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Análisis de las funciones ambientales de los suelos con datos de perfiles (Soil & Environment)
Abstract and Figures
Soil & Environment es un software, una herramienta de utilidad para geógrafos, edafólogos, biólogos, agricultores, forestales, urbanistas, empresarios agrícolas, arquitectos, expertos y no expertos en los suelos. Soil & Environment fue diseñado para:
1. Evaluar las funciones ambientales de los suelos con un conjunto mínimo de datos
• -Permite decidir la selección de los mejores sitios para la construcción de vivienda.
• -Identifica los suelos con mayor aptitud para producción de alimentos.
• -Ayuda a reconocer los sitios ideales para la recarga de los acuíferos.
• -Identifica los suelos que más almacenan carbono orgánico contribuyendo así a mitigar el cambio climático.
• -Valora los suelos de importancia geológica y arqueológica.
2. S&E sirve para evaluar las funciones ambientales de los suelos que se ganan por recuperación de suelo o lo que se pierde por su degradación.
La información generada con S&E es de fácil comprensión y utilidad en la agricultura, ganadería, salud humana, previsión de riesgos de desastres y en la planeación urbana.
Para más información visita la página www.actswithscience.com
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... In recent years, Soil & Environment software was generated to express soil properties in surface units of either square meters or hectares [20][21][22]. The study of the soil profile for improving agriculture is beyond the so-called arable layer. ...
... We used Soil & Environment software to convert units of soil properties into surface units considering the complete profile; this procedure is called soil-ecological evaluation [20][21][22]. For example, field capacity in L/m 2 ; organic matter in kg/m 2 ; cation exchange capacity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium in mol m 2 . ...
... Database and spatial analyses. The exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K) are converted from cmol kg −1 to mol m −2 in the same way as the CEC [20][21][22]. ...
The soil profile and its spatial distribution are two essential aspects for promoting sustainable agriculture, with precise inputs in quantity, space, and time. This work's objective was to elaborate a digital map of soil fertility considering the complete profile for the accurate management of amendments and fertilizers. For the preparation of the soil fertility map, the following inputs were used: a digital elevation model, information from 44 soil profiles, the conversion of the properties of the soil profiles into surface units, geostatistical analysis of the soil properties, and the preparation of the final map with a geographic information system. The best spatial models were achieved with CEC, pH, Ca, Mg, Na, and K. The map of the soil fertility classes was produced considering CEC and the pH value. The soil fertility classes presented the following sequence of occupied surfaces: very low, medium, very high, high, and low. A process was generated to elaborate digital maps (geostatistics) of soil fertility using taxonomic information from soil profiles and considering the complete profile. The process converts soil classification into geographic and soil fertility information from basic science to application.
... The SOC value of the ScRMA was determined based on the procedure described by Bautista et al. (2016), using the Soil & Environment® (S&E) program (Skiu: https://www.actswithscience.com), which allows the calculation of C stocks, as well as related environmental functions (such as soil quality and fertility). ...
... El valor del COS de la ScRMA se determinó con base en el procedimiento descrito por Bautista et al. (2016), con fundamento en el programa Soil & Environment® Soil properties used in the S&E program to calculate CO were volume of thick fragments (%), horizon thickness (dm), bulk density (g•cm -3 ) and SOC content (%). Equation 1 was used to estimate SOC (Gallegos-Tavera et al., 2014). ...
ntroduction: Carbon is found mainly in geological reservoirs, oceans, atmosphere and land. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is determined by the quantity and vertical distribution of vegetation, intrinsic soil properties and climate, but variability is influenced by anthropogenic interference. SOC stocks are not static; modeling their spatial, vertical and horizontal distribution involves the creation of baseline estimates to quantify these stocks. Objective: To estimate the magnitude of SOC stocks in the Medio Aguanaval River sub-basin (ScRMA) and to analyze the sensitivity of four interpolation methods to minimize the error of digital mapping for the ScRMA. Methodology: The study consisted of five stages: 1) search, download and analysis of soil data, 2) data processing, 3) selection of verification sites, 4) laboratory analysis and 5) processing of data from verification sites. Results: SOC values ranged from 9 to 133 t·ha-1, with a mean of 36.31 t·ha-1 and standard deviation of 23.83 t·ha-1. The ordinary exponential Kriging interpolator was the best representation for SOC of the ScRMA based onstatistics. The results of the analysis of the verification sites yielded a mean SOC of 24.4 t·ha-1. Limitations of the study: Soil profile density for the region and the lack of information on bulk density. Originality: The baseline distribution of SOC at the sub-basin level was used to analyze its dynamics. Conclusions: The highest concentration of SOC (61 to 129 t·ha-1) was found in the municipalities of Cuencamé and Santa Clara, while the lowest records (10 to 30 t·ha-1) were located in the municipalities of Torreón and Viesca.
Mexico is the world’s only producer and exporter of candelilla wax, but the international market established restrictions on the natural resource in order to reduce pressure on it due to overexploitation, so it is currently included in the list of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The objective of the study was to identify the soil properties that favor the distribution of the candelilla, through the maximum entropy method, in an effort to promote its management and sustainable use. The study area was two locations in the municipalities of Cuatro Ciénegas and Viesca, Coahuila; 102 and 72 sampling sites were obtained in which the coordinates, biometric data of the specimens, and the habitat, relief and soil-type conditions were recorded. Nine edaphic properties were selected, for which Soilgrid database files were downloaded; the modeling was carried out in the Maxent program. As a result, the area under the curve in each location, with values of 0.927 and 0.973, is considered a suitable model to determine the current distribution of the species. In the soil, the physical factors that were determinant to favor the presence of candelilla were bulk density, depth and stoniness, while the chemical factors were cation exchange capacity and organic carbon content.
Resumen La pérdida de suelo por erosión en la zona de amortiguamiento de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Gorda es un problema y creciente, a pesar de ser una zona para la protección del ambiente y de la biodiversidad de la región. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la evaluación de las funciones ambientales de un perfil de suelo de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Gorda en el estado de Guanajuato. Se tomaron muestras de un perfil de un suelo conservado y fueron analizadas en el laboratorio. La evaluación de la capacidad de retención de agua disponible y el contenido de carbono orgánico se evaluaron con el software Soil & Environment, considerando dos escenarios de erosión: a) una pérdida del horizonte A de 0 a 14 (cm) y b) una pérdida de los horizontes A y AB (de 0 a 39 cm). El análisis del Chromic Endoskeletic Luvisol (Cutanic, Humic, Epiloamic) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Gorda revela que: a) el suelo contiene un total del 7568.7 t ha-1 , con un volumen de 8000 m 3 ; b) una erosión severa, con la pérdida del horizonte A, disminuye en un 27.56% la retención de humedad y una erosión en niveles superiores la disminución alcanza un 58.29%; c) la retención de carbono orgánico en el Luvisol se pierde por erosión del 20.1% al 58.22%. Introducción La degradación del suelo puede ser descrita también como el deterioro de su calidad o la pérdida parcial o total de una o más funciones del suelo (van Lynden et al., 2004). Por otro lado, la degradación del suelo no suele preocupar tanto como la degradación del agua o la del aire debido a que no se conocen o no son obvias las repercusiones en la vida humana. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha venido gestando un movimiento internacional para la protección de los suelos, debido a que la degradación ha ido avanzando de manera alarmante. Una de las formas de degradación del suelo es la erosión, tema sobre el cual se ha estudiado y escrito mucho, tanto a nivel internacional como a nivel nacional. Se sabe que la erosión es uno de los principales problemas del país como consecuencia del deficiente manejo del suelo. Los problemas que se generan por la erosión del suelo suelen no ser contundentes, debido a que la pérdida de un número cualquiera de toneladas por hectárea parece no ser relevante.
E l análisis interpretativo de las funciones del suelo es fundamental para su buen uso y manejo. La evaluación de las funciones ha transitado de la parte teórica a la práctica con los esquemas de los modelos de evaluación TUSEC (Técnicas para la evaluación de los suelos y categorización para suelos naturales y antropogénicos). Por otro lado, los modelos interpretativos de suelos orientados a la agricultura y con objetivos ambientales, como los del sistema informático MicroLEIS DSS (Sistema de apoyo a la decisión sobre evaluación de tierras para la protección de suelos agrícolas), han sido los más utilizados en el mundo. Sin embargo, pocos modelos sobre las funciones del suelo han sido incluidos en un software, por lo que la operación manual de éstos puede conducir a errores e imprecisiones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la elaboración de un software que incluyera las ventajas del sistema MicroLEIS y del modelo TUSEC, considerando un uso más amigable para el usuario. El software Assessment Soil Functions (Assofu) almacena las propiedades de perfiles de suelo como datos de entrada y, con base en esta información, sistematiza la aplicación de evaluaciones de funciones de los suelos.
Common understanding of the causes of land-use and land-cover change is dominated by simplifications which, in turn, underlie many environment-development policies. This article tracks some of the major myths on driving forces of land-cover change and proposes alternative pathways of change that are better supported by case study evidence. Cases reviewed support the conclusion that neither population nor poverty alone constitute the sole and major underlying causes of land-cover change worldwide. Rather, peoples' responses to economic opportunities, as mediated by institutional factors, drive land-cover changes. Opportunities and
Purpose
Since application of ecological soil evaluation is not widely introduced in planning processes, a need for harmonisation of soil evaluation methods and spatial planning is evident. Conflicts are caused by the discrepancy between a holistic and site-specific approach of soil evaluation and the demand of spatial planners for easy-to-handle planner-oriented evaluation methods. Planners require less differentiation of pedological aspects but a detailed consideration of land use aspects. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the evolution of the concept of soil function and the development of the understanding of the soil functionality with time, respectively. This is reflected before the background of its applicability for spatial planning. Restrictions and deficits are highlighted, and strategies for further research work are sketched. The relation of soil functions and soil evaluation is examined exemplarily with algorithms of the TUSEC method applied for typical but fictive planning situations.
Main features
An introduction comprising the early history of soil evaluation and the widening of the view on soil functionality with time is given. Since 1978, the restriction on the function of soil to biomass productivity was overcome, and today, a set of ecological functions ensuring a sustainable land use is introduced. This process is reflected here by drawing a time order of definitions of soil functions, whereas the function of soil as carbon stock and genetic pool are the most recently accepted ones. In addition, functions of special meaning for the environmental quality in urban areas are highlighted. The multi-functionality of soil is reflected as a basic principle of the modern understanding of soils. It is explained here that the complexity of the concept of multi-functionality of soils does not fit directly to the administrative sight on the belongings of soil protection. Therefore, the chapters in this paper dealing with principle aspects of soil functions are followed by passages focusing on the application of soil functions, its practice, problems and perspectives.
Results and discussion
Strategies for future adaptations of soil evaluation to the requirements of spatial planning are discussed. Thus, strategies to summarise soil functions are sketched, and a reasonable land use specified soil evaluation is proposed.
Conclusions
Spatial planning needs a method for soil evaluation allowing a multi-level approach and some simplifications to meet the goals of rational land-use planning. Further work on this topic is strongly necessary to make efforts in soil protection and to support sustainable land use or, if anything, to bring sustainability into effect.
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Elimine la base de datos que ya no le es útil seleccionando el nombre de la lista desplegable y oprimiendo el botón 'Eliminar' Figura 43. Interfaz para la administración de la base de datos
- B D Eliminar
Eliminar BD: Elimine la base de datos que ya no le es útil seleccionando
el nombre de la lista desplegable y oprimiendo el botón 'Eliminar'
Figura 43. Interfaz para la administración de la base de datos