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Gynostemia Orchidalium IV: Orchidaceae-Vandoideae (Maxillarieae, Cryptarrheneae, Zygopetaleae, Dicheeae, Telipogoneae, Ornithocephaleae, Oncidieae)
Abstract
This is the fourth and the last part of the series on the gynostemium structure of the order Orchidales. The previous parts were Szlachetko and Rutkowski (2000), Szlachetko and Margofiska (2002) and Szlachetko (2003). In this part we present the results of our investigations on the reproductive structures of the following tribes of the subfamily Vandoideae: Maxillarieae, Cryptarrheneae, Zygopetaleae, Dichaeeae, Telipogoneae, Ornithocephaleae, and Oncidieae.
... 6-019-01575 -5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. and Orchidoideae have been previously studied (Schill and Pfeiffer 1977;Dressler 1981Dressler , 1993Rasmussen 1982;Blackman and Yeung 1983;Burns-Balogh and Funk 1986;Yeung and Law 1987;Seidenfaden and Wood 1992;Freudenstein 1994;Freudenstein andRasmussen 1996, 1997;Claessens and Kleynen 1998;Johnson and Edwards 2000;Szlachetko and Rutkowski 2000;Freudenstein et al. 2002;Szlachetko and Margońska 2002;Szlachetko 2003;Barone Lumaga et al. 2006;Bhanwra et al. 2006;Hidayat et al. 2006;Szlachetko et al. 2006;Rothacker 2007;Singer et al. 2008;Nieto and Damon 2008;Chase 2009;Chase et al. 2009;Szlachetko and Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009;Damon and Nieto 2012;Szlachetko et al. 2012;Pedersen et al. 2013;Freudenstein and Chase 2015;Freudenstein et al. 2017). However, there is still little information about the states of each character and the evolutionary pathways related to the pollinarium of the Epidendroideae, which is probably the subfamily having greater variability in this structure. ...
... Many anatomical studies in Epidendroideae have focused on the analysis of vegetative structures (e.g. Stern and Whitten 1999;Stern et al. 2004;Stern and Carlsward 2008;Stern 2014) and the gynostemium (Szlachetko and Rutkowski 2000;Szlachetko and Margońska 2002;Szlachetko 2003;Szlachetko and Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009). The characteristics of the pistil are useful data to characterize genera and closely related species (Veyret 1981); in the case of Vandoidea, the characters of the rostellum are useful to separate some genera (Senghas 1993;Szlachetko et al. 2012). ...
... In all cases, pollinaria were coated with gold-palladium before examining them under a scanning electron microscope Jeol 6100 (Microscopy service of the University of León, León, Spain). The pollinarium characters were described according to the specific terminology proposed for orchids (Schill and Pfeiffer 1977;Burns-Balogh 1983;Dressler 1986;Hesse et al. 1989;Dressler 1993;Freudenstein and Rasmussen 1996, 1997, 1999Johnson and Edwards 2000;Szlachetko and Rutkowski 2000;Szlachetko and Margońska 2002;Szlachetko 2003;Sáenz 2004;Singer et al. 2008;Szlachetko and Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009). ...
We studied the variation in the pollinarium and pistil of Epidendroideae and reconstructed the ancestral states of the characters (pollinia number, pollinium orientation, pollinium with suture, and pollinium texture). The pollinarium is complete (formed by pollinium, caudicle, stipe, and viscidium) in Vandeae, Epidendreae, and Cymbidieae, but the caudicle is absent in some Aeridinae and the viscidium in Laeliinae and Pleurothallidinae. Neottieae, Arethuseae, Sobralieae, Epidendreae, and Xerorchideae included some genera having sessile pollinia. The more frequent state in the family is to have two pollinia, followed by four, eight, and six pollinia. The pistil is unilocular, although it seems to have experienced reversals several times within Epidendroideae because intermediate states were observed (e.g. Vanda and Angraecum). In these cases, a prolongation of the placental tissue is developed that in Huntleya and Peristeria make contact but do not fuse. Most members of the subfamily have pistil composed of three carpels divided into six emerging valves, but only three are fertile. In Cattleya and Sophronitis the sterile valves are much reduced and the pistil seems to have only three valves. We have generated useful and valuable information to understand the evolution of the reproductive organs in Epidendroideae. Probably, these transformations in the pollinarium and pistil have co-evolved in tandem with pollinators to make the pollination more efficient. Our results suggest that the common ancestor of Epidendroideae had a complete pollinarium, formed probably of four juxtaposed granular pollinia without suture, bearing caudicle, tegular stipe and viscidium, but several early transformations occurred during the Epidendroideae diversification.
... This concept was generally accepted, however, Lophiaris was often considered as synonym of Trichocentrum (Dressler & Dodson 1960;Dressler 1993;Chase et al. 2003). Senghas (1997) as well as Szlachetko & Mytnik-Ejsmont (2009) recognized it as a distinct genus within Oncidiinae. ...
... Dressler & Dodson (1960), Dressler (1993) and Chase et al. (2003). Szlachetko & Mytnik-Ejsmont (2009) considered the genus as a member of subtribe Oncidiinae. (Fig. 6). ...
... (Fig. 6). Formerly, Grandiphyllum species, as a part of the genus Oncidium, were included in 'Odontoglossae' by Pfitzer (1887) and classified within Oncidiinae by all subsequent authors (Schlechter 1915;Dressler & Dodson 1960;Dressler 1993;Senghas 1997;Chase et al. 2003;Szlachetko & Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009). ...
The generic delimitation within Trichocentrum clade is discussed in the light of molecular and morphological research results. The comparative morphology of Trichocentrum, Cohniella, Lophiaris, Lophiarella, Saundersia and Grandiphyllum is presented together with a key for their identification. Morphological characteristics of the studied taxa are provided together with photographs and illustrations of representatives of each genus.
... A total of over 5000 herbarium and liquid-preserved specimens of orchids representing Oncidium s.l., Odontoglossum s.l., and related oncidioid genera deposited in AMES, AMO, B, BM, C, COL, CUVC, F, FLAS, HUA, JAUM, Fig. 1 a Gynostemium of Oncidium altissimum (Jacq.) Sw. 1 Gynostemium, bottom view; 2 gynostemium, side view; 3 anther; 4 pollinia, various views; 5 tegula and viscidium (Szlachetko and Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009). b Flower of Oncidium chrysomorphum Lindl. ...
... The stigmatic surface is divided into two parts by a strongly hook-bent rostellum in both Cochlioda and Solenidiopsis (cf. Szlachetko and Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009;Dalström 1999Dalström , 2001. This last character is missing in all the other species of this subclade (B). ...
... Scale bar 10 cm. Redrawn by N. Olędrzyńska from Dodson and Bennett (1989) (Szlachetko and Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009) thickened on dorsal surface and apically elongate. Pollinia 2, oblong-ellipsoid, hard, unequally and deeply cleft. ...
Concepts of the generic delimitation in the Odontoglossum complex are revised. Comparative morphology of previously recognized genera: Cochlioda, Collare-stuartense, Odontoglossum, Solenidiopsis, and Symphyglossum is presented. Differences between those taxa are compared with the results of molecular studies. A new combination within Collare-stuartense is proposed.
... Most often only two genera are included in this subtribe: Fernandezia Ruiz & Pav. and Pachyphyllum Kunth. Some authors (Senghas 1995;Szlachetko & Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009) recognized a third genus, Orchidotypus Kraenzl. Due to its very tiny habit and inconspicuous flowers, difficult to study in herbarium material, the genus remains the least-known member of the subtribe. ...
... The rostellum is short and its remnant is very shortly bilobate at the apex. The viscidium is single, relatively large and elliptic-obovate, thin and lamellate (Szlachetko & Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009). ...
A synopsis of the genus Orchidotypus Kraenzl. in Colombia is presented. Morphological descriptions of all national representatives of the genus are provided, together with information about their habitat, ecology and general distribution, detailed illustrations of the studied plants, and an identification key for Colombian Orchidotypus species. A new species discovered during these studies is described and a new generic combination is proposed.
... Despite the numerous discussions between taxonomists on the generic delimitation and composition of Maxillariinae, the position of Scuticaria within this subtribe was usually accepted (Pfitzer 1887; Dressler and Dodson 1960;Dressler 1981;Szlachetko 1995;Chase et al. 2003;Szlachetko and Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009). The position of the genus within Bifrenariinae was suggested by Dressler (1993) and the close relation of Scuticaria with Bifrenaria and Rudolfiella was indicated in the molecular research of Koehler et al. (2002) and Whitten et al. (2000). ...
... The rostellum is dome-like and its remnant is rather shallowly notched or shortly triangular. The single viscidium is narrow, rather fleshy and sticky, selliform and the single tegula is transversely elliptic-triangular, thin, lamellate, Rostellum remnant (Whitten 2009;Szlachetko and Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009). ...
A new species of Scuticaria from the Colombian Amazon region, S. guainiana, is described and illustrated. The new species resembles S. steelei from which it differs in flower size and structure of the lip callus. The taxonomic affinities of the new species are briefly discussed.
... The single viscidium is very small, oblong to elliptic, thick and fleshy. The single, thin, lamellate tegula is oblong-obovate to oblong-triangular, elongate at the apex and slightly thickened there (Szlachetko & Mytnik-Ejsmont 2009). ...
Four new species of Heteranthocidium Szlach., Mytnik & Romowicz are described and illustrated. Each morphological description is complemented with data on the species’ ecology and distribution. The taxonomic affinities of the novelties are briefly discussed.
... Th e stigma is very small, transversely slit-like, deeply concave, partialy hidden by the very short, digitate rostellum. Th e single, thick viscidium is elliptic-ovate, basally subacute, and apically bi-lobed (Alrich andHiggins 2008, Szlachetko andMytnik-Ejsmont 2009). ...
A new species of the orchid genus Peristeria is described and illustrated and information about its habitat and ecology is provided. So far the new species is known exclusively from the municipality of Senahú in the Guatemalan Department of Alta Verapaz. The species is the first representative of Peristeria found in Guatemala. The finding described here expands the geographical range of the genus to the northern part of Central America.
... Unfortunately, in the broad concept, the genus is ill-defined at the morphological level. Based on the differences in the gynostemium structure, Szlachetko and Mytnik-Ejsmont (2009) recognized some of the taxa lumped in Oncidium as members of different subtribe-Solenidiopsis and Cochlioda were included by those authors in Trichopiliinae together with i.a. Oliveriana and Cischweinfia. ...
A new insight into the orchid genus Heteranthocidium is presented. The specific composition of the taxon is clarified. Eighteen new combinations within Heteranthocidium are proposed. Four of the species initially included in the genus, i.e. Oncidium boothianum, O. exalatum, O. fuscans and O. pollardii, should be no longer included in Heteranthocidium as they do not correspond to the morphological concept of the genus. The results of the conducted studies are compared with the molecular data on Oncidiinae. Seven new Heteranthocidium species are described and illustrated.
... synonymous with Pachyphyllum. Except Senghas (1995) and Szlachetko and Mytnik-Ejsmont (2009), the broad concept of the latter genus was accepted by the subsequent researchers. Dressler and Dodson (1960) included species of Fernandezia in Centropetalum, but the first author accepted Fernandezia Chase and Whitten (2011) included in this genus also monotypic Raycadenco which was not considered as member of Pachyphyllinae ever before. ...
The Neotropical subtribe Pachyphyllinae comprises orchids distributed mainly along the Andes and characterized by the monopodial type of growth. The systematic position of this taxon within Orchidaceae and its generic composition was intensively discussed, but so far no comprehensive morphological study on the group was conducted. In this paper the morphological descriptions of all genera included in Pachyphyllinae are provided and the key to their identification is presented. In addition, the taxonomic position of Raycadenco is discussed. The research revealed the existence of two distinctive species which were classified until now within Pachyphyllum or Fernandezia. Since neither the flower morphology of those two species nor the gynostemium structure fulfils the concept of any known orchid taxon, the new genus is described here under the name Valdiviesoa. The two representatives of the new taxon are illustrated and the photographs of the plants are provided. The information about their distribution and ecology are provided. The morphological characters of all Pachyphyllinae representatives are compared.
A new species of the orchid genus Stellilabium is described and illustrated based on Colombian material. It can be distinguished from the similar species S. pogonostalix and S. andinum based on the lip middle lobe surface (ciliate only along middle part of margins), rounded lip apex and lower part of gynostemium being minutely ciliate with tufts consisting of short, hirsute hairs. Information on habitat and ecology of the new species is provided along with a key to identify the Colombian and Ecuadorian representatives of Stellilabium.
The generic separateness of Oncidium, Ornithophora and Sigmatostalix is evaluated based on morphological data. A comparative morphology of the studied genera is provided. The first infrageneric classification of Sigmatostalix is presented. One new combination on the species level is proposed.
The generic delimitation of Scelochilus KLOTZSCH (Orchidaceae-Epidendroideae-Oncidieae-Comparettinae) is discussed and a narrow genus concept is chosen. Eight new species of Scelochilus are described and illustrated, seven from Ecuador and one from Bolivia, namely: S. bicornutus SZLACH., KOLAN. & OLEDRZ. (with indistinctly separated lip hypochile and epichile), S. bolivariensis SZLACH., KOLAN. & OLEDRZ. (lack of lamellae on the lip disc), S. denticulatus GARAY ex SZLACH., KOLAN. & OLEDRZ. (obliquely elliptic petals), S. obovatus SZLACH., KOLAN. & OLEDRZ. (obovate lip hypochile), S. pseudochiribogae SZLACH., KOLAN. & OLEDRZ. (crenate margins of epichile), S. pubescens SZLACH., KOLAN. & OLEDRZ. (tuft of hairs in the centre of the hypochile), S. solomonii SZLACH., KOLAN. & OLEDRZ. (ciliae in the central part and on the margin of the lip; Bolivia), S. tandayapensis SZLACH., KOLAN. & OLEDRZ. (transversely elliptic, bifid epichile). The taxonomic affinities of the novelties within the genus are discussed.
Three new species of the Neotropical genus Oliveriana RCHB. f. (Orchidaceae-Epidendroideae-Oncidieae-Trichopiliinae), namely O. chocoana SZLACH. & KOLAN., O. luerorum SZLACH. & KOLAN. and O. pazii SZLACH. & KOLAN. are described and illustrated. The available information about their distribution and ecology is provided. A key for the identification of a total of 12 species of Oliveriana is presented.
Five new species of Caucaea Schltr. (C. caucana Szlach. & Kolan., C. pichinchae Szlach. & Kolan., C. dodsoniana Szlach. & Kolan., C. pseudoandigena Szlach. & Kolan., C. duquei Szlach. & Kolan.) are described and illustrated. The taxonomic affinities of the new entities are discussed, and information about their habitat and ecology is provided. A key for identification of Caucaea species known from Colombia and Ecuador is provided.
A taxonomic synopsis of the genus Hirtzia (Orchidaceae) is presented. An identification key to the species is provided and their morphology described, supported by illustrations of plant habit and perianth segments. A new species from Peru, H. dodsoniana Szlach. & Kolan., is described based on material collected in the department of Pasco.
Abstract—
Scelochilus schmidt-mummii, a new orchid species, is described and illustrated based on Colombian material. It is similar to S. tuerckheimii and S. stenochilus, but differs from both taxa, especially in the shape of the lip hypochile and
epichile and the form of the lip appendages. A key to the identification of Colombian Scelochilus species is provided.
A new species of the orchid genus Hofmeisterella, H. biglobulosa Kolan., Szlach. & R. Medina Trejo, is described and illustrated. It is easily distinguished from H. eumicroscopica by the presence of globular projections on the lip disc. Brief taxonomic notes on Hofmeisterella and Telipogon are provided.
Pachyphyllum putumayoensis Szlach., Kolan. & N. Oledrzynska sp. nova and P. longi-pedicellatum Szlach., Kolan. & N. Oledrzynska sp. nova (Orchidaceae) are described and illustrated based on Colombian material. They were found growing sympatrically in paramo de San Antonio del Bordoncillo. Their taxonomic affinities are briefly discussed.
Two new species of Pachyphyllum (Orchidaceae), P. foreroi and P. idroboi, are described and illustrated based on Colombian material. Information about their habitat is provided and their distribution map is presented. Comparisons of the floral characteristics between the new entities and closely allied species are illustrated.
A new species of Lockhartia from Colombia is described and illustrated. The new species, Lockhartia niesseniae, is similar to L. biserra and L. micrantha, from which it differs by the obovate petals and a subrhombic, shortly apiculate middle lobe of the lip. The differ-ences between those species and a key to Colombian species of Lockhartia are provided.
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