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ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄȺə ȺɄȺȾȿɆɂə ɇȺɍɄ
ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ɎɈɇȾ ɎɍɇȾȺɆȿɇɌȺɅɖɇɕɏ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂɃ
ɂɇɋɌɂɌɍɌ ɈɄȿȺɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ɂɆ.ɉ.ɉ.ɒɂɊɒɈȼȺ ɊȺɇ
ȽȿɈɅɈȽɂə
ɆɈɊȿɃ ɂ ɈɄȿȺɇɈȼ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ XIX Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ
(ɒɤɨɥɵ)ɩɨ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 14–18 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2011 ɝ.
Ɍɨɦ I
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ȽȿɈɋ
2011
ȻȻɄ 26.221
Ƚ35
ɍȾɄ 551.35
Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɦɨɪɟɣ ɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɜ:Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ XIX Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚ-
ɭɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ (ɒɤɨɥɵ)ɩɨ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ.Ɍ. I. – Ɇ.:
2011. – 330 ɫ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɵ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨɜ,ɝɟɨɮɢ-
ɡɢɤɨɜ,ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɧɚ XIX Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ (ɒɤɨɥɟ)ɩɨ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ,ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɹɬɢ ɬɨɦɚɯ.
ȼ ɬɨɦɟ I ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɤɢ,ɩɚɥɟɨɨɤɟɚ-
ɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ,ɩɚɥɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ,ɛɢɨɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɢ,ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɬɥɨ-
ɠɟɧɢɣ.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɉɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤ
ɨ Ɂɟɦɥɟ ɊȺɇ,Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ Ɏɨɧɞɚ Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ
(ɝɪɚɧɬ 11-05-06052), ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ȽȿɈɋ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ
Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɤ Ⱥ.ɉ.Ʌɢɫɢɰɵɧ
Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɤ.ɝ.-ɦ.ɧ.ȼ.ɉ.ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ,ɤ.ɝ.-ɦ.ɧ.ɇ.ȼ.ɉɨɥɢɬɨɜɚ
The reports of marine geologists, geophysics, geochemists and other special-
ists of marine science at XIX International Conference on Marine Geology in
Moscow are published in five volumes.
Volume I includes reports devoted to the problems of marine geology of the
Arctic region, paleooceanology, paleoecology, biostratigraphy, cross correlation
of deposits.
Chief Editor
Academician A.P. Lisitzin
Editors Dr. V.P. Shevchenko, Dr. N.V. Politova
ISBN 975-5-89118-554-8
ȻȻɄ 26.221 © ɂɈ ɊȺɇ 2011
139
Ȼɚɪɚɲ Ɇ.ɋ.
(ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɨɤɟɚɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɦ.ɉ.ɉ.ɒɢɪɲɨɜɚ ɊȺɇ,Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, barashms@yandex.ru)
ɉɚɥɟɨɡɨɣɫɤɢɣ ɚɩɨɤɚɥɢɩɫɢɫ:ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ
Barash M.S.
(Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow)
Paleozoic apocalypse: effects and ɫauses
ɇɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ ɩɚɥɟɨɡɨɹ ɢ ɦɟɡɨɡɨɹ,ɬ.ɟ.ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɩɟɪɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɢɚɫɚ (ɊɌȼ –
Permian-Triassic boundary), 251.0±0.4 ɦɥɧ.ɥ.ɧ., ɜɵɦɟɪɥɨ ɞɨ 96% ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ
ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ.ɗɬɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ
ɛɢɨɬɵ.Ȼɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɣ ɩɟɪɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ 250 ɬɵɫ.ɜɢɞɨɜ,
ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɵ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɨɫɶ ɞɨ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10 ɬɵɫ.
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɊɌȼ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɦɟɪɥɢ
ɚɪɯɚɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɚɥɟɨɡɨɣɫɤɢɟ ɪɵɛɵ (Acanthodians, Placoderms), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɬɪɢɥɨɛɢɬɵ, "ɦɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɩɢɨɧɵ" (Eurypterida), ɝɪɚɩɬɨɥɢɬɵ,ɢɡ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ
ɮɨɪɚɦɢɧɢɮɟɪ - ɮɭɡɭɥɢɧɢɞɵ.Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɥɢ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɭ ɫ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ.ȼɵɦɟɪɥɨ 97% ɮɨɪɚɦɢɧɢɮɟɪ (Foraminifera),
99% ɪɚɞɢɨɥɹɪɢɣ (Radiolaria), 79% ɦɲɚɧɨɤ (Bryozoa), 96% ɩɥɟɱɟɧɨɝɢɯ
ɦɨɥɥɸɫɤɨɜ (Brachiopodɚ), ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɱɟɡɥɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ
ɩɚɥɟɨɡɨɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɞɵ (Productids). ȼɵɦɟɪɥɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ 59% ɞɜɭɫɬɜɨɪɱɚɬɵɯ
ɦɨɥɥɸɫɤɨɜ (Bivalvia), 98% ɛɪɸɯɨɧɨɝɢɯ ɦɨɥɥɸɫɤɨɜ - ɝɚɫɬɪɨɩɨɞ (Gastropoda),
97% ɚɦɦɨɧɢɬɨɜ (Ammonites), 98% ɢɝɥɨɤɨɠɢɯ (Echinodermata), 59%
ɨɫɬɪɚɤɨɞ (Ostracoda).
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɬɵ,ɬɚɤ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɮɚɡ:ɩɟɪɜɚɹ - ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɣ
ɩɟɪɦɢ (260 ɦɥɧ.ɥ.ɧ.), ɢ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ - ɧɚ ɩɟɪɦɨ-ɬɪɢɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 251
ɦɥɧ.ɥ.ɧ.). ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɚ
ɫɱɟɬ ɛɟɧɬɨɫɚ:ɪɭɝɨɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɚɥɥɨɜ,ɮɭɡɭɥɢɧɢɞ,ɛɪɚɯɢɨɩɨɞ,ɦɲɚɧɨɤ,
ɢɝɥɨɤɨɠɢɯ ɢ ɞɪ.ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɚɧɨɤɫɢɢ.ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ
ɦɚɥɨ-ɢɥɢ ɛɟɫɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɯɜɚɬɢɥɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɸ ɬɨɥɳɭ ɜɨɞ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ
(ɫɭɩɟɪɚɧɨɤɫɢɹ). Ȼɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɤɬɨɧɚ ɢ
ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɚ (ɨɫɬɪɚɤɨɞɵ,ɪɚɞɢɨɥɹɪɢɢ ɢ ɞɪ.). ɉɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ
ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɧɤɬɨɧɚ – ɪɚɞɢɨɥɹɪɢɣ,ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɚɩɫ
ɛɢɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.Ⱥɦɦɨɧɨɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɧɚɭɬɢɥɨɢɞɟɢ,ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɯɢɳɧɢɤɢ
(ɪɵɛɵ,ɤɨɧɨɞɨɧɬɵ), ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɨ.
ȼ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɯ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ.ȼɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 3-ɯ
ɦɥɧ.ɥ.Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɵɦ (ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 500
ɥɟɬ)ɨɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ 251.4 ɦɥɧ.ɥ.ɧ.ɋɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ į13ɋɤɚɪɛ
ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɮɟɪɭɥ ɜ ~100 ɪɚɡ.ȼ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɢ ɩɢɪɢɬɚ (ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɚɧɨɤɫɢɢ)ɢ
ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɩɥɚ.Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ Ir, ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ
140
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɮɨɧɨɜɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɩɟɪɦɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɬɪɢɚɫɨɜɵɯ
ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ.ȼɷɬɨɠɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɟɫɫɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡ:
ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɢɲ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɥɢɬ
ɜɉɚɧɝɟɸ;ɝɢɩɟɪɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ;ɚɧɨɤɫɢɹ;ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɋɈ2ɢ H
2S;
ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɨɪɹ ɞɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɚɧɟɪɨɡɨɟ;ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ;
ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɡɦ;ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɞɨɠɞɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ
ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɧɚ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɜ;ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɵ ɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ,ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɜɲɢɟ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ,ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɩɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ,ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ,ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ,ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ.ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ
ɫɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ,ɧɨ ɜɢɞɢɦɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ.
Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ ɩɟɪɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɢɚɫɚ.Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹį13C
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬ +5-7‰ ɞɨ -2-4‰,ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɪɟɡɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ
ɛɢɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.ɉɚɞɟɧɢɟ 87Sr/86Sr ɞɨ ɮɚɧɟɪɨɡɨɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜɵɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɪɢɞɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɲɢ.
Ɋɟɡɤɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ į18Oɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ.ɋɞɜɢɝ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ į34S
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɴɹɬɢɟɦ32Sɩɪɢ ɡɚɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɪɢɬɚ
ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ-ɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɟɣ.
ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɩɟɪɦɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɨɪɹ ɨɩɭɫɬɢɥɫɹ ɞɨ ɮɚɧɟɪɨɡɨɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ,
ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɉɚɧɝɟɢ.ɉɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɥɢ,ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,
ɲɟɥɶɮɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ.Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ,ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ,ɢɦɟɥɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɟ.ȼɤɨɧɰɟ ɩɟɪɦɢ – ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɬɪɢɚɫɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.Ƚɟɪɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɟɡ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɥɫɹ,ɱɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɢɤɚɬɨɜ.
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ,ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɩɚɥɨ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ.Ɉɫɥɚɛɟɥ
ɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɸɫ-ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪ,ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɢɫɶ ɚɩɜɟɥɥɢɧɝɢ,ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɨɜ.ɉɪɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ
ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɤɟɚɧ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɥɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɣ
ɦɚɥɨɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ.Ɍɪɚɧɫɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɚɧɨɤɫɢɢ ɜ
ɲɟɥɶɮɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.Ⱥɧɨɤɫɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ
ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɣ,ɱɬɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɩɟɪɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɮɚɰɢɣ,
ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɛɢɨɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɨɣ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɩɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɦ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ.ɂɦɟɥ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɤɚɤ
ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜɵɣ ɦɚɝɦɚɬɢɡɦ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɧɨ-ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɪɟɛɬɨɜ,ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɥɢɬɧɵɣɦɚɝɦɚɬɢɡɦ.ɉɪɨɫɥɟɠɟɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɢɡɥɢɹɧɢɹɦɢ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ ɜ ɘɠɧɨɦ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɛɢɨɬɵ
260 ɦɥɧ.ɥ.ɧ., ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɢɡɜɟɪɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɩɩɨɜ ɢ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɹ.Ɍɪɚɩɩɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ
141
ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟ,ɡɨɧɚ ɦɚɝɦɚɬɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɧɟ Ʉɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ.
Ɉɝɪɨɦɧɵɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɬɭɮɚɦɢ – ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ
ɷɤɫɩɥɨɡɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɟɪɠɟɧɢɣ.Ɍɪɚɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɹ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 2 ɦɥɧ.
ɤɜ.ɤɦ,ɚ ɟɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 7 ɦɥɧ.ɤɜ.ɤɦ,ɨɛɴɟɦ ɥɚɜ
–ɜ 1-4 106ɤɦ3.ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣ ɬɪɚɩɩɨɜɵɣ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɡɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɫɹ 251.7 ± 0.4 ɦɥɧ.ɥ.
ɧ.ɢ ɨɫɥɚɛɟɥ 251.1 ± 0.3 ɦɥɧ.ɥ.ɧ.ɋɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɟɪɠɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɊɌȼ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ,ɱɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ
ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɩɟɪɦɢ.ɉɪɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɦ ɢɡɜɟɪɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɨɤɨɥɨ 0.6 ɦɥɧ.ɥ.) ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ CO2,
SO2,ɮɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɯɥɨɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ.
ɂɡɜɟɪɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɢ «ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɢɦɭ»ɫ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ,ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɝɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɠɞɟɣ,ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ.ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨ «ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɟɬɨ», ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ.
Ɋɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɜ ɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɯ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɋH4ɢɋO2,ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɝɭɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ.
Ȼɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɵ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ:ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɩɜɟɥɥɢɧɝɨɜ,ɫɬɚɝɧɚɰɢɸ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ,ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɏɨɬɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɥɢ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ,
ɨɧɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ.
Ɋɢɫ.1. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɚɬɟɪɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɊɌȼ ɢ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ
ɬɪɚɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɢ (ɋɌɉ).
Ʉɪɚɬɟɪɵ: 1 – Ȼɟɞɭ, 2 – Ⱥɪɚɝɭɚɣɧɚ, 3 –Ⱥɪɝɚɧɚɬɵ, 4 – ɍɢɥɤɫ, 5 – Ɏɨɥɶɤɥɟɧɞɫɤɢɣ, 6 -
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ Ʉɭɨɧɚɦɤɢ, 7 – Ƚɭɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ, 8 – ȿɫɫɟɣ, 9 – Ⱥɥɶɩɢɣɫɤɢɣ, 10 - SAR 28.
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɪɚɬɟɪɨɜ (ɤɦ): I - > 100, II – 100 – 10, III - < 10. ɑɟɪɧɵɟ ɤɪɭɠɤɢ –
142
ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɬɟɪɵ,ɩɨɥɵɟ ɤɪɭɠɤɢ – ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɬɟɪɵ.
.Ɍɪɢɝɝɟɪɨɦ ɪɟɡɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ,ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ,
ɭɞɚɪɵ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɚɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɟɬ.Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ,ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɦɩɚɤɬ-
ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ,ɛɵɥ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɦɨ-ɬɪɢɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɯ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɬɟɪɵ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ.Ɍɚɤ,ɧɚ
ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɟ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɢ,ɜ 25 ɤɦ ɨɬ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ
ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɝɪɟɛɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɦɢ ɢɦɩɚɤɬ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ Ȼɟɞɭ ɫ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɤɪɚɬɟɪɚ 180-200 ɤɦ. Ar/Ar ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ 250.1 ± 4.5 ɢ 253 ±5 ɦɥɧ.ɥ.
ȼ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ ɤɪɚɬɟɪ Ⱥɪɚɝɭɚɣɧɚ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 40 ɤɦ.ɉɚɞɟɧɢɟ
ɚɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɚ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 2-3 ɤɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ 250 ɦɥɧ.ɥ.ɧ.Ʉ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɤɪɚɬɟɪ Ⱥɪɝɚɧɚɬɵ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 315 ɤɦ ɢ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ 250 ɦɥɧ.ɥ.Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɟɳɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɚɫɬɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ.
ȼ Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɟ ɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ Ɍɪɚɧɫɚɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɝɨɪɚɯ ɜɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ
ɩɟɪɦɨ-ɬɪɢɚɫɨɜɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɯɨɧɞɪɢɬɨɜɵɯ
ɦɟɬɟɨɪɢɬɨɜ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ,ɭɞɚɪɧɵɦ
ɤɜɚɪɰɟɦ,ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɡɟɪɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɡɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɮɭɥɥɟɪɟɧɚɦɢ ɫ
ɡɚɯɜɚɱɟɧɧɵɦ 3He. ɇɚɯɨɞɤɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɢɦɩɚɤɬ-ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ.ɂɦ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɢɦɩɚɤɬ-ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɜ
Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɟ,ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɟ ɍɢɥɤɫɚ.ɉɨ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ
500-ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɬɟɪ ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ 250 ɦɥɧ.ɥ.ɧ.,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɥɟɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɳɢɬɨɦ.ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ,ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɞɚɪɚ 55-ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɚ.ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ,ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧɨ,ɧɚɪɹɞɭ
ɫ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɢɦɩɚɤɬ-ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟɦ Ȼɟɞɭ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ,ɛɵɥɨ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ ɩɟɪɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɢɚɫɚ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɞɚɪɨɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɚɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɭɡɤɨɝɨ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɝɭɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ
ɦɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ.ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ,ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɟ ɞɨɠɞɢ ɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɵ.Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɤɨɜ ɩɵɥɢ,ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ,
ɜɵɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɤɪɚɬɟɪɚ,ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ,ɫɧɢɠɚɥɨ
ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɥɨ ɜɫɸ ɩɢɳɟɜɭɸ ɰɟɩɶ.ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɥ
ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦɢ.ɉɪɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɚɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɚ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ
ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ.ɍɞɚɪ ɚɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɚ ɩɨ
ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɦ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ CaCO3ɢ CaSO4, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ CO2ɢ ɫɟɪɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɟɣ.ɗɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɦɨ-ɬɪɢɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫ
ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɢɡɜɟɪɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ,ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣ,ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ,ɱɬɨ
ɢɦɩɚɤɬ-ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ «ɞɨɛɢɥɢ»ɭɠɟ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɢɨɬɭ.Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ,ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
143
ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ,ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ.ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ
ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ Ƚɚɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɦ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɟɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ,ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɋɨɥɧɰɚ ɩɨ ɨɪɛɢɬɟ,ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɋɨɥɧɰɟɦ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ
Ƚɚɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ,ɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɝɚɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪ.
At the end of the Permian, at the Paleozoic–Mesozoic boundary (251.0 ± 0.4
Ma ago) there was the largest in the Earth history mass extinction of organisms.
About 96% of oceanic species became extinct. As the reasons of biota extinction
many factors are proposed. Volcanism and bolide impact events are the main
ones. The synchronous variation in many factors responsible for biodiversity,
including those without casual relations, proves the existence of a common
extraterrestrial cause.