Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Chinesisches Spaltkörbchen, ist eine Schisandraceae (Sternanisgewächs), die als bewährte Heilpflanze der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin gilt. Die Früchte werden sowohl getrocknet als auch frisch verwendet und besitzen eine Monografie im Arzneibuch der Chinesischen Medizin. Sie enthalten neben den Vitaminen C und E ätherisches Öl sowie besonders in den Samen pharmakologisch aktive Lignane. Diese Verbindungen werden für eine stressprotektive Wirkung und die Steigerung der physischen und mentalen Leistungsfähigkeit verantwortlich gemacht. Weitere Wirkungen der Droge umfassen entzündungshemmende und leberprotektive Effekte. Die Pflanze (Vitafit-Beeren®) wird heute auch in Europa angebaut und die frischen Früchte werden als Obst gegessen oder zur Selbstmedikation genutzt.
Summary
Schisandra chinensis
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., five-flavor berry, belongs to the family of Schisandraceae and has a long tradition in Chinese medicine. The fresh and dried fruits were used and described in the current pharmacopoeia of Chinese medicine. Ingredients of the drug are vitamins C and E, essential oil and lignans found especially in the seeds. These compounds seem to be responsible for different pharmacological activities, like stress protection and the enhancement of physical and mental performance as well as anti-inflammatory and liver protective effects. The plant is currently cultivated also in Europe (Vitafit-Beeren®) and the fresh berries are used as fruits or for self-medication.
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... The most important ingredients of the drug are vitamins C and E, essential oil and lignans found especially in the seeds and these compounds are responsible for various pharmaceutical activities. 43 Choi et al. 44 found that phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis led to the isolation of 13 lignans including schisandrene (13), a new lignin based on a dibenzocyclooctadiene backbone with an exocyclic double bond. On the basis of their research, the structure-activity relationships of the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans showed that the exocyclic methylene functionality was essential for antioxidant activity. ...
Introduction: The aim of this review was to summarize the most important traditional and modern health benefits of Schisanda berry. Methods: We used PubMed, Science Direct and Google to search for and collect scientific publication for a full evaluation of current evidence in the literature indicating the potential role of Schisanda berry. Results: The traditional Chinese medicine (TCMs) is essential components of alternative medicines. Schisandra berry (Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Magnoliaceae) or Wu-Wei-Zi, which means the fruit of five tastes is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The five tastes of Schisandra berry refer to its influence on the five visceral organs in the body. It is one of the oldest medicinal plants used in East of Asia, especially traditional Chinese medicine. S. chinensis is mainly distributed in provinces in northern China including Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. S. chinensis can treat lung-Qi and kidney-Yin deficiencies, relieve coughs and asthma and stop persistent diarrhea. S. chinensis has been used to treat sleep disorder in traditional Chinese medicine and a tonic for kidney and brain in traditional Chinese medicine. Its extracts may apply as a preservative and as an additive to increase the flavor, taste and nutritional value of food. The five important components of S. chinensis are Schisandrol B, Schisandrin A, γ-Schisandrin, Gomisin N and Schisandrin C. Conclusion:
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December 2018 · Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs
Objective To comprehensively evaluate the Aucklandiae Radix quality by combining gray correlation method and FCM (Fuzzy C-Means) algorithm. Methods HPLC method was used to determine the content of costunolide and dehydrocostus, and the content of volatile oil was determined by steam distillation. The gray correlation method was used to sort the quality of Chinese herbal medicines, and the FCM
... [Show full abstract] algorithm was used to classify the quality of medicines. Results The average correlation degree of Aucklandiae Radix from different producing areas was: Yunnan > Guangdong > Guangxi > Hunan> Sichuan > Bozhou > Beijing > Hebei. FCM algorithm divided samples into three categories: Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi were in the high quality group; Hunan and Sichuan were in the medium quality group; Beijing, Bozhou, and Hebei were in the low quality group. Conclusion Constructing an integrated pattern recognition model system for evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials, and the fuzzy clustering algorithm was adopted for the first time in Aucklandiae Radix. The purpose of this study is to form a kind of research method of Aucklandiae Radix quality evaluation and provide a way to guide and apply the new methods of modern pattern recognition and data mining in the application of traditional Chinese medicine quality evaluation. © 2018, Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All right reserved. Read more June 2007 · Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Danggui is a popular traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herb, which has long been used clinically to treat primary dysmenorrhoea. In a recent study, we demonstrated that ligustilide (LIG), one of the main compounds of Danggui essential oil, has multiple effects on uterine smooth muscles and possesses a non-specific antispasmodic function, which suggests that LIG might play a major role in the
... [Show full abstract] therapeutic activity of Danggui in primary dysmenorrhoea. Since pain is the main syndrome of dysmenorrhea, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the analgesic activity of LIG in vivo. LIG was intra-gastrically administered to animals. We demonstrated for the first time that LIG could cause a significant dose-related reduction of acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced licking time in both the early and late phases. These results showed that LIG possessed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings plus the data we reported recently implied that LIG not only has an active dilatory effect on myometrium but also an effective role in reducing the neurogenic and inflammatory pain, thus having the potential to be developed into an effective drug for the treatment of various pain syndromes including primary dysmenorrhoea. Read more January 2015 · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
The safe use of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and products in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practice conventionally relies on the correct pharmacognostic identification, good agricultural and manufacturing practices based on pharmacopoeia standards, and rational/correct CMM combinations with TCM-guided clinical prescribing. These experience-based principles may not absolutely ensure safety
... [Show full abstract] without the careful toxicological investigations when compared to development of new pharmaceutical drugs. Clinically observed toxicity reports remain as the guidance for gathering toxicological evidence, though essential as pharmacovigilance, but is considered as late events for ensuring safety. The overview focuses on: global development of TCM that has affected conventional healthcare; examples of key toxic substances in CMM; reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) consequential to taking CMM and TCM products; and proposal on the rational approaches to integrate the knowledge of biomedical science and TCM practice principles for detecting early ADRs if both TCM products and orthodox drugs are involved. It is envisaged that good control on the quality and standards of CMM and proprietary Chinese medicines (PCM) can certainly reduce the incident of ADR in TCM practice when these medications are used. Read more
During the last two decades numerous natural compounds with novel structures and various biological activities have been isolated from Chinese traditional and herbal medicines. A new group of depsides with potent antioxidant activities and scavenging effects on free radicals, named salvianolic acids have been isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza and related plants. Lignans and triterpenic acids with
... [Show full abstract] various biological activities from Schisandra chinensis and related plants not only shed light on the therapeutic effects of these medicinal plants , it also led to the discovery and development of the antihepatitis drug DDB. Read more Article
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January 2018 · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering
Purposes: To sum up the characteristics of Chinese medicine with Sophora Japonica and provide reference for the research, development and utilization of the Chinese medicine of Sophora japonica in the future. Methods: The author sums up the forms, functions, indications, usage, dosage and contraindications of the proprietary Chinese medicine containing Sophora Japonica in the Chinese
... [Show full abstract] Pharmacopoeia and the Ministerial standards. In addition, we will inquire about the clinical application of proprietary Chinese medicine containing Sophora japonica in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Results: The proprietary Chinese medicine containing Sophora Japonica was widely used in the treatment of various diseases in clinic, but it was taken orally and without any external use of Chinese patent medicine. Moreover, in most of the proprietary Chinese medicine, Sophora japonica was used as a supplement; In addition, the causes of adverse reactions were not analyzed, and the safety of the drugs needed to be further analyzed. Conclusions: To make clear the role of Sophora japonica in proprietary Chinese medicine, we can develop the Chinese medicine new dosage forms of Sophora japonica; The Chinese medicine is made up of a variety of single herbs, some are toxic drugs, when an adverse reaction occurs, We should analyze the specific causes and avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions. In addition, Sophora japonica is a traditional herbal medicine and food in China; we can expand the application in other areas and explore the pharmacological and toxicological pathology. View full-text March 1998 · Pure and Applied Chemistry
During the last two decades numerous natural compounds with novel structures and various biological activities have been isolated from Chinese traditional and herbal medicines. A new group of depsides with potent antioxidant activities and scavenging effects on free radicals, named salvianolic acids have been isolated from Salvia miltiovrhiza and related plants. Lignans and triterpenic acids with
... [Show full abstract] various biological activities from Schisandra chinensis and related plants not only shed light on the therapeutic effects of these medicinal plants, it also led to the discovery and development of the antihepatitis drug DDB. Read more March 2018 · Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society
Over recent decades, sulfur fumigation has been becoming abused in processing some fresh Chinese herbal medicines due to its benefits containing simple operation, declined cost, and bleaching color characteristics. However, it has recently emerged as a controversial topic with respect to the potential detrimental effects, such as chemical transformation of inherent constituents and consequently
... [Show full abstract] the generation of potential toxicities. Radix Ophiopogon, the root of Liliaceae Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl, is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine that always suffers sulfur fumigated (SF). The modern phytochemistry researches have demonstrated that homoisoflavones, steroidal saponins and polysaccharides are the dominant components of this Chinese medicine. Although several researches have focused on the sulfur fumigated Ophiopogon japonicus till now, there was no study to reveal the phenomenon of chemical transformation of inherent constituents. Herein, in this study, the new generated homoisoflavones sulfur derivatives were researched to preliminarily clarify its transformation pathways during sulfur fumigation process based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The separation was conducted on a Waters Acuqity UPLC HSS T3 C18 column with the gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile/methanol (3:1, V/V) (B). To reduce interference of other substances and avoid the missing of the trace sulfur derivatives, the parent ion list-dynamic exclusion in negative mode based data-acquisition method was established. As a result, 41 homoisoflavones sulfated derivatives are detected. Among them, 31 are identified based on the high-resolution MS/MS datasets. This study tentatively clarified the transformation pathways of homoisoflavones during sulfur fumigation, and provided some useful information for the following relevant studies. © 2018, Editorial Board of Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society. All right reserved. Read more October 2015
To analyze the technical characteristics of the quality standards of traditional Chinese patent medicines in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. The quality standards of traditional Chinese patent medicines in the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 were analyzed. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 further strengthens multi-composition detection, control of active ingredients and examination of harmful impurity
... [Show full abstract] substances, more widely uses feature/fingerprint technology, gradually improves the quality standards of Chinese medicine variety series, and pays more attention to the application of modern analysis technology. Thus the whole quality control level of Chinese patent medicines has been significantly improved. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 puts more emphases on the scientificity, specificity, integrity and controllability of the quality standards of traditional Chinese patent medicines, and has distinct technological features which can reflect the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines and improve the overall quality control level. Read more Article
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January 2010 · Xenobiotica
Schizandrin is recognized as the major absorbed effective constituent of Fructus schisandrae, which is extensively applied in Chinese medicinal formula. The present study aimed to profile the phase I metabolites of schizandrin and identify the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms involved. After schizandrin was incubated with human liver microsomes, three metabolites were isolated by high-performance
... [Show full abstract] liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their structures were identified to be 8(R)-hydroxyl-schizandrin, 2-demethyl-8(R)-hydroxyl-schizandrin, 3-demethyl-8(R)-hydroxyl-schizandrin, by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and (13)C-NMR, respectively. A combination of correlation analysis, chemical inhibition studies, assays with recombinant CYPs, and enzyme kinetics indicated that CYP3A4 was the main hepatic isoform that cleared schizandrin. Rat and minipig liver microsomes were included when evaluating species differences, and the results showed little difference among the species. In conclusion, CYP3A4 plays a major role in the biotransformation of schizandrin in human liver microsomes. Minipig and rat could be surrogate models for man in schizandrin pharmacokinetic studies. Better knowledge of schizandrin's metabolic pathway could provide the vital information for understanding the pharmacokinetic behaviours of schizandrin contained in Chinese medicinal formula. View full-text November 2010 · Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
To investigate the quality of Schisandra chinensis, and thus provide the useful reference data for its quality standard establishment and standardized cultivation.
Base on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and literature relating to S. chinensis, the appearance, water-soluble extractive, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and volatile oil of 10 S. chinensis sampes collected from different producing sites in
... [Show full abstract] northeast China were studied or determined, and the contents of major active lingans were measured by HPLC.
The content of total ash and acid-insoluble ash in S. chinensis was less than 7.0%, 1.0%, respectively. The contents of water-soluble extractive were higher than 45.0%. HPLC analyses showed that the content of schisandrol A was higher than 0.40%. All these results in accordance with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were published in 2010.
The differences of the appearance and the internal quality are different for the samples collected from different areas. And the establishment of a scientific and comprehensive quality standard system will be very important role in ensuring the quality of S. chinensis. Read more July 2018 · Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction pieces refer to prescription drugs that can be used in clinical or preparation production after processing medicinal herbs. TCM decoction pieces industries are inherited from the culture of TCM and are important because of their independent intellectual property rights. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Ch. P) 2010 edition stipulated that "All drugs taken are
... [Show full abstract] decoction pieces", which raised the drug status to statutory law for the first time and clearly specified that TCM decoction pieces should be applied to TCM prescription deployment and production of proprietary Chinese medicines. It also pointed out that "The specifications of the decoction pieces used in the preparation should comply with the requirements of the actual process of the corresponding formulation type". For a long time, both the processing methods and the specification grades of the clinically used pieces of Chinese medicine were based on the inheritance and supported by the classical theory and method system centered on TCM processing. However, the theoretical research and specification standards of the decoction pieces used in the production of proprietary Chinese medicines based on modern industry are scarce, and this has led to a series of problems related to the industry, making the processing of decoction pieces becoming a limiting factor in the promotion of the Chinese medicine industry. Aiming at the existing problems of the TCM decoction pieces industry, this article was guided by the standardization system of TCM based on the concept of whole-process quality control, combined with the reference to the Japanese Kampo medicine industry's feeding mode and the reflection on the combination of traditional Chinese medicine processing and modern industry, as well as the study of the core law of the whole-process of TCM production, etc. Industrial decoction pieces and the idea of building a standardized system of TCM industry decoction pieces based on the whole-process quality control were discussed in this paper, which can provide insights for exploring the effective fusion between TCM processing theory and classic heritage and modern manufacturing and can provide the basis for the establishment of a standardized system for industrial decoction pieces based on whole-process quality control of TCM. It can also offer reference for the development of the advantages of geo-authentic crude drug and the establishment of high spots of industry decoction pieces. © 2018, Editorial Board of China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. All right reserved. Read more October 2018 · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetic mellitus, is currently the main cause of adult-acquired blindness. The pathogenesis of DR is complex and the current clinical application of various treatment methods cannot completely prevent the development of this disease. Many reports have been published regarding the treatment of DR with Traditional
... [Show full abstract] Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has received increasing attention from medical practitioners worldwide. Studies published between 1994 and April 2017 were collected from the CNKI, VIP, Medline and Web of Science databases, as well as from Chinese traditional books and Chinese Pharmacopoeia, subsequently obtaining more than 550 studies. Thereafter, the status quo of DR treatment using TCM had been summarized according to four aspects - compound formula therapy, Chinese herbal medicine extracts and monomer therapy, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy, and Chinese medicine external treatment. According to the literature reviewed herein, TCM has had definite effects on the prevention and treatment of DR, especially when used in combination with modern medical methods. However, the lack of a unified standard on the syndrome differentiation of DR and the lack of support of evidence-based medicine theory in clinical practice have been consistent concerns in previous research studies and needs to be addressed in subsequent studies. Read more Last Updated: 05 Jul 2022
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