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Toyota's New Shift-by-Wire System for Hybrid Vehicles
... In terms of its structure, SRM is highly robust. SRM has been reported to be used by Toyota and Lexus as the motor is reliable and highly responsive [3,4]. ...
... SRM has a large number of advantages because of its simple structure, but the implementation of the motor in practical everyday use is still low compared to other machines. In [3,4], the authors presented a 12/8 SRM for an actual SBW application; however, the improvement of the drawbacks of SRM such as torque ripple were not clearly discussed and/or shown. Other than the design method and analysis, it is hoped that this study can guide researchers and industries to utilize and improve SRMs to make it competitive in the market. ...
The shift-by-wire (SBW) system in vehicles aims to increase performance, safety, and comfort during driving. Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are simple, resilient, and require only minimum maintenance; these factors make it a good option for use as an SBW actuator. Inherently, SRM generates a higher torque ripple than other AC machines, which can lead to a deterioration of its function. In this paper, a non-uniform air-gap rotor structure combined with the careful positioning of holes near the pole surface is proposed to reduce the torque ripple. The finite element method (FEM) is employed to analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of the design. The proposed motor is manufactured, and experiments are done to verify the performance. The design alone can reduce the torque ripple by 7% and flatten the torque waveform. The experimental result shows that the proposed motor can achieve the desired performance. The estimated torque ripple from the experiment is 26.65%.
... As a result, they have replaced the conventional mechanical transmission system [4,5], and they have become customary over the last several decades. The SBW systems not only possess several advantages in terms of driver convenience and ease of gear shift operation, but they also help improve the level of freedom in transmission system design and space utilization inside vehicles [5][6][7]. In particular, an SBW system with electronic shift buttons facilitates easier gear shifting as compared with a transmission shift lever [8]. ...
Automotive gear shifters are among the most important control devices in driving tasks, and their user-centered design has a direct impact on the driving performance and safety. In recent years, shift-by-wire systems with electronic shift buttons have replaced conventional transmission systems due to their advantages, such as the ease of shifting and space utilization inside vehicles. However, there are no minimum requirements or specific regulations for electronic shift button layouts. Thus, different car manufacturers and models have adopted different layouts, and this in turn has induced the risk of driver confusion/error in the shifting operation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the ergonomic performance of different electronic shift button layouts and examine the variance in performance depending on driving experience. Here, 21 survey respondents with different levels of driving experience subjectively evaluated 12 different shift button layouts for 7 ergonomic evaluation measures (accuracy, convenience, rapidity, learnability, intuitiveness, safety, and preference). The outcomes of the study elucidate ergonomic layouts that receive high rankings in each driving experience group (all, novice, and experienced drivers) and principles that should be considered when designing shift button layouts for each group. These findings are expected to contribute to the ergonomic design and international standardization of shift button layouts, thereby preventing driver confusion/errors and improving road safety.
Increased requirements regarding ergonomic comfort, limited space, weight reduction, and electronic automation of functions and safety features are on the rise for future automotive gear levers. At the same time, current mechanical gear levers have restrictions to achieve this. In this paper, we present a monostable, miniaturized mechatronic gear lever to fulfill these requirements for automotive applications. This solution describes a gear lever for positioning in the center console of a car to achieve optimal ergonomics for dynamic driving, which enables both automatic and manual gear switching. In this paper, we describe the sensor and actuator concept, safety concept, recommended shift pattern, mechanical design, and the electronic integration of this shift-by-wire system in a typical automotive bus communication network. The main contribution of this paper is a successful system design and the integration of a mechatronic system in new applications for optimizing the human-machine interface inside road vehicles.
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