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Screening of Antibacterial Activity In vitro of Styrax officinalis L. Covers of Berries Extracts
Abstract
This study is conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of one extract of Styrax officinalis L envelopes of berries plant belonging to the Styracae family collected from the coastal area surrounding the city of Lattakia, Syria. Many efforts have been made to discover a new antimicrobial from a variety of sources such as microorganisms, animals and plants. One such source is Folk medicine. Systematic screening of them may result in the discovery of a new effective compound. These extracts are prepared with polar solvent (methanol) by the steeping extraction method. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts is then assessed using the disk diffusion method against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The methanolic extracts of Styrax officinalis L envelopes of berries have shown antimicrobial activities against the tested bacteria. The activity is compared with potent broad spectrum antibiotics such as Cefipime, Amikacine and Ceftriaxon.
... Styrax suberifolius bark inhibited Phomopsis cytospore, Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria solani (Zheleva-Dimitrova et al., 2023). Styrax saponins, including saponin A, showed antifungal activity against Trichoderma viride, Fusarium oxysporum, A. niger, and Rhizopus mucor (Mansour et al., 2016;Sak et al., 2024). Elaeagnus demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activity, particularly against Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Aspergillus species (Khan et al., 2016). ...
In this study, the plants Melissa officinalis (Melissa), Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaeagnus), Styrax officinalis (Styrax) and Echinops ritro (Echinops) were firstly used to prepare enriched bread and to study their effects on the shelf life of bread. Water and alcohol extracts of the plants were also prepared to determine their antibacterial and antifungal activities in-vitro. The focus is on their potential applications as natural preservatives in sustainable functional bread production. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay. Results showed that alcohol extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity than water extracts, with inhibition zones diameters ranging from 15-22 mm for alcohol extracts compared to 8-13 mm for water extracts. Gram-negative bacteria, such as Salmonella Paratyphi A, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, showed resistance, with inhibition zone diameters below 10 mm. However, alcohol extracts from Styrax and Elaeagnus achieved inhibition zone diameters of 12-15 mm against these pathogens. Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, showed promising results, with alcohol extracts zones averaging 20 mm and water extracts inhibition of zone diameters averaging 14 mm. Fungal inhibition zone diameters was effective, with extracts reducing Aspergillus niger growth by 85%. A shelf life experiment revealed that bread enriched with Elaeagnus and Melissa extracts remained mold-free for 7 days, while control samples developed mold within 3-4 days. Sensory analysis indicated that 80% of participants preferred the taste and aroma of Elaeagnus seed bread, with an average score of 4.5-5. The incorporation of medicinal and aromatics plants not only enhances bread flavour but also provides health benefits besides sell life of bread. These plants serve as valuable natural preservatives, improving nutritional value, extending shelf life, and inhibiting harmful microorganisms in sustainable bread production.
... The methanolic extract was reported to have anti-microbial activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The active was compared with broad-spectrum antibiotics such as cefepime, amikacin, and Ceftriaxone (Mansour et al., 2016). Aqueous and organic extracts of Styrax officinalis have been found to have antioxidant and antimicrobial effects (Jaradat et al., 2018). ...
Plants of Styrax officinalis are members of the family Styracaceae, which comprises small trees or shrubs. It is predominant in the Mediterranean region. The leaves of this plant exhibit active phytochemical compounds with antioxidant properties. This project aims to examine the cytotoxic effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the leaves of Styrax officinalis on two selected human cancer cell lines: mammary gland carcinoma (MCF7), human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) in addition to the noncancerous cell line fibroblast. In vitro, the cytotoxic activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of leaves of S. officinalis was investigated against three cell lines: MCF-7, HepG2, and fibroblast, and the outcomes of this study showed that the highest cytotoxic activity was revealed in methanolic extract of leaves against MCF-7 and HepG2 with IC50 values of 14.95μg/ml and 19.39μg/ml respectively.
... All tests were conducted in triplicate. 9,18,21,22 Screening of bacteria for enzymatic activities: ...
In the face of escalating drug resistance amongst microorganisms, the imperative to discover novel sources of
antimicrobials is growing. To this end, this investigation delves into the potential of sponge symbiotic bacteria as
an alternative source. The aim is to identify and assess the antimicrobial and biocatalytic capacities of symbiotic
bacteria located in Xestospongia sp., indigenous to the waters of Derawan Island, Indonesia. Leveraging ½
strength R-2A agar medium, we succeeded in isolating seven symbiotic bacterial strains. The antimicrobial
prowess of these isolates was subsequently put to the test against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Five of the seven isolates demonstrated a significant capacity to inhibit bacterial growth, with the Xp-05 isolate
being the most effective. Molecular identification revealed that these symbiotic bacteria were part of the Bacillus
genus, more specifically Bacillus cereus (Xp-03, Xp-05, and Xp-06) and Bacillus xiamenensis (Xp-01 and Xp�07). Notably, all these isolates were capable of synthesizing protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase enzymes..
The findings from this research highlight the significant potential of symbiotic bacterial isolates from
Xestospongia sponges in Derawan Island's waters for medical and biotechnological applications.
... Tanin memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan mekanisme menangkap radikal bebas, khelasi logam transisi, penghambatan enzim prooksidatif dan peroksidasi lipid (Macáková et al., 2014). Sebuah studi lain melaporkan bahwa Emblicanin A dan B memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat dengan memberikan perlindungan terhadap radikal bebas (Feeney, 2004 Benzofenon (Daniel, 2006), alkohol lemak & aldehid (Tayoub et al., 2006) Antibakteri (Mansour et al., 2016),antioksidan (Jaradat et al., 2018) Litsea sebifera Pers. / Litsea glutinosa Monoterpen (nerol dan geraniol) (Si et al., 2012) Osteoprotektif (Parikh et al., 2009), analgesik (Tejaswi et al., 2010;Bhowmick, 2014),antiinflamasi (Devi & Meera, 2010;Bhowmick, 2014) Tabel 11. ...
Al-Qanun Fi’l Tibb II merupakan buku materia medica karya Ibnu Sina yang terkenal di dunia. Buku tersebut menjelaskan secara rinci mengenai monografi tanaman berkhasiat terhadap organ tubuh, salah satunya terhadap tulang dan sendi. Akan tetapi dalam buku tersebut belum memuat komponen major metabolit sekunder yang diduga berperan penting dalam memberikan efek farmakologis. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menginventarisasi tumbuhan yang terdapat di dalam buku Al-Qanun Fi’l Tibb II dan melakukan literatur review terkait kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat dalam tanaman tersebut. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan literature review melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil pengambilan data menunjukan terdapat 74 tanaman yang berkhasiat terhadap tulang dan sendi diantaranya memiliki komponen major metabolit sekunder seperti senyawa terpen, flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, alil isotiosianat, saponin, glikosida, alkohol lemak, asam fenolat, benzofenon, kuinon, sekoiridoid, kumarin, stilbene, anthrone, naftalen, benzaldehida dan asam karboksilat. Terpen merupakan metabolit sekunder yang paling banyak ditemukan dalam tanaman yang berkhasiat terhadap tulang dan sendi. Bioaktivitas yang ditemukan pada tanaman diantaranya antigout, antioksidan, osteoprotektif, antiosteoporosis, antibakteri, antiinflamasi dan analgesik.
... This action was contrast with strong broad-spectrum antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, amikacin, and cefepime [19]. A study conducted by Nakano., et al. found that the hydro-alcoholic extract of the aerial parts of S. officinalis has an antitumor activity [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. ...
... Similarly, other studies reported important bioactive compounds, which include egonol, multiple benzofurans, phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins, fatty aldehydes, terpenes, and terpenoids; organic acids (succinic and lactic acid); and several lipid-derived compounds [104]. Due to their composition, various authors reported that organic and aqueous extracts obtained from leaves and fruits have strong antimicrobial against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli [105,106], with a similar inhibitory effects that with potent broad-spectrum antibiotics. ...
Meat is a nutrient-rich matrix for human consumption. However, it is also a suitable environment for the proliferation of both spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. The growing demand to develop healthy and nutritious meat products with low fat, low salt and reduced additives and achieving sanitary qualities has led to the replacement of the use of synthetic preservatives with natural-origin compounds. However, the reformulation process that reduces the content of several important ingredients (salt, curing salts, etc.), which inhibit the growth of multiple microorganisms, greatly compromises the stability and safety of meat products, thus posing a great risk to consumer health. To avoid this potential growth of spoiling and/or pathogenic microorganisms, numerous molecules, including organic acids and their salts; plant-derived compounds, such as extracts or essential oils; bacteriocins; and edible coatings are being investigated for their antimicrobial activity. This review presents some important compounds that have great potential to be used as natural antimicrobials in reformulated meat products.
... In addition, the methanol extract from S. officinalis fruits has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. This activity was compared with potent broad-spectrum antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, amikacin, and cefepime (Mansour et al., 2016). ...
... Styrax officinalis L. (Styracaceae) is a small tree and shrub found in Central America, Mexico and the Mediterranean region including Syria (1,2) . Its was used by many ancient cultures as incense and medicine (3) . ...
Stryax officinalis L (Styracaceae)which spread in different parts of the world, especially in Syria is formed by its active components of triterpene sapogenin and a triterpene saponin one of the main plants used for a long time in folk medicine, recent studies came to conduct pharmacological and chemical study of the plant to determine the morphological structure of fresh and dry plant and a set of tests and chemical assays to determine the extract content of chemical Plant fruits were collected from the coastal region and recognizable by their morphological characteristics of sex, gender. The microscopic study that we have had for the fruits of the plant is the first study of its species, and it was proved exsting some character tissue elements like covering trichomes and other elements. Then it was determined the extract content of active substances by making set of general chemical tests for detection alkaloids, Anthraquinone, saponins, cardioactive glycosides and Flavonoids.
Oregano leaves (Origanum vulgare) are potentially known as antibacterial agent. Colibacillosis is an infectious disease caused by Escherichia coli as the primary agent. Besides that, E.coli reported inducing various other systemic diseases that harm human health and the economy due to the massive transmission of bacteria in humans and livestock. This study investigated the potential use of oregano leaves to overcome the growth of E. coli in the colibacillosis mice model. Mice were infected with the E. coli, then administered with oregano leaf extract with increasing doses of 5mg/kg BW, 10mg/kg BW, and 20mg/kg BW. The spleen was collected and the histopathology and histomorphometry were analyzed. Administration of oregano leaf extract showed the potential to significantly reduce the rate of tissue damage (p<0.05) through the reduction of the size of white pulp, an indicator of the immune system's active resistance in overcoming pathogenic bacterial infections. It can be concluded that oregano extract improved the white pulp enlargement of spleen.
Corneal ulcer is a pathological condition of the cornea characterized by corneal tissue discontinuity on stromal epithelium. The most common cause of corneal ulcers is due to Staphylococcus bacterial infection. Staphylococcus aureus infects the cornea by secreting alpha-toxin and protease, which degrade the corneal extracellular matrix. Neutrophils, as an innate immune system, will be involved in bacterial phagocytosis. If the corneal ulcer is not treated properly, it will become scar with neovascularization, which cause partial or total blindness. Onion (Allium cepa L.) contains quercetin, which has antibacterial properties and is thought to inhibit the angiogenic mediator, namely Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). This study aimed to determine the effect and minimum effective concentration of onion extract administration, which can decrease the neutrophils, scar area, and neovascularization number in corneal ulcer rabbit induced with Staphylococcus aureus. This study is true experimental research with a post-test only control group design. Corneal ulcers in rabbits are made by intra-stromal injection of the Staphylococcus aureus. After the corneal ulcer formed, each group received one of the following treatments: moxifloxacin HCl 0.5%, onion extract 1.5%; 3%; 6%; and 12% for 7 days. The results showed that onion extract (Allium cepa L.) could decrease neutrophil count at a concentration of 6.5% and inhibit the formation of neovascularization at a concentration of 3%.
Genel olarak ‘Tesbih ağacı’ ya da ‘ayı fındığı’ olarak tanınan Styrax officinalis L. bitkisi orman alanları dışında, makilik ya da çorak alanlarda da yetişebilmesi, tohumunda bulunan yüksek yağ içeriği ve çok yönlü kullanım alanlarına sahip olması sebebiyle oldukça önemli bir bitkidir. Her ne kadar son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar artmış olsa da yine de bitki hak ettiği ilgiyi görememiştir. Bu sebeple bitkiyi tanıtmak ve yapılan çalışmaları bir araya getirmek amacıyla bu derleme hazırlanmıştır.
Bioassays of 2 types (antibacterial and antitumor) were performed to show the biological activities of 16 different plants grown in Bolu, Turkey: Clinopodium vulgare L. subsp. vulgare L., Salvia verticillata L. subsp. amasiaca (Frey & Bornm.) Bornm., Salvia tomentosa Mill., Mentha pulegium L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr., Melilotus alba Desr., Medicago lupulina L., Galega officinalis L., Xeranthemum annuum L., Cichorium intybus L., Plantago lanceolata L., Plantago major L. subsp. major, Fumaria officinalis L., Galium palustre L., Echium vulgare L., and Sambucus nigra L. For each plant, 3 different extracts (aqueous, ethanol, and methanol) were obtained, and a total of 48 extracts were evaluated. Antibacterial activity was evaluated with 10 bacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae by disk diffusion method. All plants except M. alba, M. lupulina, X. annuum, G. palustre, and S. nigra showed inhibitory activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The best inhibitory activity was observed with aqueous extract of M. officinalis (22.5 mm); it performed better than all positive controls (erythromycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol; 7-20 mm) against P. aeruginosa. Antitumor activity was evaluated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced potato disk tumor assay. The best antitumor activity was obtained with the methanolic extract of M. alba and aqueous extract of F. officinalis (100% tumor inhibition).
Cyclamen africanum is an endemic species to the North of Africa, in Algeria it has never been subject to any previous biological studies, for this reason we choose to investigate the antioxidant as well as the antibacterial activities of its extracts using the DPPH free radical scavenging and the disc diffusion methods. The results obtained showed that all extracts (polar and non-polar) showed a significant antioxidant activity while we noticed that there is no significant antibacterial activity observed for all extracts tested.
Objective
The present study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of 21 crude extracts from leaf and flower of Aristolochia indica (A. indica), Cassia angustifolia (C. angustifolia), leaf of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus), Diospyros melanoxylon (D. melanoxylon), Dolichos biflorus (D. biflorus), Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre) and Justicia procumbens (J. procumbens).Methods
The ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extract of medicinal plants were evaluated against Gram-positive Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) by using well diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).ResultsThe crude plant extracts demonstrated broad spectrum activity against all bacteria. The highest inhibitory zone was observed in leaf methanol extract of A. indica against E. aerogenes (25 mm), and E. coli (20 mm), flower methanol extract of C. angustifolia against B. cereus (22 mm) and leaf acetone extract of G. sylvestre against B. cereus (22mm). The MIC values of leaf methanol extract of A. indica against K. pneumonia (22.6μg/ml), and flower extract showed against E. coli (MIC: 24.2μg/ml), leaf ethyl acetate extract of C. angustifolia against K. pneumoniae (MIC: 28.4μg/ml). Acetone ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of D. melanoxylon and D. biflorus showed the lowest MIC activity value of >30 μg/ml against all tested pathogens.Conclusion
The antibacterial activity could be confirmed in most species used in traditional medicine in South India. Nevertheless, traditional knowledge might provide some leads to elucidate potential candidates for future development of new antibiotic agents.
The antibacterial activities of hot water, methanol and ethanol extracts of 5 plant extracts utilized in Palestine in popular medicine were studied. The dried extracts of Syzyium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) (seed), Cinnamomum cassia(Lauraceae) (cassia bark, Chinese cinnamon) (bark), Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceaea) (leaf), Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceaea) (leaf) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Labiatae) (leaf) were tested in vitro against 4 bacterial species by disk diffusion and micro-dilution. The patterns of inhibition varied with the plant extract, the solvent used for extraction, and the organism tested. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 were the most inhibited microorganisms. S. aromaticumextract was the most active against multi- drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosaand enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 EHEC. The combinations of ethanolic extracts of S. officinalis with R. officinalis and of R. officinalis with T. vulgaris on bacterial species tested exhibited a higher effect than that of any individual extract. Results of this kind herald the interesting promise of designing a potentially active antibacterial synergized agent of plant origin.
Banana, papaya and pineapple are the most consumed tropical fruits in the world, being Brazil one of the main producers. Fungi Colletotrichum musae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium subglutinans f.sp. ananas cause severe post harvest diseases and losses in fruits quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of five monoterpenes to inhibit the mycelial growth and conidia germination of these three phytopathogens. The monoterpenes citral, citronellal, L-carvone, isopullegol and α-pinene were diluted in ethanol to final concentrations from 0.2 to 1%. All monoterpenes were found to inhibit the growth of the three studies fungi in a dose-dependent manner. Citral was the most effective of the oils tested and showed potent fungicidal activity at concentrations above 0.5%. Also, in vivo evaluation with these tropical fruits demonstrated the efficiency of citral to inhibit fungal growth. These results indicate the potential use of citral as a natural pesticide control of post-harvest fruit diseases.
To evaluate the antimicrobial activities of extract of leaves were examined against four common bacterial isolates. The ethanolic extracts of various leaves such as Moringa oleifera (Murungai) , Musa paradisiaca (Banana), Azardiratica indica (Neem), Cynodon dactylon(Grass), Alternanthera sessilis (Ponnangkani), Anisochilus carnosus (Karpooravalli), investigated individually for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method .These were investigated against selected species of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae to find the inhibitory activities of the microbes. The ethanolic extract of Azardiratica indica showed considerably high activity against Escherichia coli than other extracts. These results were compared with standard antibiotic Penicillin. But the extract showed higher activity than the given standard antibiotic.
This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of three extracts of the leaves of the Arum maculatum L. plant belonging to the Aroidae family collected from Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Many efforts have been made to discover new antimicrobial compounds from a variety of sources such as micro-organisms, animals and plants. One such source is folk medicine. Systematic screening of them may result in the discovery of novel effective compounds. These extracts were first prepared with petroleum ether, methanol and ethyl acetate solvents by Soxhlet extraction. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was then assessed using the agar-well diffusion method against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, and yeast and moulds. All extracts of Arum maculatum L. showed good activity against some type of bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas phaseolicola, Yersinia enterocolitica and Enterobacter aerogenes) and a mold (Aspergillus niger). The activity was compared with known antibiotics such as vancomycine, tetracycline and amphotericin B.
This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four extracts of Arum maculatum L leaves plant belonging to the Aroidae (Araceae) family collected from the coastal surrounding, Lattakia, Syria. Many efforts have been made to discover new antimicrobial compounds from a variety of sources such as micro-organisms, animals and plants. One such source is folk medicine. Systematic screening of them may result in the discovery of novel effective compounds. These extracts were prepared with increasing polarity solvents: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents by steeping extraction method. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was then assessed using the disk diffusion method against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The methanolic extracts of Arum maculatum L leaves has shown greater antimicrobial activities than the other extracts against tested bacteria, followed by ethyl acetate extracts. The activity was compared with potent broad spectrum antibiotics such as Imepinem.
The phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extracts of leaf and stem bark of Ficus sycomorus and Ficus platyphylla was carried out using standard biochemical methods. The antimicrobial activities (i.e. zonesof inhibition) of the ethanolic extracts of leaf and stem bark of Ficus sycomorus and Ficus platyphylla against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated under varying temperature, pH and storage duration of nine months. The zones of inhibition of the test plants extracts were evaluated using agar diffusion methods. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, anthraquinone, glycoside, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and reducing sugars. The effects of temperature and pH on the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of the plants remained relatively unaffected at P>0.05. There were no significant (P>0.05) changes in the antimicrobial activities of the extracts against the test organisms throughout the nine months period of investigation. The implications of these findings in the use of these plants are discussed.© 2009 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved
The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethnopharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists are combing the Earth for phytochemicals and "leads" which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. While 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants, none are used as antimicrobials. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions; Western medicine is trying to duplicate their successes. Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties. This review attempts to summarize the current status of botanical screening efforts, as well as in vivo studies of their effectiveness and toxicity. The structure and antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals are also addressed. Since many of these compounds are currently available as unregulated botanical preparations and their use by the public is increasing rapidly, clinicians need to consider the consequences of patients self-medicating with these preparations.
The antibacterial and antifungal action of saponins Sx1, taurozide H2, taurozide I and their effect on bioluminescent system of photobacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum (Cohn) Ford were investigated. Saponins H2 and I had no antimicrobial effect. Saponin Sx1 possessed antifungal activity in vitro with respect to Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis. Saponin Sx1 is less toxic to P. phosphoreum than well-known antiseptics--chlorhexedin and miramistin.
The antimicrobial activity of saponins from Medicago sativa, M. arborea and M. arabica against a selection of medically important yeasts, Gram-positive and -negative bacteria was investigated. Structure-activity growth inhibitory effects of related prosapogenins and sapogenins are also described. Increasing antibiotic activity was observed going from the saponin extracts to the sapogenin samples, suggesting that the sugar moiety is not important for the antimicrobial efficacy. Activity was especially high against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) with M. arabica being the species showing a broader spectrum of action. Discrete antifungal activity was also observed, mainly against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The observed antimicrobial properties of M. sativa and M. arborea were related to the content of medicagenic acid, while hederagenin seems to contribute to the bioactivity of M. arabica total sapogenins.
This study aims to determine antibacterial activities of Cocos nucifera (husk fiber), Ziziphus joazeiro (inner bark), Caesalpinia pyramidalis (leaves), aqueous extracts and Aristolochia cymbifera (rhizomes) alcoholic extract against Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. The antioxidant activity and acute toxicity of these extracts were also evaluated.
The plant extracts antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the broth micro-dilution assay. The bacterial killing kinetic was also evaluated for all extracts. In addition, the antibacterial effect of the extracts was tested in vitro on artificial oral biofilms. The acute toxicity of each extract was determined in according to Lorke [Lorke D. A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Arch Toxicol 1983;54:275-87] and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH photometric assay [Mensor LL, Menezes FS, Leitão GG, Reis AS, Santos TC, Coube CS, et al. Screening of Brazilian plants extract for antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method. Phytother Res 2001;15:127-30].
MIC and the bactericidal concentrations were identical, for each evaluated extract. However, microbes of artificial biofilms were less sensitive to the extracts than the planktonic strains. A. cymbifera extract induced the highest bactericidal effect against all tested bacteria, followed by C. nucifera, Z. joazeiro and C. pyramidalis extracts, respectively. All extracts showed good antioxidant potential, being C. nucifera and C. pyramidalis aqueous extracts the most active ones.
In conclusion, all oral bacteria tested (planktonic or in artificial biofilms) were more susceptible to, and rapidly killed in presence of A. cymbifera, C. pyramidalis and C. nucifera than Z. joazeiro extracts, respectively. Thus, these extracts may be of great interest for future studies about treatment of oral diseases, considering their potent antioxidant activity and low toxicity.
Synthesis of egonol derivatives, 5-(3''-chloropropyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran 1, 5-(3''-bromopropyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran 2, 3-[2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propanal 3, 5-(3''-iodopropyl)-7-methoxy-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran 4, 5-[3-(3''-bromopropyloxy) propyl]-7-methoxy-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran 5, 3-[2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propylmethanoate 6, 3-[2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propyloleate 7, 5-[3''-hydroxypropyl]-6-bromo-7-methoxy-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran 8, 4-[2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-5-yl]butanenitrile 9, 3-[2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propylbenzoate 10, 5-[3''-hydroxypropyl]-7-methoxy-3-nitro-2-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran 11 and their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli are reported. The starting material egonol 5-[3''-(hydroxy)propyl]-7-methoxy-2-(3', 4'methylenedioxyphenyl)benzofuran was isolated from seeds of Styrax officinalis L. The structural elucidication of these compounds (1-11) was established using 1D ((1)H, (13)C), 2D NMR (HMBC, HMQC, COSY) and LCMS spectroscopic data. While egonol and some synthesised new compounds show similar antibacterial activity and MIC values against S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. albicans and E. coli, other new derivatives show different activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. albicans and E. coli.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from plants bryophyllumpinnatum and kalanchoecrenata
- O Akinsulire
- Aibinul
- T Adenipekun
- Adelowotan T Odugbeni
Akinsulire O, AibinuL, Adenipekun T, Adelowotan T and
Odugbeni T. In vitro antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from
plants bryophyllumpinnatum and kalanchoecrenata. Afr. j.
Traditional. 4; 2007: 338-344.
The antibacterial activities against mastitis pathogens of Cyclamenmirabile Hildebr. tubers and its non-enzymatic antioxidant activities
- G Okmen
- P Erdal
- D Isik
- D Bayrak
Okmen G, Erdal P, Isik D and Bayrak D. The antibacterial
activities against mastitis pathogens of Cyclamenmirabile Hildebr.
tubers and its non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. European
Journal of Experimental Biology. 4; 2014: 370-374.