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Prunus lusitanica L. en la Península Ibérica
Abstract
Prunus lusitanica L. is a tree which presents an outstanding botanical interest.
In the present work, the distribution, the physical medium and the vegetal groups of
this species on the Iberian Peninsula have been studied.
In order to carry out this work, most of the information about this species
generated for the last 30 years has been collected in the first place.
Later, a survey of all the places included by the available bibliography was
carried out, and also a search around neighbouring areas and other ones with similar
characteristics. During this survey, 133 locations of the species in the Iberian
Peninsula have been described, of which 25 were discovered during the field work.
This survey has served to make cartography of plants in the Iberian Peninsula, scale
1:25.000 in Portugal and 1:50.000 in Spain. It has also served the collection of plants
data and physical medium data (lithological and physiographic mainly).
At a later stage, new data about the physical medium have been collected
(edaphic and climatic mainly).
All the data collected during the two previous stages have been analysed in
order to obtain the common features of all locations on the one hand; and, on the
other hand, the particularities of each geographical area of the Iberian Peninsula
inhabited by the above mentioned species.
... Hasta la fecha hay sobre todo datos taxonómicos (FRANCO 1964) y corológicos (p. ej., FRANCO 1964, LADERO 1976, BORDA & LLORENTE 1996, SANTIAGO BELTRÁN 2001. Además, a escala regional se ha aportado información florística de sus poblaciones y sus requerimientos de hábitat (BOLÒS 1956, LADERO 1970, PINTO DA SILVA & TELES 1986, REIS DE LIMA DUARTE & DA SILVA ALVES 1989, LÓPEZ-SÁEZ 1995, COSTA TENORIO et al. 1997, REDONDO GARCÍA & FERRERAS CHASCO 2002, 2003, LARA et al. 2004. ...
... Además, a escala regional se ha aportado información florística de sus poblaciones y sus requerimientos de hábitat (BOLÒS 1956, LADERO 1970, PINTO DA SILVA & TELES 1986, REIS DE LIMA DUARTE & DA SILVA ALVES 1989, LÓPEZ-SÁEZ 1995, COSTA TENORIO et al. 1997, REDONDO GARCÍA & FERRERAS CHASCO 2002, 2003, LARA et al. 2004. A escala ibérica se ha trabajado sobre las relaciones florísticas entre loreras de distintas regiones geográficas (CALLEJA 2000, SANTIAGO BELTRÁN 2001, CALLEJA 2006. Sin embargo, no se ha publicado un análisis de la composición y el espectro corológico de la flora de las loreras ibéricas, ni tampoco se ha abordado una síntesis de la estructura de las comunidades ni una interpretación que no sea la derivada de los estudios a escala regional y en clave estrictamente fitosociológica. ...
... En nuestra opinión también son azonales las numerosas loreras que se extienden desde las orillas hacia las laderas. Esta capacidad facilita el contacto con la vegetación climatófila y por ello coincidimos parcialmente con el papel transicional que se les atribuye (LADERO 1976, GUTIÉRREZ PERARNAU & SÁEZ GOÑALONS 1994, COSTA TENORIO et al. 1997, COSTA et al., 2000SANTIAGO BELTRÁN 2001). No obstante, una elevada proporción de las loreras que abarcan simultáneamente ribera y ladera y la mayoría de las que prosperan alejadas de los cursos fluviales, se benefician de aportes extra de agua en forma de manantiales. ...
The main objective is to characterize the flora and structure of Iberian forests dominated by Prunuslusitanica–named as loreras– and discuss its relict nature. To put this analysis in context, it is pro-vided a basic description of the habitats occupied by the Iberian loreras. The Iberian loreras thrivein two significantly different climatic and biogeographic regions. They usually inhabit enclaves ofsteep slopes and they grow on soils poorly developed, mainly siliceous but also calcareous ones. Inall geographical areas Prunus lusitanicastands grow along river banks and close to springs behav-ing as typical riparian or hygrophilous communities. Chorological and biotypes spectra of lorerasdo not indicate that they are impoverished versions of existing Macaronesian laurophyllousforests. Rather, Iberian loreras seem to be original forests that host a rich courtship of atlantic andtemperate plants that coexist with Prunus lusitanicain very wet places.
(PDF) Análisis e interpretación geobotánica de la estructura y composición florística de las loreras ibéricas. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229601815_Analisis_e_interpretacion_geobotanica_de_la_estructura_y_composicion_floristica_de_las_loreras_ibericas [accessed Feb 15 2019].
... Hasta la fecha hay sobre todo datos taxonómicos (FRANCO 1964) y corológicos (p. ej., FRANCO 1964, LADERO 1976, BORDA & LLORENTE 1996, SANTIAGO BELTRÁN 2001. Además, a escala regional se ha aportado información florística de sus poblaciones y sus requerimientos de hábitat (BOLÒS 1956, LADERO 1970, PINTO DA SILVA & TELES 1986, REIS DE LIMA DUARTE & DA SILVA ALVES 1989, LÓPEZ-SÁEZ 1995, COSTA TENORIO et al. 1997, REDONDO GARCÍA & FERRERAS CHASCO 2002, 2003, LARA et al. 2004. ...
... Además, a escala regional se ha aportado información florística de sus poblaciones y sus requerimientos de hábitat (BOLÒS 1956, LADERO 1970, PINTO DA SILVA & TELES 1986, REIS DE LIMA DUARTE & DA SILVA ALVES 1989, LÓPEZ-SÁEZ 1995, COSTA TENORIO et al. 1997, REDONDO GARCÍA & FERRERAS CHASCO 2002, 2003, LARA et al. 2004. A escala ibérica se ha trabajado sobre las relaciones florísticas entre loreras de distintas regiones geográficas (CALLEJA 2000, SANTIAGO BELTRÁN 2001, CALLEJA 2006. Sin embargo, no se ha publicado un análisis de la composición y el espectro corológico de la flora de las loreras ibéricas, ni tampoco se ha abordado una síntesis de la estructura de las comunidades ni una interpretación que no sea la derivada de los estudios a escala regional y en clave estrictamente fitosociológica. ...
... En nuestra opinión también son azonales las numerosas loreras que se extienden desde las orillas hacia las laderas. Esta capacidad facilita el contacto con la vegetación climatófila y por ello coincidimos parcialmente con el papel transicional que se les atribuye (LADERO 1976, GUTIÉRREZ PERARNAU & SÁEZ GOÑALONS 1994, COSTA TENORIO et al. 1997, COSTA et al., 2000SANTIAGO BELTRÁN 2001). No obstante, una elevada proporción de las loreras que abarcan simultáneamente ribera y ladera y la mayoría de las que prosperan alejadas de los cursos fluviales, se benefician de aportes extra de agua en forma de manantiales. ...
Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología. Fecha de lectura: 03-11-2006
... Hasta la fecha hay sobre todo datos taxonómicos (FRANCO 1964) y corológicos (p. ej.,FRANCO 1964, LADERO 1976, BORDA & LLORENTE 1996, SANTIAGO BELTRÁN 2001). Además, a escala regional se ha aportado información florística de sus poblaciones y sus requerimientos de hábitat (BOLÒS 1956, LADERO 1970, REDONDO GARCÍA & FERRERAS CHASCO 2002, LARA et al. 2004). ...
... Además, a escala regional se ha aportado información florística de sus poblaciones y sus requerimientos de hábitat (BOLÒS 1956, LADERO 1970, REDONDO GARCÍA & FERRERAS CHASCO 2002, LARA et al. 2004). A escala ibérica se ha trabajado sobre las relaciones florísticas entre loreras de distintas regiones geográficas (CALLEJA 2000, SANTIAGO BELTRÁN 2001, CALLEJA 2006). Sin embargo, no se ha publicado un análisis de la composición y el espectro corológico de la flora de las loreras ibéricas, ni tampoco se ha abordado una síntesis de la estructura de las comunidades ni una interpretación que no sea la derivada de los estudios a escala regional y en clave estrictamente fitosociológica. ...
The main objective is to characterize the flora and structure of Iberian forests dominated by Prunus lusitanica -named as loreras- and discuss its relict nature. To put this analysis in context, it is provided a basic description of the habitats occupied by the Iberian loreras. The Iberian loreras thrive in two significantly different climatic and biogeographic regions. They usually inhabit enclaves of steep slopes and they grow on soils poorly developed, mainly siliceous but also calcareous ones. In all geographical areas Prunus lusitanica stands grow along river banks and close to springs behaving as typical riparian or hygrophilous communities. Chorological and biotypes spectra of loreras do not indicate that they are impoverished versions of existing Macaronesian laurophyllous forests. Rather, Iberian loreras seem to be original forests that host a rich courtship of atlantic and temperate plants that coexist with Prunus lusitanica in very wet places.
... Áreas de Prunus lusitanica en la Península Ibérica(Santiago, 2002) ...
In the present work the distribution, the physical medium, and the vegetal groups of this species (which presents an outstanding botanical interest) on the Iberian Peninsula, have been studied. A survey was carried out, and 133 locations of the species in the Iberian Peninsula have been described, of which 25 were discovered during the field work. This survey has served to make a cartography of this species, and it has also served the collection of plants data and physical medium data (lithological and physiographic mainly). At a later stage, new data about the physical medium have been collected (edaphic and climatic mainly). All the data collected during the two previous stages have been analysed in order to obtain the common features of all locations on the one hand; and, on the other hand, the particularities of each geographical area of the Iberian Peninsula inhabited by the above mentioned species.
... P. lusitanica is a broad-leaved evergreen tree, 3-18 m high. Its range includes the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa (Morocco's Rif Mountains) and the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Canaries, Azores and Madeira (Franco, 1964;Santiago, 2001). In the Iberian Penin-sula, it usually grows on acid soils, living as an understory species within riparian communities along streams and beds near springs in closed mountain gullies, between 100-1,000 m.a.s.l. . ...
Aim of study: The present work provides novel insights on factors (either intrinsic or extrinsic) that trigger sprouting in woody species living at range margins. We aim to explain the inter-individual variability in the multi-stemmed architecture of Prunus lusitanica L., an Iberian evergreen relict tree related to the Tertiary flora. Area of study: Northeastern Mediterranean mountains of the Iberian Peninsula, the Northeast limit of the global distribution of the species. Material and methods: We gathered data on two modes of vegetative reproduction, basal and layering sprouts, in 288 clumps of Prunus lusitanica from four populations. We modeled and analyzed the effect of environmental factors (topography, canopy cover, soil moisture and disturbances) and plant size (diameter at breast height) on sprouting by means of Generalized Linear Model and other statistical approaches. Main results: Plant size arises as the principal factor to explain the variability of the numbers of both types of sprouts yet it is not a trigger factor. Natural and anthropogenic disturbances promote basal and layering shoots, while tree canopy is mainly relevant for basal shoots, and slope and soil moisture are significant factors for layering shoots. Research highlights: The multi-stemmed architecture of P. lusitanica at the Northeastern limit of its worldwide distribution is triggered by local environmental factors and disturbances. Each external factor shows different levels of influence on the variability and type of vegetative reproduction yet the intensity of the response is driven by the size of the largest trunk of each clump.
... No fossils have been found that directly link the Portuguese laurel with the palaeosubtropical geoflora of the Tertiary, but this can be inferred from a number of observations: (1) its leaves are long, wide and perennial, and they show no morphological characteristics typical of adaptation to the Mediterranean summer drought; (2) it belongs to a group of perennial cherries whose maximum richness is found in the tropical forests of the mountains of Southeast Asia (Kalkman, 1965); (3) it forms part of the Macaronesian evergreen forest, coexisting with other lauroids such as Apollonias Ness, Persea Miller, Laurus L. and Visnea L., whose presence in Tertiary Europe is confirmed by the fossil record (Barró n & Peyrot, 2006); and (4) it shows a geographical disjunction with Prunus laurocerasus L., the other perennial cherry of the Mediterranean (Kalkman, 1965); this type of disjunction is also seen for other lauroids such as Rhododendron ponticum L. and is thought to be the result of the fragmentation experienced by the Tertiary European subtropical lauroid vegetation during the Plio-Quaternary climate change (Mai, 1989). The study area included all Iberian sites, 126 in total, where the species has been located over recent decades (Franco, 1964; Santiago Beltrán, 2001; Calleja, 2006). At 101 sites all specimens were counted. ...
Aim To assess the importance of climate and human pressure as factors limiting the past, present and future distribution of Prunus lusitanica L. (the Portuguese laurel), a relict of Europe’s ancient subtropical laurel‐forest flora.
Location The Iberian Peninsula.
Methods A census was taken of the current populations of P. lusitanica in the Iberian Peninsula and the threats they face. The potential distribution of the species was modelled under current climatic conditions and under simulations of the climate for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the mid‐Holocene and the year 2080.
Results The present total population of 31,000 individuals is largely distributed as small, fragmented subpopulations, often threatened by agriculture or forestry. The species’ current range is much smaller than its potentially suitable range. During the LGM, P. lusitanica would have been constrained to a limited number of sites along the Atlantic coast. In the mid‐Holocene, its potential range was much wider than during the LGM and similar to that of the present day. Under the 2080 climate scenario its potential range is reduced by almost 40% compared to that of the present. This reduction includes the loss of territories currently home to three‐quarters of its Iberian population.
Main conclusions Drastic climatic changes and the existence of refugia are usually invoked to explain the rarity and fragmented distribution – yet persistence – of a subtropical flora in southern Europe. The availability of climatically suitable habitats is, however, not necessarily the main factor limiting its distribution. Human impact would appear to have been – and continues to be – of fundamental importance in the current population sizes and potential range of P. lusitanica in the Iberian Peninsula.
... Áreas de Prunus lusitanica en la Península Ibérica(Santiago, 2002) ...
En este trabajo se ha estudiado la distribución, el medio físico y las agrupaciones vegetales de esta especie (que presenta un notable interés botánico) en la Península Ibérica. Se ha realizado una prospección gracias a la cual se han descrito 133 localidades para la especie en la Península, de las cuales 25 han sido descubiertas durante los trabajos de campo. Se ha elaborado una cartografía de esta especie, y también se han recogido datos del medio físico (litológicos y fisiográficos fundamentalmente) y de la vegetación. En una fase posterior de gabinete se han recogido nuevos datos del medio físico (edafológicos y climatológicos fundamentalmente). Todos los datos recogidos en las dos fases anteriores han sido analizados para obtener, por un lado las características comunes de todas las localidades, y por otro lado las particularidades para cada área geográfica peninsular habitada por esta especie.
Índice
Prefacio. Breve historia de la pteridología. Las plantas vasculares: su origen y diversificación. Biología de los pteridófitos. La microevolución de los pteridófitos. Los pteridófitos en Biogeografía. Los helechos como plantas medicinales. Los helechos en jardinería. Los helechos en la conservación de la Naturaleza. Flora pteridofítica de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Sinopsis de clasificación de los pteridófitos ibéricos. Subdivisión Lycophytina. Subdivisión Sphenophytina. Subdivisión Psilophytina. Subdivisión Filicophytina. Bibliografía. Índice de especies.
Descripción principal
A través de las páginas de esta guía, el lector podrá ir descubriendo un interesante grupo vegetal. Los helechos fueron los primeros colonizadores de los continentes, dominando la flora terrestre durante varios millones de años. En la actualidad, tan sólo viven unas 12.000 especies, estando muchas de ellas amenazadas de extinción por la fragilidad de los ecosistemas en que habitan.
Este libro comienza con una extensa introducción, en la que se exponen con amplitud de detalles aspectos históricos, biológicos, biogeográficos y de conservación de la división Pteridophyta.
La segunda parte es una flora analítica de los helechos de la Península Ibérica y Baleares, en la que, además de las descripciones pormenorizadas de cada una de las especies, se dan detalles de la ecología, distribución, cultivo ornamental, utilización farmacológica, etcétera, todo ello acompañado, para su mejor conocimiento, por fotografías, ilustraciones y mapas.
Bierzo y Sª de Gerês están próximas entre sí; y también están próximas entre sí Villuercas -Montes de Toledo y Gredos
- Montes Vascos
Montes Vascos, Bierzo y Sª de Gerês están próximas entre sí; y también están
próximas entre sí Villuercas -Montes de Toledo y Gredos.