No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Performance Analysis of SPDY Protocol in Wired and Mobile Networks
Abstract
Google proposed the new application-layer protocol named SPDY with the purpose of complementing problems of HTTP/1.1 to improve web speed. In this paper we evaluate the SPDY protocol’s performance in a variety ofmobile environment to examine the characteristics of the SPDY protocol and compare the differences between the existing protocol and SPDY protocol. Also through this performance evaluation, we analyze the problem of SPDY and propose directions for improvement of this protocol.
... While the performance of HTTP has been extensively studied in literature both for wired [6] and satellite networks [7], a complete understanding of SPDY is still an open research problem. Moreover, many works focus on evaluating the protocol over wired and IEEE 802.11/cellular mobile scenarios [8]. For what concerns satellites, from our best knowledge, [9,10] are the only previous attempts. ...
The rapid evolution of the Web imposes the need of enhancing the HTTP over satellite channels. To this aim, SPDY is a protocol engineered to reduce download times of content rich pages, as well as for managing links characterized by large Round Trip Times (RTTs) and high packet losses. With such features, it could be an efficient solution to cope with performance degradations of HTTP over satellite. In this perspective, this paper compares the behaviors of HTTP and SPDY over a DVB-RCS satellite link. To conduct a thorough set of tests over a realistic scenario, we used the Satellite Network Emulation Platform (SNEP). In addition, we evaluated how different Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) methods impact over the retrieval of a page. Results clearly indicate that SPDY could be an effective solution to deliver Web contents over satellites in a more efficient manner.
... Its preliminary assessment over wired/wireless links shows improvements in the range of 27 60% [11,12], while more recent investigations over cellular radio underline a reduced performance, mainly because of the complex cross-layer nature of the carrier [13]. However, in simpler settings, some of its features (e.g., the native support for header compression) still lead to relevant improvements [14]. ...
During the last decade, the Web has grown in terms of complexity, while the evolution of the HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) has not experienced the same trend. Even if HTTP 1.1 adds improvements like persistent connections and request pipelining, they are not decisive, especially in modern mixed wireless/wired networks, often including satellites. The latter play a key role for accessing the Internet everywhere, and they are one of the preferred methods to provide connectivity in rural areas or for disaster relief operations. However, they suffer of high-latency and packet losses, which degrade the browsing experience. Consequently, the investigation of protocols mitigating the limitations of HTTP, also in challenging scenarios, is crucial both for the industry and the academia. In this perspective, SPDY, which is a protocol optimized for the access to Web 2.0 contents over fixed and mobile devices, could be suitable also for satellite links. Therefore, this paper evaluates its performance when used both in real and emulated satellite scenarios. Results indicate the effectiveness of SPDY if compared with HTTP, but at the price of a more fragile behavior when in the presence of errors. Besides, SPDY can also reduce the transport overhead experienced by middleboxes typically deployed by service providers using satellite links.
... While the performance of HTTP has been extensively studied in literature both for wired [52] and satellite networks [42], a complete understanding of SPDY is still an open research problem. Moreover, many works focus on evaluating the protocol over wired and IEEE 802.11/cellular mobile scenarios [41]. For what concerns satellites, from own best knowledge, [1] and [2] are the only previous attempts. ...
The Satellites represent a solution for Internet connectivity and data distribution in isolated locations, on high mobility platforms such as planes, ships or high-speed trains or for disaster recovery applications. However, due to the characteristics of the satellite systems, the data transmission over the satellite networks must face some challenges. In particular, performance, from both security and communication point of view, are strongly affected by several factors introduced by the characteristics of the satellite systems (i.e. wireless nature, latency, link availability, propagation channel, link asymmetry, etc.), which significantly impact in particular web based applications, increasing both in terms of volumes and complexity
Satellite networks, either commercial or military, are prone to different security threats. To care security of the information sent over the satellite networks is very important, considering that the typology of services usually carried over includes emergency management, telemedicine, banking, off shore and airplane connectivity. In this thesis, novel end-to-end robust security architecture is introduced for securing DVB-RCS satellite networks. This security architecture is inspired by the robust security mechanism available in IEEE 802.11i WLAN but considers the particular characteristics of the satellite networks. An efficient authentication and key management mechanism is proposed, which performs the mutual authentication and key distribution through three round-trips only. Modular formalization for the security correctness is presented to prove that the proposed framework is as secure as IEEE 802.11i. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the proposed security framework has a very small data overhead and a better performance than IPSec, which is commonly used as end-to-end security solution over IP satellite networks.
The other aspect addressed in this thesis is Web performance over satellite using the future web technologies, such as SPDY protocol. SPDY is a new application technology, introduced by Google, to accelerate Web transfers over common terrestrial links. Most of the SPDY techniques (i.e. header compression, pushing and multiplexing) have been usually included in satellite Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEPs) to optimize performance. Therefore, SPDY over satellite is expected to provide end-to-end performance optimization solution without requiring any specific modification over the network. Proof of such an improvement is revolutionary for the role of satellite in the future Internet, since it could be considered as a transparent link, which does not need ad-hoc protocol adaptations. Performance assessment of the protocol has been obtained through a satellite emulator that reproduces in software a DVB-RCS link while running real implementations of both TCP/IP stacks and SPDY.
... In addition, a single packet lost can stall (or at least impact) all the multiplexed streams on a single TCP connection. SPDY or HTTP/2 was studied also on mobile devices 45,44 and high latency Satellite networks 46,47 . ...
The continuing advances in computer graphics and Internet bandwidths are supporting a gradual convergence between multi-user virtual worlds (MUVW), such as Second Life and OpenSim (SL/OS), and the nascent 3D Web. However, significant networking barriers remain to exploiting these capabilities for developing the 3D Web. These barriers include latency of content update and firewall blocking. In MUVWs the firewall and latency problems are related as the SL/OS network protocols designed over twelve years ago sought to minimise latency through the use of multiple concurrent UDP-based virtual circuits. Most firewall administrators are loathe to open up over fifty unknown UDP ports to accommodate such applications. New protocols now being deployed on the web such as SPDY, HTTP/2 and QUIC seek to reduce latency and routinely traverse firewalls. One of the key goals of the convergence between MUVWs and the 3D Web is for MUVW functionality to be provided in a standard web browser, with optional links to other autonomous virtual worlds. It follows that as an incremental step towards the 3D Web the use of these new web protocols in MUVWs should be researched. This paper details traffic management approaches in SL/OS MUVWs, clarifies 3D Web concepts and terminology, explains the functionality provided by the new web protocols, and provides a mapping which postulates how their features can be exploited for the benefit of MUVWs as part of the convergence with the 3D Web.
State of the Union: Ecommerce Page Speed&Web Performance
- Strangeloop
Analysis of SPDY and TCP Initcwnd
- G White
- D Rice
Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2
- M Belshe
- M Thomson
- A Melnikov
- R Peon