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Review on Natural Lip Balm

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Abstract

Cosmetics are incredibly in demand since historical time. These days focus shifted more towards naturally derived cosmetic products. Among all cosmetic products, lip balm formulations are most widely used to enhance the beauty of lips and add glamour touch to the makeup. Lip balms offer a natural way to maintain and promote healthy lips. Current cosmetic lip products are based on use of enormous chemical ingredients with various side effects. Hence in this work, an attempt has made to study natural ingredients used to formulate natural lip balm. This article reviews on the essential ingredients used for natural lip balm along with their merits and limitations. The natural lip balm can made using naturally occurring base, oils, extract, color and flavoring agents which can be evaluated for their resistance to temperature variations, pleasant flavor, and smoothness during application, adherence and easy intentional removal, etc.
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International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science 2015; 5(1): 1-7
ISSN 22777172
Review Article
Review on Natural Lip Balm
Mayuri Kadu1, Dr Suruchi Vishwasrao1,*, and Dr Sonia Singh1
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Alard College of Pharmacy, Sr. No. 50, Marunje Road, Hinjewadi, Pune,
Maharashtra, India, 411057
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Dr Suruchi Vishwasrao. E-Mail: kokilsn@gmail.com;
Tel.: +91-020-66523763
Received 08 April 2014; accepted 03 August 2014
Abstract
Cosmetics are incredibly in demand since historical time. These days focus shifted more towards naturally derived cosmetic
products. Among all cosmetic products, lip balm formulations are most widely used to enhance the beauty of lips and add
glamour touch to the makeup. Lip balms offer a natural way to maintain and promote healthy lips. Current cosmetic lip
products are based on use of enormous chemical ingredients with various side effects. Hence in this work, an attempt has made
to study natural ingredients used to formulate natural lip balm. This article reviews on the essential ingredients used for natural
lip balm along with their merits and limitations. The natural lip balm can made using naturally occurring base, oils, extract,
color and flavoring agents which can be evaluated for their resistance to temperature variations, pleasant flavor, and
smoothness during application, adherence and easy intentional removal, etc.
© 2014 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Key words: natural lip balm; herbal cosmetics; natural ingredients
1. Introduction
Cosmetic plays a significant role in today’s life style.
Moreover current trend is going green in almost all industries
including cosmetics to adopt more natural way of life. The
preferable choices are natural food, herbal medicines and
natural curing practices for healthy life and also there is much
demand for the organic vegetable products. The usage of
herbal cosmetics has been increased to many folds in
personal care system [1]. Natural products have been used for
folk medicine purposes throughout the world for thousands of
years. Many of them have pharmacological properties such as
antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytostatic effects. They
have been recognized as useful for human medicine [2].
Herbal extracts are cultivated all over the world and is prime
name in horticulture sector. Cosmetics made up of herbal
extracts for skin care and hair-care are very popular for their
reliability [3-5].
Herbal cosmetic products include various formulations. The
word herbal indicates safety as compared to synthetic
products which are having various adverse effects on human
health [3-7]. Coloring lips is the ancient practice to enhance
the beauty of lips and to give glamour touch to the face make
up. For this the choice for shades of color, textures, lusters
have been changed and became wider. This can be observed
from the lip jelly, lip balm, lipstick marketed in hundred of
sheds of colors to satisfy the demand [8]. This work was
intended for extensive study of natural lip balm. This was
based on the comprehensive literature search of natural lip
balm, significance of natural excipients along formulation
and evaluation of lip balm. These products are evaluated for
organoleptic properties like color, odor, spread ability, pH,
melting point, skin irritation and product consistency [8-10].
The color of a product also provides an indication of product
quality and freshness. Natural colors are however, less toxic
compared to synthetic colors [11].
2. Difference between lip and regular skin structure
The lips are more attractive than the regular skin. Generally
the top corneum layer of regular skin has 15 to 16 layers
mainly for protection purpose. The top corneum layer of the
lip contains about only 3 to 4 layers and very thin compared
to typical face skin. The lip skin contains very few melanin
cells. Because of this, the blood vessels more clearly appear
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International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science
Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
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International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science 2015; 5(1): 1-7
through the skin of the lips that gives a lovely pinkish color
of the lips. The lip skin has no hair follicle and no sweat
glands. Therefore it does not have the sweat and body oil in
protecting the lip from outside environment [9,10,12].
3. Anatomy of lips
The lips serve as organs of prehension, suction and speech. It
is composed of the skin, superficial fascia, orbicularis muscle
and the muscles inserted around it (areolar tissue & mucous
membrane). The margins of the lips are covered with dry, red
mucous membrane, continuous with the skin and containing
numerous vascular papillae and touch corpuscles. The
mucous membrane internally is reflected from the upper and
lower lip upon the gums, and in the median line forms two
folds of superioris and inferioris [10,12].
The areolar tissue or submucous layer contains the coronary
vessels which completely encircle the buccal orifice near the
free margin of the lips. The coronary vessels are the superior
and inferior coronary arteries which arise from the facial. The
superior coronary is larger than the inferior, and anastomoses
with its fellow of the opposite side and gives off a small
artery to the septum arteriaseptinasi. Compression of this
artery will sometimes control nasal hemorrhage [12]. The
superior labial or coronary vein begins as a plexus in the
orbicular is muscle of the upper lip, passes with the coronary
artery and drains into the facial vein a little below the alae of
the nose of the veins which drain the lower lip the inferior
coronary empties into the facial a little below the superior
labial; but the chief branch from the lower lip descends as a
rule to the submental vein, thence to the facial or often to the
anterior jugular [9,10,12].
The nerves supplying the lower lip are derived from the
mental which emerges from the bone through the mental
foramen and sends large twigs to the mucous membrane, the
integument and the fascia of the lip and chin. Some of the
lymphatic vessels of the lips pass to a gland just above the
body of the hyoid bone, while others pass to the sub
maxillary glands. The labial glands are in the submucous
layer of the lips around the orifice of the mouth. They secrete
a mucous fluid. Mucous retention cysts develop when the
ducts of these glands become occluded [12].
4. Lip Disorders
4.1 Swelling: An allergic reaction can make the lips swell.
The reaction may be caused by sensitivity to certain foods or
beverages, drugs, lipstick, or airborne irritants. When a cause
can be identified and then eliminated, the lips usually return
to normal. But frequently, the cause of the swelling remains a
mystery. A condition called hereditary angioedema may
cause recurring bouts of swelling. Nonhereditary conditions
such as erythema multiforme, sunburn, cold and dry weather,
or trauma may also cause the lips to swell [13].
4.2 Sun Damage: Sun damage may make the lips, especially
the lower lip, hard and dry. Red speckles or a white filmy
look signal damage that increases the chance of subsequent
cancer. This type of damage can be reduced by covering the
lips with a lip balm containing sunscreen or by shielding the
face from the sun's harmful rays with a wide-brimmed hat
[13].
4.3 Inflammation: With inflammation of the lips (cheilitis),
the corners of the mouth may become painful, irritated, red,
cracked, and scaly. Cheilitis may result from a deficiency of
vitamin B2 in the diet.
4.4 Discoloration: Freckles and irregularly shaped brownish
areas (melanotic macules) are common around the lips and
may last for many years. These marks are not cause for
concern. Multiple, small, scattered brownish black spots may
be a sign of a hereditary disease called Peutz-Jeghers
syndrome, in which polyps form in the stomach and
intestines. Kawasaki disease, a disease of unknown cause that
usually occurs in infants and children 8 years old or younger,
can cause dryness and cracking of the lips and reddening of
the lining of the mouth.
4.5 Sores: A raised area or a sore with hard edges on the lip
may be a form of skin cancer. Other sores may develop as
symptoms of other medical conditions, such as oral herpes
simplex virus infection or syphilis. Still others, such as
keratoacanthoma, have no known cause [13].
5 Application of Lip Balm
Lip balms are formulations applied onto the lips to prevent
drying and protect against adverse environmental factors.
Numerous lip balms of chemical origin are currently
available in the market from companies like The body shop,
Nivea, Himalaya, Blistex, etc. The cosmetic literature reports
limited data on this type of formulation, although references
related to lipstick apply because it is a cosmetic form similar
to lip balm. This similarity extends to include organoleptic
and stability requirements such as resistance to temperature
variations, pleasant taste, innocuousness, smoothness during
application, adherence and easy intentional removal [14]. Lip
balm should not be considered equivalent to the lip gloss,
with the former being a product intended for use by both men
and women [14 &15].
To formulate lip balms, it is necessary to balance the
concentration of the main ingredients including butters, oils
and waxes and other excipients [15]. Many people seek
weekly facials, daily skin scrubs, anti-aging lotions, and
many other products to ensure they have healthy and glowing
skin. But with all the attention being given to healthy skin, lip
care is largely forgotten. Natural lip balms offer a natural way
to maintain and promote healthy lips [15]. Lip balms are
often eaten away by the user and hence it is imperative that
health regulators have a microscopic look at the ingredients
that go in to the lip balm. The dyes that contribute to the color
of the lip balm are dangerous to humans on consumption
[16].
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Lip Balm
6.1. Advantages of natural lip balm
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International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science 2015; 5(1): 1-7
a. Lip balms help to protect the natural health and beauty of
the lips.
b. Sun block lip balms are proved to prevent ultraviolet rays
from hurting the lips.
c. They are not gender specific products and both men and
women can use them.
d. Lip balm products help to protect lips affected by cold
sores, chapping and dryness.
e. Contact of the product with the skin will not cause a
sensation of friction or dryness, and should allow the forming
of a homogeneous layer over the lips in order to protect the
labial mucous susceptible to environmental factors such as
UV radiation, dryness and pollution.
f. It refreshed, renewed and also addresses lip-related
symptoms resulting from colds, flu and allergies.
g. The use of natural lip cosmetic to treat the appearance of
the face and condition of the skin [15,17-21].
6.2. Disadvantages of natural lip balm
a) Lip balms made of low quality ingredients can harm
the lips seriously. Such lip balms may dry out the lips
instead moisturizing it.
b) Lip balm addiction is another disadvantage usually seen
with the use of them.
c) Compared to commercially-prepared lip balms,
homemade lip balms tend to stay on the lips for a shorter
duration of time. Thus need to reapply often.
d) Some companies manufacture lip balms considering only
the beauty aspect, ignoring the health benefits and soft
character of the skin. Such products will gradually
damage the natural color, softness and glow of the lips.
e) The naturally derived colors and flavours are more
difficult to obtain and also have issues related to stability
in the products
f) Natural oils have other disadvantages such as greasier,
comedogenic, and less spreadability [15,17-21].
7. Common Ingredients used in Natural Lip Balm
Formulation
The list of materials used as key formulation ingredients for
natural lip balm given in the Table no.1 as described below
Table No.1 List of Natural Ingredients
Base [15,17-19]
Oils
[3,15,17-19]
Coloring Agent [15,17-21]
Flavouring Agent [16-19,23]
Cocca butter
Coconut oil
Beet root
Strawberry
Bees Wax
Olive oil
Pomegranate
Honey
Shea Wax
Almond Oil
Marigold
Orange
Shea butter
Vitamin E oil
Tomato
Saffron/Kesar
White bees wax
Peanut Oil
Jabul
Raspberry
Yellow bees wax
Tea tree oil
Watermelon
Vanilla
Carnauba wax
Glycerin
Honey
Mango
Candelilla wax
Castor oil
Saffron
Rose oil
Mango butter
Jojoba oil
Turmeric
Sandalwood
Avocado butter
Corn oil
Capsicum
Jasmine
Olive wax
Arachis oil
Cherry
Cherry
Jojoba wax
Lemon oil
Orange
Apple
Olive butter
Avocado oil
Strawberry
Lemon
Sweet Almond butter
Sesame oil
Mango
Apricot
Sweet almond wax
Sunflower oil
Carrot
Rosemary
Raspberry butter
Grape seed oil
Lemon
Pineapple
7.1 Base
Waxes form an important group of ingredients for the
manufacture of personal care products and decorative
cosmetics. Waxes are used in different industries and
products. They are predominately used in candles, but also
find important applications in food, cosmetics and
pharmaceutical industries as thickeners/emulsifiers.
Chemically, waxes are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons
and fatty acids combined with esters. Waxes are harder, less
greasy and more brittle than fats. They are very resistant to
moisture, oxidization and bacteria. There are four categories
of waxes as: (a) Animal Waxes: Beeswax, lanolin,
spermaceti; (b) Plant Waxes: Carnauba, candelilla, jojoba; (c)
Mineral Waxes: Ozokerite, paraffin, microcrystalline,
ceresin; (d) Synthetic Waxes: Polyethylene, carbowax,
acrawax, stearon. The most widely used waxes for cosmetic
products are beeswax, carnauba and candelilla wax[17].
Waxes are esters of a fatty acid and a fatty alcohol. Jojoba oil
is therefore a wax, not oil. Physically, waxes are
characterized by a high melting point (50-100oC). The most
used wax is beeswax which is a good emollient and
thickener. Two other natural waxes often used in cosmetics
are carnauba and candelilla wax. Both are harder and have a
higher melting point making them more stable and suitable
for dry products e.g. lip balm [17].
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International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science 2015; 5(1): 1-7
Cocoa butter is a natural fat that comes from cocoa bean and
it gives a creamy softness to the lip balm. It will nourish and
moisturize lips and help heal chapped and dry lips because it
contains antioxidants [17&18]. Another important and useful
component of lip balm is white beeswax with melting point
62º-64ºC. It usefully binds oils and high melting point waxes.
It is used in 3 to 10% of the total formula. It shrinks on
cooling and thus helps preparation of molded products. At
higher concentration it produces a dull way appearance and
causes the balm to crumble during use.
Candelilla wax has a melting point 65º-69ºC and can be is
used in 5-10% of formulation. A mixture of candelilla wax
and beeswax is very good for making lip balm. If candelilla
wax is used to a little in a excess than beeswax the product
gets a smooth and glossy appearance. On the other side
carnauba wax increases the melting point of the base and
hardens the lip balm therefore used in very small amounts. It
brings an attractive luster to the products [19].
7.2 Oils
Oils and fats are differing in their physical forms; generally
the latter are solid at room temperature. Both fats and oils are
chemically glycerol esters composed of glycerol and fatty
acids and are also called as triglycerides.
Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated, thereby
determining the stability and property of the oil. Oils with a
high degree of saturated fatty acids (lauric, myristic, palmitic
and stearic acids) include coconut oil, cottonseed oil, and
palm oil. Oils with a high degree of unsaturated fatty acids
(oleic, arachidonic, linoleic acid) are canola oil, olive oil,
corn oil, almond oil, safflower oil, castor oil and avocado oil.
Saturated oils are more stable and do not become rancid as
quickly as unsaturated oils. However, unsaturated oils are
smoother, more precious, less greasy, and better absorbed by
the skin. Natural butters like shea butter, avocado butter or
cocoa butter are not true butters but natural fats. In general,
natural butters are excellent emollients and thickeners and
dependent on the type may have various additional properties
(e.g. antioxidant & and soothing properties in shea and
avocado butter due to phenolic compounds) [17 &18].
The oil mixture is required to blend properly with the waxes
to provide a suitable film on the applied lip skin. An ideal
mixture is one which enables the product to spread easily and
produces a thin film with good covering power [18].
Sunflower or olive oil, both oils will give a great gloss to lips
[17]. Castor oil is used in many lip balm because of its good
qualities, though now days some other oils or solvents are
being used. A refined grade castor oil is of good color and is
odorless and tasteless. Castor oil is a very good plasticizing
agent. An antioxidant is to be added to the castor oil against
rancidification though it is not as prone to rancidification as
other vegetable oils like olive oil or almond oil [19].
Jojoba oil is known for its skin-softening properties which
can prevent lips from dehydrating. While wolfberry seed oil
is renowned for its moisturizing and skin conditioning
properties. Rosehip oil is excellent for maintaining then
natural moisture balance in skin. Vitamin E is a well-known
antioxidant that plays an essential role in the lip balm base.
Peppermint essential oil energizes and revitalizes skin.
Cinnamon essential oil is an excellent antioxidant. Lavender
essential oil is soothing and nourishing to skin. And
grapefruit essential oil is light and refreshing for dry lips [13-
15]. Almond oil is pale yellow oil with slight characteristic
odour. It consists of glycerides chiefly of oleic acid with
smaller amounts of other acids namely, linoleic, myristic and
palmitic. It has emollient properties [18].
7.3 Coloring Agent
Colorants or coloring agents are mainly used to impart a
distinctive appearance to the Cosmetic products [17, 24-26].
Color has been used in cosmetics since early times. Basically,
a desire to buy a cosmetic product is controlled by three
senses namely sight, touch and smell. As such as, color is an
important ingredient of cosmetic formulations [18]. The color
is imparted to the lips in two ways; (a) By staining the skin
with a solution of dyestuff which can penetrate the outer layer
of the lip skin, (b) By covering the lips with a colored layer
which serves to hide any skin roughness and give a smooth
appearance. The first requirement is met by soluble dyes and
the second one is met is insoluble dyes and pigments which
make the film more or less opaque. Modern lip balms contain
both to achieve the combined effect. The colors should be
from the list of certified dyes under the drugs and cosmetics
act [19]. The naturally occurring colors from different plant
and fruit sources are listed in Table number 2.
The colorant derived from natural source should be nontoxic
with no physiological activity. It should be a definite
chemical compound because then only its coloring power will
be reliable, its assay will be practicable and easier. Its
tinctorial (coloring) power should be high enough so that
only small quantities would be sufficient for use. Colorants
should be unaffected by light, tropical temperatures,
hydrolysis and microorganisms and therefore they must be
stable on storage [23-26].
Colorants should not affected by oxidizing or reducing agents
and pH changes and also should not interferes with the tests
and assays. Water soluble colorants are equally desirable with
oilsoluble and spiritsoluble colors. The most important
characteristic of colorants is compatibility with other
ingredients and medicament. It should be free from
objectionable taste and odour and must be readily available
and inexpensive [23-26]. The examples of natural colorants
are obtained from beet root, saffron, turmeric,etc. Saffron is
dried stigma of flowers of the plant Cross Sativuslinne. It is a
perennial plant and is grown in Kashmir in India. It is also
cultivated in Spain, France, Greece and Iran. The principle
coloring agent in saffron is crocin. Crocin is yellow powder, a
glycoside in nature and easily soluble in water [18].
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Table No.2 Common Color and Associated Food [21]
Chromophore
Plant sources
Nutrients
Anthocyanins
Eggplant, blackberry, purple, cabbage,
plum, blueberry, raisins, prunes, purple
grapes, figs
Lutein, zeaxanthin, resveratrol,
Vit. C, flavanoid, ellagic acid,
Quecertin
Chlorophyll
Avocado, cucumber, spinach, kale,
broccoli, snow pea, zucchini, artichoke,
lettuce, kiwi
Lutein, zeaxanthin, Vit. C,
calcium, folate, carotene
Anthoxanthins
Cauliflower, mushrooms, parsnip, potato,
ginger, onions, jicama, banana, garlic,
onions
Ancillin, Potassium, Selenium
Carotenoids
Papaya, pineapple, apricot, pumkin, peach,
peach, carrot, orange, corn
carotene, zeaxanthin, flavanoid,
vitaminC, Potassium
Lycopene or
Anthocyanins
Cranberry, beet, tomato watermelon,
strawberry, pomegranate
Ellagicacid, quecertin,
Hesperidin , etc.
Table No.3 List of Flavour
Taste
Masking Flavour
Salt
Butterscotch, maple
Bitter
Wild cherry, walnut, chocolate-mint, licorice
Sweet
Fruit, berry, vanilla
Acid
Citrus
7.4 Flavouring Agent
Flavours or flavouring agent are usually required to mask the
four basic taste sensations. Flavour refers to a mixed
sensation of taste, touch, smell, sight and sound, all of which
involve a combination of physiochemical and physiological
actions that influence the perception of substances. With the
expansion of technology in the flavour industry, many
artificial or imitation flavours have been created. The creation
of an acceptable flavour is more of an art than a science [23].
Flavourants are selected on the basis of the taste of the drug
or other ingredients need to be incorporated. The following
Table number 3 shows the masking flavor with respect to
different taste.
Flavours used in lip balm should not contain any ingredient
which may be irritating or toxic. These should have good
taste and should be able to mask fatty odour of the base [18].
Flavouring agents are an essential component to mask the
odour of the fatty or wax base as well as to impart an
attractive flavor. They are normally used in the concentration
range of 2-4% of total formulation. Flavour should be stable
and compatible with the other constituents of the lip balm.
The flavours should not be very strong as to clash with or
overpower other flavors that may be used concurrently with
the lip balm. Perfumes of the fruit flavor type have been
advocated as well. Also something edible can be used [19].
The commonly used flavours are apricot, strawberry,
raspberry, cherry, honey, etc. Honey has the capacity to serve
as a natural food preservative [20].
8. Method of Lip Balm Preparation
The details of general method of lip balm preparation are
described in this section. Select appropriate ingredients for lip
balm formulation from Table number 1. Initially melt the
accurately weighed amount of waxes in hot water bath in
descending order of their melting point with continuous
stirring/heated till it melts completely [24]. Then coloring
agent dissolved in oil or water depends on solubility and add
to the mixture of melted waxes. Finally add flavouring agent
like honey, vanilla which are also act as a preservative and
continuously stirred to get a homogenized mixture. The
mixture should be stirred vigorously until a smooth emulsion
form. Then, this mixture could be poured into clean and
lubricated moulds and allow them to cool to achieve
contraction of the waxes to facilitate easy removal of the
balm [24 & 25]. Recently the work also patented on the
preparation of botanical butter stick lip balm cosmetics [27].
9. Evaluation parameters for lip balm
Quality of a lip balm product can be assessed by the product
performance. Therefore significance of evaluation parameters
of any product is abundant. It helps to maintain the stability
along with the purity and uniformity of product. The main
evaluation parameters of lip balm products are described in
this section. The appearance of cosmetics products plays
paramount role from consumer’s perspective. This includes
color, odor and texture of the product [17]. By visualizing in
10x magnification under microscope color and appearance
can be characterized, while odor can be compared by the
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International Journal of Research in Cosmetic Science 2015; 5(1): 1-7
group of evaluators.
The spreadability of lip balm can be tested by applying the
formulated lip balm on glass slide at room temperature to
observe uniformity in the formulation of protective layer and
whether the stick fragmental deformed or broke during
application for appropriate results of different formulation.
The melting temperature and pH of lip balm are also
commonly evaluated by capillary method and pH meter
respectively. Ex-vivo and in vivo tests should be performed
for skin irritation test. The product need to study for the
surface anomalies such as formation crystals on surfaces or
contamination by moulds, fungi etc. There should not be sign
of any surface defects. The lip balm products are evaluated
for perfume and aging stability [18].
10. Conclusion
Due to tremendous demands of beauty enhancing products
cosmetics industry is flourishing. This work has reviewed the
current status of natural lip balm products. This also studied
all aspects of natural lip balm including natural ingredients,
formulation methods, evaluation and applications. Hence it
can be concluded that the extensive literature study has been
performed on the natural lip balm products and shown wide
scope for such products in future.
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Source of support: Nil; Conflict of interest: None declared
... Eles abrangem uma diversa gama de apresentações, incluindo as formas em barra, que são as mais tradicionais, e as fluidas, como o brilho labial. Embora todas essas apresentações tenham propostas semelhantes, elas diferem na composição, nas técnicas de produção e na transferência da cor, adaptando-se às preferências e necessidades dos consumidores (GOUVÊA, 2007;KADU;VISHWASRAO;SINGH, 2015). Os avanços tecnológicos, a otimização das formulações e o desenvolvimento de novas matérias-primas melhoraram a funcionalidade e a qualidade dos batons, permitindo aos consumidores escolher, entre uma grande variedade de produtos, aqueles que mais atendam às suas expectativas (AMIRALIAN;FERNANDES, 2018;MAWAZI et al., 2022). ...
... Eles abrangem uma diversa gama de apresentações, incluindo as formas em barra, que são as mais tradicionais, e as fluidas, como o brilho labial. Embora todas essas apresentações tenham propostas semelhantes, elas diferem na composição, nas técnicas de produção e na transferência da cor, adaptando-se às preferências e necessidades dos consumidores (GOUVÊA, 2007;KADU;VISHWASRAO;SINGH, 2015). Os avanços tecnológicos, a otimização das formulações e o desenvolvimento de novas matérias-primas melhoraram a funcionalidade e a qualidade dos batons, permitindo aos consumidores escolher, entre uma grande variedade de produtos, aqueles que mais atendam às suas expectativas (AMIRALIAN;FERNANDES, 2018;MAWAZI et al., 2022). ...
... Eles abrangem uma diversa gama de apresentações, incluindo as formas em barra, que são as mais tradicionais, e as fluidas, como o brilho labial. Embora todas essas apresentações tenham propostas semelhantes, elas diferem na composição, nas técnicas de produção e na transferência da cor, adaptando-se às preferências e necessidades dos consumidores (GOUVÊA, 2007;KADU;VISHWASRAO;SINGH, 2015). Os avanços tecnológicos, a otimização das formulações e o desenvolvimento de novas matérias-primas melhoraram a funcionalidade e a qualidade dos batons, permitindo aos consumidores escolher, entre uma grande variedade de produtos, aqueles que mais atendam às suas expectativas (AMIRALIAN;FERNANDES, 2018;MAWAZI et al., 2022). ...
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Os batons são cosméticos amplamente utilizados para embelezar, colorir e hidratar os lábios, contribuindo para a elevação da autoestima. Com a crescente demanda por produtos de origem natural, os batons formulados com insumos vegetais têm ganhado destaque, refletindo uma tendência global de consumo consciente. Este estudo objetivou apresentar uma base teórica sobre as principais tendências de mercado e propor a formulação de um batom líquido, priorizando o uso de ingredientes de origem vegetal. A amostra foi desenvolvida utilizando os seguintes componentes: vitamina E oleosa, cera de abelha, cera de carnaúba, manteiga de cacau, óleo de coco, óleo de rícino, hidroxitolueno butilado, propilparabeno, essência de framboesa e corante em pó vermelho lipossolúvel. As propriedades do batom, como aspecto, brilho, intensidade de cor, transferência e textura, foram avaliadas para caracterização inicial do produto. As embalagens escolhidas demonstraram ser atrativas e práticas. Os resultados indicaram que o batom líquido apresentou homogeneidade, brilho uniforme e odor agradável. No entanto, foram identificadas oportunidades de melhoria que podem influenciar a qualidade e a durabilidade do produto nos lábios. Estudos futuros são recomendados para a otimização da formulação, assim como a exploração de novos insumos naturais para inovação contínua.
... [6] Cosmetics are defined by the D&C Act of 1940 and its regulations of 1945 as any substance that is meant to be sprayed, poured, rubbed, sprinkled, or inserted into the human body or any portion of it in order to ablution, glamorisation, enchantment, or appearance reshaping. [7] Anatomy of the Lips: Human lips are a soft, moveable portion of the mouth that facilitates speaking and food intake. The upper and lower lips are known as "Labium superiors ores" and "Labium inferiors ores," respectively. ...
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Lipstick is the cosmetic used to colour the lips. It enhances the appearance of the lips. Lipstick is used for the purpose to improve appearance, look attractive and protection of lips for many types damaging UV rays etc. Herbal Lipstick is a cosmetic product containing pigments, oils, fragrance, preservatives, colours, texture and protection to the lips. It has become an almost universal constituent of ladies' handbags. Moist lips, dry lips, shiny lips, smooth lips, all are simple matters of cosmetic application. Herbal lipsticks are gaining popularity because natural cosmetics are safe. In market hundreds of shades of colours are available to satisfy the demand by the women's in form like liquid as well as stick on lips. Herbal lipsticks having minimum side effects. Lipstick containing synthetic colorants which are made up of harmful chemicals and it is very harmful for our skin. Continuous use for long time of synthetic colours may cause serious health problems like skin discoloration, lip cancer, skin irritation, etc. Lipstick demonstrates many types of negative effect like- allergy, nausea, dermatitis, and drying of the lips and more serve/used even fatal. So, the demand of the cosmetics containing herbal ingredients increased universally because it is safe. This review paper is about the overview on herbal lipstick which includes advantages, anatomy of lips, ideal characters, formulation defects and evaluation.
... Unsaturated oils are smoother, less greasy and absorb better into the skin when properly blended with waxes. When used as lip balms, they give a sufcient flm on the applied lip skin [65]. According to Lakshmi and Vidya [66], formulations containing virgin olive oil as a permeation enhancer demonstrated the highest permeation (more than 90% of aceclofenac was permeated from the gel formulations) which could be related to the presence of a higher concentration of UFAs than other formulations. ...
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The Nile tilapia, a fish of the Teleost group, is economically valuable due to its ease of cultivation, high growth rates and resistance to environmental conditions and is increasingly used for waste conversion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiochemical properties and potential applications of oils derived from the entrails of Nile tilapia obtained from four different farming sites in Ghana. The tilapia fish oil (TFO) was extracted by the wet rendering method. The refractive index, fatty acid profile, colour and cholesterol content of the TFO samples (TFS1, TFS2, TFS3 and TFS4) were determined using a refractometer, GC–MS, chromameter and UV spectrophotometer, respectively. More than 65% of fatty acids present in TFS1 to TFS4 were unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Oleic acid and its isomer were present in the oils as follows: TFS2 (58.37%), TFS3 (57.28%), TFS1 (43.89%) and TFS4 (41.71%). The following physicochemical properties of TFS1 to TFS4 were determined: vitamin A (0.70–2.15 mg/100 g), vitamin E (0.03–0.009 mg/100 g), acid value (0.27–0.66 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (0.009–4.488 meq/kg), iodine value (77.87–74.62 mg/g), saponification value (247.93–592.27 mg KOH/g), cholesterol content (162.33–438.33 mg/100 mL) and moisture content (1.08%–3.25%). These findings indicate that TFOs have potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the differences in physicochemical properties must be considered during product development to ensure optimal quality and marketability of the final product.
... Lip balm sangat dibutuhkan baik oleh wanita maupun pria karena fungsi esensialnya pada bibir [1]. Lip balm berbentuk stick diminati di pasaran karena pemakaiannya yang praktis [2]. ...
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Lip balm merupakan produk perawatan bibir yang sangat esensial karena fungsinya dalam menjaga kelembapan dan memberikan proteksi terhadap kekeringan. Kombinasi cocoa butter dan minyak jarak sering digunakan dalam formulasi lip balm karena sifatnya yang melembapkan, namun rasio yang tidak tepat dapat mempengaruhi stabilitas dan tekstur produk. Ekstrak lidah buaya (Aloe vera Linn.) memberikan tambahan manfaat dalam melembapkan dan menyejukkan, sehingga meningkatkan khasiat lip balm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati kesesuaian lip balm dengan spesifikasi dan memperoleh rasio cocoa butter dan minyak jarak terbaik berdasarkan karakteristik dan stabilitasnya. Lip balm diformulasikan dalam tiga formula yang bervariasi pada rasio cocoa butter dan minyak jarak, masing-masing adalah 10:44,2 (formula I), 11:43,2 (formula II) dan 12:42,2 (formula III). Kondisi penyimpanan produk dikondisikan pada suhu 40 °C dan RH 75% ± 5% selama 30 hari. Keseluruhan formula lip balm memenuhi seluruh spesifikasi yaitu organoleptis, kekerasan, berat jenis, titik lebur, spreadability dan pH. Rasio cocoa butter dan minyak jarak mempengaruhi karakteristik titik lebur dan pH lip balm. Lip balm lidah buaya formula II dengan rasio cocoa butter dan minyak jarak 11:43,2 merupakan formula terbaik yang stabil pada keseluruhan parameter. Lip balm is an essential lip care product due to its function in maintaining moisture and providing protection against dryness. A combination of cocoa butter and castor oil is commonly used in lip balm formulations due to its moisturizing properties; however, an incorrect ratio can affect the product stability and texture. Aloe vera (Aloe vera Linn.) extract provides additional benefits in terms of hydration and soothing, thereby enhancing the efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the conformity of the lip balm with specified standards and to determine the optimal ratio of cocoa butter to castor oil based on its stability. The lip balm was formulated in three different formulations with varying cocoa butter and castor oil ratios: 10:44.2 (formula I), 11:43.2 (formula II), and 12:42.2 (formula III). Storage conditions were set at 40 °C and RH 75% ± 5% for 30 days. All formulations met the pecifications, including organoleptic properties, hardness, specific gravity, melting point, spreadability, and pH. The cocoa butter-to-castor oil ratio influenced the melting point and pH characteristics of the lip balm. Lip balm formula II, with a cocoa butter and castor oil ratio of 11:43.2, was the best formula, stable across all parameters. Submitted: 10-11-2024, Revised: 29-11-2024, Accepted: 05-12-2024, Published regularly: December 2024
... Lip balm merupakan kosmetik yang digunakan untuk melembabkan dan melindungi bibir dari faktor yang dapat menyebabkan masalah pada bibir. Lip balm terbuat dari bahan utama minyak atau lemak dengan bentuk setengah padat yang akan memberikan kemudahan dalam pengaplikasiannya [2]. Sediaan lip balm dengan penambahan warna akan memberikan daya tarik tersendiri terutama bagi wanita, karena dapat digunakan untuk melembabkan sekaligus mewarnai bibir sehingga memberikan bentuk dan warna dekoratif yang akan membantu meningkatkan estetika dalam tata rias wajah [3]. ...
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Bibir kering dan pecah-pecah merupakan salah satu masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh sebagian orang yang akan menimbulkan rasa nyeri dan tidak nyaman. Lip balm terbuat dari bahan utama minyak atau lemak yang akan memberikan kelembaban pada bibir. Penambahan warna pada sediaan lip balm akan menambah daya tarik tersendiri terutama bagi wanita, karena sekaliguas dapat membantu meningkatkan estetika wajah. Umbi bit (Beta vulgaris L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung pigmen betasianin yang berpotensi sebagai pewarna alami dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan mutu fisik sediaan lip balm dengan variasi ekstrak umbi bit (Beta vulgaris L). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian laboratorium dengan memformulasikan ekstrak etanol umbi bit menjadi sediaan lip balm dalam 3 formula dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu formula I (6%), formula II (10%), dan formula III (14%). Uji mutu fisik sediaan yang diamati yaitu organoleptis, homogenitas, daya lekat, dan daya sebar. Analisis data organoleptis dan homogenitas dilakukan secara deskriptif sedangkan hasil uji daya lekat dan daya sebar dianalisis dengan statistik inferensial menggunakan IBM SPSS statistik 26 pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dengan uji One Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan mutu fisik lip balm ekstrak umbi bit (Beta vulgaris L.) pada FI (6%) dengan sediaan FII (10%) dan FIII (14%) khususnya pada warna sediaan, daya lekat, dan daya sebar.
... Adapun kelebihan lip balm dapat melembabkan bibir dan mencerahkan bibir. Penggunaan lip balm tidak membedakan jenis kelamin baik untuk perempuan maupun laki-laki dapat menggunakannya (Kadu et al., 2015). ...
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Daun Keji Beling mengandung senyawa-senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai pelembab yaitu flavonoid dengan jenis katekin yang berfungsi sebagai aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dalam mencegah radikal bebas. Potensi dari ekstrak daun keji beling bisa dimanfaatkan menjadi bentuk sediaan untuk mengatasi bibir kering yaitu sebagai pelembab dalam bentuk sediaan lip balm. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk membuat sediaan lip balm ekstrak etanol daun Keji Beling, dan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun Keji Beling. Metode penelitian ini meliputi pembuatan ekstrak etanol 70% daun Keji Beling dengan metode maserasi. Uji aktivitas antioksidan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil), dengan menggunakan kontrol positif (pembanding) yaitu Vitamin C. Hasil sediaan lip balm ekstrak etanol 70% daun Keji Beling memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan kategori sangat kuat ditunjukan oleh formula 3 dengan nilai IC50 3,12 ppm dengan kategori sangat kuat.
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Lip balm is a waxy substance that is applied to the lips to keep them moisturized. The lip balm was developed to protect the lips from external influences such as the winter cold and to prevent dry and chapped lips. The lip balm prevents irritation and infection to lips. It also reduces the pain associated with chapped lips. The ingredients used in making the lip balm moisturize the lips and help heal chapped lips. Most of them have a waxy texture. A lip balm is a moisturizer that is applied to the lips to keep them from drying out and to protect the lips from environmental influences.The lip-care products for everyday basis contains harmful heavy metals and preservatives Other than leaching through the pores on your lips, these heavy metals and other chemicals can also be accidently ingested. Lip balm formulations are most widely usedto enhance the beauty of lips and add glamour touch to the make-up. Lip balms offer a natural way to maintain and promote healthy lips. Current cosmetic lip products are based on use of enormous chemical ingredients which has a various side effect. Hence, an attempt has made to study the natural ingredients which is used to formulate the natural lip balm. The natural lip balm can be made using naturally occuring base, oils, colour, flavouring agent etc.Organic lip balm nourishes the lips and help to get hydrated and protect lips which are affected by the dryness. Organic lip balm could be better option for treatment of various lip issues. Lip balm is the one of regularly use cosmetics item. to keep them from drying out and to protect the lips from environmental influences. Use of herbal ingredients in lip balm decreases the negative effect.
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Fluconazole is an imidazole derivative and used for the treatment of local and systemic fungal infection. The oral use of fluconazole is not much recommended as it has many side effects. Commercially fluconazole topical gel preparation are not available in the market, thus this formulation is made for better patient compliance and to reduce the dose of drug and to avoid the side effects like liver damage and kidney damage. The gel was formulated by changing the polymer ratio. FT-IR study confirmed the purity of drug and revealed no interaction between the drug and excipients. Gel formulations were characterized for drug content, pH determination, viscosity measurement, in vitro diffusion, antifungal activity and skin irritation. Among the five formulations, F1 was selected as the best formulation as its %CDR after 41/2 h was 97.846% and release rate of drug from F1 formulation is best fitted to Higuchi model. The viscosity of the F1 formulation was within the limits and F1 formulation did not show any skin irritation. Gel formulation F1 was found to be stable at 30 ±2°C and 65 ± 5 RH. It was found that at 40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5 RH the gel formulation was not stable and %CDR was decreased. Efficient delivery of drug to skin application was found to be highly beneficial in localizing the drug to desired site in the skin and reduced side effects associated with conventional treatment.
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Rising global demand for natural products whose production is harmless to the environment has stimulated the development of natural cosmetics and, within this category, organics (95% organic raw materials). The image of environmentally friendly production is one of the strongest attractions of organic products. Lip balm is a cosmetic product similar to lipstick whose purpose is to prevent lip dryness and protect against adverse environmental factors. The product’s characteristics are: resistance to temperature variations, pleasant flavor, innocuousness, smoothness during application, adherence and easy intentional removal. This work involved the development of a lip balm formulated with certified organic raw materials and the execution of stability tests: fusion point determination, evaluation of organoleptic characteristics (color, odor and appearance) and functionality evaluation (spreadability test). The formulation selected after the Preliminary Stability Test was submitted to the Normal Stability Test under the following storage conditions (temperature): Room Temperature (22.0 ± 3.0 ºC), Oven (40.0 ± 2.0 ºC) and Refrigerator (5.0 ± 1.0 ºC), for 90 days. Under the Refrigerator and Room Temperature conditions, spreadability proved adequate, but the surface presented white spots, characterizing the fat bloom, a phenomenon involving the recrystallization of cocoa butter. Storage at 40.0 ± 2.0 ºC (Oven) caused loss of functionality according to the spreadability test, in addition to changes in color, although the aspect was uniform since the fat bloom was not observed (white spots on the surface). The odor remained stable under all conditions as did the melting point, which had a mean of 72.9 ± 1.7 ºC throughout the course of stability testing (90 days).
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Synthetic color is added to foods to replace natural color lost during processing. It causes health problems mainly in children that considered Avery venerable group. This study was carried out investigate the effect of using color foods (Color fruit juice for 6 -12 hr—Tomato ketchup potato chips (TKPC)—color sweet and color chocolate at low (15%) and high (30%)) concentration on serum biochemical, WBC (white blood cell) and histopathology of liver and kidney of rats for 13 week. The results indicated that no significant change in body weight gain, serum glucose, HDL and LDL cholesterol compared to control group. TKPC (30%) showed that significant increase in total cholesterol (TC), triacyl-glycerol (TG). Low and high concentration of color chocolate and color sweet was exhibited significant increase of TG. The level of ALT and AST was significant increase of rat's administration color fruit juice (for 12 hr) and TKPC at 30%. High concentration of color foods and long time administration of color fruit juice showed significant increase in serum creatinine and albumin compared to control group. Both low and high consumed of color foods exhibited sig-nificant decrease in liver GSH. High concentration of color foods lead to increase number of WBC as the result to the response of the immune system to the inflammation. Color foods were reveled change in histological structure of liver and kidney. In conclusion, the use synthetic color in various foods has adverse effect on some of biochemical analysis; and the liver and kidney histopathological structure.
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Cosmetics are incredible in demand since historical time till day. Lipstick formulations are most widely used to enhance the beauty of lips and add glamour to touch to the makeup. With this aim and objectives, an attempt was made to formulate natural lipsticks by using colouring pigments of Bixa orellana seeds, and the lipsticks were evaluated for their organolaptic properties such as spreading, hardness, shine and gloss and found to be a satisfactory product to give attractive beauty. The preparation of these lipsticks with the natural ingredients like Bixa seeds, Olive oil, ripe fruit powder of Shikakai. Due to various adverse effects of available synthetic preparation, the present work was conceived by us to formulate a herbal lipsticks having minimal or no side effects which will extensively used by the women of our communities with great surety and satisfaction.
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Herbal cosmetic also known as "natural cosmetics". With the beginning of the civilization, mankind had the magnetic dip towards impressing others with their looks. At the time, there were no fancy fairness creams or any cosmetic surgeries.1 The only thing they had was the knowledge of nature, compiled in the ayurveda. With the science of ayurveda, several herbs and floras were used to make ayurvedic cosmetics that really worked. Ayurvedic cosmetics not only beautified the skin but acted as the shield against any kind of external affects for the body.2 Ayurvedic cosmetics also known as the herbal cosmetics have the same estimable assets in the modern era as well. There is a wide gamut of the herbal cosmetics that are manufactured and commonly used for daily purposes. Herbal cosmetics like herbal face wash, herbal conditioner, herbal soaps, herbal shampoo, and many more are highly acclaimed by the masses. The best thing of the herbal cosmetics is that it is purely made by the herbs and shrubs.2 The natural content in the herbs does not have any side effects on the human body; instead enrich the body with nutrients and other useful minerals. Herbal cosmetics are comprised of floras like ashwagandha, sandal (chandan), saffron (kesar) and many more that is augmented with healthy nutrient sand all the other necessary components.
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The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as ancient as mankind and civilization. Women are obsessed with looking beautiful. So, they use various beauty products that have herbs to look charming and young. Indian herbs and its significance are popular worldwide. Herbal Cosmetics have growing demand in the world market and is an invaluable gift of nature. Herbal formulations always have attracted considerable attention because of their good activity and comparatively lesser or nil side effects with synthetic drugs. Herbs and spices have been used in maintaining and enhancing human beauty since time immemorial. Indian women have long used herbs such as Sandalwood and Turmeric for skin care; Henna to color the hair, palms and soles; and natural oils to perfume their bodies. Not too long ago, elaborate herbal beauty treatments were carried out in the royal palaces of India to heighten sensual appeal and maintain general hygiene.