Effect of rooting hormones on the rooting capability of Ficus benjamina L. cuttings

Abstract

Vegetative production techniques, of which cutting method widely used in propagation of ornamental plants, have a crucial role for conserving the plant genetic sources. On rooting development of stem cuttings, cutting position, rooting medium and rooting hormone are some of the critical factors that affect the success. The primary objective of this study is to determine the best hormone doses and ideal rooting medium on Ficus benjamina L. stem cuttings. Conventionally, the most frequently vegetative propagation method is the rooting of the stem cuttings in various media such as, pearlite, peat, sand, through exposure to high-concentration rooting hormones (IBA, IAA, NAA, etc.). But, this conventional technique requires wide areas in the rooting stage of mass production, prevents monitoring the course of rooting, and necessitates large amount of materials used as hormones and rooting media. In this study, a new method that may be preferable in mass production of plants was tested. 39 different treatments were carried out, and their results were evaluated. Sand, and perlite were used as solid rooting media. Stem cuttings were kept in low-concentration hormones permanently after cutting (liquid medium). In this way, their rooting capability were examined. Rooting trials were conducted before stem cuttings were taken to solid rooting media. As conclusions, the highest rooting ratio were obtained for 10 ppm of NAA (94.43%) and 100 ppm of IBA (93.9%) in liquid media. Moreover, the highest root length and the average root length were quite low in liquid media.

Full text

1Assist.Prof.Dr.OsmanTopaçog˘lu,Assist.Prof.Dr.KerimGuney,Assoc.Prof.Dr.ErolAkkuzu,Assoc.Prof.Dr.AhmetSivacioglu,KastamonuUniversity,Facultyof
Forestry,37150,Kastamonu,Turkey.Correspondingauthor:otopacoglu@kastamonu.edu.tr
2Assist.Prof.Dr.HakanSevik,KastamonuUniversity,FacultyofEngineeringandArchitecture,37150,Kastamonu,Turkey
3CananUnal,ForestTreeSeedsandTreeBreedingResearchDirectorate,Gazi,Ankara,Turkey
UDK 630* 181.5 (001) Izvorni znanstveni članci – Original scientific papers
Šumarski list, 1–2 (2016): 39–44
EFFECT OF ROOTING HORMONES ON
THE ROOTING CAPABILITY OF Ficus benjamina L.
CUTTINGS
UTJECAJ FITOHORMONA NA SPOSOBNOST ZAKORJENJIVANJA
REZNICA VRSTE Ficus benjamina L.
Osman TOPACOGLU1, Hakan SEVIK2, Kerim GUNEY1, Canan UNAL3, Erol AKKUZU1, Ahmet SIVACIOGLU1
Summary
Vegetative production techniques, of which cutting method widely used in propagation of ornamental plants, have
a crucial role for conserving the plant genetic sources. On rooting development of stem cuttings, cutting position,
rooting medium and rooting hormone are some of the critical factors that aect the success. e primary objec-
tive of this study is to determine the best hormone doses and ideal rooting medium on Ficus benjamina L. stem
cuttings. Conventionally, the most frequently vegetative propagation method is the rooting of the stem cuttings
in various media such as, pearlite, peat, sand, through exposure to high-concentration rooting hormones (IBA,
IAA, NAA, etc.). But, this conventional technique requires wide areas in the rooting stage of mass production,
prevents monitoring the course of rooting, and necessitates large amount of materials used as hormones and root-
ing media. In this study, a new method that may be preferable in mass production of plants was tested. 39 dier-
ent treatments were carried out, and their results were evaluated. Sand, and perlite were used as solid rooting me-
dia. Stem cuttings were kept in low-concentration hormones permanently aer cutting (liquid medium). In this
way, their rooting capability were examined. Rooting trials were conducted before stem cuttings were taken to
solid rooting media. As conclusions, the highest rooting ratio were obtained for 10 ppm of NAA (94.43%) and
100 ppm of IBA (93.9%) in liquid media. Moreover, the highest root length and the average root length were quite
low in liquid media.
KEY WORDS: Fitohormones, vegetative propagation, auxins, rooting
INTRODUCTION
UVOD
Millions of plants are vegetatively produced every year to
be used in dierent elds. If the genetic structure of an in-
dividual is intended to be conserved, its production is based
on cutting. In this way, the genetic structure of rootstock is
conserved exactly. Millions of plants are produced by use
of this method every year to be used in various elds such
as landscaping, forestry, and agriculture.
Since auxin had been begin to use as plant growth regula-
tors, lots of researches have been conducted and lots of met-
hods have been developed and applied on various plant

40 Šumarski list, 1–2, CXXXX (2016), 39–44
species. Although these researches conducted, auxin appli-
cation-related researches are needed to grow more quality
and productive plants (Chhun et al., 2003).
Rooting of cutting varies from species to species. Various
pre-treatments are carried out in order to facilitate the ro-
oting of cutting and increase success. Hormone applications
are one of the most common pre-treatments. Research evi-
dence suggests that auxins play a central role in the deter-
mination of rooting capacity, by enabling the faster produc-
tion of rooted cutting material which is essential for
vegetative propagation (Fogaça and Fett-Neto, 2005).
Auxins are known to increase rooting percentage and roo-
ting time together with uniformity of rooting (Hartmann
et al., 2002).
In these applications, the cross section of a plant is exposed
to the rooting hormones prepared in high concentrations
for a short time. en cuttings are taken to such rooting
media as peat, sand, and pearlite, and root formation is wa-
ited. e cuttings taken to rooting media cover extensive
areas. So, the rooting media cannot be used for other pur-
poses until this application, which is usually carried out in
greenhouses, ends.
e rooting period of plants following the hormone appli-
cation varies from species to species. It may take from a co-
uple of weeks to twelve weeks or longer (Zencirkıran, 2013).
e plant’s root development cannot be monitored visually
in this period. Rooting percentages may be too low aer the
applications that take many months. at causes big losses
of labor and very high costs.
is study aims to conduct production through cuttings by
use of a dierent method. To this end, contrary to classic
applications, cuttings were not exposed to short-time high
hormone doses, but they were kept in low-concentration
hormones permanently. To compare the research results
with the results of conventional applications, common ro-
oting methods were also employed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIJALI I METODE
In this study, species Ficus benjamina L. cuttings, which
were in a height of 8 to 10 cm and prepared from last-year
shoots, were used. In the cutting preparation, to keep two
buds on each cutting was ensured. e cuttings were kept
in pure water to dry and were used in rooting trials in less
than 24 hours.
Two dierent rooting methods were tried in this study. In
the rst one, the concentrations of IAA, IBA, GA3, and NAA
hormones were prepared in doses of 100, 50 and 10 ppm.
Cardboard cups having a volume of nearly 150 mm were
lled with these hormones up to half. en 20 of prepared
cuttings were put in each of these media. Aer putting the
cuttings, the hormone level in the cup was marked. In case
of any decrease of hormone level in the cup as to daily
check, such cups were completed with pure water. By this
means, it was tried to prevent any change in hormone con-
centration that might occur as a result of surface evapora-
tion. e concentrations of IAA, IBA, GA3, and NAA hor-
mones prepared in the doses of 100, 50 and 10 ppm were
kept in a +4 °C refrigerator in the study period. e cups
and the hormones inside them were changed once every
ve days. In this stage of the study, 12 applications were
carried out (3 doses from each hormone). Also, a control
group was used. e rooting of cuttings in pure water was
monitored in the control group.
Rooting trials were conducted also in solid rooting media
in order to compare the results of the applications focused
on in the study with those of classic applications. 1000, 3000
and 5000 ppm concentrations of IAA, IBA, GA3, and NAA
hormones were tried. e cross sections of the prepared
cuttings were made to contact with these hormones for 4
to 5 seconds, and the cuttings were planted in rooting me-
dia. Sand, peat, and perlite were used as rooting media. e
rooting media were irrigated once every three days, thereby
keeping the media humid continuously. In this way, the cu-
ttings exposed to 13 applications (3 doses from each one of
4 hormones and one control group application) were taken
to 3 dierent rooting media. us, 39 dierent application
results were compared.
e cuttings subjected to 13 dierent applications in liquid
rooting media and 39 dierent applications in solid rooting
media were kept in rooting media for 45 days. At the end
of this period, measurements were carried out on cuttings
to determine rooting percentage (%) (RP), the number of
roots (RN), the biggest root length value (mm) (RB), the
average root length value (mm) (RA) and the average root
thickness value (mm) (RT).
All data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows. Firstly, a
one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on
the data. en Duncan’s test was set at the 0.05 condence
level to separate treatment means.
RESULTS
REZULTATI
Dierent doses of hormones may have dierent eects on
traits. us, more reliable results may be obtained if evalu-
ation is made by regarding each dose of each hormone as a
separate treatment, that is, a separate treatment. e appli-
cations were eective in terms of all the characters (P<0.05).
ere was no rooting in 10 ppm doses of IAA and IBA, and
there was rooting only in 100 ppm of GA3 and in 10 ppm
of NAA. e highest rooting percentage was in 10 ppm of
NAA (94.43%) and in 100 ppm of IBA (93.9%). ese va-

41
TOPACOGLU, O. ET AL: EFFECT OF ROOTING HORMONES ON THE ROOTING CAPABILITY OF Ficus benjamina L. CUTTINGS
lues were almost threefold of the rooting percentage obta-
ined in the control group (37.56%). When other characters
were examined, the control group was in the rst homoge-
neous group in terms of all traits. at indicates that hor-
mone applications have positive eects on all traits. e hi-
ghest values were obtained in 100 ppm IBA, in terms of RB
and RT; in 100 ppm GA3 and 100 ppm IBA in terms of RB;
and in 100 ppm IAA in terms of RN (Table 1).
To compare the obtained values with classic rooting trials,
the rooting values of the cuttings in the solid rooting media
were examined. ere were signicant dierences in RP,
RN, RB, and RT of species Ficus benjamina L. cuttings
(P<0.05). e highest RP (70.51%) was obtained in the per-
lite; whereas 53.19% and 39.17% of RP were obtained for
peat and sand media, respectively. e highest RB and RT
values were obtained in the sand medium (Table 2).
ere were signicant dierences among the ve groups
(IAA, IBA, GA3, NAA, and control) in RP, RN, RB, RA, and
RT (P<0.05). e highest RP were obtained in 5000 ppm
IAA (80.15%) and 3000 ppm IAA (77.21%) applications.
e highest two values in terms of the number of roots were
obtained in 3000 ppm NAA (9 pcs) and 5000 ppm NAA
(7.7 pcs) applications. While the biggest root length values
were obtained in 3000 ppm IBA (51.77 mm), 3000 ppm IAA
Table 1. Effect of different concentration of fitohormones (IAA, IBA, GA3 and NAA) on rooting traits of Ficus benjamina L. in liquid rooting media
Tablica 1. Utjecajrazličitihkoncentracijafitohormona(IAA,IBA,GA3iNAA)naznačajkezakorjenjivanjareznicavrsteFicus benjamina L.utekućimmedijima
Fitohormone
Fitohormon
Concentration
(ppm)
Koncentracija
(ppm)
Rooting percentage
(%) RP
Postotak
ukorjenjivanja
(%) RP
Number
of roots RN
Broj
korijena RN
Biggest root length
value (mm) RB
Najveća vrijednost
dužine korijena
(mm) RB
Average root length
value (mm) RA
Prosječna
vrijednost dužine
korijena (mm) RA
Average root thickness
value (mm) RT
Prosječna vrijednost
debljine korijena (mm)
RT
IAA
IAA
100 71,43d 10,8d 22,86b 16,686b 0,866b
50 14,29a 7c 13,02ab 9,505ab 0,890b
IBA
IBA
100 93,9e 1,57a 43,25c 31,571c 0,934b
50 57,14c 5,75b 25,41b 18,549b 0,610a
GA3
GA3
100 57,14c 1,75a 48,00c 35,038c 0,788b
NAA
NAA 10 94,43e 5,57bc 10,22ab 7,460ab 0,636a
Control
Kontrola 037,56b 3,33ab 4,83a 3,523a 0,493a
F Value
Vrijednost F 300,949*** 14,049*** 14,178*** 14,178*** 13,914***
Means followed by the same letter in a column are not significantly different at P<0.05, based on Duncan’s Test.
*** The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level.
Prosječne vrijednosti s istim slovom u koloni nisu signifikantne pri P<0.05, na temelju Duncan’s Testa.
*** Značajno kod 0.01.
Table 2. Rooting traits of Ficus benjamina L. in three different solid rooting media
Tablica 2. ZnačajkezakorjenjivanjavrsteFicus benjaminaL.utrirazličitakrutasupstrata
Media
Medij
Rooting percentage
(%) RP
Postotak ukorjenjivanja
(%) RP
Number of roots RN
Broj korijena RN
Biggest root length
value (mm) RB
Najveća vrijednost
dužine korijena (mm) RB
Average root length
value (mm) RA
Prosječna vrijednost
dužine korijena (mm) RA
Average root thickness value
(mm) RT
Prosječna vrijednost debljine
korijena (mm) RT
Sand
Pijesak 39,167a 5,43b 54,2836b 29,1821a ,885b
Peat
Treset 53,194b 2,85a 34,7875a 24,8208a ,860b
Pearlite
Perlit 70,506c 5,27b 40,1427a 26,0459a ,679a
F Value
Vrijednost F 41,680*** 11,257*** 11,884*** 1,390 18,627***
Means followed by the same letter in a column are not significantly different at P<0.05, based on Duncan’s Test.
*** Značajno kod 0.01 level.
Prosječne vrijednosti s istim slovom u koloni nisu signifikantne pri P<0.05, na temelju Duncan’s Testa.
*** Značajno kod 0.01.

42 Šumarski list, 1–2, CXXXX (2016), 39–44
(50.05 mm), and 5000 ppm IBA (50.01) applications, the
biggest RA values were obtained in 3000 ppm IBA (32.3
mm), 5000 ppm IAA (31.5 mm), and 5000 ppm IBA (30.1)
applications. e highest RT value was obtained in 5000
ppm NAA application (Table 3).
e results of low-concentration hormone applications in
solid and liquid rooting media are shown on Table 4. Re-
garding, rooting percentage, the number of roots, and root
thickness, it is clear that these values were quite close to one
another, but the biggest root height value and the average
root height value were quite low in liquid rooting media.
Although there were no signicant dierences between ro-
oting media in RN and RT, there were signicant dieren-
ces in RP, RB, and RA (Table 4). e biggest root height va-
lue and the average root height value were found to be
higher in solid rooting media, while rooting percentage was
found to be higher in liquid rooting media.
It is seen that liquid rooting media are more advantageous
than solid rooting media in terms of many characters (Ta-
ble 4). e highest rooting percentage in solid rooting me-
dia was 80.15% (5000 ppm IBA (Table 3), while the highest
rooting percentage in liquid rooting media was over 90%
(94.43% for 10 ppm NAA; 93.9% for 100 ppm IBA) (Table
1). While the biggest number of roots was 9 in solid roo-
ting media (Table 3), it was up to 10.8 in liquid rooting
media (Table 1). Similar results were obtained in terms of
other characters, too. e biggest root height value was fo-
und to be 50.05 mm for 3000 ppm IAA in solid rooting
media (Table 3) and was found to be 48 mm for 100 ppm
GA3 in liquid rooting media (Table 1). While the highest
RB value was found to be 31.5 mm in 5000 ppm IAA in
solid rooting media (Table 3), it was found to be 35.04 mm
in 100 ppm GA3 in liquid rooting media (Table 1). e bi-
ggest root thickness value was found to be 1.04 mm in so-
lid rooting media (Table 3), but it was 0.934 mm in liquid
rooting media (Table 1).
DISCUSSION
RASPRAVA
Various studies on the propagation of Ficus species via cu-
tting have examined the eects of dierent cutting extrac-
ting periods, rooting media, hormone applications, etc. on
the rooting of cuttings. Küden et al. (1993) found out that
cutting extracting periods, rooting media, and IBA appli-
cations aected rooting rates in cuttings, and the rooting
percentages varied between 0-90% in their applications. Te-
kintaş and Seferoglu (1998) conducted rooting trials on Fi-
cus carica in dierent media and obtained the highest roo-
ting rate in the sand medium (71%). It was followed by peat
(31%), pearlite (27%), and soil (25%) respectively. Antunes
Table 3. Effect of different concentration of Auxins (IAA, IBA, GA3 and NAA) on rooting traits of Ficus benjamina L. in different solid substrates
Tablica 3. Utjecajrazličitihkoncentracijaauksina(IAA,IBA,GA3iNAA)naznačajkezakorjenjivanjavrsteFicus benjaminaL.urazličitimkrutimsupstratima
Fitohormone
Fitohormon
Concentration
(ppm)
Koncentracija
(ppm)
Rooting percentage
(%) RP
Postotak ukorjenjivanja
(%) RP
Number of roots RN
Broj korijena RN
Biggest root length
value (mm) RB
Najveća vrijednost
dužine korijena
(mm) RB
Average root length
value (mm) RA
Prosječna vrijednost
dužine korijena
(mm) RA
Average root thickness
value (mm) RT
Prosječna vrijednost
debljine korijena (mm)
RT
IAA
IAA
5000 80,15e 3,0ab 50,01d 31,5e 0,71bc
3000 77,21e 6,5cde 50,05d 30,1de 0,79bc
1000 41,67bc 2,0a 35,71bcd 27,2cde 0,59ab
IBA
IBA
5000 39,29bc 4,8abcd 38,29bcd 21,0bcde 0,70bc
3000 68,75de 5,6bcd 51,77d 32,3e 0,78bc
1000 68,06de 2,1a 23,36ab 20,3bcde 0,73bc
GA3
GA3
5000 12,5a 4,0abc 22,04ab 16,1abc 0,61ab
3000 42,5bc 2,8ab 15,36a 12,5ab 0,44a
1000 37,5bc 2,0a 15,52a 4,8a 0,54ab
NAA
NAA
5000 52,08cd 7,7de 41,76bcd 28,1cde 1,04d
3000 25ab 9,0e 44,67cd 22,6bcde 0,87cd
1000 46,88c 3,0ab 28,73abc 18,2bcd 0,67abc
Control
Kontrola 0 49,9c 2,2ab 22,42ab 14,0ab 0,64abc
F Value
Vrijednost F 19,155*** 9,369*** 8,363*** 6,040*** 7,792***
Means followed by the same letter in a column are not significantly different at P<0.05, based on Duncan’s Test.
*** The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level.
Prosječne vrijednosti s istim slovom u koloni nisu signifikantne pri P<0.05, na temelju Duncan’s Testa.
*** Značajno kod0.01.

43
TOPACOGLU, O. ET AL: EFFECT OF ROOTING HORMONES ON THE ROOTING CAPABILITY OF Ficus benjamina L. CUTTINGS
et al. (1996) examined the eects of dierent stratication
periods, IBA concentrations, and rooting media on the ro-
oting of Ficus carica cuttings and determined that the best
root and shoot development was obtained in the cuttings
subjected to a dose of 100 ppm of the IBA hormone and
planted in sand: soil mixture in the ratio of 1:1 without any
stratication. A study was conducted on the propagation of
Ficus carica via green cutting. Green cuttings with 2 to 3
leaves exposed to a dose of 1000 to 4000 ppm of the IBA
hormone were planted in stream sand, and a rooting of 85%
to 100% was obtained (Kai et al., 1997). In addition, some
studies on the propagation of Ficus carica via tissue culture
conducted in recent years have yielded favorable results
(Demiralay et al., 1998; Günver and Ertan; 1998; Kumar et
al., 1998; Nobre and Romano, 1998). However, all of these
studies have required more time, labor, materials, and hor-
mones in comparison to the method employed in the pre-
sent study and do not have success rates higher than the one
obtained in the present study.
Many studies have focused on the eects of auxin group
hormones on rooting and plant development. Alvarez et al.
(1989) examined the eects of IAA and IBA in Malus pu-
mila; Şevik and Güney (2013a, 2013b) examined the eects
of IAA, IBA, NAA and GA3 in Melissa ocinalis; Stefancic
et al. (2005) examined the eects of IAA and IBA in Prunus
spp., and Chhun et al. (2003) examined the eects of IAA,
IBA, and NAA in Oryza sativa. e previous studies mostly
show that auxin group hormones are inuential on rooting.
at is consistent with the results of the present study.
Gibberellins are the third most commonly used plant hor-
mones with a share of 17%. e most commonly used co-
mmercial gibberellin is GA3. It is mostly used for increasing
the height of a plant or ower yield (Kumlay and Eryiğit,
2011). e present study demonstrated that rooting percen-
tage, root height, and root thickness values were 1.5 to 9.9
times higher among cuttings exposed to a dose of 100 ppm
of the GA3 hormone in comparison to the control group
(Table 1). at is consistent with the results provided in the
literature, too (Sevik and Guney, 2013a, 2013b).
CONCLUSIONS
ZAKLJUČCI
Liquid rooting media provide bigger advantages in compa-
rison to the conventional applications. ey allow monito-
ring the course of rooting of plants and prevent occupying
solid rooting media in vain because plants whose roots have
grown enough are taken to solid rooting media. Liquid roo-
ting media also allow producing many plants in a limited ro-
oting area. For example, in the present study, cuttings were
placed in solid rooting media at the intervals of 2 cm, and an
area of approximately 400 cm2 was used for 100 cuttings. On
the other hand, 20 cuttings were placed in each cardboard
cup which had a diameter of almost 6.5 cm in liquid rooting
media. An area of nearly 43 cm2 was used for 100 cuttings.
Accordingly, liquid rooting media allow the rooting of the
same amount of cuttings as solid rooting media in an area of
almost 1/10 of the area used by solid rooting media. Another
advantage of the employed method is fewness of the number
of materials used. While classic methods require owerpots
and rooting platforms covering wide areas as well as such
materials as sand, pearlite, or peat as a rooting medium, the
method employed in the present study uses only cardboard
cups and pure water and requires smaller amount of hormo-
nes. Since the individuals whose root formation has reached
the adequate level in liquid rooting media are placed in
owerpots, success rate is close to 100%. erefore, this met-
hod, which is easier and cheaper, can be eectively used in
the elds where many individuals such as medical plants,
aromatic plants, ornamental plants, and eld crops need to
be rooted. However, further studies should be carried out to
determine the hormone and the concentration that yield the
best result for each plant.
Table 4. Oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) for effects of solid and liquid rooting media on rooting traits of Ficus benjamina L.
Tablica 4. Jednostrukaanalizavarijance(ANOVA)zautjecajkrutihitekućihmedijazazakorjenjivanjenaznačajkezakorjenjivanjavrsteFicus benjaminaL.
Substrat
Supstrat
Rooting percentage (%)
RP
Postotak ukorjenjivanja
(%) RP
Number of roots RN
Broj korijena RN
Biggest root length value
(mm) RB
Najveća vrijednost
dužine korijena (mm) RB
Average root length
value (mm) RA
Prosječna vrijednost
dužine korijena (mm) RA
Average root thickness
value (mm) RT
Prosječna vrijednost
debljine korijena (mm) RT
Solid
Kruti 60,68 4,72 41,23 26,28 0,76
Liquid
Tekući 61,62 4,87 26,12 19,07 0,75
F Value
Vrijednost F 5,763*0,106 33,853*** 16,490*** 0,037
*The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
***The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level.
* Značajno kod 0.05
*** Značajno kod 0.01

44 Šumarski list, 1–2, CXXXX (2016), 39–44
According to the results of the present study, dierent hor-
mones and dierent concentrations have dierent eects on
rooting percentage and morphological characters. us, hor-
mones should be selected based on the primary character.
For instance, 10 ppm NAA should be preferred when high
rooting rate is requested; 100 ppm IAA should be preferred
when a big amount of root formation is requested; and 100
ppm GA3 should be preferred when long root is requested.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ZAHVALA
is study is funded by the Scientic Research Projects Co-
mmittee of Kastamonu University with the project number
KUBAP-01/2013-45.
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Sažetak
Tehnike vegetativne proizvodnje od kojih se metoda reznica uvelike koristi u razmnožavanju ukrasnog bilja,
imaju ključnu ulogu za očuvanje genetskih izvora biljaka. Mjesto uzimanja reznice na biljci, medij ukorjen-
jivanja i tohormon ukorjenjivanja neki su od ključnih čimbenika koji utječu na uspjeh razvoja zakorjen-
jivanja reznica od stabljike. Primarni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi najbolje koncentracije tohormona
i idealni medij zakorjenjivanja za reznice od stabljike vrste Ficus benjamina L. Konvencionalno, najčešća me-
toda vegetativnog razmnožavanja je zakorjenjivanja pupova u različitim supstratima kao što su perlit, treset,
pijesak do izloženosti visoko koncentriranim hormonima zakorjenjivanja (IBA, IAA, NAA, itd.). Ali ta kon-
vencionalna tehnika zahtijeva široka područja u fazi zakorjenjivanja masovne produkcije, sprječava nadzor
tijeka zakorjenjivanja i traži visoku količinu materijala koji se koriste kao hormoni i mediji zakorjenjivanja.
U ovom istraživanju, ispitana je nova metoda koja bi mogla biti poželjnijom u masovnoj proizvodnji biljaka.
Izvršeno je 39 različitih tretiranja i prikazani su njihovi rezultati. Pijesak i perlit korišteni su kao kruti medij
zakorjenjivanja. Pupovi su se trajno čuvali u hormonima niske koncentracije nakon rezanja (tekući medij).
Na taj način je ispitana njihova sposobnost zakorjenjivanja. Ispitivanja zakorjenjivanja provedena su prije
nego su pupovi odnijeti u kruti medij zakorjenjivanja. Kao zaključak, dobiveni su najviši omjeri zakorjen-
jivanja za 10 ppm NAA (94.43%) te 100 ppm IBA (93.9%) u tekućim medijima. Najveća duljina korijena i
prosječna duljina korijena bile su prilično male u tekućim medijima.
KLJUČNE RIJEČI: Fitohormoni, autovegetativno razmnožavanje, auksini, zakorjenjivanje