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Electronic control unit (ECU)
Abstract
Digital technology furnishes an extensive array of options for open and closed-loop control of automotive electronic systems. A large number of parameters can be included in the process to support optimal operation of various systems. After receiving the electric signals transmitted by the sensors, the ECU processes these data in order to generate control signals for the actuators. The software program for closed-loop control is stored in the ECU’s memory. The program is executed by a microcontroller. The ECU and its components are referred to as hardware. The Motronic ECU contains all of the algorithms for open and closed-loop control needed to govern the engine-management processes (ignition, induction and mixture formation, etc.).
... The future 5G technology [2] produces the capability of fast data transfer but is yet to be standardized in the future. The STCS system will be provided with a web service to control exchanging the data and the data processing, to keep the connection available between the vehicles through the mobile devices that are connected directly to the vehicle's computer (ECU) [3] to intervene at the right time to prevent any upcoming road accidents. Usually, providing more safety to the drivers by such systems revolves around reducing the delay between an emergency event and the moment at which the drivers around should be notified to react. ...
... The ECU is simply defined as the vehicle computer or computers that are responsible for managing the activities in the vehicle and collect data from the sensors in the vehicle and analyze it to tune the performance of the car and the engine [3]. One of the most important systems that is managed by the ECU is the braking system. ...
... Electronic control unit (ECU) berfungsi sebagai sirkuit elektronik utama pada sebuah mobil. ECU seperti yang diperlihatkan pada Gambar 2 berperan sebagai central controller atau jika pada komputer seperti central processing unit (CPU) yang mengendailkan fungsi hardware (Kaiser, 2015). Pada mobil, perangkat keras yang dikendalikan berupa aktuator yang bekerja menggantikan sistem mekanis seperti injektor, variable valve timing (VVT), electric fan, dan lainnya. ...
p>Makalah ini memaparkan perancangan kendali logika fuzzy pada sistem electronic control unit (ECU) air condition er mobil. Salah satu kendala pada ECU mobil adalah kerusakan pada sistem air conditio ner . Bila ini terjadi umumnya pengguna mobil mengganti sistem ECU secara keseluruhan. Namun pada makalah ini, penulis meracang sistem ECU yang secara khusus digunakan untuk sistem air conditioner mobil. Sistem yang dirancang menggunakan sensor DS18B20 waterproof untuk mendeteksi suhu evaporator mobil. Selanjutnya, nilai suhu tersebut digunakan sebagai masukan logika fuzzy yang terdiri dari pembacaan suhu sekarang dan suhu terakhir dalam mengatur kecepatan putar kipas motor DC atau fan exhausting dan waktu switching magnetic clutch compressor menyala. Hubungan relasi masukan fuzzy diselesaikan dengan aturan Mamdani dan keluaran dari logika fuzzy diselesaikan dengan metode weight average (WA). Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa kendali logika fuzzy yang diaplikasikan pada rancangan sistem air conditio ner mampu mengendalikan kecepatan fan exhausting secara halus dan responsif.
Abstract
This paper describes the design of fuzzy logic controls in the system of electronic control unit (ECU) of car air conditioner. One obstacle in the car ECU is damage to the air conditioner system. If this happens generally car users change the whole ECU system. But in this paper, the authors form the ECU system which is specifically used for car air conditioner systems. The system is designed using a DS18B20 waterproof sensor to detect the temperature of the car's evaporator. Furthermore, the temperature value is used as a fuzzy logic input consisting of reading the current temperature and the last temperature in adjusting the rotating speed of the DC motor fan or exhausting fan and when the switching magnetic clutch compressor is on. Completion of fuzzy input relations is solved using Mamdani rules and the output of fuzzy logic is solved using the weight average (WA) method. From the test results it was found that the fuzzy logic control applied to the design of the air conditioner system was able to control the speed of the exhausting fan in a smooth and responsive manner.
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... Usually, ECUs need to perform their tasks mostly close to vehicle engine. They need to work under extreme conditions, low and high temperatures (from -40°C to 120°C), extreme temperature variations, vibrations, and under fluids (water, fuel, oil, etc.) [1] . Some ECUs are safety related, and their software and hardware design needs to ensure expected functionality with a very high probability. ...
In this paper, we suggest a method for implementing a simple software signal generator for testing automotive applications. The goal is to replace expensive hardware signal generator with the software tool. This software solution reduces dependencies in using specialized hardware signal generators or real time system during the development and testing. Hardware solution requires additional software for the configuration, wiring and setting up simulation with software tools to be fulfilled. Bypassing the hardware solution, there is much more simplified environment, where the data is exchanged in loop-back.
... The actuator of the ADC system is similar to that of Electronics Stability Control (ESC). It is called an Electronic and Hydraulic Control Unit (EHCU), which is composed of two main parts, namely, the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) [30] and Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU) [31], as is shown in Figure 3. The proposed controller is run on the embedded chip of the ECU we designed and ECU executes the instruction of the duty of pump and solenoid valves to control HCU. ...
Unified brake service is a universal service for generating certain brake force to meet the demand deceleration and is essential for an automated driving system. However, it is rather difficult to control the pressure in the wheel cylinders to reach the target deceleration of the automated vehicle, which is the key issue of the active deceleration control system (ADC). This paper proposes a hierarchical control method to actively control vehicle deceleration with active-brake actuators. In the upper hierarchical, the target pressure of wheel cylinders is obtained by dynamic equations of a pure electric vehicle. In the lower hierarchical, the solenoid valve instructions and the pump speed of hydraulic control unit (HCU) are determined to satisfy the desired pressure with the feedback of measured wheel cylinder pressure by pressure sensors. Results of road experiments of a pure electric and automated vehicle indicate that the proposed method realizes the target deceleration accurately and efficiently.
The development of electric vehicles (EVs) has been incremental because EVs satisfy a significant demand for energy sources. Electronic control unit (ECU) is an important component that processes the electric signals received from various sensors for generating the control signals for the actuators. Automotive control systems were initially operated manually throughout the automotive revolution based on the responses of input signals received from ECUs and drivers. Most of the functions in EV are controlled by the ECU and every ECU consumes power at all times even if it is not in use. The larger power consumption of passive ECUs like adaptive lighting systems (ALS), automatic wiper systems (AWS) brake light systems (BLS), etc., affect the life of ECUs and the range of EVs. This article is primarily concerned with limiting power consumption by switching the power supply to the passive ECUs based on their requirements. Hence, to achieve the objective, the intelligent zone (i-zone) based master ECU is triggered to activate the slave ECUs. Designing suites including Proteus and KiCAD were used for designing the circuits including master as well as slave ECU. This prototype is built using three secondary ECUs such as ALS & AWS and BLS which are controlled using i-zone-based master ECU. The performance of this implemented design is evaluated, and it is discovered that almost 40% of the battery consumption is reduced. This i-zone-based master ECU and all its slave ECUs manage power while ensuring the safety and reliability of EVs.
In the environment of self-driving vehicles, enabling a vehicle to communicate with surrounding infrastructure (V2I) and other vehicles (V2V) increases transportation efficiency and vehicle safety. Using only the vehicle sensors to perceive the environment is however not sufficient.
To enable V2V and V2I, many concerns have to be under consideration, principally, safety, security, reliability, etc. Safety and security are the main concern of this thesis.
An efficient authentication mechanism between vehicles and surrounding infrastructures is a requirement for ensuring safe and secure V2X communication. Such efficient authentication mechanism should satisfy certain properties like 1) in-field management (at running time), 2) lightweight protocols, 3) scalable management.
In this thesis, a perusal of the state-of-the-art of proposed solutions is presented where the insufficiency in the state of the art will be uncovered. Since the lack of proper authentication mechanism gives rise to most of the security issues in V2X communication, this work aims to propose an authentication mechanism that combines two solutions in hand, namely the Secure Hardware Module (HSM) and the Secret Unknown Cipher (SUC). SUC will be used as an ID of the vehicle. Such an ID is a clone-resistance and non-replicable ID, which eliminate security attacks e.g. replication attack or Sybil attack. The needed protocols for V2X communication, which take the features of the SUC, are defined in this work.
Since authenticity is a cornerstone of any trust management system, our proposed authentication mechanism could be considered as a step toward establishing an efficient trust management module in the vehicle domain.
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