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Grounded Theory Methods in Social Justice Research
... Jones, 2016). These new evolving questions and additional data collection relating to theoretical sampling allowed the researcher to better investigate the new aspects of the topic emerging from the initial data collection (Charmaz, 2011). As a result, one homeroom teacher and three classroom teachers were recruited as theoretical sampling. ...
... The data was divided into segments and then scrutinised for similar and different points (Charmaz, 2011). Every idea generated from the initial interview data was recorded inductively (Sbaraini et al., 2011). ...
... During the analysis, if a new and meaningful incident emerged; theoretical sampling would be employed to identify any other possible similar or relevant viewpoints. Therefore, during theoretical sampling and constant comparisons, the researchers needed to move back and forth between the data collection and analysis stages (Charmaz, 2011;Creswell & Cheryl, 2018). Finally, constant comparisons resulted in theoretical codes that adequately capture each incident to create a theory as the answer to the research question. ...
This study explores primary school teachers’ conceptions of social and emotional learning in Vietnam. The study is the first part of a grounded theory research on teachers’ perspectives and understanding of social and emotional learning. Thirteen primary school teachers in public schools representing three different school settings are recruited as participants during purposeful and theoretical sampling. The primary data collection method is intensive semi-structured interviews. With 17 meeting times during more than 20 hours of interviewing, the study reaches saturation, and a substantive theory is generated as the finding of the grounded theory research. The present study reports the first out of four parts of the research. The findings indicate that social and emotional learning is a part of life skill education in Vietnam and includes five elements: Self-awareness, Empathy, Emotional management, Cooperation, and Problem-solving skills. The study facilitates a foundation to investigate teachers’ perspectives on the significance and implementation of social and emotional learning in Vietnam.
... Se utilizó la Teoría Fundamentada (TF) como método de investigación cualitativa, en la cual la recolección y el análisis se informan recíprocamente y se moldean el uno al otro mediante un proceso iterativo emergente (9). Este estudio acogió el enfoque constructivista de la TF de Charmaz (10). Dicha metodología contempla un modo de codificación teórico, pues no solo describe fenómenos, sino que desarrolla conceptos teóricos que les imprime carácter explicativo. ...
... Posteriormente, a partir de los análisis preliminares, y por tanto, de la necesidad de profundizar en los aspectos emergentes, se direccionó la selección de los informantes mediante el muestreo teórico (10). Se entrevistaron 34 madres beneficiarias de las PPAN; por su parte, los técnicos que participaron en el estudio fueron en total nueve. ...
... La TF constructivista interpreta significados y acciones y los sitúa en el contexto de las circunstancias relevantes respecto al relacionamiento de los participantes y técnicos con el programa,asimismo, tiene un interés particular en cómo se reproducen ideologías y relaciones de poder que en la mayoría de los casos permanecen ocultos (10). Esta premisa de la TF constructivista guió el análisis, el cual dervió inicialmente en unas categorías emergentes descriptivas, como: vivencia con el programa, roles y cotidianidad de los actores, idea de Estado y expectativas frente al programa. ...
El hambre y la inseguridad alimentaria han ocupado la agenda pública nacional e internacional por varias décadas; no obstante, las estimaciones más recientes indican que dichos fenómenos se recrudecen en lugar de revertirse. Las políticas públicas, incluyendo las de alimentación y nutrición, son dispositivos funcionales al modelo neoliberal que reduce lo social a la mitigación de la pobreza monetaria. Objetivo. Comprender los significados de las políticas de alimentación y nutrición para madres participantes y los técnicos para responder a las expectativas y posibilitar capacidades de los titulares de derechos. Método. Teoría fundamentada y enfoque constructivista, recolección y análisis simultáneo y comparación constante. El análisis fue orientado mediante codificación y categorización abierta, axial y selectiva. Los participantes fueron 34 madres y nueve técnicos vinculados con las políticas. Resultados. Las políticas alimentarias se convierten en dispositivos para el asistencialismo al configurar al sujeto como “receptor”. Las interacciones, gravitan alrededor de aspectos operativos como la constatación de requisitos de inclusión al programa y los procesos de entrega del subsidio. Esta lógica desconoce la voz y las prácticas culturales de los participantes, además les produce saturación por cuenta de la sobreintervención a la que son sometidos. Conclusiones. Las políticas de alimentación y nutrición en el contexto neoliberal resultan insuficientes frente a las aspiraciones de los sujetos, por tanto, existe una tensión entre el sujeto concebido desde la política y las expectativas que estos construyen a partir de su experiencia con los programas..
... Through systematic collection, analysis, and comparison of data, such topics can be unraveled, and relevant theory can be developed (Layder 1993). Grounded theory methodology is used to explain the mechanisms and patterns underlying complex phenomena (Charmaz 2011) and the interrelationships among constructs (Matteucci and Gnoth 2017). NVivo 12 is widely considered as the appropriate software to conduct qualitative study ). ...
... Each interview lasted approximately 60-90 min, and we interviewed each respondent once or twice. The interview records were transcribed, and we achieved theoretical saturation through a circular coding process (Charmaz 2011). ...
Most tourism studies have investigated adolescent experiences and their subjective feelings toward family travel. However, the research regarding how family travel influences adolescent mental development is still fragmented. To fill this research gap, this study used social learning theory and a grounded theory approach to explore the identity development and self-growth of 12 adolescents from families in China with family travel experiences. Taking a child-centered and participatory approach, the adolescents and their parents (one per family) were interviewed. The data indicated that the away-from-home of family travel could lead adolescents to undergo internalization-based learning as a stress response; such learning could increase adolescents' self-differentiation by improving their self-efficacy and enable behavioral growth and achievement. This study developed a new theory for social learning, that is environment–cognition–stress response–behavior, and the mechanisms underlying the influence of family travel on adolescent self-differentiation emerged. This study provides theoretical contributions useful in the development of family travel experiences and products.
... Piuttosto che cercare di cancellare le loro precomprensioni o di fingere che i preconcetti non influenzino il processo di investigazione, le/i ricercatrici/ori G devono impegnarsi nella riflessivit ed esplicitare i loro preconcetti e posizioni durante ogni fase della raccolta e dell'analisi dei dati (Charmaz, 2011(Charmaz, , 2014(Charmaz, , 2017. ...
... n approccio costruttivista ne aumenta la complessit . Infatti, la G costruttivista riconosce molteplici prospettive e forme di conoscenza anzich una singola realt , come postulato dal paradigma positivista (Charmaz, 2011). All'interno di un paradigma costruttivista, si presume che le realt sociali esistano contemporaneamente (Charmaz, 2014). ...
... toGlaser's (1978) objectivist and Strauss and Corbin's (1990) postpositivist versions of grounded theory, constructivist versions of grounded theory the constructivist version of grounded theory(Charmaz, 2006(Charmaz, , 2008(Charmaz, , 2011 assumes that the research process results from interaction, that data production and data analysis are socially constructed, and that the goal of research is to increase situated understanding. Furthermore, constructivist grounded theory encourages researchers to process the data of their study by describing behaviours, engaging in reflexivity(Charmaz, 2011).The research questions of the article are: ₋ What changes are faced by Hungarian hotel market operators in 2020-2022 and what factors have a negative impact on their business activities? ...
... toGlaser's (1978) objectivist and Strauss and Corbin's (1990) postpositivist versions of grounded theory, constructivist versions of grounded theory the constructivist version of grounded theory(Charmaz, 2006(Charmaz, , 2008(Charmaz, , 2011 assumes that the research process results from interaction, that data production and data analysis are socially constructed, and that the goal of research is to increase situated understanding. Furthermore, constructivist grounded theory encourages researchers to process the data of their study by describing behaviours, engaging in reflexivity(Charmaz, 2011).The research questions of the article are: ₋ What changes are faced by Hungarian hotel market operators in 2020-2022 and what factors have a negative impact on their business activities? ₋ How are hotel operators responding to the identified challenges and how do these responses align with global best practices? ...
External business environmental challenges such as the effects of climate change and sustainable operation required hotel managers to take strategically planned action. All of this was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which appeared in several waves from 2020, and the energy crisis resulting from the Ukrainian-Russian armed conflict. The periodic return of the pandemic has created a high level of uncertainty not only for operators but also for workers. The energy price boom that unfolded from the second half of 2021 required cost-saving solutions from market players that typically necessitate a significant investment and provide a long-term return. In the planning process, the guest experience and value-added approach became paramount, as the long payback period required forward thinking and good prediction of the future. In this article, focusing on relevant literature sources and using a constructivist grounded theory strategy, data mostly from the period between 2020 and 2022 has been collected and analysed, . The purpose of these two research questions is to answer what challenges Hungarian hotel market players face and what factors negatively impact their business during the period of 2020 and2022, as well as how hotel operators respond to the identified challenges and how these responses relate to the global best practices. In addition to studying general cost-saving practices in Hungarian hotels, the focus is on improving the guest experience and providing operators with real cost-effective operational solutions. Value creation occurs in all areas of hotel operations, including front and back-of-house work areas. Solutions such as heating system modernisation, digitalisation, organisational development and outsourcing of activities will be presented.
... Az empirikus munka és elemzés a konstruktivista megalapozott elmélet módszertani elve és gyakorlati fogásai mentén épült fel (Charmaz 2006, Kucsera 2008. A kutatómunka során és a tanulmány eredményeinek bemutatásakor erőteljesen hatott ránk Charmaz megalapozott elméletének "társadalmiigazságosság-kutatás"-i (social justice research) felfogása (Charmaz 2011) is. Már a 2006-os könyvében is felveti a megalapozott elmélet módszertanának alkalmazhatóságát például a hatalmi egyenlőtlenségek vizsgálatában is, amit tovább fejteget a 2011-es tanulmányában. ...
A tanulmány annak a tudáskészletnek a felépítési folyamatába ad betekintést, amit demenciával élő személyeket gondozó családtagok ennek a komplex kihívásokkal terhelt élethelyzet feldolgozásának és a vele való megküzdésnek az érdekében elvégeznek. Amikor a kutatás résztvevői elindultak a gondozói úton, akkor jellemzően semmilyen, vagy csak nagyon elemi ismeretük volt a demenciáról, ami nemcsak a tünetek felismerését nehezítette meg, hanem – különösen eleinte – tanácstalanságot és tehetetlenséget szült bennük. Domináns megélésük szerint az egészségügyi rendszertől – ami az elsődleges kontaktpont a formális ellátóintézmény-rendszerhez – nem kapták meg azt az információs támogatást, amire akkor szükségük lett volna. Közülük többen ezt csak utólag, a demencia előrehaladtával, a tünetek és a gondozási igények változásával ismerték fel. Évek múltával a gondozók egyre többet tapasztaltak és tudtak meg a demencia természetével és ennek a saját helyzetükben mutatkozó egyediségével kapcsolatban, amely tapasztalati tudás az énhatékonyságukat növelve a megküzdésük kulcselemévé vált. A tanulmány ezt az útkeresést, összefoglalóan a gondozói tapasztalati tudásépítési utakat és az erre a tudásra épített gondozói megküzdési stratégiákat tárja fel 22 gondozóval készített mélyinterjú elemzésével a konstruktivista megalapozott elmélet módszertanát alkalmazva. Végül, a tanulmány a népegészségügyi prioritásnak tekintett demencia kezeléséhez használható társadalompolitikailag releváns következtetéseket és ajánlásokat fogalmaz meg.
... In grounded theory (GT), researchers can develop theories through various types of data, including field notes, observation reports, ethnographic records, interview statements, video recordings, information from documents such as records and written or printed reports, or a combination of these data types [4,6,[12][13][14]. In the intensive interviews conducted, face-to-face meetings between the authors and participants enabled the latter to speak freely, while the authors listened attentively to acquire information from them. ...
Currently, various educational issues encountered by students in primary schools are actively discussed in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to identify these educational issues from parents' perspectives when their children enroll in primary schools. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study, utilizing a constructivist grounded theory (CGT) design as introduced by Kathy Charmaz. A total of 32 participants were selected through purposive, theoretical, and snowball sampling techniques. The data analysis process involved initial coding and focused coding. The findings revealed five themes: educational issues, experiences, attitudes, strategies, and outcomes. The results indicate that the prevailing educational issues include basic needs, safety, student ethics, heavy school bags, co-curricular activities, and the curriculum. The study concludes that these educational issues are indeed present, and parents' perspectives on them can be classified into two viewpoints: sentience and apathy. The study's findings can be interpreted through various educational psychology theories, with implications that may enhance awareness of primary school educational issues and, ultimately, fulfill national educational aspirations. - Published in: Science International (Lahore) (ISSN 1013-5316) (2024) Vol. 36(6), p. 545-550. Online version: http://www.sci-int.com/pdf/638663204957910443.edited.pdf
... As part of the research design, a non-linear approach was adopted in which data collection and analysis were viewed as overlapping, intertwined processes rather than discrete steps (Boyatzis 1998). Data collection and coding coincided throughout the research process, allowing for data collected in early interviews to inform, enrich, and guide later ones (Charmaz 2011). ...
We live in a period of multiple crises, including economic, environmental, and social emergencies. The prioritisation of capitalist economic growth by most political institutions is among the most critical drivers of these crises in a never-ending loop. Against this context, commoning, perceived as collective care, presents an alternative political strategy to respond to those crises. In this paper, we investigate how an anti-mining community in Skouries, Greece, opposes the imposition of a large-scale mining project by forming a commons. Our commons is a women's collective that sought a sustainable economic alternative to large-scale mining and a model that could influence different political values much needed for politics in a crisis-ridden framework. We argue that commoning can enrich the politics of our times. Commoning highlights the importance of caring collectively for developing collective identities and relations between humans and the environment, which can benefit local, national, and international politics.
... This design was participant oriented, assumed that participants shared beliefs about lived experiences, and participants were encouraged by the researcher's attempts to create bonding relationships. Following Creswell (2012) and Charmaz (2011), the content analysis was performed through coding and categorisation. ATLAS.ti ...
Background: The professional development (PD) of early childhood teachers is of strategic importance in higher education and the profession given the need to improve responsiveness and progress towards millennium goals.Aim: The purpose was to analyse classroom practices and teachers’ experiences of PD programmes, through the theoretical lens of the UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers to construct an authentic data-based model, which can be used to understand PD challenges and guide decisions about the improvement of education quality.Setting: The study was conducted in Gauteng with teachers from a selection of early childhood centres.Methods: A phenomenological inquiry explored the settings and practices of 23 selected teachers in Gauteng province. Interview and observation data were analysed for content categories and grounded theory articulations.Results: The main finding is that teachers facing everyday educational challenges benefit from school-based support and available media but need additional learning to advance their professional aspirations. The grounded theory analyses of the data highlighted that early childhood practices and articulated development needs are best explained as authentic caring. This was conceptualised metaphorically as garden spaces where careful tending, deliberate planning and various elements of nurturing knowledge may harmoniously be blended. The model extends prevailing theories of PD and the flipped ICT Competency Framework for Teachers.Conclusion: The model of authentic caring is a grounded theory articulation based upon beliefs of practising EC teachers.Contribution: The article provides a comprehensive online teacher professional development framework for EC teachers, emphasising authenticity, care and alignment with global educational standards.
... Whereas the employment of larger sample sizes entails the endeavour to imbue data with a semblance of 'objectivity,' small sample sizes afford the opportunity for a more profound explication of participants' data. This is owing to the potential concealment of nuanced significances beneath the overt meaning, necessitating a meticulous revelation (Charmaz, 2011). In other words, in qualitative research, prioritizing depth over breadth emerges as a paramount consideration. ...
Although technology is an established issue in applied linguistics, integrating chatbots, particularly ChatGPT into language learning, especially third-language (L3) learning, is a novel and mystic issue. To demystify this integration, the current study explores the role of ChatGPT in enhancing vocabulary learning, which makes up the skeleton of language, in L3 German class since multilingualism is becoming a norm nowadays. The participants of this exploratory qualitative case study, who are A1-level German learners, are three university students. They read and analyse five different ChatGPT-created texts and adapt the topic of texts to themselves via ChatGPT in which they are supposed to incorporate theme-related keywords throughout five weeks. Data is gathered through semi-structured interviews, vocabulary tests, and reflective journals. Grounded theory was conducted to analyse the data. The findings provide insights into the participants’ academic achievement through cognitive and affective dimensions. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
... Proses penelitian kualitatif ini melibatkan upaya-upaya penting, seperti mengajukan pertanyaanpertanyaan dan prosedur-prosedur, mengumpulkan data yang spesifik dari partisipan, menganalisis data secara induktif mulai dari tema-tema yang khusus ke tema-tema umum, dan menafsirkan makna data. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah grounded theory yang sangat berguna untuk meningkatkan pemahaman kontekstual dan lebih dekat ke data (Charmaz, 2011). Selain itu, pendekatan melalui grounded theory dapat membantu peneliti untuk memahami lebih lanjut tentang makna dan tindakan responden yang terhubung dengan lingkungan sosial yang lebih luas (Charmaz & Bryant, 2016) serta memungkinkan adanya dialog antara peneliti dengan responden (Matteucci & Gnoth, 2017). ...
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran keterlibatan multi-stakeholder penta-helix yang meliputi sektor pemerintah, akademisi, swasta, komunitas, dan media dalam pengembangan bisnis Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di sektor pariwisata. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan grounded theory. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui convenience sampling yang dilakukan melalui observasi, open questionnaire, in-dept interview, dan dokumentasi. Teknik validitas dilakukan melalui triangulasi sumber. Analisis data kuantitatif deskriptif melalui pengkodingan data, penyusunan tabulasi data, dan analisis deskriptif. Sedangkan teknik analisis data kualitatif menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa peran stakeholder terbanyak didominasi oleh Komunitas sebesar 27%, Pemerintah sebesar 25%, Swasta sebesar 19%, Media sebesar 19%, dan Akademisi sebesar 10%. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa memiliki kerjasama dengan multi-stakeholder penta-helix membawa peningkatan dalam pengembangan usaha UMKM di sektor pariwisata, sebaliknya semakin sedikit keterlibatan multi-stakeholder penta-helix pada UMKM pariwisata akan membuat usaha UMKM tersebut menjadi sulit berkembang.
... This review is underpinned by social justice as a conceptual framework, providing a theoretical base that informs and directs the study's argument. While there is no static or universally agreed-upon definition of social justice, scholarly explorations on social justice typically focus on a nuanced examination of privilege and poverty, access and barriers, the collective good and individual rights, and their implications for societal well-being or suffering [30]. Social justice, as defined here, embodies the principles of the equitable and fair distribution of obligations, power, and resources in society to all people regardless of socioeconomic status, gender, income status, geographical location, ability, spiritual or religious background, ethnicity or race, gender, level of education, or age [28]. ...
While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected both developing and developed countries, students from disadvantaged groups have suffered significantly. During the pandemic, these students not only struggled to access online education but also faced various forms of exclusion. In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, this systematic literature review employs the concept of social justice framework to investigate the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education worldwide, focusing on the opportunities and challenges of digital transformation in ensuring inclusive and equitable access to quality higher education. The findings suggest that while digital transformation in higher education has provided substantive benefits, its adoption has also ushered in challenges for learning. The review emphasizes that higher education institutions (HEIs), alongside their governments, bear the responsibility of mitigating the challenges inherent in the context of digital learning, thereby advocating for the implementation of comprehensive strategies that adhere to best practices and embrace inclusivity. By operationalizing these strategies, HEIs will be ensuring equitable opportunities and success for all students, while also preventing analogous challenges that may arise in instances of future crises limiting physical mobility.
... Using this approach, the unavoidable impact of personal experience and social network activity on the co-construction of shared realities was examined, in addition to providing a reflective framework to maintain awareness of these effects throughout the research process. Data collection, and data analysis and theory are kept in reciprocal relationships with each other, and an iterative process of constant comparison is followed within and between data cases, field notes, and memoranda of theory and researchers (Charmaz, 2011). This study complies with the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) (O'Brien et al., 2014). ...
Aim: To develop an empirical model that explores and explains the social process of the encounters of men who suffered pregnancy loss with health and social environments. Methods: A constructivist grounded theory method was performed, whereby 23 couples were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. Men that suffered pregnancy loss were analysed iteratively, with line-by-line and incident-to-incident coding, focused coding and axial coding, until data saturation and the emergence of theory. Results: The theory Behind bars that hide and mask them illustrates the social process of the encounters of men who suffered pregnancy loss with the health and social environment. Social taboo and gender stereotypes could repress, marginalize, and hide men's feelings. This transposed into the healthcare setting, which focused on the physical aspects of the woman, and lacked an emotional approach, follow-up, and sensitivity. Men reported a lack of recognition or family and social support. Conclusion: Many men report not feeling involved in the care process after pregnancy loss, in addition to the prioritisation of medicalised care, which can be explained by a medical paternalism approach. These results provide a basis to reflect and plan the inclusion of men for the provision of comprehensive and couple-centred care. Implications for practice: Communication strategies and emotional management, self-reflection of health professionals , theoretical-practical content with a gender perspective in the training of nurses and midwives, involvement of the organisation and leadership, and further research is required. Statement of significance Problem or Issue Lack of emotional care for men in pregnancy loss. What is Already Known Research has mainly focused on how pregnancy loss affects heterosexual women. But there hasn't been much research on how men experience it.
... Initial data analysis followed the first-round interviews. I deployed 'constructivist grounded theory' (Charmaz, 2006(Charmaz, , 2011(Charmaz, , 2014Keane, 2015) approaches in the data analysis process. I built initial codes, focused codes, categories, and a provisional theoretical framework through constant comparisons, memo-writing, map-drawing, and theoretical sampling, while also being sensitised by theoretical constructions from pre-existing literature, particularly Bourdieu's conceptual tools. ...
... Grounded Theory Methodology can be defined as a systematic form of data analysis whereby context-specific theory is developed based on a combination of thematic coding and conceptual analysis (Ahmed and Krayem 2021, p. 8). In developing theory from data, Grounded Theory Methodology prioritises lived experiences and seeks to avoid essentialism by contextualising knowledge (Charmaz 2011). ...
This article examines the way faith and Islamic values underpin the agency and work of Muslim women in providing domestic and family violence (DFV) support services. Focusing on the role and impact of Muslim Women Australia within the DFV space in the Australian context, this article demonstrates the way Muslim Women Australia utilises faith as a tool for empowerment. It illustrates the way that—despite governmental reforms that required transition from specialised to generalist DFV services—Muslim Women Australia, via their DFV service Linking Hearts, has maintained a strong commitment to providing culturally and religiously appropriate support. Drawing on fieldwork, this article explores the intersection of Muslim women’s agency, faith, and role as DFV service providers, to demonstrate the importance of culturally competent DFV support services within diverse communities. Through interviews with clients (victim-survivors) who accessed Linking Hearts services during the COVID-19 lockdowns, this article highlights the way the Islamic values of advocacy, agency, and dignity underscore the Linking Hearts model to effectively provide culturally and religiously competent support to all clients regardless of their personal beliefs and values.
... In order to explore the qualitative data from the open-ended questions, we coded participants' responses inductively to develop emergent themes. We felt that an inductive coding strategy was most appropriate as it allowed for a grounded exploration of participants' responses (e.g., Charmaz, 2013). We coded the responses collaboratively over multiple cycles, with each iteration improving from its previous rendition (e.g., Chenail, 1997;Saldana, 2016). ...
Working dogs play integral roles across many human workplaces. This is no exception in the criminal justice system, and policing more specifically, where police dogs are used in various capacities. Many questions remain, however, regarding the public’s perceptions of dogs in different working contexts. Drawing upon data from a sample of Canadian and American adults (n = 201) obtained via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, the present research explores public perceptions of working dogs’ utilities, with an emphasis on police dogs. The findings reveal that while participants overwhelmingly supported working dogs in health and wellbeing contexts, they expressed more mixed perceptions regarding police dogs. The findings also reveal that police dogs’ utilities are related to participants’ overall support for police dogs, but that the specific relationship varies as a function of the utility. Amidst growing concerns regarding the use of police dogs, these findings may help police organizations incorporate evidence-based decision-making related to the deployment of police dogs moving forward.
... Initial coding involved highlighting material that appeared in each transcript as they were read and then re-read to retrieve further data that may have been missed from the first reading. This process is one of defining useful data and as per Charmaz (2006Charmaz ( , 2011Charmaz ( , 2014, required the researcher to be "constantly" reforming and reconsidering data. This process meant dissecting data and re-grouping these data into categories that eventually lead to an interpretation of what is going on in the data (Charmaz, 2014). ...
Key findings pertaining to power and cultural dynamics, positionality and health inequities, Deficit Discourse, identity versus cultural differences depicted health service delivery to Queensland MPI families. Theoretical lens of neo-colonial and cultural safety underpins the methodological framework which revealed misconceptions that predisposed transculturalism as Cultural Safety.
... Coding decisions were directly recorded onto coding sheets. Abductive reasoning was used to revisit the data back and forth while considering the knowledge of relevant literature, research processes, the overall data set and experience in the project (Charmaz, 2011). ...
... Yet, these students are still expected to perform at the same level as those learners whose dialects have been chosen and crowned as the "standard" language. This is a blatant violation of the principles of social justice and linguistic rights (Madonsela 2012;Charmaz 2013). ...
The standardisation process of a language is always a polemic undertaking, and Tshivenḓa is no exception. This article explores the Tshivenḓa dialects and the standardisation process that this language went through. The importance of language as a primary resource for an individual, social identification, and also as a means of learning and communication, cannot be overemphasised. Moreover, when different language varieties come into contact, acculturation is inevitable, i.e., linguistic and cultural elements from both sides will diffuse and "contaminate" each other's languages and culture. However, this phenomenon is not fully researched, especially among the Tshivenḓa dialects. The lexicographers and terminographers, who are tasked with the development and maintenance of the Tshivenḓa language, seem to be "trapped" in the colonial and apartheid era, i.e., of selecting and elevating one dialect over others to represent a language. Since 1994, the year of the dawn of a democratic dispensation in South Africa, this process has proceeded at a snail's pace. In this study, a qualitative, ethnographic approach was adopted, and data were collected through telephonic interviews, where six participants were purposefully and conveniently sampled. The findings of this study may benefit speakers of Tshivenḓa, Mandende, Mudau, Ndhobela, Sebola Decolonial (re)clamations of my Tshimanda, my identity, my language 197 lexicographers, terminographers, and all language practitioners, teachers, and learners. When people value their language and heritage, use it often without prejudice or hesitancy, and practice their culture and traditions, their identity, history, dignity, and heritage become preserved. Tshivenḓa, at the official level, may have many lexical items in its endeavour to carry out its function as an official language in different domains.
... Örneklem büyüklüğü, çalışmanın nitel desende planlanması sebebi ile araştırma sürecinde netleştirilmiştir. Charmaz (2011), bir nitel araştırmanın en az 10 kişi ile yürütülmesini önerirken, bazı araştırmacılar ise en az 20-30 kişiden oluşması gerektiğini ifade etmektedir (Creswell, 2013;West, 2001). Alanyazın, ideal bir örneklem büyüklüğü için bilgilerin doyuma ulaşmasıyla oluşan tekrarlanma döngüsüne ulaşılmasına dikkat çekmektedir (Onwuegbuzie & Collins, 2007). ...
Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak dil ve konuşma terapistlerinin (DKT) hizmet sunumlarında aile katılımını sağlamaya yönelik görüşleri, uygulamaları, beklentileri ve önerileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmaya 15 DKT katılmış ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme metoduyla veri toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Veri analizinin tutarlılığının sağlanması için veriler araştırmacılar dışında başka bir alan uzmanı tarafından analiz edilmiştir. DKT’lerin aile katılımı hakkındaki görüşleri, uygulamaları, beklentileri ve önerileri olmak üzere 4 ana tema belirlenmiştir. Uygulamalar teması yaygın klinik uygulamalar ve farklı vaka gruplarında uygulamalar olmak üzere 2 ana kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Yaygın klinik uygulamalar kategorisi; seans sonu aile görüşmesi, aileleri seansın bir bölümüne dahil etme, aileleri seansın tamamına dahil etme ve ailelerin seansı izlemesini sağlama olmak üzere 4 alt kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Farklı vaka gruplarında uygulamalar kategorisi ise konuşma sesi bozuklukları (KSB), dil bozuklukları (DB), nörojenik edinilmiş dil bozuklukları (NEDB) ve akıcılık bozuklukları (AB) olmak üzere 4 alt kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan tüm DKT’ler tarafından ailenin önemi vurgulanmasına karşılık, klinik uygulamalarda bu katılımın her zaman sağlanamadığı belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların tamamı, aile katılımının hedeflenilen şekilde sağlanamamasının nedenleri konusunda en büyük engelin ailelerle ilişkili engeller olduğundan bahsetmiştir. Ancak katılımcıların farklı sorulara vermiş oldukları farklı cevaplar aslında DKT’lerin her ne kadar kendilerini ailelere yol gösterici bir rehber gibi tanımlıyor olsalar da, uygulamalarında kendilerini sadece danışanlarına hizmet sunmakla yükümlü olarak gördükleri yönündeki bakış açısını yansıtmaktadır.
... Initial codes and patterns were searched and analyzed by the principal researcher and coded using MAXQDA, which is a content analysis package with a useful interpretive style (Elo & Kyngäs, 2008;Kuş Saillard, 2011). The conceptualization of the data was conducted following an inductive approach with codes derived directly from the data (Charmaz, 2011 . All codes were evaluated and discussed with the researchers (author 1, 2 and 3) and refined until consensus was reached. ...
... El enfoque de este estudio es de tipo cualitativo, consiste en una serie de prácticas interpretativas que hacen el mundo visible, y por tanto, requiere del uso de diferentes formas de acercarse a la realidad (Moral, 2016). El estudio se abordó desde la mirada del construccionismo social, que considera que el conocimiento se construye colectivamente y por ello los significados no están presentes de forma exclusiva y aislada en los individuos, sino en la interrelación de estos con otros sujetos de la comunidad (Charmaz, 2011). El alcance es descriptivo y el diseño corresponde a un estudio de caso que analiza en profundidad una o varias unidades de un contexto específico, de forma sistemática y holística (Hernández et al., 2016). ...
In the last decades, Chile has been searching for greater inclusion in the educational system. This study analyzes the implementation of the psycho-pedagogical evaluation model in Special Education policies in Chile since the enactment of Decree 170 of the Ministry of Education, aiming to identify the tensions between educational policy and the phenomena of school inclusion-exclusion affecting the population with Special Educational Needs (SEN) and Disability to disentangle its mechanisms. The methodology, of qualitative approach, descriptive scope and case study, applies focus group techniques and in-depth interviews to professionals of schools with school integration programs (PIE) belonging to the municipal education administration of Puerto Montt (Chile). The main results show the hybridization between the inclusive paradigm and the access mechanisms proposed in this decree, showing a gap between the policy's definition and the actions carried out for the fulfillment of these objectives. It is discussed the need to redefine the educational policy in this field, creating an inclusive educational structure that goes beyond the existence of a targeted program for a specific population.
... I followed a quite open interview schedule and, using the grounded theory method, adjusted my questions as the study went along. The grounded theory method is an inductive way of researching which allows the researcherwho might have an initial hypothesis or expectation of the potential outcomesto leave ample space for the interviewees, guiding them in the process (Charmaz 2011). In my case this resulted in developing an initial interest in how the interviewees managed the relationship with their former partner. ...
... This study was conducted using a constructivist grounded theory approach (Charmaz, 2006), which challenges the researcher to recognize the complexities of specific cultures, worlds, perspectives, and actions paired with their own worldview (Charmaz, 2011). Constructivist grounded theory leverages the tools of grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 2017) within a constructivist paradigm that is frequently used in education research (Mills et al., 2006), and can also be applied to generate inducted insights applicable to organization-based perspectives, such as that of the entrepreneurial university. ...
Entrepreneurship education has long been framed as a crucial component of the entrepreneurial university and its corresponding economic impact. The predominantly commercial focus of academic entrepreneurship, however, potentially limits theorizing about how academic units not otherwise involved in entrepreneurship contribute to the entrepreneurial university. Following recent calls for scholars to conceptualize transversal approaches to entrepreneurship education, this paper examines the design and delivery of lean social launch (LSL), a socially oriented derivative of the emerging lean launch method. We find that by broadening the context in which opportunities are identified and value is created, LSL attracts individuals who might not otherwise participate in entrepreneurial activities. Further, LSL provides participants with pathways to social and commercial value creation and serves as a venue for socially focused entrepreneurial identity play, an important antecedent to entrepreneurial behavior. Implications for the conceptualization of the entrepreneurial university and its policy and programmatic supports are explored.
... Aynı zamanda kendi anlayışlarının ve dil kullanımlarının katılımcılar ve verilerle etkileşimlerinin, veri parçalarının neye işaret ettiğinin farkındadırlar. Charmaz (2011), Şekil 2'deki gibi birincil döngü yani başlangıç kodlama aşamasında araştırmacıları, mümkün olduğunca eylemleri korumak için başlangıç kodlama olarak satır satır kodlamayı teşvik etmektedir. Satır satır kodlama yorucu olması yanı sıra katılımcıların yaşadıklarının anlamlandırılmasına ve detaylı kavramlar oluşturmaya yardımcı olurken uluslararası çeviri sürecinin akışını kolaylaştırmaktadır (Charmaz, 2014b). ...
Grounded teori (GT) hem eylemin hem de değişimin tanımlanması, anlaşılması ve analiz edilmesi, teorik geliştirme ve soyutlama yoluyla genelleme yapabilmesi aynı zamanda yararlı ve geniş bir uygulama alanı bulan sistematik bir yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bilimsel bilginin ilerleyici, kümülatif, toplumsal, nesnel, dinamik, geçici özellikleriyle 1967 yılından bugüne farklı türlerde evrimsel bir süreç geçiren GT’ye olan ilgi uluslararası anlamda sürekli artmaktadır. Özellikle sosyoloji, çevre çalışmaları, uluslararası politika ve siyaset, hemşirelik, psikoloji, eğitim, işletme, toplumsal cinsiyet, şehir planlama, yazılım geliştirme, ceza adaleti, sosyal hizmet, ırk ve etnik köken, inşaat yönetimi, mühendislik eğitimi ve turizm gibi birçok farklı alanda çalışmaların olduğu görülmektedir. Aynı şekilde Türkiye’de GT’ye olan ilgi sınırlı da olsa hemşirelik, temel eğitim, yüksek eğitim ve yönetim alanlarında artma eğilimdedir. Ancak GT’nin sahip olduğu güçlü niteliksel özelliklerin özellikle ulusal yayınlarda işlenmediği görülmektedir. Araştırmacıların GT özelinde yapacakları çalışmalarda hem ulusal hem de uluslararası daha nitelikli bilimsel çıktılara ulaşılması bilim insanları, editörler, hakemler tarafından hedeflenmelidir. Bu anlamda çalışmada, Kathy Charmaz’ın pragmatik konstrüktivist bakış açısıyla GT kullanımı adına yol haritası önerisi amaçlanmaktadır. Önerilen yol haritası 12 adımlı olup her adımda detaylı içerikler ve araştırmacıların, editörlerin ve hakemlerin nitelikli GT çalışmaları adına sormaları gereken sorular yer almaktadır.
... Grounded Theory, originating in 1960s, has evolved three main versions as objectivist, post-positivist and constructivist (Charmaz, 2011), with different ontologies and their related research methods (Matteucci & Gnoth, 2017). A choice among these approaches is necessary that is a good fit with the research questions and the nature of the object being investigated (Stumpf et al., 2016;Wiesche et al., 2017). ...
While home-based digital leisure has developed rapidly, the need for out-of-home recreation is re-affirmed during the global pandemic. Commercial public space, one type of common leisure place, witnessed obvious recovery post-pandemic in China. To understand why people determine to go to commercial places for recreation when medical authorities advise self-isolation, we conducted an analysis of telephone interviews with 26 young people based on Grounded Theory to construct a theory centered on “altering daily experience,” with another four categories of condition, out-of-home recreation motives, commercial public space characteristics and constraints. Results indicate that the merits of commercial public space offer an easy choice to overcome constraints to alter daily experience, and to fulfill out-of-home recreation motives. Motives are generated from the living condition and external stimuli. The research reveals the necessity of out-of-home recreation and bolsters a renewed effort to support life in urban public space of quality and suitability.
Purpose
This research explores the intricate relationship between fashion, identity and religion in Muslim hijabi fashion. More specifically, it examines the impact of global brands’ inclusion of Muslim veiled females in their fashion lines.
Design/methodology/approach
Employing a qualitative approach, the research involved 20 in-depth interviews with Muslim women who wear hijab and those who dress modestly without it. Participants were chosen through judgemental sampling, focusing on individuals interested in fashion and brand trends. The study investigated perceptions of brand strategies, the role of influencers and consumer responses within this context.
Findings
The research suggests consumers have different viewpoints about these brands that are compliant with hijabi fashion. This incorporation benefits Muslim women by enhancing their status and recognition, hence fostering the growth of the Muslim fashion industry. In Western society, it promotes a sense of belonging and individuality. Certain individuals see the exploitation of their religious affiliation for financial gain, thereby raising doubts about these companies’ comprehension of Islamic modesty. This has engendered a sense of distrust and suspicion.
Originality/value
This research illuminates the intricate connection between religion, fashion and market dynamics in the realm of Muslim hijabi fashion. This paper explores the multifaceted responses of Muslim women to the marketing methods used by global fashion designers, which include a delicate balance between cultural representation and commercial exploitation. The results shed light on the ways in which fashion both empowers and creates divisions among religious and cultural groups.
While the role of teams in leading transformations within academia is increasingly recognized, few studies have analyzed how teams form. Understanding the processes of interdisciplinary team formation within higher education will allow leaders to intentionally bring together individuals and form teams with higher likelihoods of success. In this study, we examine the early stages of change team formation within higher education, specifically looking at the two interconnected processes of search and selection, and we explore how a community of practice influences these processes through situated learning. Our longitudinal qualitative analysis demonstrates how teams form and transform over time, from the initial search process for team members to the factors that informed the initial and ongoing selection of team members. We find that a community of practice influenced these processes by shaping how teams understood their instrumental needs and how members understood their role within interdisciplinary teams. Finally, we examine a correlation between leadership structure and team member turnover, finding that a centralized leadership structure that lacks a vision for change shared among team members may drive turnover. The results provide insights into the dynamic nature of change team formation within academia.
Araştırmanın amacı, akademisyenlerin kendini gerçekleştiren kehanete ilişkin izlenimlerini detayları ile ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın deseni olgu bilim olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesinde çalışan ve kasıtlı örneklem tekniği ile seçilen on beş akademisyen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada iki adet ölçek kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklerden ilki demografi ölçeğidir. Diğer ölçek ise, Rao ve Sharma tarafından 2016 yılında geliştirilen Kendini Gerçekleştiren Kehanet ölçeğidir. Araştırmadaki veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanarak nitel içerik analiz yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları sekiz tema şeklinde ortaya koyulmuştur. Bulgulanan temalar arasında; sorumluluk ve performans bilinci, bireysel kapasite öz yeterlilik ve performansa dayalı liyakat, öğrenmeye açık olma ve kendini geliştirme arzusu, işsizlik ve amaç noksanlığı, nepotizm, akademisyen olma arzusu, şımarma ihtimali ve yaş yer almaktadır. En fazla bulgulanan temaların sorumluluk ve performans bilinci ile bireysel kapasite öz yeterlilik ve performansa dayalı liyakat, en az bulgulanan temanın ise akademisyen olma isteği olması çalışmanın bulgularından bazılarıdır. Araştırma bulgularının alan yazınına ve ilgili sektörlere katkı sunması ümit edilmektedir.
Objective(s)
This study aimed to identify the key elements and develop a formation mechanism model of quality geriatric care behavior for nursing assistants.
Methods
This qualitative research employed the strategy of grounded theory proposed by Strauss and Corbin. Furthermore, the data was collected by participatory observation and semi-structured interviews. A total of 12 nursing managers, 63 nursing assistants, and 36 older people from 9 nursing homes in 6 cities were interviewed, whereas for the observatory survey, participants were recruited from 2 nursing homes.
Results
The comparative and analysis process revealed 5 key elements of quality geriatric care behavior, including holistic care, personalized care, respect, positive interaction, and empowerment. Based on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model, key elements and the 3 stages of quality geriatric care behavior (negative behavior cognition stage, practice exchange run-in stage, and positive behavior reinforcement stage), the theoretical framework of the formation mechanism was established.
Conclusion
The results indicated that nursing assistants’ capabilities, motivation, and organizational and environmental support are vital for quality care behaviors. The theoretical framework established in this study provides theoretical support and practical reference to policymakers, institutional administrators, and healthcare professionals for improving nursing assistant’s care behaviors.
In the U.S., navigating STEM with marginalized identities can affect scientists' communication practices. There is a critical need for science communication training that accounts for the historical oppressions, discriminations, and inequities of marginalized communities. In this paper we analyzed 712 participant responses from ReclaimingSTEM science communication workshops to understand how marginalized scientists' identities influence their science communication practices. We found that participants' experiences of exclusion and hostility in STEM spaces influenced their engagement in science communication. Scientists from marginalized backgrounds aim to change the culture of STEM through their communication efforts to promote a sense of belonging for their communities.
While the concept of "coming out" is relatively well-critiqued, few of these critiques trouble the way a near exclusive focus on disclosure positions sexuality as an essential identity. Based on life history interviews with 18 lesbian, pansexual, and queer women elders (ages 65+), I find coming out did not describe disclosing or even acknowledging same-gender desire, but, rather, choosing to act on it. For participants, coming out is the process of forming desire into a coherent identity (lesbian woman), a process that required continued interactions with lesbian existence; contrary to essentialist understandings, desire alone did not enable participants to become lesbians. In this article, I describe the two paths participants followed while becoming lesbians and consider how the historical context in which participants came out, specifically the second wave feminist movement, uniquely facilitated coming out for white women. Ultimately, I argue lesbian sexuality is a richly constructed social identity formed in community and defined by resistance to compulsory heterosexuality. By viewing sexual identity as based on shared political commitments formed in community, this article both corrects an essentializing tendency in the coming out literature and offers a potential point of repair between older and younger generations of lesbians.
Home care workers (HCWs) are professionals who provide care to older adults and people with disabilities at home. However, HCWs are vulnerable and especially susceptible to wage theft, or not being paid their legally-entitled wages in full by their employers. Prior work has examined other low-wage work settings to show how technology is designed and deployed has the potential to both cause and address wage theft. We extend this work by examining the relationship between technology and wage theft in the home care context. We collaborated closely with a local grassroots organization to conduct interviews with workers and labor, legal, and payroll experts. We uncovered how the complex, volatile, and diverse nature of home care complicates the errors in time-tracking systems. Through design provocations and focus groups with workers and experts, we also investigated the potential of technology as a part of broader efforts to curb wage theft through educating and empowering isolated HCWs. While we found that approachable design could reduce errors in existing systems, make employer processes more transparent, and help workers exchange knowledge to build collective power, we also discuss concerns around burden, privacy, and accountability when designing technologies for HCWs and other low-wage workers.
In recent years, the number of public opinion risks related to sudden transboundary drought events has continued to increase. Research on the perception of public opinion risks has become an indispensable and increasingly important part of emergency management research in transboundary watersheds. Based on relevant literature and interview materials, an exploratory theoretical construction was conducted using the grounded theory research method. The research results indicate that four main categories of public opinion risks, namely, political, economic, ecological and environmental, and socio-cultural, have a significant impact on the perception of public opinion risks among decision-makers in transboundary watershed emergency water supply. The formation mechanisms of decision-makers’ perception of public opinion risks vary in each of these four categories. This research not only enriches the relevant research on the influencing factors of decision-makers’ perception of public opinion risks in theory but also provides decision-making reference and guidance for transboundary watershed water resource management in practice.
This study utilized a Grounded Theory approach to explore reading strategies employed by EFL participants in various reading tasks. The research design involved the use of reading tasks, think-aloud protocols, and note-taking as data sources. The collected data underwent rigorous coding procedures, leading to the iterative data analysis process. Through this analysis, the study generated the "Adaptive Reading Strategy Framework," which encompasses strategies aimed at enhancing reading efficiency, metacognitive awareness, comprehension, and strategic reading. The framework emphasizes the deliberate selection and adaptation of specific techniques based on individual strengths and weaknesses. The research findings shed light on the intentional utilization of reading strategies and their impact on cognitive flexibility. By actively engaging in metacognitive processes and employing diverse reading strategies, learners can optimize their reading outcomes across different contexts. The Adaptive Reading Strategy Framework contributes to the understanding of effective reading practices and provides guidance for educators and learners seeking to improve reading proficiency.
Public debates on academic freedom have become increasingly contentious, and understandings of what it is and its purposes are contested within the academy, policymakers and the general public. Drawing on rich empirical interview data, this book critically examines the understudied relationship between academic freedom and its role in knowledge production across four country contexts - Lebanon, the UAE, the UK and the US - through the lived experiences of academics conducting 'controversial' research. It provides an empirically-informed transnational theory of academic freedom, contesting the predominantly national constructions of academic freedom and knowledge production and the methodological nationalism of the field. It is essential reading for academics and students of the sociology of education, as well as anyone interested in this topic of global public concern. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the voices of college-level literacy tutors as they come to understan d their work with less literate adults. The design of th is inquiry b egan within th e phenomen ological traditions of sym bolic interactionism (Blumer, 1969). Q ualitative data gathered included ®eld notes, interview tran scrip ts, and student journals. Initial analysis resulted in categories that represented concrete aspects of the tutoring experience. Analysis also revealed that a large part of tutors' attention was spent in considerin g their own position relative to those with wh om they worked : d iscovering how they learned best as a base for considering the learning of others, negotiating an edu cational role with adu lt learners, an d identifying th eir place in th e world of educationaì`educationaì`haves '' and``and`` have-nots. '' Some of the tutors' words suggested an awakening to inequities throughout the educational system , which pu sh ed the an alysis into a m ore interpretive arena (D enzin, 1989 ; Schwandt, 1994). Initial categories were reconsidered to develop a larger cultural representation of tu tor success and literacy. Students' interp retations were further contrasted with the th eories of critical pedagogues and with education al practice, both in literacy education sites and in u niversity classrooms. Suggestions are made as to why there is a lack of connection betw een critical theories and practice at the levels of both b asic and higher education.
Grounded theory and participatory action research methods are distinct approaches to qualitative inquiry. Although grounded theory has been conceptualized in constructivist terms, it has elements of positivist thinking with an image of neutral search for objective truth through rigorous data collection and analysis. Participatory action research is based on a critique of this image and calls for more inclusive research processes. It questions the possibility of objective social sciences and aspires to engage people actively in all stages of generating knowledge. The authors applied both approaches in a project designed to explore the experiences of female survivors of childhood sexual abuse with physical therapy and subsequently develop a handbook on sensitive practice for clinicians that takes into consideration the needs and perspectives of these clients. Building on this experience, they argue that the integration of grounded theory and participatory action research can empower clients to inform professional practice.
The multifaceted work of the late Susan Leigh Star is explored through a selection of her writings and essays by friends and colleagues.
Susan Leigh Star (1954–2010) was one of the most influential science studies scholars of the last several decades. In her work, Star highlighted the messy practices of discovering science, asking hard questions about the marginalizing as well as the liberating powers of science and technology. In the landmark work Sorting Things Out, Star and Geoffrey Bowker revealed the social and ethical histories that are deeply embedded in classification systems. Star's most celebrated concept was the notion of boundary objects: representational forms—things or theories—that can be shared between different communities, with each holding its own understanding of the representation.
Unfortunately, Leigh was unable to complete a work on the poetics of infrastructure that further developed the full range of her work. This volume collects articles by Star that set out some of her thinking on boundary objects, marginality, and infrastructure, together with essays by friends and colleagues from a range of disciplines—from philosophy of science to organization science—that testify to the wide-ranging influence of Star's work.
ContributorsEllen Balka, Eevi E. Beck, Dick Boland, Geoffrey C. Bowker, Janet Ceja Alcalá, Adele E. Clarke, Les Gasser, James R. Griesemer, Gail Hornstein, John Leslie King, Cheris Kramarae, Maria Puig de la Bellacasa, Karen Ruhleder, Kjeld Schmidt, Brian Cantwell Smith, Susan Leigh Star, Anselm L. Strauss, Jane Summerton, Stefan Timmermans, Helen Verran, Nina Wakeford, Jutta Weber
This article is concerned with the possibility that the development of mixed methods research is being hindered by the tendency that has been observed by some researchers for quantitative and qualitative findings either not to be integrated or to be integrated to only a limited extent. It examines findings from 20 interviews with U.K. social researchers, all of whom are practitioners of mixed methods research. From these interviews, a wide variety of possible barriers to integrating mixed methods findings are presented. The article goes on to suggest that more attention needs to be given to the writing of mixed methods articles.
To address how, when, and to what extent experiencing chronic illness assaults people’s lifeworlds, social scientists need to consider class and context as well as the relative intrusiveness of illness and effects on identity. Certainly the notion of assaults on the lifeworld suggests loss, suffering and a diminished quality of life. Assaults on the lifeworld through experiencing chronic illness in Western middle- and upper-class cultures mean loss of one’s taken-for-granted world (Berger and Luckmann, 1966; Schutz, 1970). The known world has become deeply problematic and unpredictable. In this case, assaults on the lifeworld become assaults on self and identity (Ciambrone, 2007). Assaults on the lifeworld among impoverished people can mean a relentless barrage of calamity and misfortune that chronic illness exacerbates (see, for example, Abraham, 1993; Pierret, 2007; Scheper-Hughes, 1992). A stable taken-for-granted world was never theirs to enjoy. Assaults on the lifeworld have permeated their existence. Thus, the vicissitudes of chronic illness may be blurred by overwhelming hardships of everyday life.
I deliberate firstly the primacy of grounded theory as a methodology and secondly the primacy of grounded theory coding as a method in deciding on CAQDAS use in my research. In the first section of this paper, I weigh the extent to which my research draws and departs from the principles and practices of grounded theory methodology (GTM). In examining the impact of cultures and religions on women's human rights in Malaysia I have used for example hypothesis-guided criteria for sampling. This is strictly speaking not in the original sense a grounded theory approach. In the paper, I make transparent the extent to which GTM has informed my work in enhancing the qualitative research and in highlighting the uses and limits of GTM, I pose the question to what extent have I demystified its paradigmatic status in CAQDAS and its homogenising effects. In the second section, I discuss the dominance of coding in qualitative data analysis and I argue that the pitfall of reifying coding as analyses can be avoided through a researcher's reflexivity and agency (self-determination) combined with a pragmatic view and the use of codes as a means and not as an end, essentially, grounded theory coding. I discuss whether CAQDAS use as a tool facilitates the rigour of GTM and the transparency of grounded theory coding as method as manifested in one's audit trail, and whether this in turn constitute research that is more accountable, innovative and effective.
Grounded theory is an analytic method for constructing theories from inductive qualitative data. Data collection and analysis inform each other in an iterative process as researchers successively make their ideas more abstract. This article: (1) discusses the history and contested development of grounded theory from its original statement by sociologists Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss to the present; (2) describes the epistemological implications of the recent constructivist revision of grounded theory; (3) compares constructivist and positivist forms of grounded theory; (4) outlines major grounded theory strategies of coding, memo-writing, and theoretical sampling; and (5) suggests future directions of the method.
In Be Not Deceived, Michelle Wolkomir explores the difficult dilemma that gay Christians face in their attempts to reconcile their religious and sexual identities. She introduces the ideologies and practices of two alternative and competing ministries that offer solutions for Christians who experience homosexual desire. One organization-the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches-believes that God made people gay to suit divine purposes. In contrast, Exodus International preaches that homosexuality is a sin and a symptom of disordered psychological development-one that can be cured through redemptive prayer. Through careful analysis of the groups' ideologies, interactions, and symbolic resources, Be Not Deceived goes far beyond the obvious differences between the ministries to uncover their similarities, namely that both continue to define heterosexuality as the normative and dominant lifestyle.
Responding to the growing gap between the sociological ethos and the world we study, the challenge of public sociology is to engage multiple publics in multiple ways. These public sociologies should not be left out in the cold, but brought into the framework of our discipline. In this way we make public sociology a visible and legitimate enterprise, and, thereby, invigorate the discipline as a whole. Accordingly, if we map out the division of sociological labor, we discover antagonistic interdependence among four types of knowledge: professional, critical, policy, and public. In the best of all worlds the flourishing of each type of sociology is a condition for the flourishing of all, but they can just as easily assume pathological forms or become victims of exclusion and subordination. This field of power beckons us to explore the relations among the four types of sociology as they vary historically and nationally, and as they provide the template for divergent individual careers. Finally, comparing disciplines points to the umbilical chord that connects sociology to the world of publics, underlining sociology's particular investment in the defense of civil society, itself beleaguered by the encroachment of markets and states.
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In this compendium of related and cross-referential essays, David R. Maines draws from pragmatist/symbolic interactionist assumptions to formulate a consistent new view of the entire field of sociology. Suitable for courses in social theory, qualitative methods, social psychology, and narrative inquiry, this volume will change the way the general public looks at interpretive sociology. This book is organized as an expression of the centrality of interactionism to general sociology. Each chapter is designed to articulate this view of the field. Symbolic interactionism, the way Maines has come to understand and use it, is essentially the concerted application of pragmatist principles of philosophy to social inquiry. There are four basic elements to this characterization. First, people transform themselves: people are self-aware beings who reflexively form their conduct and thus are capable of adjusting their lines of action and creating new ones. Second, people transform their social worlds: human action takes place in contexts of situations and social worlds. People can modify the social matrices in which they act, and thus people are agents of change. Third, people engage in social dialogue: communication is generic and is at the heart of both stability and change. A fourth element is that people respond to and deal with their transformations. Humans construct situations and societies; they establish social structures and cultures. These are the consequences of human action, and once formed they reflexively function to direct and channel conduct. Maines argues that when people do things together they can create enduring group formations, such as divisions of labor, rules for inheritance, wage-labor relations, or ideologies. These are instances of group characteristics that influence human conduct and indeed are not reducible to the traits of individuals making up the group or society.
The study of inequality has been largely defined as the study of its measurable extent, degree, and consequences. It is no
less important, however, to understand the interactive processes through which inequalities are created and reproduced in
concrete settings. The qualitative research that bears on understanding these processes has not yet been consolidated, and
thus its theoretical value remains unrealized. In this article we inductively derive from the literature a sensitizing theory
of the generic processes through which inequality is reproduced. The major processes that we identify are othering, subordinate
adaptation, boundary maintenance, and emotion management. We argue that conceiving the reproduction of inequality in terms
of these generic processes can resolve theoretical problems concerning the connection between local action and extralocal
inequalities, and concerning the nature of inequality itself.
It is now possible for physicians to recognize that a pregnant woman's foetus is facing life-threatening problems, perform surgery on the foetus, and if it survives, return it to the woman's uterus to finish gestation. Although foetal surgery has existed in various forms for three decades, it is only just beginning to capture the public's imagination. These still largely experimental procedures raise all types of medical, political and ethical questions. Who is the patient? What are the technical difficulties involved in foetal surgery? How do reproductive politics seep into the operating room, and how do medical definitions and meanings flow out of medicine and into other social spheres? How are ethical issues defined in this practice and who defines them? Is foetal surgery the kind of medicine we want? What is involved in reframing foetal surgery as a women's health issue, rather than simply a paediatric concern? In this ethnographic study of the social, cultural and historical aspects of foetal surgery, Monica Casper addresses these questions. ""The Making of the Unborn Patient"" examines two important and connected events of the second half of the 20th century: the emergence of foetal surgery as a new medical specialty and the debut of the unborn patient. Drawing on a wide range of sources, Casper shows how biomedical work has intersected with reproductive politics for three decades to generate new cultural meanings of foetuses, women and medicine itself. Since its inception, foetal surgery has been controversial both inside and outside of medicine precisely because it transgresses a number of boundaries, challenging our most cherished assumptions about pregnancy, maternal sacrifice, foetal life and death, and the limits of technology. Like many other medical innovations, especially those at the beginnings and ends of human life, foetal surgery is proceeding rapidly but without careful reflection about what it means and without public debate about its consequences. Foetal surgery is risky, expensive and fraught with peril for both women and their foetuses. This book offers a critical social and cultural analysis of this nascent yet significant innovation in biomedicine. Analyzing original data, Casper explores early foetal surgery efforts and the emergence of the unborn patient in the 1960s. She examines several related practices, including foetal physiology, diagnostic technologies, animal experimentation, and foetal wound healing research, and the ways in which they have shaped foetal surgery. She presents ethnographic data collected at one of the premier US foetal treatment facilities, offering a behind-the-scenes look at the various kinds of work involved in operating on human foetuses. She also examines the many ethical dilemmas involved in research on human subjects in experimental foetal surgery. Perhaps most significantly, the book draws attention to the many ways in which foetal surgery affects women's health.
This study focuses on situational processes associated with dating partner violence among adolescent Mexican American females in an economically disadvantaged community. Using qualitative data generated from a specific question in a life history instrument, the questionnaire was administered to 150 high-risk Mexican American gang-affiliated female respondents (ages 147–18). To generate the analysis, the data were coded using the constructs of precursor, instigation, and violent confrontation. Identified as the precursors of these confrontations were jealousy, control and disrespect. The findings demonstrate how situational processes in dating violence are framed by gender and social structural inequality. These micro-level processes are important in that they suggest mechanisms and properties that can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of violence as it relates to the situational context and individual behavior.
This keynote address looks at marginalization in two realms: chronic illness and qualitative research. It conceptualizes marginalization through examining stories about experiencing chronic illness. Marginalization means boundaries or barriers, distance or separation, and division or difference. Marginalization assumes a core of enacted rules and measures that frame the social lives and subjective realities of those who do not fit. Being marginalized causes suffering but can transform stigmatized people and qualitative researchers. Qualitative psychologists can embrace the freedom their marginalization allows and construct a separate community that ultimately moves inquiry away from established margins. The address ends with ideas for increasing the transformative power of qualitative research.