Cyprinidae) from Wayanad, Kerala, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History
Society 104, 76-78.
- G M Yazdani
- S Talukdar
Yazdani, G. M. & Talukdar, S. (1975). A new species of Puntius (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)
from Khasi and Jaintia Hills (Meghalaya), India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History
Society 72, 218-221.
FigTree, Ver. 1.4.2. Available at <http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/> (last accessed 28 February 2015).
- A. Rambaut
Puntius sharmai, a new cyprinid fish from Madras
- Menon A. G. K.
Menon, A. G. K. & Rema Devi, K. (1993). Puntius sharmai, a new cyprinid fish from Madras.
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 89, 353-354.
Notes on fishes in the Indian Museum. XXVIII. On three collections of fish from Mysore and Coorg, south India
- Hora S. L.
Hora, S. L. (1937). Notes on fishes in the Indian Museum. XXVIII. On three collections of fish
from Mysore and Coorg, south India. Records of the Indian Museum 39, 5-28.
A new species of Puntius (Cyprinidae: Cyprininae) from Manipur, India
- A G K Menon
- Rema Devi
- K Vishwanath
Menon, A. G. K., Rema Devi, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2000). A new species of Puntius
(Cyprinidae: Cyprininae) from Manipur, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History
Society 97, 263-268.
Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes, Special Publication No. 1
- T. Potthoff
BNHS FWF 163, one specimen, 56·5 mm L S , male, cleared and stained specimen
- C O M Pa R At I V E M At E R I A L E X A M I N E D Pethia Conchonius
C O M PA R AT I V E M AT E R I A L E X A M I N E D
Pethia conchonius (n = 5): BNHS FWF 163, one specimen, 56·5 mm L S, male,
cleared and stained specimen, India, West Bengal, Kolkata, Ramnagar, Beri Baor, 22 ∘
54 ′ 32 ′′ N; 88 ∘ 51 ′ 14 ′′ E; 5 m a.s.l., U. Katwate, R. Raghavan and N. Dahanukar, 6
22 ∘ 54 ′ 32 ′′ N; 88 ∘ 51 ′ 14 ′′ E; 5 m a.s.l WILD-15-PIS-195-196, two specimens Pethia longicauda (n = 10): Holotype, BNHS FWF 96, 36·0 mm L S
- L S India
- West Bengal
- Kolkata
- Beri Ramnagar
- U Baor
- R Katwate
- N Raghavan
- L S Dahanukar
- India
- Bihar
June 2014; WILD-15-PIS-193-194, two specimens, 39·0-42·4 mm L S, India,, West
Bengal, Kolkata, Ramnagar, Beri Baor, 22 ∘ 54 ′ 32 ′′ N; 88 ∘ 51 ′ 14 ′′ E; 5 m a.s.l.,
U. Katwate, R. Raghavan and N. Dahanukar, 6 June 2014; WILD-15-PIS-195-196,
two specimens, 42·5-42·8 mm L S, India, Bihar, Bhagalpur 25 ∘ 15 ′ 46 ′′ N; 86 ∘ 59 ′ 27 ′′
E; 31 m a.s.l., U. Katwate and N. Dahanukar, 10 May 2014.
Pethia longicauda (n = 10): Holotype, BNHS FWF 96, 36·0 mm L S ; India, Maharashtra, Kolhapur District, Hiranyakeshi River near Gavse-Ajara, 16 ∘ 04 ′ 06 ′′ N; 74 ∘
05 ′ 30 ′′ E; 690 m a.s.l., U. Katwate, M. Paingankar and N. Dahanukar, 11 June 2013;
WILD-14-PIS-062, one specimen
- C Katwate
- R Katwate
- V Pawar
- Shinde
Katwate, C. Katwate, R. Pawar and V. Shinde, 23 September 2013; WILD-14-PIS-062,
one specimen, India, Maharashtra, Raigad District, Savitri River, Mahad, 18 ∘ 05 ′ 28 ′′
N; 73 ∘ 27 ′ 58 ′′ E; 16 m a.s.l., U. Katwate, C. Katwate, R. Pawar and V. Shinde, 23
WILD-15-PIS-197, one specimen Pethia phutunio (n = 3): BNHS-FWF-95, one specimen Pethia pookodensis (n = 2): two specimens, specimens not collected Additional data from Mercy
- L S Pethia Padamya Mm
- U Katwate
Pethia padamya (n = 1): WILD-15-PIS-197, one specimen, 37·4 mm L S, aquarium
trade, U. Katwate, 1 December 2014.
Pethia phutunio (n = 3): BNHS-FWF-95, one specimen, India, Odisha, Sambalpur,
S. Jadhav, 7 July 2012; BNHS FWF 93-94, 2 ex., India, West Bengal, Hooghly, R.
Pandit, 12 May 2010.
Pethia pookodensis (n = 2): two specimens, specimens not collected, from India, Kerala, Wayanad, Pookode Lake, R. Raghavan and A. Ali, 14 April 2004 (only photographs
examined). Additional data from Mercy & Jacob (2007).