Factorial structure of the Multicultural Latin American Anger Expression Inventory
Abstract
We presented a view of the conceptual and theoretical framework of anger and hostility that guided the construction of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (Smi). The goal of this study was to report the final selection and adaptation of the 44 items that comprise the Multicultural Latin American Anger Expression Inventory (ML-STAXI). In keeping with the conceptual definitions of stage-anger, trait-anger, and anger expression and control, new items were also constructed to replace those containing English idiomatic expressions. Utilizing a multicultural Latin American population sample, responses to the items, were factored by principal factor analysis with promax rotations to determine the level of correspondence of factor structure between these two instruments. The analyses substantially verified the factor structure of the ML-STAXI previously found in a Latin American sample. The NM-STAG presents with empirical evidence that demonstrates a high degree of construct validity and internal consistency as shown by its factorial structure and alpha correlations.
A review is presented of empiriial studies of cognitive-behavioral stress managenrent interventions with HIV-l positive individuals, conducted over the last few years. We examined the results that were rcported especially with regard to psychosocial and immune system stress responses after their notification of human immunodeficiency virus status. There is good evidence that stress maragement training such as aerobic exercise programs, coping skills, and relaxation exercises buffered the psychosocial impact of notification of seropositivity. The aerobic exercise program produces an increase in CD4+ cells as well as cardiovascular activity in termS of oxygen delivery from the heart..
Translating questionnaires for cross-cultural research is fraught with methodological pitfalls that threaten research validity. Some flaws are difficult to detect, leading to the erroneous conclusion that cultural differences are substantive when, in fact, they stem from semantic inconsistencies. We describe the process of translation and validation of the Hebrew version of an American questionnaire for cross-cultural comparisons of medical students' attitudes toward preventive medical services. The results provide evidence to support the validity of the Hebrew instrument for cross-cultural comparisons. Although it is always possible to contend that differences in cross-cultural comparisons result from metiodological flaws rather than actual differences, we believe that the arduous step-by-step process of validation described here reduces that possibility to an acceptable minimum.
The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) is a relatively new, 44-item instrument designed to measure anger as a situational emotional response (state) and as a predispositional quality (trait). The STAXI also contains three scales designed to assess three different dimensions of the expression of anger: (a) Anger-In, (b) Anger-Out, and (c) Anger-Control. This study was designed to examine the factor structure of the STAXI. A sample of 455 college students were administered the instrument, and a principal axis factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed for the 44 items. Additionally, coefficient alpha for each scale and scale intercorrelations are reported. The results of the factor analysis are similar to the scale structure claimed for this instrument.