Article

Integration of the normal driver in the development process of active steering systems

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Abstract

The proportion of active chassis systems and x-by-wire applications is increasing in the current vehicle development. They represent a larger function range as well as an increased safety in the control loop "driver-vehicle- environment". At this point, especially steering systems are quite important, because the driver is adapted to the car by the steering wheel. Therefore different steering systems have been developed, starting with mechanical systems which meanwhile have been replaced by steering systems, which influence the steering torque (e.g. Servotronic, EPHS or EPS). Nowadays, active steering systems, which are also able to set an additional steering angle, conquer the vehicle industry. Dimensioning active steering systems, a realization of technical and functional requirements and a suitable safety strategy is necessary. This results in an increased comfort and active safety. On the other side, safety functions must guarantee that in case of disturbances or breakdowns of mechatronic systems, the car stays controllable. Also these malfunctions must not lead to critical driving situations in any case. This paper shows how the development process of active steering systems can be designed consequently regarding normal driver orientation. This process starts with the conception, followed by the design process and realization of the technical functions up to suitable safety concepts. Here, the maximal actuator malfunction, determined in tests with a normal driver population, are investigated and identified for safety functions.

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Article
An important development of the steering systems in general is active steering systems like active front steering and steer-by-wire systems. In this paper the current functional possibilities in application of active steering systems are explored. A new approach and additional functionalities are presented that can be implemented to the active steering systems without additional hardware such as new sensors and electronic control units. Commercial active steering systems are controlling the steering angle depending on the driving situation only. This paper introduce methods for enhancing active steering system functionalities depending not only on the driving situation but also vehicle parameters like vehicle mass, tyre and road condition. In this regard, adaptation of the steering ratio as a function of above mentioned vehicle parameters is presented with examples. With some selected vehicle parameter changes, the reduction of the undesired influences on vehicle dynamics of these parameter changes has been demonstrated theoretically with simulations and with real-time driving measurements.
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A conventional way to enhance the steering features (hence optimize the vehicle dynamics) and steering feeling has been realized with EPS (Electric Power Steering) Systems. Another milestone of steering systems is the steer-by-wire steering system, which has no mechanical connection between the steering wheel and tires. Steer-by-wire systems offer many additional desirable steering characteristics. In this paper, a steer-by-wire implementation with new functions will be introduced. Furthermore first results with real-time experimental examples will be elucidated in detail.
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