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Bioactive compounds in banana and their associated health benefits – A review
Abstract
Banana is a very popular fruit in the world market and is consumed as staple food in many countries. It is grown worldwide and constitutes the fifth most important agricultural food crop in terms of world trade. It has been classified into the dessert or sweet bananas and the cooking bananas or plantains. It is either eaten raw or processed, and also as a functional ingredient in various food products. Banana contains several bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, carotenoids, biogenic amines and phytosterols, which are highly desirable in the diet as they exert many positive effects on human health and well-being. Many of these compounds have antioxidant activities and are effective in protecting the body against various oxidative stresses. In the past, bananas were effectively used in the treatment of various diseases, including reducing the risk of many chronic degenerative disorders. In the present review, historical background, cultivar classification, beneficial phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and health benefits of bananas are discussed.
... Banana is considered as a rich source of several bioactive compounds such as phenolics, carotenoids, glycosides alkaloids, phlobatannins, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, biogenic amines, and phytosterols (Pereira & Maraschin, 2015;Singh et al., 2016). Due to their healthbeneficial effects, these compounds are highly required in the diet (Netshiheni et al., 2019). ...
... In a comprehensive review, Singh et al. (2016) evaluated bananas as a rich source of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, amines, ascorbic acid, and vit. E that possesses antioxidant activities beneficial for human health. ...
... Similarly, the most prominent classes of flavonoids reported in bananas are flavanols, such as kaempferol quercetin, myricetin, and cyanidins. They act as defensive scavengers against oxygen-derived free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) liable for aging and diverse diseases (Singh et al., 2016). ...
Bananas are widely popular as a key member of the Musaceae family and also considered a rich source of several nutrients, especially bioactive compounds. Besides, bananas are extensively grown in tropical and subtropical regions and are easily available for various use cases, that is, food industry and health benefits. Other than banana, its by‐products such as peel, pseudo‐stems, leaves, and blossoms are also rich in several nutrients, for example, carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and so on. Moreover, their consumption intends to provide several therapeutic benefits, particularly the dietary fiber and phenolic compounds. Furthermore, bananas and their by‐products have been found to possess antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. In spite of countless benefits, these residues are often discarded as waste. Observing these benefits, the current review focuses on the broad range of bioactive chemical and pharmacological elements in bananas and their by‐products. Also, this work focuses on their use in several food industries. As a result of the findings, the presented review reveals several innovative aspects of bananas and their products which can be utilized as a sustainable source of income for the agriculture industry.
... Banana is prominent for their viscous, sticky pulp, crimson index, and thick peel, contributing to their attractiveness [6]. Banana pulp has been examined from several perspectives for its potential to extract and separate multiple health-beneficial components, including various types of starch, cellulose, and bioactive chemicals [7]. Banana contains a great diversity of high-value bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, biogenic amines, and phytosterols, which are highly desirable in the diet due to their positive effects on human health and well-being [7]. ...
... Banana pulp has been examined from several perspectives for its potential to extract and separate multiple health-beneficial components, including various types of starch, cellulose, and bioactive chemicals [7]. Banana contains a great diversity of high-value bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, biogenic amines, and phytosterols, which are highly desirable in the diet due to their positive effects on human health and well-being [7]. Ripe bananas are also high in dietary fiber, resistant starch, certain vitamins (such as ascorbic acid, vitamin A, malic acid, succinic acid, palmitic acids, and folic acid), and numerous minerals (such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, and calcium), but are naturally low in fat and sodium [8]. ...
... The relationship between Hausner's ratio and flow character was evaluated as per the standard chart [29]. The following equation (7) was used to determine the Hausner ratio. ...
The study aims to investigate the effects of different drying methods on the changes in functional properties, physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, sensory attributes, and microstructural quality of the banana flours. Two local banana cultivars, Mehersagar and Sabri, were dried to produce flour using four distinct drying methods: freeze drying (FD), cabinet drying (CD), microwave oven drying (MOD), and forced air oven drying (FOD). The functional properties of the developed banana flours were observed where the findings were as water holding capacity (0.93 ± 0.06–2.74 ± 0.04 g water/g dry sample), oil absorption capacity (0.87 ± 0.06–2.22 ± 0.10 g oil/g dry sample), swelling capacity (4.62 ± 0.02–5.05 ± 0.03 g paste/g dry sample), bulk density (0.54 ± 0.04–0.81 ± 0.02 g/ml), tapped density (0.62 ± 0.04–0.93 ± 0.03 g/ml) and Carr's Index (9.38 ± 0.47–13.58 ± 0.43%). Freeze-dried Mehersagar cultivar's flour showed the leading functional properties with good flowability and cohesiveness. The physicochemical parameters of the flours also revealed significant differences (p
... Apesar das diferenças na composição nutricional entre variedades e maturação, em geral, a banana é fonte de magnésio, cálcio, potássio e vitamina C, sendo os carotenoides/vitamina A, mais predomi-nantes na banana madura (WALL, 2006;EKESA et al., 2015;SINGH et al., 2016;RIQUETTE et al., 2019). ...
... A maior quantidade de fibras dietéticas e amido resistente na farinha em comparação com a biomassa é esperada, devido ao baixo teor de umidade, o que concentra os componentes sólidos (FALCOMER et al., 2019). Com relação aos fitoquímicos, a banana verde é uma fonte acessível de compostos fenólicos, sendo as maiores concentrações relatadas na banana verde e em produtos obtidos com casca (SINGH et al., 2016;FATEMEH et al., 2012). ...
... Os compostos fenólicos relatados na banana verde são: ácidos hidroxicinâmicos (cumárico, cafeico, ferulico, clorogênico), ácidos hidroxibenzoicos (gálico, elágico), flavonas (diosmetina8-C glicosídeo/ crisoeriol-8-C-glicosídeo, luteolina glicosídeo, apigenina), flavanóis (galocatequina, catequina e epicatequina e seus polímeros) e flavonóis (kaempferol-3-O-rutinosídeo, siringetina-3-rutinosídeo, ramne-tina, miricetina ramnosídeo e rutina). Também se encontram ácidos orgânicos (ácido málico e ácido cítrico) e derivados iridoides e cumarínicos (morronisídeo e umbeliferona, respectivamente) (SOMEYA et al., 2002;SINGH et al., 2016;SIRIAMORNPUN;KAEWSEEJAN 2017;LOYO-LA, 2019). ...
... Polyphenols have physiological and morphological importance for plants, protecting them against UV radiation, mechanical damage, and microbial infection [8]. Various plants contain different amounts of polyphenols, depending on the genetic background, growing, and climatic conditions [9,10]. For example, blueberries (Vaccinium and reliable methods [34,35]. ...
... The highest content of phenolics in the samples before storage was found in the FYB and MCB purees (Supplementary Materials, Table S1). The FYB contained mainly banana, mango, and raspberry, which are known to have high contents of phenolic compounds [10,54,55]. For example, the initial content of TPC in FYB was 49.8 mg GAE/100 g in AL-layered doypack, and 50.0 mg GAE/100 g in AL-free packaging (Supplementary Materials, Table S1). ...
... According to the literature, these ingredients contain various polyphenols which may have different stabilities during storage. For example, bananas and four-grain cereals can contain ferulic acid [10], which may degrade during storage due to its carboxyl group [59]. However, ferulic acid may also be bound to other compounds in the matrix, such as reducing sugars or other polymeric structures [60], making the phenolic component more stable during storage [61]. ...
Evaluating the stability of polyphenols in fruit, berry, and vegetable purees helps to assess the quality of these products during storage. This study aimed to (1) monitor the stability of total phenolic content (TPC) in four-grain puree with banana and blueberry (FGBB), mango-carrot-sea buckthorn puree (MCB), and fruit and yogurt puree with biscuit (FYB); (2) study the effect of aluminum-layered vs. aluminum-free packaging on the changes in TPC; and (3) assess the suitability of accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT) methodology to evaluate the stability of polyphenols. The samples were stored at 23 °C for 182, 274, 365, and 427 days. The corresponding time points during ASLT at 40 °C were 28, 42, 56, and 66 days, calculated using Q10 = 3. The TPC was determined with Folin–Ciocalteu method. The results revealed that the biggest decrease in TPC took place with high-pH FGBB, which contained fewer ingredients with bioactive compounds. Minor changes were seen in FYB and MCB, which had lower pH values, and contained a larger amount of ingredients that include polyphenols. In addition, the choice of packaging material did not affect the TPC decrease in each puree. Finally, it was concluded that the ASLT methodology is suitable for studying the TPC changes in such purees, but the corresponding Q10 factors may vary and should be determined based on the chemical profile and ingredient list of the product.
... Bananas are a highly popular tropical fruit around the world, renowned for to their numerous nutritional benefits [1,2]. Unfortunately, as a climacteric fruit, they continue to respire after being harvested, leading to a relatively short shelf-life [3,4]. ...
... Changes in physio-chemical properties of bananas during storage at 20 • C and 64 %RH. a,b,c,d Different letters in the same column indicate significant difference among storage time based on Turkey HSD test (p < 0.05) for each parameter.1,2,3,4,5,6 Different numbers in the same row indicate significant difference among coating formulation following Turkey HSD test (p < 0.05) for each parameter. ...
The goal of this study is to produce an active coating on Chiquita bananas storage at 20 • C and 64 %RH using a combination of pectin and agarose (PeA) supplemented with Piper betel L. leaf extract (PBE) to extend their shelf life. The introduction of 30 wt% PBE into the PeA film improved the tensile strength, flexibility, UV resistance as well as antioxidant and antibacterial properties of resulting films. The coating solutions, containing PeA func-tionalized with PBE, were applied for prolonging the shelf life of postharvest bananas using the dipping method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses showed that PeA coating solution enriched with 30 wt% PBE (PeA-PBE-30) coating effectively sealed and uniformly dispersed on the fruit skin. Besides, PeA-PBE-30 coating can significantly reduce the respiration rate of fresh bananas during 8 d storage period. Other factors including weight loss, total soluble solids, and pH were also reduced, while the retention of titratable acid also indicated the protective efficacy of PeA-PBE-30 coating compared to uncoated fruits and other treatments. This study provides evidence that pectin/agarose-based coating enriched with PBE can enhance the storability of fresh bananas, making it a promising strategy for commercial use.
... Banana (Musa spp.) is a globally important fruit that is grown widely for food and trade. Together with plantains, bananas are among the top 10 crops in terms of area of cultivation, yield, and calories produced globally (Carr, 2009;Singh et al., 2016;Varma & Bebber, 2019). In the Philippines, banana is a significant source of nutrition and income, and the country is one of the largest producers of the fruit (Singh et al., 2016;Varma & Bebber, 2019). ...
... Together with plantains, bananas are among the top 10 crops in terms of area of cultivation, yield, and calories produced globally (Carr, 2009;Singh et al., 2016;Varma & Bebber, 2019). In the Philippines, banana is a significant source of nutrition and income, and the country is one of the largest producers of the fruit (Singh et al., 2016;Varma & Bebber, 2019). ...
The Philippines is one of the world’s largest producers of banana. The Philippines is also vulnerable to climate change and tropical cyclones (TCs), which caused over 236 billion Philippine Pesos worth of losses and damages to agriculture between 1990-2013. TCs can have impacts on banana, which is sensitive to strong winds and flooding. However, banana remains under-studied in the context of food security, climate change, and variability. Here, the physical risk of banana production to TCs by characterizing the hazard, exposure, and physical sensitivity of suitable cropland to TCs. Data on TCs, banana production and prices, and the costs of damages from TCs were also analyzed to provide a picture of TC impacts. The analysis shows that there are different levels of risk to cropland from TCs, and it is higher in Luzon and Eastern Visayas which are exposed to more, and more intense TCs. Mindanao currently has a low calculated physical risk to TCs, although because of the concentration of banana production in Central and Southeastern Mindanao, there may be more exposed, and thus vulnerable, cropland. Linear statistical relationships are poor between banana production and TCs, although recent experience from Typhoons Pablo and Odette (TC Bopha and Rai, 2012 and 2021) give evidence to the significant losses and damages from TC on banana production in Mindanao. Because TCs are projected to potentially become more intense, with more variability and uncertainty from climate change, more research is needed, given the banana’s importance in the Philippines.
... Pulp is the edible part. It contains an abundant amount of nutrients: free sugars, total starch but also resistant starch, dietary fiber and some essential minerals, such as phosphorus, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese 5, 6 . The skin is the first by-product of this fruit. ...
... Bananas contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential that contribute to physiological defense against oxidative reactions and mediation of free radicals in biological systems 6 . Among the bioactive phytochemicals, polyphenols have been widely cited and studied as the most abundant antioxidants provided by the human diet 41 . ...
https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/view/5928
Banana is one of the most consumed fruits in the world. Musa cavendish and Musa paradisiaca cultivars differential nutrition-health properties and more specifically their antioxidant and anti- inflammatory potential are poorly known. The objective of the present study was to compare the hydroalcoholic dry extracts nutrition-health properties of these two types of Guinea bananas. Total polyphenols contents were evaluated by Folin Ciocalteu method, antioxidant capacity by DPPH, ORAC and Mito-tracker assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vitro on inflammatory macrophages. NO scavenging, NO and cytokines production (TNF-α and IL-6) were assessed. At 1 mg/mL, the extracts showed moderate total polyphenol content. Antioxidant activity potential was depended on the type of extracts. Banana pulps anti-inflammatory effects were demonstrated by the inhibition of NO cell production and NO scavenging suggesting that pulps have moderate anti- inflammatory effect as a function of doses (100, 50 and 25 μg/mL). However, none of the extracts inhibited the production of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). The present study indicates that Guinea bananas may be considered as an interesting food source of antioxidants associated to a moderate anti-inflammatory potential on specific inflammation markers.
... belongs to the Musaceae family. It is cultivated worldwide as the fifth most popular agricultural food crop [1]. It is widely used for various purposes due to its nutritional and phytochemical properties [2]. ...
... Notes: Data are presented as frequency (%) unless stated otherwise. 1 Positive to at least one banana cultivar. 2 Only 123 patients had available banana-specific IgE results (ImmunoCAP, Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden). 3 Only 98 patients reported a history of using any latex-containing products. ...
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of cross-reactivity and co-allergy to other plant foods among adult patients with IgE-mediated banana allergy in Thailand. A structured questionnaire was used to assess clinical reactivity, and cross-reactivity diagnoses were based on reactions occurring within 2 years of banana allergy onset, within 3 h of intake, and confirmed by allergists. Among the 133 participants, the most commonly associated plant foods with clinical reactions were kiwi (83.5%), avocado (71.1%), persimmon (58.8%), grapes (44.0%), and durian (43.6%). Notably, 26.5% of the reported reactions to other plant foods were classified as severe. These findings highlight the common occurrence of cross-reactivity/co-allergy to other plant foods in banana-allergic patients, with a significant proportion experiencing severe reactions. Travelers to tropical regions should be aware of this risk and advised to avoid specific banana cultivars and plant foods with reported high cross-reactivity. The inclusion of self-injectable epinephrine in the management plan for patients with primary banana allergy should be considered due to the substantial proportion of reported severe reactions and the wide range of clinical cross-reactivity and co-allergy observed.
... Banana (Musa spp.) is a fruit crop that originated from tropical regions and is now widely cultivated in over 130 tropical and subtropical countries around the world [1]. It is one of the most popular fruits in the global market and is also a vital food crop in developing countries, second only to rice, wheat and maize [2,3]. ...
... Interestingly, it was observed that during cold stress, the accumulation of LPCs, LPEs, glycerol esters, and free fatty acids was more pronounced in Dajiao, which might contribute to its greater cold tolerance. Specifically, Dajiao mainly responds to cold stress were rationalized by (1) increasing lyso phospholipid levels to improve membrane bending capacity naturally, and (2) increasing the level of free fatty acids with relatively higher unsaturation and glycerol esters levels, which can improve the membrane's fluidity. In low-temperature stress, sphingolipids function as signaling molecules [61], and their low-level metabolites, ceramides, has been found to lead to programmed cell death [62] and mitochondrial H 2 O 2 accumulation [63]. ...
Low temperature is a major environmental factor that limits the growth, yield, and geographical distribution of bananas. Given the complex nature of cold tolerance traits in bananas, the molecular mechanisms and associated gene networks responsible for cold tolerance are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to identify cold stress response genes, metabolites, and metabolic pathways through integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses, with the goal of comprehensively understanding the mechanism underlying the differential cold tolerance between cold-sensitive Cavendish and cold-tolerant Dajiao bananas. Our findings show that cold-tolerant Dajiao accumulates more lipids than cold-sensitive Cavendish under cold stress. Moreover, we identified 4626 and 5516 differentially expressed genes under cold stress in Cavendish and Dajiao, respectively. By integrating the transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets, we discovered that the lipid metabolism pathway and the ABA-independent MAPK cascade-ICE1 signal transduction pathway play crucial roles in cold tolerance of Dajiao. Our study provides new insight into the molecular basis of cold response and the mechanism of cold tolerance in bananas, with potential applications for genetic improvement of cold tolerance in bananas.
... M. balbisiana fruit pulp is rich in both macronutrients and micronutrients such as carbohydrates, starch, protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron [10]. Different parts of M. balbisiana have been reported for medicinal bene ts with signi cant amounts of bioactive compounds such as gallic acid, epicatechin, rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin and apigenin [2,11]. Polyphenols-rich ripe pulp of M. balbisiana has cardioprotective properties and ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy through antioxidant and anti-in ammatory activities [12]. ...
... It has been reported for its antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, hemolytic, anti-fungal, 5-α reductase inhibitor and anti-microbial activity [25]. There are reports of plant phytosterol being more effective in lowering LDL cholesterol in patients who cannot tolerate standard drugs like statin [9,11]. Thus, the biological activity of EAF might be due to the presence of these compounds. ...
Musa balbisiana Colla, belonging to the family Musaceae , is well-known for its nutritional and pharmacological properties. The present study analyses the phytochemical content and evaluated the nutritional, antioxidant, anti-glycation, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition potential of M. balbisiana seed. In addition, bioenergetic profiles of the bioactive fraction of M. balbisiana seeds against oxidative stress-related mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction were studied using XFe24 extracellular flux analyzer for the first time. M. balbisiana seeds have high nutritional values with ample amounts of carbohydrates, starch, protein, and minerals (Ca, Na, Mg, Cu, Fe, and Zn). Bioactivity-guided fractionation of M. balbisiana seed methanolic extract yield ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest antioxidant, anti-glycation, and phytochemical content as compared to other fractions. EAF also showed lower α-amylase inhibition and higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity. GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 14 phytochemical compounds that have not been reported previously from M. balbisiana seed. A strong correlation between the biological activities and total phenolic/tannin content was observed. In addition, M. balbisiana seeds improved the bioenergetic profiles of free fatty acid-induced oxidative stress with a concomitant increase in ATP production, respiratory and glycolytic capacity. Therefore, M. balbisiana seed can be a natural supplement to boost antioxidant levels and fight against oxidative stress and non-enzymatic glycation.
... Natural sources should be thoroughly investigated to find safer and more effective alternatives to antioxidants in order to lessen the negative effects [34]. Over the past ten years, it has been demonstrated that a number of natural compounds derived from plants, such as the lignan secoisolariciresinol [35], are viable alternatives to these synthetic antioxidants, which have the potential to be harmful. ...
... "For these compounds, the effect of the extraction solvent on the antioxidant activity of the corresponding extracts has already been described" [34]. Additionally, a distinct difference in the composition of the extracts was observed, with EE having a higher concentration of phenolics and arylheptanoids, which are known to have the potential to fight microorganisms [35]. ...
Background: The objective of this research was to determine how the phenolic profile and the corresponding biological activity were affected by various solvents-water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate. Methods: The 2,2"-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were used to measure antioxidant activity. Results: Ethanol was found to be the most efficient solvent for polyphenol extraction, according to the findings. With IC50 values of 52.83 g/mL and 68.96 g/mL, respectively, the ethanol extract of C. borivilianum had the highest antioxidant potential for DPPH and ABTS radical scavengers, while the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts had the lowest antioxidant potential. According to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, ethanol extract contained more phenolics (88.92 0.24 mg of equivalent gallic acid (GAE)/g) than aqueous extract (62.28 0.14 GAE/g). An aluminum chloride colorimetric method determined that the ethanol extract had the highest flavonoid content (67.24 0.14 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g), while the aqueous extract had the lowest (35.67 0.14 QE/g). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the ethanolic extract of C. borivilianum leaves may be a useful source of natural antioxidants for the formulation of functional foods due to its high antioxidant potential.
... É preciso dizer que a banana equatorial é uma das melhores bananas doces. De acordo com Singh et al. (2016), a banana contém quantidade suficiente de compostos bioativos benéficos à saúde, como antioxidantes, mesmo na casca que normalmente é descartada. Embora a polpa madura e descascada seja a principal parte da fruta a ser consumida, as frutas verdes com ou sem casca ou apenas a casca verde, são utilizadas para elaboração da farinha de banana verde (BEZERRA et al., 2013;SILVA et al., 2015), que pode ser utilizado tanto pela indústria alimentícia como ingrediente no preparo de pratos prontos quanto no preparo de produtos cárneos (SILVA et al., 2015). ...
Brasil é o quarto maior produtor mundial de bananas, com uma colheita anual de quase sete milhões de toneladas. A banana é a segunda fruta mais produzida no país, atrás apenas dos frutos cítricos. Sua produção está distribuída por todos os Estados da Federação, em uma área plantada de cerca de 462 mil hectares, o que ressalta a importância desta cultura para o Brasil. A bananeira (Musa spp.) é uma planta monocotiledônea herbácea que apresenta caule subterrâneo (rizoma) de onde saem as raízes, merecendo destaque as cultivares do subgrupo Cavendish para a exportação. A manutenção do pomar requer o planejamento e a execução de todas as práticas preconizadas para o cultivo, a fim de lhe assegurar o desenvolvimento e a produção esperados. O êxito da exploração agrícola depende fundamentalmente da tecnologia empregada na fase de seu estabelecimento e da época em que se realizam as práticas culturais, tais como: as que evitam o desfolhamento das plantas como o controle do mal-de-sigatoka, o controle de ventos, frio, a irrigação e a nutrição mineral, além de permitir um melhor desenvolvimento do cacho, reduz o descarte de frutos por queimaduras de sol, maturação precoce e tamanho reduzido. Outras práticas têm o objetivo de melhorar a aparência e preservar a integridade dos frutos, evitando danos mecânicos, biológicos e climáticos, podem ser citadas, tais como: o ensacamento dos cachos, o escoramento das plantas (tutoramento), a desfolha, a poda de pencas e do coração, a despistilagem, o desvio de cachos e de filhotes e a proteção dos frutos contra a insolação. Todos esses aspectos são de grande importância para que se obtenha uma fruta de boa qualidade no momento da colheita. Os cuidados antes e na pós-colheita apenas preservam a qualidade dos frutos, sem ser capaz de melhorá-la. Portanto, este livro foi preparado de forma clara, didática, objetiva e ricamente ilustrado, visando facilitar a compreensão do leitor, contempla todas as etapas do processo produtivo da bananeira, incorporando os mais recentes avanços da pesquisa e a experiência de vários autores em mais de duas décadas de trabalho com a cultura. Esta publicação atende às necessidades de técnicos, fruticultores, estudantes de Agronomia, de Engenharia Florestal e de Escolas Agrotécnicas e demais interessados na cultura da bananeira.
... Banana frequently used as a dollar fruit crop. Aside from that India, China, Brazil, Indonesia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Mexico, Thailand and Colombia are the top banana-producers of the world (Junejo and Haq, 2014;Singh et al., 2016). It is rich source of several bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic, amines, carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E, which have antioxidant properties that includes a variety of human health benefits. ...
... Banana are commercially important fruits due to their nutritional and health values (Singh et al. 2016). As a climacteric-type of fruit, their postharvest ripening induction is controlled by ethylene. ...
The effect of postharvest dipping treatments with 0.5 mM melatonin (MT) and 1% chitosan (CT) either alone or in combination on quality of pre-climacteric ‘Williams’ bananas during ripening at ambient conditions were investigated. MT or CT treatments delayed ripening by retaining greener peel, higher firmness, titratable acidity (TA), but lower total soluble solids (TSS) and TSS/TA, weight loss, browning and electrolyte leakage than the control. Total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) in both peel and pulp increased up to 6 days and then decreased and was higher in treated fruit than the control. Vitamin C content decreased up to 3 days, then increased and was higher in treated fruit than control. MT and CT combination exhibited the highest TPC, TFC and vitamin C contents compared to other treatments. Radical scavenging capacity (RSC) of peel and pulp increased up to 6 days, then decreased and was higher in treated fruit than the control. The treated fruit exhibited lower polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and hydrolytic enzymes but higher peroxidase (POD) activities in both peel and pulp than the control. Postharvest treatments with 0.5 mM MT and 1% CT alone or in combination could be used to retain quality of ‘Williams’ bananas during ripening.
... In general, fruits and vegetables are an excellent source of a variety of nutrients, including vitamins and minerals. In addition, these foods are abundant providers of a variety of bioactive substances, the majority of which are polyphenols, which have numerous positive impacts on one's health (Singh et al., 2016a). These compounds can get rid of free radicals and work together to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, anticancer, and neuroprotective benefits. ...
Fruits and vegetables are an excellent source of a variety of nutrients, including vitamins and minerals. In addition, these foods are abundant providers of a variety of bioactive substances, the majority of which are polyphenols, which have numerous positive impacts on one's health. These compounds can get rid of free radicals and work together to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, anticancer, and neuroprotective benefits. Fruits and veggies have been found to have a wide range of polyphenols. In this review different types of bioactive substances including polyphenols, flavonoids, glucosides etc. from different fruits and vegetables are discussed. Different extraction techniques including supercritical fluid extraction, pulsed electric extraction, high hydrostatic pressure extraction etc. are discussed and compared regarding the extracting material and efficiency. The role of different bioactive substances against cancer and anxiety are described along with the mechanism and mode of action of such substances against such diseases.
... Bananas are an important fruit that can be consumed directly or processed to obtain products. Bananas are rich in bioactive substances, such as phenols, including gallic acid, catechins, tannins, etc., (Bashmil et al., 2021), these substances have various physiological functions, such as anti-oxidation, improving atherosclerosis, anti-cancer, etc., (Singh et al., 2016). ...
3D printing is an important way of food processing. However, some fruit and vegetable inks are prone to oxidative browning during 3D printing. In this study, different mass ratios of banana paste and potato powder were used as printing inks to investigate the effects of different oxygen content on the browning of banana-based gel system. The results showed that the optimal printing ink ratio of banana paste and potato powder was 87.5%: 12.5%. With the lower the oxygen content in the environment, the degree of browning of banana-based ink during the printing process was smaller, and the loss of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity was less. When the oxygen content was below 1%, there was no visual browning. This study has certain reference significance for inhibiting the browning of highly oxidative systems during 3D printing.
... In general, fruits and vegetables are an excellent source of a variety of nutrients, including vitamins and minerals. In addition, these foods are abundant providers of a variety of bioactive substances, the majority of which are polyphenols, which have numerous positive impacts on one's health (Singh et al., 2016a). These compounds can get rid of free radicals and work together to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, anticancer, and neuroprotective benefits. ...
Fruits and vegetables are an excellent source of a variety of nutrients, including vitamins and minerals. In addition, these foods are abundant providers of a variety of bioactive substances, the majority of which are polyphenols, which have numerous positive impacts on one's health. These compounds can get rid of free radicals and work together to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, anticancer, and neuroprotective benefits. Fruits and veggies have been found to have a wide range of polyphenols. In this review different types of bioactive substances including polyphenols, flavonoids, glucosides etc. from different fruits and vegetables are discussed. Different extraction techniques including supercritical fluid extraction, pulsed electric extraction, high hydrostatic pressure extraction etc. are discussed and compared regarding the extracting material and efficiency. The role of different bioactive substances against cancer and anxiety are described along with the mechanism and mode of action of such substances against such diseases.
... This evidence could be attributed to different considerations such as pre-harvest (varieties, species, cropping areas, etc.) and post-harvest factors (ripening, preservation, and cooking, among others). Moreover, most of the studies in the literature were focused on estimating the total phenolic content of banana samples using spectrophotometry techniques, estimating the total content with respect to gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) [7,20]. ...
The banana is a tropical fruit characterized by its composition of healthy and nutritional compounds. This fruit is part of traditional Ecuadorian gastronomy, being consumed in a wide variety of ways. In this context, unripe Red Dacca banana samples and those submitted to different traditional Ecuadorian heating treatments (boiling, roasting, and baking) were evaluated to profile their phenolic content by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and the antioxidant activity by ORAC, ABTS, and DPPH assays. A total of sixty-eight phenolic compounds were identified or tentatively identified in raw banana and treated samples, highlighting the content in flavonoids (flavan-3-ols with 88.33% and flavonols with 3.24%) followed by the hydroxybenzoic acid family (5.44%) in raw banana samples. The total phenolic compound content significantly decreased for all the elaborations evaluated, specifically from 442.12 mg/100 g DW in fresh bananas to 338.60 mg/100 g DW in boiled (23.41%), 243.63 mg/100 g DW in roasted (44.90%), and 109.85 mg/100 g DW in baked samples (75.15%). Flavan-3-ols and flavonols were the phenolic groups most affected by the heating treatments, while flavanones and hydroxybenzoic acids showed higher stability against the heating treatments, especially the boiled and roasted samples. In general, the decrease in phenolic compounds corresponded with a decline in antioxidant activity, evaluated by different methods, especially in baked samples. The results obtained from PCA studies confirmed that the impact of heating on the composition of some phenolic compounds was different depending on the technique used. In general, the heating processes applied to the banana samples induced phytochemical modifications. Even so, they remain an important source of bioactive compounds for consumers.
... Kulit pisang mengandung senyawa metabolit diantaranya senyawa flavonoid, tanin dan fenol. Beberapa senyawa fenol yang ditemukan pada kulit pisang raja adalah asam galat, katekin, epikatekin, tannin dan antosianin (Singh et al., 2016). ...
Gagal ginjal merupakan masalah Kesehatan dunia ditinjau dari insidensi, prevalensi dan tingkat kematian. Berdasarkan data dari Amerika Serikat menunjukkan bahwa gagal ginjal kronik meningkat sebesar 20-25% setiap tahun. Pisang raja (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum) merupakan spesies dari genus Musa yang digunakan sebagai pengobatan tradisional dan mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang dapat berpotensi sebagai nefroprotektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efek nefropeotektif kulit pisang raja pada tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol dosis toksik. Kulit pisang raja diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut methanol. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian jenis eksperiment dengan metode pre and post test control design. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 kelompok hewan uji dan setiap kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus. Kelompok 1 merupakan kelompok kontrol negatif yang diberikan Na CMC 0,5%, kelompok 2 merupakan kelompok induksi parasetamol dosis toksik dengan dosis 180 mg/kgBB. Kelompok 3,4, dan 5 merupakan kelompok yang diberikan ekstrak metanol kulit pisang raja dengan masing-masing dosis sebesar 700 mg/kgBB, 1400 mg/kgBB dan 2100 mg/kgBB. Kerusakan sel ginjal disebabakan karena pemberian parasetamol dosis toksik dengan mengukur kadar serum kreatinin tikus. Anaslisis data SPSS dengan Paired sample T test menunjukkan nilai P sebesar 0,016<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol kulit pisang raja dapat menurunkan kadar kreatinin serum tikus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol kulit pisang raja memiliki efek nefroprotektif pada tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol dosis toksik melalui penurunan kadar serum kreatinin tikus.
... M. balbisiana fruit pulp is rich in both macronutrients and micronutrients such as carbohydrates, starch, protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron [10]. Different parts of M. balbisiana have been reported for medicinal benefits with significant amounts of bioactive compounds such as gallic acid, epicatechin, rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin and apigenin [2,11]. Polyphenols-rich ripe pulp of M. balbisiana has cardioprotective properties and ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities [12]. ...
Musa balbisiana Colla belongs to the family Musaceae which is well-known for its nutritional and pharmacological properties. Here, we have analysed the phytochemical content and evaluated the nutritional, antioxidant, anti-glycation, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition potential. Moreover, for the first time, we have studied the bioenergetic profiles of the bioactive fractions of M. balbisiana seeds extract against oxidative stress-related mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction using XFe24 extracellular flux analyzer. M. balbisiana seeds have high nutritional values with significant levels of carbohydrates, starch, protein, and minerals (Ca, Na, Mg, Cu, Fe, and Zn). Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of M. balbisiana seeds revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest antioxidant, anti-glycation, and phytochemical content as compared to other fractions. Moreover, the EAF showed a lower α-amylase inhibition and a higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Most importantly, our GC-MS analyses of EAF revealed the presence of unique and previously unreported 14 phytochemical compounds. A strong correlation between the biological activities and total phenolic/tannin content was observed. In addition, the bioactive fraction of M. balbisiana seeds (EAF) improved the bioenergetic profiles of free fatty acid-induced oxidative stress with a concomitant increase in ATP production, and respiratory and glycolytic capacity. Altogether, our findings suggest that M. balbisiana seeds can be used as a natural supplement to boost antioxidant levels and combat oxidative stress and non-enzymatic glycation.
... So, healthy snack becomes the alternative options for the customers. Bananas are one of the most commonly consumed fruits and classified to be the fourth rank of the world's important food crops after rice, wheat and corn [3]. In addition, the banana consists of a number of phytochemical compounds (phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, sterols and triterpenes), attributing with a wide range of health benefits including antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-helminthic [4]. ...
The global market value of snack foods increases annually. However, overconsumption of snack foods, especially junk foods causes various health problems. Healthy snacks are therefore considered as the alternative choices for the customers. Banana is one of the materials used for healthy snack production such as banana chips due to its high health-promoting compounds. However, the fried chips contain high oil content due to deep frying process, leading to a risk of health problems and short shelf-life. In this study, we propose different combination techniques as a pre-frying treatment such as hydrocolloids coating (guar gum or carboxyl methyl cellulose) combined with freezing and moisture reduction combined with freezing (MRF). The quality parameters (moisture content, color values, hardness and oil content using extraction and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) techniques) were assessed. The average oil temperature was the highest in MRF followed by carboxyl methyl cellulose coating combined with freezing (CMCF) and guar gum coating combined with freezing (GGF), respectively. MRF had a lower moisture and fat content but a higher brown hue compared to the other treatments. A red area obtained from CLSM images was highly correlated with the oil content measured by the extraction method. Furthermore, a high correlation between quality parameters and pre-frying treatments was found using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA can be used to select the most appropriate pre-frying treatment based on the desired quality parameters. MRF was the most appropriate method to reduce oil absorption by 40% reduction.
... Micronutrients may be found in abundance in fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, these foods are high in phytochemical compounds (mostly polyphenols), which have a variety of wellbeing properties (Singh et al., 2016a). These phytochemicals reduce oxidative stress and have synergistic actions, resulting in antiinflammatory, antibacterial, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor, and cognitive activities (Kang et al., 2011;Zielinski et al., 2014;Sing et al., 2016b). ...
The current research was undertaken to compare the proximate composition and antioxidant activity of different parts of green and ripe passion fruit. The proximate composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of different parts of passion fruit were analyzed by standard methods. According to the results, the ash content of the peel and seed of ripe passion fruit was higher than that of the green one, but only significant (P<0.05) for the seed. Besides, the crude fiber, carbohydrates, and protein content of the peel, pulp, and seed of ripe passion fruit were relatively higher (P<0.05) than those of the green one. At P<0.05, the fat content of green peel and pulp was higher than that of ripe, but the seed content of ripe was higher. The peel and pulp of green passion fruit contain the highest amounts of total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) than ripe passion fruit (P<0.05). The highest amount of TPC is contained in the seed of green passion fruit than in ripe fruit (P>0.05), but the seed of ripe fruit contains TFC almost twice as much as green fruit (P<0.05). It was also found that the peel and pulp of ripe passion fruit contain a higher percentage of total antioxidant activity (TAA) and vitamin C (P<0.05) than the pulp of a green one. The seed of the green one contains a slightly higher percentage of TAA than the seed of the ripe fruit (P<0.05), but vitamin C was opposite (P<0.05). It is concluded that the pulp, peel, and seed of green and ripe passion fruit have great potential as a health-promoting source that is normally underutilized.
... Carotenoids are the major classes of bioactive compounds present in tomatoes. These plant pigments are produced by isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway with main roles as antioxidants (Singh et al., 2016). Lycopene and Beta-carotene among others are main carotenoids present in tomatoes (Martı et al., 2016). ...
... Carotenoids are the major classes of bioactive compounds present in tomatoes. These plant pigments are produced by isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway with main roles as antioxidants (Singh et al., 2016). Lycopene and Beta-carotene among others are main carotenoids present in tomatoes (Martı et al., 2016). ...
... Carotenoids are the major classes of bioactive compounds present in tomatoes. These plant pigments are produced by isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway with main roles as antioxidants (Singh et al., 2016). Lycopene and Beta-carotene among others are main carotenoids present in tomatoes (Martı et al., 2016). ...
... Carotenoids are the major classes of bioactive compounds present in tomatoes. These plant pigments are produced by isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway with main roles as antioxidants (Singh et al., 2016). Lycopene and Beta-carotene among others are main carotenoids present in tomatoes (Martı et al., 2016). ...
... Carotenoids are the major classes of bioactive compounds present in tomatoes. These plant pigments are produced by isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway with main roles as antioxidants (Singh et al., 2016). Lycopene and Beta-carotene among others are main carotenoids present in tomatoes (Martı et al., 2016). ...
... Carotenoids are the major classes of bioactive compounds present in tomatoes. These plant pigments are produced by isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway with main roles as antioxidants (Singh et al., 2016). Lycopene and Beta-carotene among others are main carotenoids present in tomatoes (Martı et al., 2016). ...
... There exist vast number of flora unexplored for its anti-inflammatory effect and scientific validation is required for the medicinal use of these plants. Banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.) belongs to the family Musaceae is an important fruit crop in the World (Begum & Deka, 2020;Mathew & Negi, 2021;Singh, Singh, Kaur, & Singh, 2016;Vilhena et al., 2020). All the parts of banana are considered edible or medicinal, however, banana bracts are generally considered agricultural waste (Preethi & Balakrishnamurthy, 2011). ...
Banana is an important fruit crop in the World and produced at large. Banana bract is the rich source of anthocyanin however, its biological activity is least explored. In the present study, anthocyanin-rich extract from banana bract (BBA) was prepared and characterized for the presence of various phytoconstituents using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). Anti-inflammatory property of BBA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells was studied. LC-ESI/MS/MS analysis identified the presence of various phenolics compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanin in BBA. BBA showed in vitro antioxidant activity. LPS stimulation decreased the cell viability whereas BBA treatment preserved the macrophage cell viability against LPS. BBA suppressed the LPS-stimulated NO, pro-inflammatory and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells. BBA increased the endogenous antioxidants level against LPS-stimulation. BBA inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB under LPS-stimulated conditions. Altogether, the phytoconstituents present in BBA would have acted synergistically to bring anti-inflammatory activity.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464623002281
... Banana (Musa spp.) is a major horticultural fruit grown in tropical and subtropical regions, serving as a rich source of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, carbohydrates, and bioactive compounds [1][2][3]. Originating from Asia, bananas are now widely produced in the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Commercially, bananas are harvested at physiological maturity (green stage) and subjected to controlled atmosphere rooms, where they are treated with ethylene for de-greening and ripening [4]. ...
Rapid ripening and softening due to cell wall polysaccharide degradation and disassembly pose major challenges in extending fruit storability. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of Opuntia ficus indica mucilage (OFIM) edible coating in minimizing softening in bananas under retail conditions. Mucilage was extracted from freshly harvested prickly pear cladodes and dried into a powder. Phenolic compounds in OFIM powder were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). OFIM concentrations (1, 2 and 3 % (w/v)) were prepared, and their physicochemical properties were examined. The prepared coatings were applied to harvested banana fruit by dipping and stored at room temperature for 12 days. During the experiment, several parameters were measured, including fruit weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), peel color, pulp firmness, ethylene production, respiration rate, ion leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, chlorophyll-degrading enzymes, protopectin content and water-soluble pectin (WSP) and softening-related enzymes in the peel. Results showed that mucilage treatments effectively delayed cell wall and chlorophyll degradation, as well as carotenoid accumulation, thus inhibiting ripening-associated processes compared to control fruit. OFIM-treated fruit exhibited significantly higher firmness, chlorophyll content, and TA, lower TSS content, ethylene production, respiration rate, MDA concentration, ion leakage and protopectin content than uncoated fruit. This suggests that OFIM edible coating has the potential to maintain quality and extend the shelf life of bananas by suppressing softening enzymes during storage.
... "Banana is rich in nutritive value with high carbohydrates (22.2%), fibre (0.84%), protein (1.1%), water (75.7%), and fat (0.2%)" [8]. Different parts of the Banana such as leaf, flower, pseudo stem, fruits used in medicine for the treatment of diseases like stomach disorder, arthritis, anaemia, kidney stone, neurodegenerative disease, etc. [9]. Bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acid with anti-tumor, anti-depression, anti-bacterial, and anti-ulcergenic properties present in Banana pulp. ...
Aim: The study was undertaken with a view to standardize a protocol for in vitro regeneration of Banana cv. Grand naine using shoot tip of sucker as an explant Methodology: In present study, explants sterilized with different sterilizing agents such as Tween-20 (1%), Bavistin (0.5-1%), Streptomycin sulphate (250 mg/L), Ascorbic acid (150 mg/L) + Citric acid (100 mg/L), HgCl2 (0.1%) and 70% ethanol.Sterilized explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth hormones for shoot initiation BAP alone (1.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 mg/L) and BAP (3.0 mg/L) in combination with IAA and IBA (2.0 mg/L), elongation BAP (3.0 mg/L) and NAA (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L) and rooting IAA (1.0, 1.5 mg/L) and IBA (1.0, 1.5 mg/L). Primary and secondaryhardening was done in potting mixture containing autoclaved black soil: vermicompost: cocopeat (1:1:1) and garden black soil, cocopeat and red soil (1:1:1) respectively. Results: In present investigation 1% Bavistin (fungicide) showed maximum respond to prevent fungal contamination. Highest shoot initiation (100%) was observed on a MS medium fortified with BAP (1.5 mg/L). Maximum shoot length (10.7 cm) was recorded on a MS medium supplemented with BAP (3.0 mg/L) + NAA (2.0 mg/L) + Activated charcoal. Maximum root initiation was observed on half strength MS medium supplemented with IAA (1.5 mg/L). In vitro regenerated plantlets hardened on the mixture of autoclaved black soil: vermicompost: cocopeat (1:1:1). After 14 weeks In vitro plantlets transferred in green house for acclimatization where, 80% survival rate was recorded. Conclusion: Regeneration protocol was successfully standardized. Therefore, itcan be used for large scale propagation of healthy, disease and virus free planting material and In vitro propagation helps to meet higher demand of healthy planting material within shorter period.
... While the sweet fruits of dessert bananas are popular in Europe and North America, plantains or cooking bananas are commonly eaten as a staple food in Africa and Latin America where they provide food security, as well as employment opportunities [2]. Furthermore, banana fruits are rich in several health-promoting minerals and beneficial phytochemicals such as vitamins and flavonoids [3]. ...
Objective
Bananas are one of the most popular fruits in the world, providing food security and employment opportunities in several developing countries. Increasing the anthocyanin content of banana fruit could improve the health-promoting properties. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is largely regulated at the transcriptional level. However, relatively little is known about the transcriptional activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in banana.
Results
We analysed the regulatory activity of three Musa acuminata MYBs that were predicted by bioinformatic analysis to transcriptionally regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in banana. MaMYBA1, MaMYBA2 and MaMYBPA2 did not complement the anthocyanin-deficient phenotype of the Arabidopsis thaliana pap1/pap2 mutant. However, co-transfection experiments in A. thaliana protoplasts showed that MaMYBA1, MaMYBA2 and MaMYBPA2 function as components of a transcription factor complex with a bHLH and WD40 protein, the so called MBW complex, resulting in the activation of the A. thaliana ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE and DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4-REDUCTASE promoters. The activation potential of MaMYBA1, MaMYBA2 and MaMYBPA2 was increased when combined with the monocot Zea mays bHLH ZmR instead of the dicot AtEGL3. This work paves the path towards decoding the MBW complex-mediated transcriptional activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in banana. It will also facilitate research towards increased anthocyanin content in banana and other monocot crops.
... Antioxidants can decrease damage caused by oxidative stress in diabetics so that blood glucose levels are controlled and possible risks of complications can be decreased [57], [58]. For instance, carotenoids, such as lutein, can increase immunity and lower the risk of diabetes [50], [59]. They work against ROS by reducing ROS levels and reversing down-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2, HO-1, catalase, and SOD 2 in APRE-19 cells. ...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common disease, where about 90% of Indonesians suffer from high white rice consumption. According to various reports, analog rice from many raw materials has benefits for T2DM. This review aimed to identify nutritional content that can be found in various local raw materials for T2DM. In addition, this review explained the antidiabetic effects and mechanisms of the nutritional content. PRISMA guidelines were utilized as the basis of this systematic review. Relevant and related studies were determined by databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Garuda. The identification process in those databases resulted in 284 articles, with only 56 articles included based on the final paper criteria. The primary keywords for the identification process include analog rice, T2DM, antidiabetic, glycemic index (GI), and fiber. Meanwhile, the secondary keywords are based on the review's local raw materials, such as purple yam, corn, banana, sorghum, and cassava. As a result, studies found nutritional compounds with antidiabetic properties inside analog rice made from different local raw materials. which each of them has different mechanisms to overcome T2DM. Therefore, the consumption of analog rice from purple yam, corn, banana, sorghum, and cassava has the potential to prevent T2DM.
... [105] They have a broad therapeutic potential attributed to their antioxidant capabilities, which are due to their ability to act as reducing agents, hydrogen donors, and neutralizers of free radicals according to their ox-reduction potential. [106] The primary phenolic components found in pulse seeds are condensed tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, which are classified as flavanols, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanins. [103] Besides, phenolic acids discovered in pulses are either cinnamic acid (e.g., caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, and p-coumaric acid) or benzoic acid (e.g., gallic, syringic, and vanillic acid) derivatives, found as esters of caffeic and quinic acids. ...
Pulses are edible seeds belonging to the Leguminosae family for human consumption and consist of various species such as common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), peas (Pisum sativum), lentils (Lens culinaris), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.), and faba beans (Vicia faba). Pulses are sustainable sources of nutritional compounds, especially containing almost twice the protein content compared to cereal grains. In addition to becoming an excellent source of macronutrients and micronutrients, they are abundant in phyto-chemicals, containing bioactive compounds with potential health benefits resulting from various phenolic compounds, as well as antinutritional compounds (e.g. phytic acid, enzyme inhibitors, lectins, saponins), which have received widespread concern by researchers. More essentially, various processing approaches for consumption purposes will result not only in enhanced nutritional and sensory characteristics in pulses but also in affected phytochemicals contents and their bioavailability. In this review, the nutritional and phytochemical compositions of pulses will be first introduced , followed by different common-applied processing methods (thermal and non-thermal), along with their impacts and pulse storage effects on the content of corresponding phytochemicals. Furthermore, through food processing and digestion, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of pulse phy-tochemicals will be improved, thus releasing more health benefits, and expressing pharmacological functions in the human body.
... Acerola is rich in flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, and ascorbic acid (Prakash et al., 2018) [38] . Banana is a good source of phytosterols, carotenoids, and phenolics [45] . Brown rice is rich in tocotrienol, tocopherol, oryzanol, and amino acids (Ravichanthiran et al., 2018) [40] . ...
Energy bars are compact, energy-rich, composite food in which cereals are present in major amounts. Apart from meal replacers, energy bars can be used as a dense and portable source of carbohydrates. Bars are classified as ready-to-eat formulations which are usually based on whole cereal grains, seeds, plants (non-dairy ingredients), and certain animal-based products such as dairy ingredients. An energy bar (45-80 g) generally contains 3-9 g fat, 7-15 g protein, and 20-40 g carbohydrates that can supply about 200-300 kcal (840-1,300 kJ) energy. Skim milk powder and high protein powders such as milk protein concentrate and milk protein isolate can also act as suitable ingredients for bars. Many food constituents with proven functionality can be added to bars to improve their nutritional potential to cater to the need of different consumer segments. By appropriate ingredient selection and efficient processing interventions, low-cost energy bars can be developed. However, further research is necessary to find the potential of plant by-products in bars to minimize nutrient wastage and maintain the production economy.
... Existing studies have shown that tannins are easy to influence the activity of enzyme due to their complex structure and binding characteristics. Tannins are composed of condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins, which extensively distributed in plants [9] . Condensed tannins, namely procyanidins, consist of favan-3-ol units, covering (epi) catechin, (epi) gallocatechin, and little (epi) afzelechin, which are linked by carbon-carbon bonds [10,11] . ...
... It also contains antifungal and antibiotic properties, which benefit human health [7]. Many studies on banana pulp have been done, ranging from being used as a food fortification element to extracting and recovering various healthful ingredients, such as bioactive phytochemicals, starch, and cellulose [8]. As the production of the fruit increases, the waste of their peel is also expected to increase. ...
Banana is one of the popular fruits among consumers due to their excellent nutritional value. However, banana peel, the fruit’s main secondary product or a significant by-product in banana processing, is generally abandoned and discarded as waste. Banana peels are rich in nutritional content such as protein, carbohydrates, fat, moisture, and ash contents. They are also high in bioactive compounds such as phenolic (flavonoids) and various types of carotenoids (lutein, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene). Phenolic compounds effectively protect the human body against various diseases, specifically oxidative stress-related diseases. Due to all the advantages of banana peels, plenty of potential utilization could be explored, including citric acid production by Aspergillus niger, traditional medicine, foods, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as dietary incorporation. Thus, this paper discussed the nutritional contents and bioactive compounds of banana peel and their potential utilization as food additives, supplements, and pharmaceuticals. This could then help to minimize the number of agro-solid waste disposal from the food industry by processing the waste into value-added products.
In this study, for the first time we present the application of an infrared (IR) laser ablation-remote-electrospray ionization (LARESI) platform coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) operated in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) or multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes for targeted metabolite imaging in intact plant tissues. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of specific metabolites in banana tissue sections from two commercially available banana varieties: Red Dacca and Cavendish banana ( Musa acuminata from AAA banana cultivar group). To support MSI results, an extensive analysis of banana tissue extracts was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-UHRMS). In the Cavendish banana , 12 metabolites were successfully identified, while Red Dacca Bananas were found to contain 16 amino acids. The spatial distribution of some of these compounds found in bananas was presented for the first time. The results highlight the potential of the LARESI MSI technique as a highly sensitive and rapid method for targeted imaging of plant tissues. Importantly, this approach eliminates the need for high vacuum conditions and the pretreatment of biological materials, making it an efficient and promising tool for studying metabolites in plant tissues.
Banana is an important fruit crop in the World and produced at large. Banana bract is the rich source of anthocyanin however, its biological activity is least explored. In the present study, anthocyanin-rich extract from banana bract (BBA) was prepared and characterized for the presence of various phytoconstituents using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). Anti-inflammatory property of BBA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells was studied. LC-ESI/MS/MS analysis identified the presence of various phenolics compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanin in BBA. BBA showed in vitro antioxidant activity. LPS stimulation decreased the cell viability whereas BBA treatment preserved the macrophage cell viability against LPS. BBA suppressed the LPS-stimulated NO, pro-inflammatory and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells. BBA increased the endogenous antioxidants level against LPS-stimulation. BBA inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB under LPS-stimulated conditions. Altogether, the phytoconstituents present in BBA would have acted synergistically to bring anti-inflammatory activity.
Literature on the usefulness and importance of varied organic fertilizers including plantain peels for tomato production is increasing. In Ghana, plantain peels are widely available throughout the year and are a source of common organic waste with great potential as a feed-stock for compost production. However, compared with inorganic fertilizers, nutrients from organic sources such as plantain peels release nutrients slowly which can negatively impact crop yields. It has also been established that the majority of farmers depend on chemical fertilizers for tomato production although these may have unfavourable side effects on the yield of tomatoes as well as on the health of both the plant and the soil compared with the use of organic fertilizers. To ascertain the potential of plantain peels as an alternative source of nutrients for tomato production with the hope of minimizing pollution of the environment by discarded peels and improvement of soil quality using plantain peel compost. This project accessed the nutritional quality of liquid and solid plantain peel compost and reviewed available literature on the effects of both organic and inorganic fertilizer on tomato production. The positive and the negative impacts of the fertilizer types on crop yield, soil quality and texture and subsequent environmental effects were discussed. Analysis of solid and liquid compost of plantain peels revealed better nutrient quality in the solid compost. Literature reviewed confirmed a relatively quicker release of required nutrients from inorganic fertilizers but with negative effects on soil compared to the use of organic fertilizers. Thus the inclusion of plantain peels solid compost could be employed to augment the nutrient needs of tomatoes, especially in small-scale production systems and may be used together with inorganic fertilizers on a large scale to reduce costs and unfavourable effects of chemicals on both the crop and the environment
Banana is a plant in the Musaceae family, which is of great economic importance among the plants grown in the world. Banana, which is grown in more than 120 countries in the world, mainly in the tropics and some subtropics, is mostly grown in the Mediterranean coastal region between the 36th and 37th north latitudes in Turkey and in greenhouse cultivation. Banana fruits are very beneficial for human health thanks to the many bioactive compounds they contain such as phenolic, biogenic amine, carotenoid. It is also nutritious with vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E and rich potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, calcium and iodine content. There are many biotic and abiotic disease agents that cause yield and quality losses in banana cultivation. Especially ripe fruits are very sensitive to microorganism attacks because they contain high humidity and rich nutrients. Fungi are one of the most important biotic agents that cause serious losses in plant production, both during aquaculture and in the post-harvest period. Various rot diseases caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, different Fusarium species and Thielaviopsis paradoxa, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. cigar tip rot caused by Musicillium theobromae, wilt (Panama disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and Sigatoka disease caused by Mycosphaerella species are the most common diseases in banana cultivation in the world. In Turkey, although the researches on the detection and control of fungal disease agents in banana cultivation are limited, some studies conducted in recent years have begun to report various disease agents. In this review, fungal disease agents and general control methods in banana cultivation are discussed.
Banana plays a vital role in the nutrition and well-being of millions of people. With the change in lifestyle, people prefer convenient foods and pizza is one among it. In this study, pizza base was prepared by partial replacement of semolina with banana based composite flours, viz., green-banana flour (GBF), banana modified-starch (BMS) and banana peel-flour (BP). Addition of GBF, BMS and BP increased the ash and crude-fibre content of formulated dough. Pizza base prepared with banana based composite flour recorded positive effect on nutritional profile with 19–27% reduction in calories. Increase in higher level of substitution decreased the spread-ratio and specific volume after baking. Low gluten content (up to18-24%) in developed product is a positive outcome of substitution. The presence of total carotenoids in the GBF influenced the colour property of the final product with improved yellowness index (YI) values. Addition of BMS attributed to increased firmness values in composite pizza base. Sensory evaluation showed that formulation with 10% GBF, 0.4% BMS and 0.6% BP was preferred with acceptable colour, firm crumb and taste next to control. Therefore, the addition of nutritionally rich GBF, BMS and BP, can possibly be a choice to develop fibre enriched, low gluten pizza base with commercial feasibility and functional health benefits.
Pulses have been consumed worldwide for over 10 centuries and are currently among the most widely used foods. They are not economically important, but also nutritionally beneficial as they constitute a good source of protein, fibre, vitamins and minerals such as iron, zinc, folate and magnesium. Pulses, but particularly species such as Macrotyloma uniflorum, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Glycine max L. and Vigna umbellate, are essential ingredients of the local diet in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Consuming pulses can have a favourable effect on cardiovascular health as they improve serum lipid profiles, reduce blood pressure, decrease platelet activity, regulate blood glucose and insulin levels, and reduce inflammation. Although pulses also contain anti-nutritional compounds such as phytates, lectins or enzyme inhibitors, their deleterious effects can be lessened by using effective processing and cooking methods. Despite their great potential, however, the use of some pulses is confined to IHR regions. This comprehensive review discusses the state of the art in available knowledge about various types of pulses grown in IHR in terms of chemical and nutritional properties, health effects, accessibility, and agricultural productivity.
Health related problems due to vitamin A deficiency affect a large part of the world’s population.
Enhancing the levels of vitamin A in staple foods is regarded as a sustainable food-based approach
that can have a significant long term beneficial impact on optimising vitamin A intake. Banana and
plantain (Musa spp.) is the staple food crop for millions of people in Africa and other parts of the world.
Increasing the nutritional qualities of Musa spp. will translate into improved diets. This study used
high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the β-carotene content of 47 banana
genotypes from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) germplam collection in Uganda
and used a color meter to assess the correlation between pulp color intensity and β-carotene levels.
There was wide variability in β-carotene levels within and among the different groups of banana
studied. Banana genotypes from Papua New Guinea (PNG) had the highest levels of β-carotene with
values as high as 2594.0 μg/100 g edible pulp. A positive correlation existed between pulp color
intensity and β-carotene concentration. Accessions with relatively high levels of β-carotene, especially
the PNG genotypes, could be deployed to regions with high vitamin A deficiency and/or be used as
parents for development of vitamin dense varieties. The PNG genotypes could be useful in genetic
studies related to vitamin A in banana.
For some classes of dietary polyphenols, there are now sufficient intervention studies to indicate the type and magnitude of effects among humans in vivo, on the basis of short-term changes in biomarkers. Isoflavones (genistein and daidzein, found in soy) have significant effects on bone health among postmenopausal women, together with some weak hormonal effects. Monomeric catechins (found at especially high concentrations in tea) have effects on plasma antioxidant biomarkers and energy metabolism. Procyanidins (oligomeric catechins found at high concentrations in red wine, grapes, cocoa, cranberries, apples, and some supplements such as Pycnogenol) have pronounced effects on the vascular system, including but not limited to plasma antioxidant activity. Quercetin (the main representative of the flavonol class, found at high concentrations in onions, apples, red wine, broccoli, tea, and Ginkgo biloba) influences some carcinogenesis markers and has small effects on plasma antioxidant biomarkers in vivo, although some studies failed to find this effect. Compared with the effects of polyphenols in vitro, the effects in vivo, although significant, are more limited. The reasons for this are 1) lack of validated in vivo biomarkers, especially in the area of carcinogenesis; 2) lack of long-term studies; and 3) lack of understanding or consideration of bioavailability in the in vitro studies, which are subsequently used for the design of in vivo experiments. It is time to rethink the design of in vitro and in vivo studies, so that these issues are carefully considered. The length of human intervention studies should be increased, to more closely reflect the long-term dietary consumption of polyphenols.
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Banana cultivars––Luvhele (MusaABB), Mabonde (MusaAAA), and Muomva-red (Musa balbisiana) ––were characterized for morphological, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties. All three cultivars varied significantly (P < 0.05) in their morphology, pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids with no significant difference in their ash content. Individual cultivars showed variations in flour starch granule when observed using a scanning electron microscope. Characterization of cultivars for total polyphenols (TPs) and antioxidant activity upon pretreatment with ascorbic, citric, and lactic acid shows that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay of samples varied significantly as Muomva-red cultivar (1.02 ± 0.01 mg GA/g) expressed the highest DPPH activity at lactic acid concentration of 20 g/L. Total polyphenol content was also highest for Muomva-red [1091.76 ± 122.81 mg GAE/100 g (d.w.)]. The high amount of TPs present in these cultivars make them suitable source of bio-nutrients with great medicinal and health functions.
In this study, we explored the effects of consumption of banana in thirty hypercholesterolemic and fifteen type 2 diabetic subjects. They were given a daily dose of 250 or 500 grams of banana for breakfast for 12 weeks. Fasting serum lipid, glucose and insulin levels were measured initially as well as every 4 weeks. Daily consumption of banana significantly lowered fasting blood glucose (from 99 ± 7.7 to 92 ± 6.9 and 102 ± 7.3 to 92 ± 5.7 mg x dL(-1) (p < 0.05) after consuming banana 250 or 500 g/day for 4 wk, respectively) and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (from 2.7 ± 0.98 to 2.4 ± 0.85 and 2.8 ± 0.95 to 2.5 ± 0.79, p < 0.005) in hypercholesterolemic volunteers. Analysis of blood glycemic response after eating banana showed significantly lower 2 h-postprandial glucose level compared to baseline in hypercholesterolemic volunteers given a dose of 250 g/day. The changes of blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients were not statistically significant, but for plasma levels of adiponectin, there were significantly increased (from 37.5 ± 9.36 to 48.8 ± 7.38 ngnml1, p < 0.05) compared to baseline. Although it remains to be confirmed with larger group of volunteers, this pilot study has demonstrated that daily consumption of banana (@ 250 g/day) is harmless both in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic volunteers and marginally beneficial to the later.
Ferulic acid (FA), a ubiquitous natural phenolic phytochemical presents in seeds, leaves, bothin its free form and covalently conjugated to the plant cell wall polysaccharides, glycoproteins,polyamines, lignin and hydroxy fatty acids. FA plays a vital role in providing the rigidity to the cell wall and formation of other important organic compounds like coniferyl alcohol, vanillin, sinapic, diferulic acid and curcumin. FA exhibits wide variety of biological activities such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antiallergic, hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antithrombotic, increase sperm viability, antiviral and vasodilatory actions, metal chelation, modulation of enzyme activity, activation of transcriptional factors, gene expression and signal transduction.
Banana peel is an underused by-product that can be processed to obtain flour that is more easily stored for further uses. The extracts of banana peel flour exhibited a high total phenolic content (around 29 mg/g, as GAE) due to the occurrence of important amounts of flavonoid phenolics: highly polymerized prodelphinidins (around 3952 mg/kg), followed by decreasing lower contents of flavonol glycosides (mainly 3-rutinosides and predominantly quercetin-based structures, accounting for around 129 mg/kg), B-type procyanidin dimers and monomeric flavan-3-ols (jointly around 126 mg/kg). The high total phenolic content of extracts of banana peel flour is likely responsible for the very high antioxidant activity (μM/g, as Trolox equivalents) measured by three different methods: FRAP, around 14 μM/g; ABTS, around 242 μM/g; and ORAC, around 436 μM/g. All these results suggest the interest in going in depth of the good use of banana peel as a profitable source of bioactive phenolic compounds.
In the present study, we investigate the antiulcerogenic effect of gallic acid against aspirin plus pyrolus ligation-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Rats were treated with gallic acid (100 and 200 mg/kg) and famotidine (20 mg/kg) for 1 week, followed by induction of gastric ulcer using the aspirin plus pyrolus ligation model. At the end of 4 h after ligation, the rats were sacrificed and ulcer index, gastric juice volume, pH and other biochemical parameter of gastric juice were evaluated. Stomachs of rats were evaluated biochemically to determine oxidant and antioxidant parameters. Pretreatment with gallic acid significantly decreased ulcer index, gastric juice volume, free and total acidity, total protein, DNA content and increased pH and carbohydrates concentration. Gallic acid at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg exerted 69.7 and 78.9% ulcer inhibition, respectively. The levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidise, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were increased while reduction in myeloperoxidase and lipid peroxidation were observed in the stomach tissues of the drug treated rats. The histopathological studies further confirmed the antiulcer activity of gallic acid. We conclude that the gallic acid possesses antiulcer effect and that these occur by a mechanism that involves attenuation of offensive factors, improvement of mucosal defensive with activation of antioxidant parameters and inhibition of some toxic oxidant parameters.
The objective of the present work was to characterize banana accessions from the Germplasm Bank at Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical (Brazil), using agronomical, physical and physicochemical characteristics of fruit and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Twenty-six accessions were analyzed, in which high genetic variability was found, especially for the agronomical characters number of fruit and weight of bunch. Accessions with high contents of carotenoids (diploid 'Jaran'), polyphenols (triploid 'Caipira' and tetraploid 'Teparod') and vitamin C (diploid 'Tuugia' and an unknown triploid AAA) in the fruit were identified. Thirteen microsatellite primers revealed an average of 7.23 alleles, which showed high variability. A dendrogram was prepared using the Gower algorithm for the distance matrices obtained from the agronomical, physical and physicolchemical analysis of fruit and SSR markers. Adopting the average genetic divergence as the cut-off point, three clusters were found: G1, formed by the diploids 'Jaran', 028003-01 and M-48; G2, by the diploids 'Malbut' and 'Ido 110'; and G3, by 21 tri-and tetraploid accessions, including one diploid, 'Tuugia'. The triploids with the B genome 'Thap Maeo', 'Walha', 'Pacha Nadan' and 'Champa Madras' were grouped in G2. Results from this work can be used for breeding hybrids with good agronomical traits and fruit quality.
Summary Chemical composition in different parts of banana pulp was determined. Ash and protein mean concentrations in the central part of the pulp were higher than in the me- dium part, and these were higher than those in the external part. The mean concentrations of the fiber (total and non-soluble) in the central part were higher than those found in the other parts. Ascorbic acid behaved inversely; the mean concentration significantly decrea- sed from the external part to the central part. The central part contained the highest mean concentrations of the analysed minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn), with statisti- cally significant differences for Cu, Zn and Ca. A tendency to differentiate the pulp sam- ples of banana as a function of the part considered was observed after using factor anal- ysis. The samples from the central part were different from those from the external part. The samples of the medium part overlapped with those of the other two parts.
The present study was undertaken to examine antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of jambolan fruit polyphenols against reference pathogenic strains (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA], Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans) and were compared to that of polyphenol standards (gallic acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, sinapic acid and delphinidin chloride). DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays showed that antioxidant activity for different polyphenols varied significantly (P < 0.05). Gallic acid and quercetin showed higher antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS) than the other standards. Jambolan fruit polyphenol extract exhibited a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against reference pathogenic strains with a zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration in the range from 14.3 to 23.0 mm and 0.5-2.5 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, most of the polyphenol standards inhibited the growth of pathogens used in this study.
Phenolic compounds were analyzed in the outer, middle and inner layers of the peel and in the pulp of bananas during ripening from the ripening-initiation. The major phenolic compound found was dopamine followed by 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), tyramine and tyrosine in all portions of the bananas. These compounds located mainly in the outer layer of peel followed by the middle and inner layers of the peel and the pulp. The concentration of dopamine decreased during ripening in all portions of the fruit, particularly in the outer layer of the peel in which senescent spotting appeared at a late stage of storage. On the other hand, those of the other compounds, namely L-DOPA, tyrosine and tyramine increased during ripening. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was detected in all portions of the fruit ; however, it increased only in the outer layer of the peel. Short-term (24h) nitrogen-gas treatment of the ripening-initiated banana delayed the induction of senescent spotting and the decrease in dopamine content, while it increased the PPO activity of the nitrogen-gas-treated bananas to the same extent as that of air-treated bananas. These results indicate that dopamine is used as substrate of PPO for the formation of brown pigments of senescent spotting.
This study was undertaken to prepare antioxidant-rich gluten-free eggless muffins from rice flour blended with varying amounts of jambolan fruit pulp (JFP) and xanthan gum (XG). The batters were evaluated for fundamental rheology, while muffins were analysed for physicochemical (colour, volume, water activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content), texture and sensory properties. The incorporation of JFP and XG increased batter viscoelasticity (increased G′ and G″ while decreased tan δ). JFP incorporation increased greenness (lower a* value), cohesiveness, resilience, water activity (aw), total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH and ABTS inhibition of the muffins. Further, XG improved muffin quality characteristics (appearance, specific volume and resilience). Sensory analyses revealed that JFP incorporation improved the consumer acceptability of the muffins.
In this present study, we probed the use of banana rhizome (BR), which is a bio-waste of banana plant as a source of polyphenols or antioxidants. Among the rhizome of eight commercial banana cultivars grown in India, cv. Nanjanagudu Rasabale (NR) displayed highest Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Hence, cv. NR is used to study phenolic compounds and Antioxidant Activities (AOA) in detail. Acetone extract of BR showed high AOA in all the seven in vitro models tested, namely total reducing power, DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching inhibition, anti-lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide scavenging with an EC50 value of 6.5, 16, 27, 30, 33, 61 and 54 µg/mL respectively, whereas methanol extract exhibited high metal chelating activity (EC50 value 24 µg/mL). In addition, phenolic compounds viz., gentisic acid, (+) catechin, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid were identified by RPHPLC–DAD and ESI–MS. AOA of BR extracts correlated well with TPC and TFC, which indicates the important role of polyphenols into the overall AOA. This study reveals that BR can be used as potential source of natural antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical industries. The spectrum of rich bio-functional properties may be an impetus to increase the utilization of BR.
Cited By (since 1996):13, Export Date: 18 October 2014
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Thirty-seven raw vegetables were extracted using four solvent systems: 70% acetone, 70% ethanol, 70% methanol, and distilled water. The extracts were tested for their total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities (using diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays). The results revealed the effect of different extracting solvents in altering the quantitative analyses of all vegetables and 70% acetone was identified as the most efficient solvent for extracting polyphenolic antioxidants from the vegetables. The highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were obtained from 70% acetone extract of Portulaca oleracea (138.2 ± 2.1 mg GAE/g dw basis) and 70% methanol extract of Cosmos caudatus (27.7 ± 1.0 mg QE/g dw basis), respectively. The 70% acetone extract of Etlingera elatior with moderate amount of total phenolic content exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in both assays. The correlation analyses within 37 different extracts of each solvent extraction demonstrated weak to moderate relationships between all the studied parameters. The highest r value of 0.7139 (p < 0.001) was determined between total phenolic contents and FRAP values of the 70% methanol extracts. Meanwhile, a wide range of correlation coefficients was derived from correlation analyses within four different extracts of each vegetable, with the highest relationship between total phenolic contents and FRAP values for the extracts of Coriandrum sativum (r = 0.9998, p < 0.001).
Since vitamin A deficiency is prevalent in many developing countries, we sought to focus research on local, affordable and well-accepted sources of provitamin A carotenoids. As dessert bananas are consumed fresh round the year and processed as products, this study investigated whether post-climacteric biochemical changes are linked to carotenoid degradation in four Indian varieties, one commercial (Cavendish, AAA), one Red banana (genome AAA) and two locally-important ones (genome AAB). Despite large differences in their ripening characteristics, textural loss was lesser in AABs than AAAs. High levels of carotenoids (21.0 μg/g FW), β-carotene (9.14 μg/g FW) and α-carotene (9.32 μg/g FW) were found in Red banana accounting for retinol activity equivalent of 114 μg/100 g FW. The carotenoid levels were lower in two local varieties and lowest in Cavendish, with no post-climacteric loss. Dry grits, prepared using Red banana pulp, milk powder and sugar, retained about 70% carotenoids and appeared useful in confectionaries.
Objective
To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of syringic acid, a natural phenolic compound on the levels of glycoprotein components in plasma and tissues of alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Methods
Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg b.w). Syringic acid (50 mg/kg b.w) was administered orally for 30 d. The effects of syringic acid on plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, plasma and tissue glycoproteins were studied.
Results
Oral administration of syringic acid (50 mg/kg b.w) for 30 d positively modulates the glycemic status in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The levels of plasma glucose were decreased with significant increase of plasma insulin and C-peptide level. The altered levels of plasma and tissue glycoprotein components were restored to near normal. No significant changes were noticed in normal rats treated with syringic acid.
Conclusions
The present findings suggest that syringic acid can potentially ameliorate glycoprotein components abnormalities in addition to its antidiabetic effect in experimental diabetes, further clinical studies are required to evaluate the use of syringic acid as an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Correlations between total phenolic and mineral contents with antioxidant activities of pulps and peels from eight banana (Musa sp.) cultivars were studied. The total phenolic contents were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method, and antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. The highest total phenolic content (76.37±1.79mgGAE/gd.w.) was obtained from the freeze-dried extract of fresh pulps of Raja cultivar. The maximum activity of DPPH (19.39±0.15mgTE/gd.w.) was recorded for the chloroform extract of dried peels of Mas cultivar. Meanwhile, the highest activity of FRAP was shown by most of the chloroform extracts of dried pulps, dominated by Awak cultivar (22.57±0.13mgTE/gd.w.). With few exceptions, peel extracts exhibited higher total phenolic content and stronger antioxidant activities than that of the pulps. Very weak correlation between total phenolic content and FRAP activity was observed, yet it is higher (r2=0.1614, p
Fruit and vegetable intake is associated with lower risk of chronic diseases as a result of consumption of antioxidant substances. Organic foods are thought to have higher antioxidant capacity, because this form of agricultural management could induce synthesis of secondary compounds such as polyphenols. The objective of this work is to evaluate polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity in organically (OG) and conventionally (CV) grown fruits and vegetables, as well as in different parts of the plants. Soluble and hydrolysable polyphenols were quantified by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and the antioxidant capacity was measured by the DPPH radical method. The results showed that organic fruits tend to have higher hydrolysable polyphenol contents than conventional ones, with values being 11.5% in orange peels, to 72.6% in papaya peels, higher for hydrolysable polyphenols. Fruit peels also showed higher concentration of polyphenols than pulp, reaching, for bananas and tangerines, twice the amount found in pulps, which reflected in higher antioxidant capacity. Polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity varied among organic and conventional vegetables with no prevalence from either agricultural type. This study suggests that the effect of organic practices results in different effect patterns according to the plant species analysed, with fruits being more susceptible to the induction of polyphenol synthesis, and the greatest accumulation of polyphenols in external plant tissues. In general, organic agriculture results in food products with similar or slightly higher polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity.
An enzyme system isolated from the pulp of banana fruit (Musa sapientum) was partially purified and characterized. The enzyme was capable of catalysing the hydroxylation of the monophenol, tyramine, to the diphenol, dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine). Unlike some tyrosinases, the reaction was not stimulated by catalytic amounts of diphenolic reaction product. Ascorbic acid, however, reduced the initial lag period in the oxidation of tyramine, stimulated the reaction rate and promoted the accumulation of dopamine during the first few minutes of the reaction. The hydroxylation of tyramine was apparently dependent upon molecular oxygen. On the basis of these observations it is tentatively suggested that the enzyme is a tyramine hydroxylase which may be responsible for the formation of dopamine in the banana.