Article

Towards the integration of the European megalopolis

January 1988

Authors:

University of Twente

Metropolitan attraction for other metropolitan regions is expressed in a supplementary potential value placed upon the autonomous economic potential value. This value is computed by help of a factorial analysis of a selected number of variables indicating economic potential. The supplementary value includes the values of the other metropolitan regions taking into account distance expressed in time, before and after the introduction of TGV. The analysis brings out that South East England and Ile-de-France are least (in relative, not in absolute terms) infuenced by this system, the regions of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Belgian Brabant (Bruxelles) will be very strongly favoured, the Randstad Holland and the Cologne area taking positions in between. -from Authors

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Accurate eigenvalues of a symmetric tridiagonal matrix

July 1966

W. Kahan

Having established tight bounds for the quotient of two different lub-norms of the same tri-diagonal matrix J, the author observes that these bounds could be of use in an error-analysis provided a suitable algorithm were found. Such an algorithm is exhibited, and its errors are thoroughly accounted for, including the effects of scaling, over/underflow and roundoff. A typical result is that, on a ... [Show full abstract] computer using rounded bloating point binary arithmetic, the biggest eigenvalue of J can be computed easily to within 2.5 units in its last place, and the smaller eigenvalues will suffer absolute errors which are no larger. These results are somewhat stronger than had been known before. (Author)

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Cluster volume and surface area in dispersions of penetrable particles or pores

July 1988 · The Journal of Chemical Physics

The complete description of a homogeneous, multiphase dispersion is contained within the infinite set of n‐body density distribution functions g(rn) which have been used to calculate macroscopic properties such as interfacial area and specific volume. Certain quantities of interest, however, must take the connectedness of the individual phases into account. This requires the introduction of a ... [Show full abstract] complete set of n‐body connectedness functions g+n(rn). Until now, only the pair‐connectedness function g+2(r2) has been computed. Here, a formalism for the estimation of higher‐order connectedness functions from lower order ones is presented. Results are given for the average volume and interfacial area per cluster for a dispersion of randomly placed spheres.

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January 2000

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Chapter

Double entries in the accounts of the financial years 1816–1866

January 1976

W. M. F. Mansvelt

Before the introduction of the’Indische Comptabiliteitswet’ (ICW, Public Accounts Act) in 1867 the statement of accounts was not very clearly explained. Considering the fact that it was only towards the mid-nineteenth century that data concerning the Netherlands Indian financial administration were gradually made public for the first time, then it is explicable that not much attention was paid at ... [Show full abstract] the time to a well-set out accounting system. Internal changes were also repeatedly made in the accounting method. Moreover, the competency of the accounting service in the first years after the Restoration in 1816 must have left something to be desired.

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Voice onset time differences between adult males and females: Isolated syllables

April 2008 · Journal of Phonetics

The purpose of the study was to compare the voice onset times (VOTs) produced by men and women in isolated syllable utterances. Forty male and 40 female speakers of English repeated a series of CV syllables five times each. The syllables were comprised of the plosives /p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, and /g/ in combination with the vowels /ɑ/, /i/, and /u/. VOTs were measured from the middle three ... [Show full abstract] syllables from each series using a combination of sound spectrogram and oscillogram displays on a computer. No significant differences occurred between the VOTs of the men and women. Significant VOT differences occurred across the vowels, with the plosives before /ɑ/ having shorter VOTs than those before /i/ or /u/. In addition, the VOTs varied by place of production with longer VOTs for alveolar and velar plosives than for bilabial ones. The findings indicated that the speaker's sex was not a factor associated with VOT variability.

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An application of Bayesian (ABIC) smoothing methods to estimating space and time variations in the m...

February 1991 · Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics

Masajiro Imoto

On the basis of Akaike's Bayesian information criterion (ABIC), a new method of estimating temporal and spacial variations in the magnitude-frequency relation (b value) is developed. The space-time volume studied is divided into a number of segments having equal volume, for which b values are estimated. The smoothness of the estimated b value is guaranteed by the introduction of a prior ... [Show full abstract] distribution. The parameters of the prior distribution are chosen in such a way as to minimize the ABIC. This method is employed to study the temporal and spatial variations of b values for microearthquake activity in the Kanto, Tokai and Tottori areas, where seven earthquakes having magnitudes of M6.0 and larger have recently taken place. States of temporal variations of b values are classified into three groups; increase, decrease and nochange. The space-time volume of decrease accounts for approximately 10% of the total volume. For a period before the occurrence of earthquakes, the decrease appears more frequently than might be expected. It is concluded that the decrease in the b value is a promising candidate to act as a precursory phenomena.

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The Response of Large Firms to Different Schemes of Time-of-Use Pricing When the Production Function...

April 1989 · The Energy Journal

Asher Tishler

This paper constructs a model of firms' behavior before and after the introduction of time-of-use (TOU) pricing of electricity, encompassing optimal behavior under both flat-rate and time-of-use pricing. The model aims to be consistent, constraining those parameters not affected by time-of-use pricing so that they are the same under both price schemes. However, it also accounts for the new ... [Show full abstract] conditions (structure) under which the firm must operate once time-of-use pricing is adopted. The results show that the optimal capital under the flat rate is identical to that under revenue-neutral TOU. Almost all the firm's adjustments take place at the time that the time-of-use pricing is introduced, and only very few additional adjustments take place in the long run. These results contradict the widely-held belief that the firm cannot redistribute its electricity use over the day very quickly but can do so in the long run, once the capital input has adjusted to the new conditions.

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May 1997

Craig Nevill-Manning

Programming by demonstration seeks to allow people to communicate algorithms easily to computers. The world in which the communication takes place, and the set of actions that can be performed in that world, both influence the efficiency and correctness of the transmitted algorithms, and the extent to which efficiency and correctness can be guaranteed. This paper discusses the effects of ... [Show full abstract] different worlds and action sets on the effectiveness of a programming by demonstration system, and examines two specific questions: what effect does the absence of programming metaphors from the action set have on the efficiency of the induced algorithm, and what effect does the introduction of variables into the action set have on the ease of algorithm induction? 1 Introduction Computers operate by executing algorithms on data. People operate by executing algorithms, in some form, on data. There are many advantages in having a computer execute an algorithm on behalf of a person. The main problem is ...

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The 1st Polish Armoured Division in Normandy

January 1970

Stainslaw Maczek

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Before the Clearances

July 2007

Eric Richards

It used to be assumed that ‘the law of progress’ simply did not operate in the Scottish Highlands: this was a society which had been had been sunk in a primitive and uncivilised state for centuries; its people had always been in the thrall of their autocratic patriarchs; it was chained to ‘a sort of Asiatic immutability’ This was a view of the old Highlands common in Victorian times. Is it an ... [Show full abstract] accurate account of the condition of the Highlands before the Clearances? And is this a fair benchmark by which to measure the impact of the coming Clearances? Did the introduction of sheep constitute ‘progress’?

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Iris Murdoch and Elias Canetti: Towards a Reassessment

January 2012

Elaine Morley

This chapter will argue that the relationship between Iris Murdoch and Elias Canetti is in urgent need of reassessment. It has long been known that these two writers enjoyed a brief affair. It has also been alleged that Canetti’s personality served as the model for Murdoch’s most iniquitous protagonists. Yet new evidence suggests both that their relationship lasted far longer than we have been ... [Show full abstract] led to believe and that, perhaps more significantly, its consequences for Murdoch’s work run far deeper than previously thought. By way of introduction I will set out some salient biographical details before describing how Murdoch’s connection to Canetti has been portrayed so far. I will present and analyse evidence in the form of letters between the two and annotations in Murdoch’s copy of Canetti’s magnum opus, which alter this picture of the relationship. Textual analyses impelled by Murdoch’s letters and annotations reveal that Murdoch and Canetti had shared intellectual interests that focused on the particular philosophical problem of the post-Kantian autonomous individual. This chapter will demonstrate how in her novel, The Time of the Angels (1966), Murdoch actually mirrors Canetti’s discussion of this issue in his novel, Die Blendung (1935).

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Motorist Information Systems: An Introduction

January 1998

Dr. Richard H. M. Emmerink

Motorist information systems enhance drivers’ knowledge of the situation in road networks, and thus improve driver’s decision-making (Ben-Akiva et al., 1991; Bonsall et al., 1991; van Berkum and van der Mede, 1993). However, it is far less well understood whether and to what extent the interaction between the drivers themselves and the information and the drivers may reduce potential beneficial ... [Show full abstract] effects of these new technologies. A few models have been developed in order to assess the potential of motorist information systems. Whether these are able to capture the main characteristics of these systems is unclear (Watling, 1994). Using simulation experiments, Mahmassani and Chen (1991) and Mahmassani and Jayakrishnan (1991) found that if more than 20 per cent of the drivers are equipped with the motorist information system, the negative effects due to concentration and overreaction (Ben-Akiva et al., 1991), may begin to outweigh the beneficial effects. Concentration takes place if the information reduces the variations among drivers, increases uniformity of perceptions of network conditions and thus increases congestion. Overreaction occurs if drivers do not fully take into account the responses of other drivers provided with the same information, thereby shifting the congestion from one road to another. In these circumstances Mahmassani and Jayakrishnan (1991) argued that provision of coordinated information is necessary.

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Component Group Diagnosability via Directional Resolution

December 2009 · IFAC Proceedings Volumes

Ivan Havel

This paper addresses simplification of diagnostic models of systems that can be described in propositional logic. Performing diagnostics on the entire model of a system when only a few variables are expected to be observed, is not efficient. If we know the limited set of variables which might appear in the observation, then we can simplify the diagnostic model before the diagnosis inference takes ... [Show full abstract] place. An extended model pruning procedure was proposed which systematically removes parts of a model that do not contribute to the overall system diagnosis. It employs an algorithm deciding component group diagnosability based on directional resolution. The paper analyses behavior of group diagnosability for different component groupings in a model. A set of general rules capturing the diagnosability changes for growing groups is derived. The pruning procedure is modified on the basis of these rules.