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Evaluation of cement kiln dust for using in glass making
Abstract
Cement kiln dust is a by-product developed during the normal production of cement. In Egypt, cement industry discard about 3 million tons per year of cement dust that are collected from exhaust gases of cement kiln, nodulizers, and cooling towers. This huge quantity of dust generates continuous problems for both cement makers and governments. The use of cement kiln dust in any application is considered as a solution for environmental pollution problems. One of the possible solutions of these environmental pollution problems is to use cement dust as a raw material for other industries. Glass industry is one of silicate industries that could use cement dust as one of its raw materials. In this paper, the evaluation of cement kiln dust formed in Helwan Portland Cement Co. for use as a non-conventional raw material for glass manufacture is considered. The main parameters of this study are the study of chemical and mineralogical compositions, the grain size analysis and differential thermal analysis of the raw, calcined as well as washed dust. The cement kiln dust was found to be a crystalline material which consists of CaO and SiO2 as major constituents with Al2O3, MgO, Na2O, K2O, SO3 and Cl ion as minor constituents. Calcination and washing of the dust were found to affect the chemical and mineralogical composition. The results obtained in this work are in good agreement with data already available in the literature.
... Some investigations are being aimed at utilisation of the dust in the chemical extraction of alkali salts. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Further possible uses, which allow for the special chemical characteristics of these dusts, are emerging within the production of glass products, too. The composition of dusts from cement production provides for a partial substitution of common glass raw materials. ...
... Some investigations are being aimed at utilisation of the dust in the chemical extraction of alkali salts. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Further possible uses, which allow for the special chemical characteristics of these dusts, are emerging within the production of glass products, too. The composition of dusts from cement production provides for a partial substitution of common glass raw materials. ...
The introduction of alkaline process dusts from the cement industry into various glass production processes was investigated on pre-industrial scales. Particular benefits from the examined dusts were expected both due to their alkali content and hydraulic properties. It could be demonstrated that the by-products can be applied to several sectors of the glass industry, such as production lines for:
- Compact and hollow glass ware
- Pellets for glass fibre manufacture
-Foam glass and
-Expanded mineral products.
The examined process dusts turned out to be sufficiently homogeneous in composition and physical properties to be used as secondary raw materials in glass production. Depending on the process, between 10 and 50 wt.-% of the primary raw materials could be substituted by cement kiln dusts. With further technical adjustments of the glass production lines, even higher substitution rates can be achieved. In addition to the partial replacement of primary alkali sources, the hydraulic properties of the examined cement kiln dusts provide for a recirculation of waste dusts from the glass production plants. Particulate filter dusts can be stabilised and reintegrated into the process, as when they are blended with the cement kiln dusts and then moisturised, the hydraulic binding reactions prevent further dust releases. The satisfactory results of these pre-industrial studies give rise to the presumption, that the given technological concept can be realised successfully under industrial conditions. A series of initial large-scale tests is being planned currently.
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