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NECC : un jeu de simulation pour l’aide à la décision collective. Application à une région méditerranéenne “virtuelle”

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  • Centre international de hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes CIHEAM

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Beaucoup d’instruments d’aide à la décision sont maintenant accessibles et utilisés par les agriculteurs et les conseillers agricoles. Les simulations de budget sont les plus fréquemment utilis ées et les techniques d’optimisation sont très utilisées dans la recherche. Mais ces instruments ont des limites. De très nombreuses questions (marché, utilisation de ressources naturelles limitées) ne peuvent être prises en considération uniquement au niveau d’une exploitation agricole mais requièrent une approche globale. Le point central de cette communication est le jeu de rˆole développé pour tester différentes politiques de l’eau. Le jeu (NECC, négociation et évaluation des choix collectifs) se déroule en deux phases. Chaque joueur gère une exploitation ou un groupe d’exploitations. Chaque année, il doit décider son assolement, mais dans une première phase, il est en situation de décision individuelle, sans concertation, sans connaître la disponibilité en eau et le prix des produits qui dépendent des choix des autres joueurs. Dans une seconde étape, chacun des décideurs peut négocier avec les autres décideurs afin d’améliorer son système d’exploitation, le modèle utilisé calcule la rentabilité, en fonction du déficit hydrique et des prix en relation avec la production globale. Les décisions qui en découlent peuvent être très variées, de la simple information à une coopération, jusqu’à des stratégies de concurrence ou d’opposition. Les acteurs peuvent négocier et décider différentes formules pour ajuster la demande et la disponibilité en eau. Nous utilisons ce jeu avec de vrais acteurs et cela permet d’identifier la nécessité de coordination entre les différents acteurs qui prennent des décisions et la valeur de la négociation pour établir un ensemble de règles applicables collectivement. Ce jeu est un excellent outil d’apprentissage de la négociation et un support de test pour de nouvelles règles de gestion collective. MEDTER constitue une application dans une petite région méditerranéenne comprenant différents systèmes de production agricole.
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... The MEDTER Game (Le Bars, Le Grusse et al., 2004) has a history similar to the previous one. First designed for a course (figure 2), its methodology was then applied to build a game used in South-West of France with farmers. ...
... Consequently, the design modalities should be the same for all RPGs. Those we propose are inspired by the different experiences found in the literature, notably those developed under the ComMod approach, by Lankford & Sokile (2003) or Le Bars, Le Grusse, et al., (2004). ...
... Its transposition into real-life contexts in Tanzania first and then in other African countries proved useful to elicit farmers' suggestions regarding real-life solutions and allowed them to understand their crucial role in the management of the resource. The MEDTER Game (Le Bars, Le Grusse et al., 2004) has a similar history to the Riparwin RBG, as it was designed to be a teaching support, and then was used to build a game used in the South West of France with farmers. This game is based on a computerized simulation tool (OLYMPE) developed to assist farm management. ...
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