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Effect of banana leaves feeding on growth of rabbits
Abstract
Rabbit being a herbivorus animal can consume a variety of vegetations ranging from green leafy vegetables to fodder tree leaves. Banana leaves contain 20% dry matter and as no information is available about feeding of banana leaves to rabbits, an investigation was made to replace a part of rabbit ration with banana leaves to reduce the feed cost.
... Appendix Table A1 summarizes those comments regarding positive effects. Increased feed intake was cited most frequently, and linked with improved palatability (Aldosari et al., 1995;Moon et al., 2004;Saikia et al., 2010), better balance of nutrients such as sugar, carbohydrate:lipid ratio (Kumar et al., 2009;Mo et al., 2014;Gowda et al., 2015), or improved nutrient availability to support animal growth (Rohilla et al., 2000;Lee et al., 2008;Kaltenegger et al., 2020). Pre-feeding treatment of food waste through fermentation was cited for enhanced digestibility as well as nutrient availability to meet animal needs (Lee et al., 2008;Yan et al., 2011). ...
Enormous amounts of food waste are generated that could potentially be used for livestock feeding to support sustainable food production and reduce climate and resource burdens. Many studies have documented animal productivity parameters (growth, yield, feed use efficiency) when fed food waste, but their findings remain fragmented. Our objective is to synthesize results from these studies to uncover collective evidence on how animal productivity is affected. A systematic literature review identified 102 studies, which originated from 31 countries and encompassed all major food-producing animal species fed food waste of various types and rates. The field-based primary data were normalized to discern patterns and trends. Animals in 75-77 % of all cases performed as optimally or increased productivity compared to those fed control diet; the remaining 23-25 % had decreased performance. Meta-analysis of a subset of data indicated that pig growth did not differ between control and treatment diets of varying food waste rates. Ultimately, balancing major nutrients from all feed ingredients are key for maintaining optimal productivity while pursuing sustainability.
... Non-Ruminants -Banana leaf meal could be used up to 15% in the diet of growing pigs, resulting in satisfactory average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency. Rabbits can be fed up to 40% banana leaves without adverse effects on growth, feed intake and digestibility (Rohilla & Bujarbaruah, 2000). And in poultry it can be used up-to 10%. ...
... Banana/plantain leaves cannot meet animal r e q u i r e m e n t s a l o n e , t h e r e f o r e supplementation with nitrogen and energy or its incorporation in a diet containing other feedstuffs and forages are suggested (Ffoulkes and Preston, 1978). Rabbits could be fed up to 40% without negative effects on growth, feed intake and physiology while 60% inclusion rate reduced dry matter intake (Rohilla and Bujarbaruah, 2000). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) is an index of the efficiency of converting unit feed into unit weight gain. ...
The potentials of non-conventional resources are great as they play an important role inalleviating the problem of cost and competition of conventional feed sources for livestock and poultry in Nigeria. This study aimed at investigating the growth performance of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of plantain leaf (PL). Thirty mixed bred rabbits aged 6-8 weeks old with an average weight of 0.70 ± 0.02 kg were randomly allotted to five experimental treatments of three replicates each in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of T1 – concentrate alone (control), T2 – T5 had 25g, 50g, 75g and 100g of PL respectively. Proximate composition of the feed were carried out while initial weight, final weight, feed intake, feed conversion and weight gain were measured. Results revealed that the crude protein and crude fibre contents of the concentrate and PL recorded 19.30% and 9.97% vs 0.98% and 8.11% respectively. Initially weight ranged from 0.65kg – 0.76kg. Rabbits on T2 recorded the least final weight (0.98kg) which was similar to those on T4 (1.05kg) and T3 (1.10kg) but lower (P<0.05) than those on T5 and T1 (1.32kg and 1.38kg respectively). Rabbits on T5 recorded the highest intake of PL (83.72g/d) while those on T2 had the least (21.04g/d). Weight gain was highest (0.68kg), for rabbits on T1 but least for those on T2 (0.23 kg). The feed conversion ratio ranged from 4.65 (T1) to 14.85 (T4). Rabbits were able to tolerate the plantain leaf meal up to 100g. In addition, rabbits on 100g/day plantain leaf performed comparably with those on control.
... and C (81.91±2.20g). The daily forage intake was higher than values reported (Rohilla and Bujarbaruah, 2000) for rabbits fed plantain leaves but lower than values reported for oil palm leaves fed rabbits (Abdel-Azeem and El-Bordeny, 2007). However, the observed trend in which plantain leaves consumption was similar to that of calopogonium agrees with reports by Enyenihi et al. (2019) that intake of plantain leaf was comparable to that of other conventional forages. ...
Performance and organoleptic indices of rabbits fed plantain, oil palm and calopogonium leaves was assessed using 48, eight weeks old bucks. They were allotted to four groups of 12 animals and three replicates of four animals each. Group A (control) was fed calopogonium leaf while groups B, C, and D were fed plantain leaf, oil palm leaf, and 50% oil palm + 50% plantain leaves, respectively. Animals consumed fixed amount of commercial pellets while forages and water were given ad libitum. Completely randomized design, one-way analysis of variance was used. Proximate analysis of pellets and forages as well as feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were assessed. At the end of the experiment, meat from one rabbit per treatment was used for sensory evaluation by 20 semi-trained panelists using 7-point hedonic scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference. Crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and ash contents of the leaves ranged from 25.11±1.50 (calopogonium) to 4.90±0.92 (oil palm), 38.40±2.12 (oil palm) to 15.38±0.07 (plantain), 9.71±0.01 (plantain) to 2.30±0.01 (oil palm), 47.80±0.56 (oil palm) to 32.27±0.02 (calopogonium) and 11.93±0.02 (plantain) to 2.99±0.01 (oil palm), respectively. Groups A and B had the highest (p<0.05) final weight and weight gains while groups A, B and C had the highest (p<0.05) forage intake. Feed conversion ratios of groups A and B were better (lower) than others. Forages had no effect on meat colour and texture. Groups B and D meats tasted better than others. Group D meat aroma was better than those fed single forages. Meats from groups C and D were the juiciest while meats from groups A, C and D were the most acceptable. Consideration of final weights, weight gains, feed conversion ratio and taste of meat would require that plantain leaves be used to feed meat rabbits.
... • Banana leaf meal to growing pigs (Garcia et al. 1991) and rabbit (Rohilla and Bujarbaruah 2000) • Banana peel to ruminants (Dormond et al. 1998) andducks (Ulep andSantos 1995) • Banana root to chicken and pigs (Rodríguez et al. 2006) • Banana stem to dairy cattle (Sruamsiri 2007) • Dried banana peel to growing pigs (Rios et al. 1975) • Dried plantain leaves to broiler (Marin et al. 2003) • Sundried ripe plantain peel to rabbit 5. Cannery waste • As alternate feed resource to ruminants • As concentrate feed replacement in dairy cattle ration (Sruamsiri 2007) 6. Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) ...
To overcome malnutrition and hunger, people need to be fed well, for which they need required quantities of animal source foods (ASFs) like milk, meat, fish and eggs. This is often difficult, due to feed and fodder scarcity especially in developing countries like India. The scarcity is more acute in landless animal and poultry production. Studies indicate potential of using fruit and vegetable wastes (FVWs) as feed, citing its nutritional value. On the other hand, FVWs are a burden and threat to environment. Unexplored areas of FVW research need to be studied for neutralizing threat by processing and recycling FVWs into animal and poultry feed. This paper gives an overview of the potential of FVWs as animal and poultry feed. Also, it describes the way forward and strategies to confront the constraints and challenges, highlights social marketing on waste disposal with special reference to FVWs and emphasizes collaborative involvement of stakeholders involved in fruit and vegetable value chain. As animals and poultry do directly and indirectly contribute to many of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), farmers and stakeholders of fruit and vegetable value chain need to be intervened with strategic extension and research initiatives to propagate and utilize the potential of FVWs as animal and poultry feed.
... Leaf meal Growing pigs Up to 15% resulting in satisfactory average daily gain and feed conversion [81] Fresh leaf Rabbits Up to 40% without adverse effects on growth, feed intake and digestibility [82] Fresh foliage ...
Modern society accumulates huge amounts of waste material, particularly in the food industry, where manipulation is usually inadequate and causes a serious ecological problem. As this state is unsustainable and a concern for the future, food by-products must be used as raw materials in further production, because they are often still rich in nutrients or bioactive compounds. This paper provides a comprehensive review of plant food by-product application in animal nutrition around the world. In addition, special attention is paid to ecological benefits, and warns about the potential hazards and negative sides of plant food by-products usage in animal nutrition.
... However, plantain leaf meal at a 20% level had a significant detrimental effect on ileal and faecal digestibility of most nutrients, including protein, but it may be used at low levels in pig diets [54]. Rabbits can be fed up to 40% banana leaves without adverse effects on growth, feed intake and digestibility [55]. After weaning, young rabbits were fed diets containing either 30% fresh banana leaves or plantain leaves or a mixture of banana leaf meal and fresh leaves (1 : 1). ...
The increasing trend future consumption of animal products will give rise to a huge demand of animal feed. Meeting this demand will be a challenge, given the scarcity of natural resources such as land and water. Currently approximately 1.3 billion tonnes of food is lost and wasted annually, and fruit and vegetables (FV) form a substantial part of this loss. Use of FV loss and waste, as animal feed, can contribute to meeting the feed deficiency existing in most developing countries. Also their use as animal feed will bring them back into the human food chain. Simultaneously it will help mitigating environmental problems that arise due to decomposition of such wastes in the environment. This review, first in a series, discusses options and challenges in using fruit wastes and by-products as animal feed. The fruits discussed are amla, apple, apricot, banana, citrus and raspberry, among many others. The nutritional value, conservation methods, feeding management and guidance on the levels at which these unconventional feed resources can be used in the diets of farm animal species are presented. Some of the major constraints in the use of fruit wastes and by-products are the presence of pesticides, pesticide residues, mycotoxins, heavy metals, furans and dioxins. There is a need to regularly monitor such contaminants in these feed resources. Equally important is to conduct risk assessment given the presence of these contaminants in the animal diets. A concerted research and commercial efforts are needed to realize the full potential of such wastes and by-products for the animal agriculture.
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of Alugbati (Basella alba), and Banana (Musa spp.) leaves as supplementary feeds for broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).
The term agricultural and fishery waste is broadly used to describe waste material generated from various farming and fishery operations. These activities include livestock cultivation, dairy farming, poultry egg production, wild fish harvest and aquaculture, as well as fruits and vegetable farming. Agricultural and fishery wastes occur in several forms as solids, liquids, or slurries; and they constitute a significant proportion of the global agricultural and fishery harvest. This chapter presents a general overview of waste generated by the agricultural and fishery sectors, and some of the ways in which they are utilized. The disposal of these wastes by traditional methods poses human safety and serious environmental health problems. Part of the solution to alleviating world hunger would be more efficient transformation of the abundant waste generated from agricultural and fishery harvesting/processing into high value‐added byproducts of commercial relevance; instead of producing more foodstuff to generate more waste.
In recent years, global epidemiological studies have been targeted at uncovering the causes associated with the etiology of several important diseases affecting human health. Much attention has therefore been paid to the development of products with physiological functions that promote human health. Enrichment of foods with bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), or antioxidant agents (vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids, etc.) appear to improve quality characteristics and protect consumer health against oxidation effects.Animal products are in the forefront of the consumer and food industry interest and provide human organisms with high-quality proteins, vitamins, and minerals. However, autoxidation of lipids and the production of free radicals are natural processes occurring in biological systems leading to oxidative deterioration and off-flavors development. Several by-products of the agroindustry (grape pomace, citrus pulp, etc.) possess significant antioxidant properties, due to their components (polyphenols, flavonoids, etc.). Their use in the diets of farm animals could combine the positive effects of improving animal products' quality characteristics and human health with preventing problems related with their disposal into the environment. However, further study is warranted to elucidate their exact action and establish the regular use of these by-products in animal production.
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