The chapter examines how as a result of processes of privatisation, deregulation and marketization, public services such as waste management have been outsourced to public waste management organisations. As a result, municipal waste services have evolved either to behave like companies through hybrid public waste companies, or to be sold off to the private sector, often multi-national corporations. By taking the Dutch waste management sector as an example the chapter addresses what hybridity in waste management means, how it manifests and what opportunities and dilemmas it raises.