Life Cycle Assessment in Conceptual Aircraft Design

Abstract

This excel sheet contains a methodology for life cycle assessment in conceptual aircraft design. Using this methodology, the environmental impact of the designed aircraft can be calculated. Additionally the driving in- and outputs, processes, life cycle phases, impact categories and design parameters for the environmental impact of aircraft can be identified.

Full text

LCA-AD

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LCA AD is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, License Version 3.
LCA AD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
& 
Go to LCA calculation

See the GNU General Public License for more details.
7899  99

Life Cycle Assessment in Conceptual Aircraft Design
Quick start guide
The tool consists of four sections covering the four phases of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The pluses and minuses on the left side can be used to navigate within the sections of the tool.
The entire required input data has to be entered in Section 2.1.1. Whenever a cell has a white background color, it is an input cell and the user can enter a value.
Cells with a grey background should normally not be changed. However, advanced users are invited to also play around with these cells.
To protect the user from unwanted modifications of the tool, the sheets and the workbook are protected (with the exception of the white input cells).
In case a user wants to make changes in protected areas, he simply has to unprotect the respective sheets or the workbook.
The final results of the LCA are presented in Section 3.3. The Single Score calculated in Seciton 3.3 represents the total Environmental Impact (EI) of an aircraft expressed in one score.
The sheet "LCA_Stat" provides statistics that have been used to determine several required parameters. Whenever such a statistical value is used, there is also a link to the respective statistic.
The sheet "LCA_Lit" provides the references used to determine several parameters. Whenever such a reference value is used, there is also a link to the respective reference.
The tool is based on several publications:
Equations from these publications are also displayed in the tool to make it more easily understandable for readers of the paper.
In order to properly run the tool, macros have to be activated. When the tool is opened, a pop-up will appear asking the user to enable macros.
1 Goal and Scope Definition
2 Life Cycle Inventory Analysis
3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment
4 Interpretation
"A First Step Towards The Integration Of Life Cycle Assessment Into Conceptual Aircraft Design" from DLRK 2013
"Adapting Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methods for Application in Aircraft Design" from DLRK 2014
"Comparison of the Potential Environmental Impact Improvements of Future Aircraft Concepts Using Life Cycle Assessment" from CEAS 2015
CO2 Emissions per process [g per pkm]
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The tool consists of four sections covering the four phases of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The pluses and minuses on the left side can be used to navigate within the sections of the tool.
The entire required input data has to be entered in Section 2.1.1. Whenever a cell has a white background color, it is an input cell and the user can enter a value.
Cells with a grey background should normally not be changed. However, advanced users are invited to also play around with these cells.
To protect the user from unwanted modifications of the tool, the sheets and the workbook are protected (with the exception of the white input cells).
In case a user wants to make changes in protected areas, he simply has to unprotect the respective sheets or the workbook.
The final results of the LCA are presented in Section 3.3. The Single Score calculated in Seciton 3.3 represents the total Environmental Impact (EI) of an aircraft expressed in one score.
The sheet "LCA_Stat" provides statistics that have been used to determine several required parameters. Whenever such a statistical value is used, there is also a link to the respective statistic.
The sheet "LCA_Lit" provides the references used to determine several parameters. Whenever such a reference value is used, there is also a link to the respective reference.
Equations from these publications are also displayed in the tool to make it more easily understandable for readers of the paper.
In order to properly run the tool, macros have to be activated. When the tool is opened, a pop-up will appear asking the user to enable macros.
"A First Step Towards The Integration Of Life Cycle Assessment Into Conceptual Aircraft Design" from DLRK 2013
"Adapting Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methods for Application in Aircraft Design" from DLRK 2014
"Comparison of the Potential Environmental Impact Improvements of Future Aircraft Concepts Using Life Cycle Assessment" from CEAS 2015
CO2 Emissions per process [g per pkm]
Percentage of processes on CO2 emissions
Summarized results of the inventory analysis [g/pkm]
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 ( 
:: = = 
:?  = ?
:; ?
:: 1
 ( !,D
:=; := ::?;
;>E :E ;E
  
 ( !,D
 <<: 
?E ;<E E
A  
 ( !,D
??  ;
?E ;>E =E
! 
 ( !,D
::< ;< =
;?E E E
3($6
 ( !,D
>  ?
:E E ??E
/6($6
 ( !,D
  =
?E E <E
+ 
 ( !,D
Go back to calculation

<< <>< ?
?E :;E E
; => ?
!-
&%
F=;= :> $0(&
#%#
:; ; $0(&
#2%$ #
+' ;? $0(&
#2%#
:?  $0(&
F=== ? $0(& #=0(&#
 :< $0(&

**&;%&&$
<  ( !,D
:=; := ::?;
   
 = =? 
   ?
G : ? ?
2  ( !,D
 <<: 
 ; ; ;
   
   
G   
0  ( !,D
??  ;
 ; ; ;
   
   
G   
=  ( !,D
::< ;< =
   
 ;? ;? 

   ?
G ? ? ?
#>  ( !,D
>  ?
  
 > 
  ?
G : ?
?>>  ( !,D
  =
  
 > 
  ?
G : ?
"  ( !,D
; < >:
 =? =? =?
   
   
G ? ? ?
"  ( !,D
 >:?; ::
  
 ; 
  ?
G  ?
 ( !,D
2 ? <=: <=>:
, :: >= >=
E E ?E ?E
, >?=: >?=? 
E =>E :E E
H   >??
E E E >=E
G ><<= >< >=<
E >E E >;E

)
1 13 
:; 
F=;= ;
:? 
- +5'+
=1
!I 9I  J*& % .
!  ! 
:; <
> 
& (%) : >; 
+@(%)HH : < ;
=;0@4@
A$I  (
 ?
:? ?
F=;= = ! %A*.
:; ? $3
,5 >
- A
A$I  (
( ?
:? ?
F=;= ><
!1B8#! ,%
:;  $3
,5 ?=>
- *'&&
,
,
,
,
,
,

B
+- .+
+, =
  ;:
,  =
: ;
B(4C,
D    ?E
D
: > ?
<7-$
::>=? :?=;= :;?=
<:? ::>> :?=<?>
:>:=< >;> ?::<
>== >: ><?
><< >;>< ?>?;;
<=; =>> =;:=
:>: >=; >:=
B
<E <E ;E
D  
:E :E :E
B
;E ;E =E
,
,
DK8LDMN
DK8L2MN
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(8$1$
(::8<><O<?8P<= 3:*$)$B!:.*38$F .
5:8*$1$.O=% 3:*,8:.*38$% "$F Q% .

? 7899$ 9$ 9R9 9 99=;=9B::; 
+@I *I .#H",5I %"I   /E&&&"%$'&3 #

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(::8<><O<?8P<= 3:*$)$B!:.*38$F .
5:8*$1$.O=% 3:*,8:.*38$% "$F Q% .

 #

References

H,F0("2D 3G3"0,87899$999$9 3G39*:<.

M '"@8$$ @%:""0M8! H3";0,87899I  $9939$$ @%:<9*:<.
:
H,F0(((8A% 3 !V)$B!:F @"!"*&8W(3 WM W&,M:WDWW)3WH,F0(D3)$XBX!X.
>
H3%%3- 638,H-"&"0,878999$39&9X*:<.
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F%$&%B"Y&D3"!B"F&" :0,87899$99GX$9$9>9$>>?=>;<??=>?>9:;X$XXX$ XXX;X:XG*:<.

/-H"F"(/HA"/"++"("/0,"2"Q3% 2H35"";
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F+++,2(AF-MA&"11"+,/)+A"15"(A2+"(";"2/++!!+2(-!-HAA-2H-A-A2/+0+2H+0,+8Z0A2H22H+(20&S-AD,-&02++5FB ""H"?>
;
+0,--A2,-"?(H+0,--A2,-FGFY"F 8+0,--A2,-/["+3A=
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+&:$"+"&)5,"H3+%($":0,87899'9$9%*:.
 !H)/2HA2+,A2H-A">:($:"#1I#
 !H)/2HA2+,A2H-A">:($:"#!3 $% #

!H)/2HA2+,A2H-A"<-$>A%$:"#!7(AI3G3#
: !H)/2HA2+,A2H-A"=-$:"#,5\%@\#
> FLIGHT GLOBAL, 31.01.2014, "Airlines begin push for discounted end-of-line 777s"
? FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL, 2013-06-11, "Maturity in the Making" (p. 48-50)
 FLIGHT GLOBAL, 14-02-18, "Pratt plans performance upgrade for A320neo engine"
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 H,F0("#2++R($&%#
 ! /$ "0B] >

++%H 8++D9-,HAH,+H%)$B:"2A9:":0,8789999$39 $B:*:;:.
5-/AAHA)"(/-^"&":!(2H 3& H8 Publikaonen zum DLRK 2013 *&,B "(7 "($:.0,87899$%  98$888>=;:;:*8?>.
5-/AAHA)"(/-^"&">3 H3& H8 Publikaonen zum DLRK 2014*&,B " $ ";($>.0,87899$%  98$888?=>?*8?.
5-/AAHA)"(/-^"&"?D3+%HH%!0 H8 CEAS: 5th CEAS Air&Space Conference : Proceedings*+(?"&"=($?.&H&8;&87899:D(6

H,F0("2D 3G3"0,87899$999$9 3G39*:<.
M '"@8$$ @%:""0M8! H3";0,87899I  $9939$$ @%:<9*:<.
H,F0(((8A% 3 !V)$B!:F @"!"*&8W(3 WM W&,M:WDWW)3WH,F0(D3)$XBX!X.
H3%%3- 638,H-"&"0,878999$39&9X*:<.
F%$&%B"Y&D3"!B"F&" :0,87899$99GX$9$9>9$>>?=>;<??=>?>9:;X$XXX$ XXX;X:XG*:<.
/-H"F"(/HA"/"++"("/0,"2"Q3% 2H35"";
F+++,2(AF-MA&"11"+,/)+A"15"(A2+"(";"2/++!!+2(-!-HAA-2H-A-A2/+0+2H+0,+8Z0A2H22H+(20&S-AD,-&02++5FB ""H"?>
+0,--A2,-"?(H+0,--A2,-FGFY"F 8+0,--A2,-/["+3A=
+&:$"+"&)5,"H3+%($":0,87899'9$9%*:.
!H)/2HA2+,A2H-A"<-$>A%$:"#!7(AI3G3#
++%H 8++D9-,HAH,+H%)$B:"2A9:":0,8789999$39 $B:*:;:.
5-/AAHA)"(/-^"&":!(2H 3& H8 Publikaonen zum DLRK 2013 *&,B "(7 "($:.0,87899$%  98$888>=;:;:*8?>.
5-/AAHA)"(/-^"&">3 H3& H8 Publikaonen zum DLRK 2014*&,B " $ ";($>.0,87899$%  98$888?=>?*8?.
5-/AAHA)"(/-^"&"?D3+%HH%!0 H8 CEAS: 5th CEAS Air&Space Conference : Proceedings*+(?"&"=($?.&H&8;&87899:D(6

M '"@8$$ @%:""0M8! H3";0,87899I  $9939$$ @%:<9*:<.
H,F0(((8A% 3 !V)$B!:F @"!"*&8W(3 WM W&,M:WDWW)3WH,F0(D3)$XBX!X.
F%$&%B"Y&D3"!B"F&" :0,87899$99GX$9$9>9$>>?=>;<??=>?>9:;X$XXX$ XXX;X:XG*:<.
F+++,2(AF-MA&"11"+,/)+A"15"(A2+"(";"2/++!!+2(-!-HAA-2H-A-A2/+0+2H+0,+8Z0A2H22H+(20&S-AD,-&02++5FB ""H"?>
++%H 8++D9-,HAH,+H%)$B:"2A9:":0,8789999$39 $B:*:;:.
*&,B "(7 "($:.0,87899$%  98$888>=;:;:*8?>.
*&,B " $ ";($>.0,87899$%  98$888?=>?*8?.
CEAS: 5th CEAS Air&Space Conference : Proceedings*+(?"&"=($?.&H&8;&87899:D(6

F%$&%B"Y&D3"!B"F&" :0,87899$99GX$9$9>9$>>?=>;<??=>?>9:;X$XXX$ XXX;X:XG*:<.
*&,B "(7 "($:.0,87899$%  98$888>=;:;:*8?>.
*&,B " $ ";($>.0,87899$%  98$888?=>?*8?.
*+(?"&"=($?.&H&8;&87899:D(6