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Hybrid Organisations in Waste Management: Public and Private Organisations in a Deregulated Market Environment

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Abstract

The chapter examines how as a result of processes of privatisation, deregulation and marketization, public services such as waste management have been outsourced to public waste management organisations. As a result, municipal waste services have evolved either to behave like companies through hybrid public waste companies, or to be sold off to the private sector, often multi-national corporations. By taking the Dutch waste management sector as an example the chapter addresses what hybridity in waste management means, how it manifests and what opportunities and dilemmas it raises.

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... Hence, most studies on waste management are similarly focused on the execution of waste management; that is to say, why the management was introduced, how the management is implemented, who is engaged in it, and what the management accomplishes (Minervini, 2013;Karre, 2013;Corvellec and Hultman, 2013;Schouten, Martin and Tillotson, 2015;Gustafsson, Hjelmgren and Czarniawska, 2015). ...
... Most studies on waste management are similarly focused on the execution of waste management; that is to say, why the management was introduced, how the management is implemented, who is engaged in it, and what the management accomplishes (Minervini, 2013;Karre, 2013;Corvellec and Hultman, 2013;Schouten, Martin and Tillotson, 2015;Gustafsson, Hjelmgren and Czarniawska, 2015). There is also a tendency to employ the comparative method to show the differences in performance, development, outcomes and obstacles in waste governance, between different countries (Campos, 2013;Taherzadeh and Rajendran, 2015). ...
... The findings of this study is further reinforced by the research of implemented and what the management accomplishes (Minervini, 2013;Karre, 2013;Corvellec and Hultman, 2013;Schouten, Martin and Tillotson, 2015;Gustafsson, Hjelmgren and Czarniawska, 2015). ...
Thesis
Full-text available
This research used the descriptive-correlational method to determine the level of respondents’ awareness and extent of implementation of Solid Waste Management (SWM) Practices in District 2, Bayawan City Division, Negros Oriental, Philippines for SY 2018-2019 in terms of the areas of segregation, reduce, reuse, recycle, and disposal. The quantitative data were gathered from 81 teachers and 189 students. Also, a survey questionnaire was utilized by the researcher. The statistical tools used in the analysis of the data were weighted mean, mean, and spearman rank correlation. The results revealed that the level of respondents’ awareness on SWM Practices as both perceived by the teachers and students were very high and the extent of implementation of these practices were very great. In addition to this, a significant relationship was noted between the levels of awareness and extents of implementation of SWM Practices. It can be concluded that the level of awareness greatly influenced the extent of implementation of SWM Practices by the teachers and students in District 2, Bayawan City Division.
... Hence, most studies on waste management are similarly focused on the execution of waste management; that is to say, why the management was introduced, how the management is implemented, who is engaged in it, and what the management accomplishes (Minervini, 2013;Karre, 2013;Corvellec and Hultman, 2013;Schouten, Martin and Tillotson, 2015;Gustafsson, Hjelmgren and Czarniawska, 2015). ...
... Most studies on waste management are similarly focused on the execution of waste management; that is to say, why the management was introduced, how the management is implemented, who is engaged in it, and what the management accomplishes (Minervini, 2013;Karre, 2013;Corvellec and Hultman, 2013;Schouten, Martin and Tillotson, 2015;Gustafsson, Hjelmgren and Czarniawska, 2015). There is also a tendency to employ the comparative method to show the differences in performance, development, outcomes and obstacles in waste governance, between different countries (Campos, 2013;Taherzadeh and Rajendran, 2015). ...
... The findings of this study is further reinforced by the research of implemented and what the management accomplishes (Minervini, 2013;Karre, 2013;Corvellec and Hultman, 2013;Schouten, Martin and Tillotson, 2015;Gustafsson, Hjelmgren and Czarniawska, 2015). ...
Book
Full-text available
This research used the descriptive-correlational method to determine the level of respondents’ awareness and extent of implementation of Solid Waste Management (SWM) Practices in District 2, Bayawan City Division, Negros Oriental, Philippines for SY 2018-2019 in terms of the areas of segregation, reduce, reuse, recycle, and disposal. The quantitative data were gathered from 81 teachers and 189 students. Also, a survey questionnaire was utilized by the researcher. The statistical tools used in the analysis of the data were weighted mean, mean, and spearman rank correlation. The results revealed that the level of respondents’ awareness on SWM Practices as both perceived by the teachers and students were very high and the extent of implementation of these practices were very great. In addition to this, a significant relationship was noted between the levels of awareness and extents of implementation of SWM Practices. It can be concluded that the level of awareness greatly influenced the extent of implementation of SWM Practices by the teachers and students in District 2, Bayawan City Division. Keywords: Solid Waste Management (SWM) Practices, Level of Awareness, Extent of Implementation
... Hence, most studies on waste management are similarly focused on the execution of waste management; that is to say, why the management was introduced, how the management is implemented, who is engaged in it, and what the management accomplishes (Minervini, 2013;Karre, 2013;Corvellec and Hultman, 2013;Schouten, Martin and Tillotson, 2015;Gustafsson, Hjelmgren and Czarniawska, 2015). ...
... Most studies on waste management are similarly focused on the execution of waste management; that is to say, why the management was introduced, how the management is implemented, who is engaged in it, and what the management accomplishes (Minervini, 2013;Karre, 2013;Corvellec and Hultman, 2013;Schouten, Martin and Tillotson, 2015;Gustafsson, Hjelmgren and Czarniawska, 2015). There is also a tendency to employ the comparative method to show the differences in performance, development, outcomes and obstacles in waste governance, between different countries (Campos, 2013;Taherzadeh and Rajendran, 2015). ...
... The findings of this study is further reinforced by the research of Table 8 implemented and what the management accomplishes (Minervini, 2013;Karre, 2013;Corvellec and Hultman, 2013;Schouten, Martin and Tillotson, 2015;Gustafsson, Hjelmgren and Czarniawska, 2015). ...
Book
Full-text available
This research used the descriptive-correlational method to determine the level of respondents’ awareness and extent of implementation of Solid Waste Management (SWM) Practices in District 2, Bayawan City Division, Negros Oriental, Philippines for SY 2018-2019 in terms of the areas of segregation, reduce, reuse, recycle, and disposal. The quantitative data were gathered from 81 teachers and 189 students. Also, a survey questionnaire was utilized by the researcher. The statistical tools used in the analysis of the data were weighted mean, mean, and spearman rank correlation. The results revealed that the level of respondents’ awareness on SWM Practices as both perceived by the teachers and students were very high and the extent of implementation of these practices were very great. In addition to this, a significant relationship was noted between the levels of awareness and extents of implementation of SWM Practices. It can be concluded that the level of awareness greatly influenced the extent of implementation of SWM Practices by the teachers and students in District 2, Bayawan City Division. Keywords: Solid Waste Management (SWM) Practices, Level of Awareness, Extent of Implementation
... The following section will describe the developments in the Dutch waste management sector that led to increased hybridity and the emergence of hybrid waste management companies. We will then, based on in-depth case studies of three Dutch municipally owned waste management organizations [30,31], look at the effects their hybridity had for these organizations themselves, their relationship with their municipal owners, their customers and their competitors. This will be followed by a discussion of the role hybridity and hybrid organizations can play in sustainable development. ...
Article
Full-text available
Increasingly, hybridity, i.e., the combination of contrasting and conflicting elements within organizations, is seen as a way to create innovation and synergy in dealing with complex societal questions, leading to more sustainable development. Much research on the subject deals with the phenomenon of social enterprise, but hybridity also takes place in other, more traditional organizational settings. For example, many governments have created hybrid organizations by embracing new public management (NPM) as a way to overcome the perceived shortcomings of traditional, hierarchical forms of public administration, such as inefficiency and the lack of an entrepreneurial spirit. Here, hybridity is often not so much seen as a way to increase sustainability but rather as a way to cut cost and to increase the quality-of-service provision. This article adds the sustainability dimension to this discussion through a deductive approach, reinterpreting the results from a study on the effects of the hybridity of three municipal waste management organizations in the Netherlands. The main conclusions are that hybridity leads to a more professional management style but also to more attention on output than on outcome. The article discusses what this means in terms of pursuing sustainability and sustainable development.
... Characteristic of waste prevention plans is a soft, flexible, and networked approach to regulation (cf. Karré, 2013). ...
Article
Full-text available
This paper presents an analysis of European and Swedish national and municipal waste prevention plans to determine their capability of preventing the generation of waste. An analysis of the stated objectives in these waste prevention plans and the measures they propose to realize them exposes six problematic features: (1) These plans ignore what drives waste generation, such as consumption, and (2) rely as much on conventional waste management goals as they do on goals with the aim of preventing the generation of waste at the source. The Swedish national and local plans (3) focus on small waste streams, such as food waste, rather than large ones, such as industrial and commercial waste. Suggested waste prevention measures at all levels are (4) soft rather than constraining, for example, these plans focus on information campaigns rather than taxes and bans, and (5) not clearly connected to incentives and consequences for the actors involved. The responsibility for waste prevention has been (6) entrusted to non-governmental actors in the market such as companies that are then free to define which proposals suit them best rather than their being guided by planners. For improved waste prevention regulation, two strategies are proposed. First, focus primarily not on household-related waste, but on consumption and production of products with high environmental impact and toxicity as waste. Second, remove waste prevention from the waste hierarchy to make clear that, by definition, waste prevention is not about the management of waste.
Article
Full-text available
This research used the descriptive-correlational method to determine the level of respondents' awareness and extent of implementation of Solid Waste Management (SWM) Practices in District 2, Bayawan City Division, Negros Oriental, Philippines for SY 2018-2019 in terms of the areas of segregation, reduce, reuse, recycle, and disposal. The quantitative data were gathered from 81 teachers and 189 students. Also, a survey questionnaire was utilized by the researcher. The statistical tools used in the analysis of the data were weighted mean, mean, and spearman rank correlation. The results revealed that the level of respondents' awareness on SWM Practices as both perceived by the teachers and students were very high and the extent of implementation of these practices were very great. In addition to this, a significant relationship was noted between the levels of awareness and extents of implementation of SWM Practices. It can be concluded that the level of awareness greatly influenced the extent of implementation of SWM Practices by the teachers and students in District 2, Bayawan City Division.
Article
Full-text available
This research used the descriptive-correlational method to determine the level of respondents' awareness and extent of implementation of Solid Waste Management (SWM) Practices in District 2, Bayawan City Division, Negros Oriental, Philippines for SY 2018-2019 in terms of the areas of segregation, reduce, reuse, recycle, and disposal. The quantitative data were gathered from 81 teachers and 189 students. Also, a survey questionnaire was utilized by the researcher. The statistical tools used in the analysis of the data were weighted mean, mean, and spearman rank correlation. The results revealed that the level of respondents' awareness on SWM Practices as both perceived by the teachers and students were very high and the extent of implementation of these practices were very great. In addition to this, a significant relationship was noted between the levels of awareness and extents of implementation of SWM Practices. It can be concluded that the level of awareness greatly influenced the extent of implementation of SWM Practices by the teachers and students in District 2, Bayawan City Division.
Article
Full-text available
In this thesis, Philip Marcel Karré argues that hybridity can only be fully understood and managed when one considers both sides of the coin, and sees benefits and risks as each other’s flipsides. By analyzing hybrid organizations in the Dutch waste management sector, he develops a perspective on hybridity that can be used by policy makers, professionals and academics to pinpoint those dimensions that could produce benefits or risks. Karré argues that hybridity is neither a catastrophe nor a panacea, but that it needs to be managed properly. The biggest challenge will be to prove in every single case that the expected opportunities created through hybridity far outweigh the costs of controlling the risks it poses.
Article
Full-text available
The term “third sector” is increasingly used, but it is also increasingly difficult to define. It is characterised by fragmentation, fuzziness and constant change. Furthermore, the bordering domains of community, market and state are equally difficult to define and are becoming more blurred. One may have to accept that hybridity and change are permanent features of the organisations and arrangements involved. They could be classified, not with reference to the structural characteristics of abstract domains, but on the basis of how they cope with conditions of hybridity and change. The search for a valid empirical definition of the third sector, however modestly ambitious, must focus on the fringes of the domain where the “hard cases” can be found, the phenomena that are most difficult to identify and therefore most likely to reveal what is essential to the different domains.
Article
Full-text available
Hybrid organizations mix the characteristics of state, market and civil society. Critics have suggested that such organizations pose severe risks to the public sector, both financially and culturally. However, these assertions are based mostly on theoretical claims or single case studies. No systematic evidence has been collected to support them. The findings of a large research programme in The Netherlands in several policy fields show that the concerns over hybrid organizations appear to be overstated, since theoretically defined risks have not materialised. Conditions such as the presence of active regulators and a high degree of professionalism appear to dampen the risks.
Article
Full-text available
Elbert Dijkgraaf defended his PhD-thesis 'Regulating the Dutch Waste Market' at 5 november 2004. This thesis analyses whether the risen costs of waste collection and treatment can be diminished by changing policy instruments. The thesis shows that user fees are very effective in reducing the total waste quantity, while they also result in better separation behavior. Furthermore, the use of contracting out to private or public firms reduces total collection costs. Third, a social cost benefit analysis, in which environmental effects are included, shows that landfilling is much cheaper than incineration. Finally, the use of international competition might reduce treatment costs. In total the thesis concludes that a cost saving of nearly 40% of current costs is possible when all four changes are implemented.
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Insightful and comprehensive and covering new subjects like globalization and IT, this text, international in its approach, provides a thorough introduction to the key phases of the contracting process and the skills required by managers in its implementation. These include: policy for contracting strategic purchasing understanding markets communicating the contracting decision designing and drafting the contract the role of the consumer the regulation of service provision Illustrated throughout with practitioner case-studies from a range of OECD countries, this book presents an important new theoretical 'contract management model' and a 'mature contract model', and explores the mechanisms, formal rules and informal norms that influence the way governments contract for public services. This book is essential reading for all students of public management and all public service managers.
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Public-Private partnerships (PPPs) combine the resources of government with those of private agents (businesses or not-for-profit bodies) in order to deliver societal goals. The forms taken by public-private partnerships include the contracting-out of services, the business management of public utilities, and the design of hybrid organizations for risk sharing and co-production between government and private agents. PPPs give rise to a series of ideological and managerial choices. This article has four sections. The first step is to explore the political and theoretical rationales for public-private partnerships. This leads into an analysis of the five types of PPP. The third section of the article discusses the impact of PPPs in terms of cost/quality and organizational hybridity. The final section draws out the main conclusions of the analysis and identifies challenges for the future governance and the management of PPPs.
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This new in paperback edition provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of current research in the field of New Public Management (NPM) reform. Aimed primarily at a student readership with a special interest in contemporary public-sector reforms, The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management offers a refreshing and up-to-date analysis of key issues of modern administrative reforms.Designed as a one-stop reference point and revision guide, this textbook comprises 29 chapters divided into six thematic sessions, each with chapters ranging across a variety of crucial topics in the field of New Public Management reforms and beyond.The principal themes addressed are: • Processes and driving forces. Basic theoretical foundations are discussed as well as the importance of institutional environments, copying, diffusion and translation of reform ideas and solutions among countries • The question of convergence or divergence among countries. Four families of countries with different state traditions are examined: Anglo-Saxon countries, Scandinavia, Continental Europe and Asian countries.• Developments in the ’soft’ welfare sectors of hospital systems, universities and welfare administration, and the ’harder’ sectors like regulation of utilities in areas such as telecommunications and energy.• The effects and implications of NPM reforms, both the more direct and the narrower effects on efficiency and the broader impact on democracy, trust and public sector values.• What new trends are occurring beyond the NMP movement, such as whole-of-government initiatives, Neo-Weberian models and New Public Governance as a new trend.Covering not only the NPM movement in general but also the driving forces behind the reform and its various trajectories and special features, this important contribution is essential reading for students and anyone wanting to expand their knowledge of administrative reform.
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SenterNovem (2006) De afvalmarkt 2006: Overheidsondernemingen en huishoudelijk restafval [State-owned enterprises and municipal waste], Utrecht: SenterNovem.