Article

Electrical testing of fine and ultra-fine structures

July 1996

Authors:

The ever-increasing complexity of electronic circuits and its corresponding reduction in the size of the interconnection interface, leads to problems in electrical testing which, if they can be overcome at all, require expensive adapter methods. Using a new Pin-Translator, even highly complex layouts can be cost-effectively tested. The Pin-Translator is a conventional printed circuit board located between the test board and test equipment. It transforms the irregularly positioned test-points on the surface of the board being tested into a formatted pattern acceptable by the test equipment. The advantages and drawbacks of this approach are considered.

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Article

Simple Technique Employs Vector Network Analyzer to Broadband High Power Amplifiers in Situ

June 1996

A relatively simple test set-up assists in the broadband tuning of circuits operating at high power levels (i.e. 30 Watts). This procedure also employs a fairly common equipment set. With this method it is possible to optimize ¿in (reflection coefficient) as well as Gp (power gain) across the frequency band of interest. This technique employs a network analyzer, which displays ¿in or Gp, allowing ... [Show full abstract] the effects of circuit tuning to be observed in real time. This dramatically reduces the time it takes to optimize circuit performance. ¿in data includes phase information, which can reduce circuit losses seen when transforming past 50 Ohms. This method also allows the user to extend the measurement reference plane into the input matching network.

Article

Proposal of Inrush Current Prevention Circuit without Electrical Relay

January 2018 · IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems

Generally, in electric equipment, a large inrush current flows in the capacitor when the power is turned on. The inrush current causes deposition of terminals and switches, melting of fuses, and so on. Therefore, conventional inrush current prevention circuits using an electrical relay and a controller are provided. However, the use of electrical relay enhances concern about an increase in cost ... [Show full abstract] and charge-time. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes the inrush current prevention circuit without electrical relay. In this paper, the authors examine the effectiveness of the proposed circuit from experimental results.

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Illuminated push-button switches aid user-machine interface

June 1992

Kikuo Mutoh

The illuminated switch incorporates an indicator to enhance user-machine interface and the demand for illuminated push-button switches is growing. As equipment adopts greater-density operation panels and more complicated control circuits than before, the need for operation confirmation functions gains importance. The illuminated push-button switch meets this need; manufacturers are expanding ... [Show full abstract] product lines and offering new models to the market. This article describes the development of the illuminated push-button switch and the results of the development.

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Electrical endurance and reliability of circuit-breakers-common experience and practice of two utili...

February 1993 · IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery

Electrical endurance of circuit-breakers is not covered by international standards. Special to cover tests, carried out by EDF and ENEL, respectively for HV and MV equipment, are described: They have been defined to represent an equivalent stress level to be borne over 25 years in a modern system. They provide a good compromise between cost and representativeness. A 20 years experience shows that ... [Show full abstract] the tests make it possible satisfactorily to check the aspects of dimensioning concerning the reliability and to give the operator a quantified guarantee. They have been an important factor in the advances in electrical reliability of circuit-breakers. The requirements of the tests are now satisfied without particular difficulties and integrated by the Manufacturers into their development work.

Chapter

Electrical Power Distribution and Protection System—Shipboard (SWBS 320)

August 2011

Mohammed M. Islam

General Grounded System Ungrounded System Safety or Equipment Ground Electrical Protection System Generator-Protective Devices Motor and Motor Circuit Protective Devices Transformer Protective Devices Feeder Protection Circuit Breaker Fundamentals Vital and Non-Vital Services (IEEE Std 45, DNV, and GL) Electrical System Circuit Designations

Article

Load Tap Changing with Vacuum Interrupters

May 1967 · IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems

H.A. Fohrhaltz

A comparison between the four common types of conventional load tap changing (Itc) mechanisms for use on power transformers and the introduction of a new mechanism using vacuum interrupters for the arcing function is presented. Design parameters for the present and new equipment are discussed along with an understanding of some new problems associated with operating speeds, interrupter life, and ... [Show full abstract] voltage transients. The advantages for both the manufacturer and the user of load tap changing, using vacuum interrupters, are identified. These include increased life, smaller size, fewer inspections and servicings, and fewer equipment types.

Article

Selectively implanted oxygen isolation technology (SIO)

February 1985 · Electronics Letters

A new isolation technology using selectively implanted oxygen into silicon is presented. The technique offers a five-fold reduction in the bird's beak as compared to the standard LOCOS process. Good interface characteristics are observed for the implanted oxide as well as for the active oxide grown between the implanted oxide regions. Electrical characteristics of n+/p diodes isolated by the ... [Show full abstract] implanted oxide are found to be comparable to that of LOCOS diodes.

Article

Evaluation of Substation Transformer Loading Using Simulation Techniques

May 1964 · IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems

First Page of the Article

Chapter

Mechanical and Thermal Short‐Circuit Strength

November 2017

Ismail Kasikci

This chapter describes the dimensioning of electrical power installations with respect to stability against mechanical and thermal stresses. Electrical systems are subjected to mechanical and thermal stresses because of short circuits. The construction of the system components and the short-circuit current strength are especially important. The short-circuit strength is the sum total of all ... [Show full abstract] considerations for the prevention and control over the mechanical consequences of short-circuit currents and the joule heating that results. It is necessary to control both the minimum and the maximum short-circuit currents in low-voltage systems without impairing the selectivity. Switches, conductors, and transformers must as a result of short-circuit currents be dimensioned with regard to thermal effects as well. It must be checked whether the thermal equilibrium short-time withstand current is correctly determined. The manufacturers of operational equipment test their products for normal load conditions and for stability under the faulty operating conditions caused by a short circuit.

Article

REALIZATION OF A BROADBAND EXCHANGE.

January 1987

A broadband exchange based on System 12 and offering a switching capacity of up to 140 Mbit/s per channel is being realized. The key switching element uses advanced CMOS technology to realize a cost-effective broadband exchange that will be able to offer broadband services in the near future. The authors describe the main subsystems (switching units, clock generation and distribution units) and ... [Show full abstract] modifications to the equipment practice for high speed signals. A hybrid switching technique, using circuit switching and packet oriented techniques, is outlined as a possible extension to the system concept for longer term implementation.

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An Investigation into the Actual Condition of Electrical Equipments Installation for the Inspection...

May 2009 · Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

In this paper an Investigation into the actual condition of electrical equipment installation for the inspection method development based on IEC 60364. The analysis objects are the difference between electrical equipments installation in korea & electrical equipments installation based on the IEC 60364. The measurement elements are loop impedance, operating characteristic of circuit breaker and ... [Show full abstract] protective conductor continuance. As a result, the korea electrical equipments installation was almost same the TT system but some different of protective conductor continuance. Electrical equipments installed TN-C-S has noting problem about installation but manager dose not understand about IEC 60364.

Article

GTD-4600 NETWORK DESCRIPTION.

March 1978

The physical, operational and maintenance characteristics of the GTD-4600 network and its interfaces with the clock circuit, central processor and the trunk or line group equipment are considered. Progression of a typical call and a 3-port conference call is described. The maintenance features of this switch are also described.