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Two major anthraquinone chemosyndromes in Teloschistaceae
... Secondary metabolites were identified using HPLC. The relative composition of the secondary compounds was calculated based on absorbance at 270 nm (Søchting 1997). All yellow, orange or reddish parts are K+ purple. ...
... 1. Dominant parietin and very minor proportions of the oxidation products teloschistin, fallacinal, parietinic acid and emodin -Type A of Søchting (1997). Found in M. magnetensis (fide protologue), M. occidentalis, M. tasmanica, T. ramulicola and T. subpyracea. ...
... Specimen studied (see also Søchting &Arup 2018 andSøchting et al. 2023 Chemistry. 5-chloroemodin in isotype (LD). ...
The genus Marchantiana has been a victim of changeable concepts, partly due to erroneous DNA sequences published with its description. Based on new molecular sequencing, new chemical analyses and additional field work, mainly in Patagonia, Tasmania and New Zealand, we present a new taxonomic classification for the genus and related species. M. michelagoensis is confirmed to belong to Marchantiana, and the genus Streimanniella, for which this species was the generic type, is synonymized with Marchantiana. We combine Caloplaca haematommona, C. magnetensis, C. tomnashii and C. phaeocincta into Marchantiana as M. haematommona, M. magnetensis, M. tomnashii and M. phaeocincta, respectively. A new genus Taedigera is described to cater for three previous Marchantiana species and one Caloplaca species, with the new names T. pyramus, T. ramulicola, T. subpyracea and T. epibrya, respectively. Two species, T. flammea and T. gallowayi, both twig epiphytes from New Zealand, and one species, M. tasmanica, from Tasmania, are described as new to science based on molecular and secondary chemical characters. Marchantiana burneyensis, M. kalbiorum and M. seppeltii are excluded from the genus Marchantiana based on newly generated sequences of type material. A key is provided to the species groups in Patagonia, Tasmania and New Zealand.
... Secondary metabolites were identified using HPLC according to Søchting (1997); thallus and apothecia were analyzed separately. The relative composition of the sec ondary compounds was calculated based on absorbance at 270 nm according to Søchting (1997). ...
... Secondary metabolites were identified using HPLC according to Søchting (1997); thallus and apothecia were analyzed separately. The relative composition of the sec ondary compounds was calculated based on absorbance at 270 nm according to Søchting (1997). ...
... All species of Gondwania and the related Transdrakea (see below) have chemosyndrome A of Søchting (1997) with the following approximate anthraquinone propor tions: 1% teloschistin, 2-3% fallacinal, 1-2% parietinic acid, 1-2% emodin, 92-95% parietin. All yellow, orange or reddish-pigmented parts are K+ purple. ...
Within the lichen family Teloschistaceae, a high number of genera are restricted to the extreme southern part of the Southern Hemisphere. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the southern genus Gondwania have been analyzed based upon fieldwork in Antarctica, Patagonia, New Zealand and Tasmania and subsequent studies including molecular methods. Five species are accepted in the genus Gondwanea including G. inclinans and G. joannae that are combined into the genus. Two species are included in the neighboring new genus Transdrakea, T. alacalufes, a saxicolous species from Patagonia, which is described as new to science and T. schofieldii. Based on molecular data, Austroplaca imperialis is described as a new species to accommodate Patagonian specimens previously named G. regalis. Even though morphologically very similar, the two species are distinct based on molecular and chemical characters and distribution. Gondwania and Transdrakea are chemically homogenous with parietin as the very dominant compound; Transdrakea has a very reduced thallus, whereas Gondwania includes species with crustose thalli, as well as species with fruticulose growth habits. G. inclinans and G. cribrosa are only known from Australia/New Zealand. G. regalis, G. joannae and T. schofieldii are only known from Antarctica. G. sublobulata is confirmed from Patagonia and the Falkland Islands, but Antarctic specimens previously named G. sublobulata belong to G. joannae. G. sejongensis is shown to be a synonym to G. joannae. A key to Gondwania and Transdrakea species is presented.
... It is characterized by a crustose, but usually poorly developed grey thallus and lecanorine, zeorine or sometimes biatorine yellow to orange apothecia that in several species lack anthraquinones completely or produce low amounts of the yellow-orange pigments. The anthraquinones present belong to the chemosyndrome A (Søchting 1997). The spores are polardiblastic with medium to long septum. ...
... Secondary metabolites were identified and quantified using HPLC according to Søchting (1997). The relative composition of the secondary compounds was calculated based on absorbance at 270 nm according to Søchting (1997). ...
... Secondary metabolites were identified and quantified using HPLC according to Søchting (1997). The relative composition of the secondary compounds was calculated based on absorbance at 270 nm according to Søchting (1997). All yellow, orange or reddish-pigmented parts are K+ purple. ...
The genus Parvoplaca is extended with four new species: P. candanii from Antarctica, P. lamprocarpa from Alaska, and P. macroborealis and P. tenebrosa from Oregon. Collections identified as P. tiroliensis are shown to form two independent clades when DNA was analyzed, but it is currently not clear which clade represents the species in a strict sense. Parvoplaca athallina has been considered an Antarctic species, but according to our analyses, the species is shown to be bipolar occurring also in northern Europe, Greenland, Alaska and in California.
... Secondary metabolites were identified using HPLC according to Søchting (1997). Thallus and apothecia were analyzed separately, but fragments of apothecium initials could not be avoided completely in the thallus sample. ...
... Thallus and apothecia were analyzed separately, but fragments of apothecium initials could not be avoided completely in the thallus sample. The relative composition of the secondary compounds was calculated based on absorbance at 270 nm, according to Søchting (1997). ...
Gyalolechia fruticum , a new epiphytic species with a Mediterranean-Macaronesian distribution, is described. It differs in molecular data and in ecology from two closely related calcicolous species, G. luteococcinea and G. marmorata , both formerly called Caloplaca subochracea auct. The new species grows on coastal shrubs (rarely on wood), accompanied by species-rich communities of maritime epiphytic lichens. The typical habitat is undisturbed sand dunes, under dry conditions with frequent spells of humid air from the sea. The species is so far known from Greece, Italy, Tunisia, the Canary Islands and probably mainland Spain. We consider this conspicuous lichen an umbrella species of endangered and declining epiphytic communities of ancient shrub vegetation on well-developed sand dunes along Mediterranean coasts affected by touristic overexploitation.
... SECONDARY CHEMISTRY. -Secondary metabolites were identified using HPLC according to Søchting (1997). The relative composition of the secondary compounds was calculated based on absorbance at 270 nm according to Søchting (1997). ...
... -Secondary metabolites were identified using HPLC according to Søchting (1997). The relative composition of the secondary compounds was calculated based on absorbance at 270 nm according to Søchting (1997). All yellow, orange or reddish-pigmented parts of the lichens are K+ purple, indicating anthraquinones. ...
The name Huea, used for a lichen genus which hosts the two common Antarctic species H. cerussata and H. grisea (= H. coralligera), was formally recommended for rejection by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi. Based on molecular data, we transfer these two species to the genus Hueidea. Hueidea was originally described in the family Fuscideaceae for the single alpine Australian endemic species Hueidea australiensis. However, our molecular data show it belongs to the Teloschistaceae and we here transfer it to that family. Two additional species, Huea sorediata and Caloplaca coeruleofrigida from Antarctica are also transferred to Hueidea and a new species, H. austroaquatica, is described from the Kerguelen Islands. The acetone-insoluble pigment, which occurs at different concentrations in the apothecia of all Hueidea species, is shown to be cinereorufa-green. Hueidea coeruleofrigida is the only species in the genus known to produce anthraquinones in the apothecia.
... 4-5 μm. Wtórne metabolity: brak antrachinonów w plesze, obecność pigmentu Sedifoliagrey w warstiwe korowej i sorediach, parietyna jako główny antrachinon w owocnikach (chemosyndrom A) (Frolov et al., 2021;Søchting, 1997;Vondrák & Hrouzek, 2006). ...
W publikacji przedstawiono nowe stanowiska 40 gatunków porostów oraz 12 grzybów naporostowych (oznaczonych gwiazdką), które są zagrożone w Polsce lub rzadkie w kraju lub regionie. Ponadto, w pracy zamieszczono nowe notowanie niezlichenizowanego grzyba Naevia punctiformis (Ach.) A. Massal. (oznaczony plusem), który ze względu na podobieństwo do zlichenizowanych przedstawicieli rodzaju Arthonia Ach. s.l., jest często uwzględniany w publikacjach lichenologicznych. Poza wykazem stanowisk, przy każdym z gatunków zamieszczono dane na temat ich cech diagnostycznych oraz rozmieszczenia w Polsce. W zamieszczonych wykazach stanowisk, obok współrzędnych geograficznych, podano kwadraty siatki ATPOL, zmodyfikowanej na potrzeby Atlasu rozmieszczenia geograficznego porostów w Polsce (Wydawnictwo Instytutu Botaniki im. W. Szafera PAN, 1993) przez S. Cieślińskiego i W. Fałtynowicza.
... µm thick, ¼ the length of spore. Chemistry: Based on HPLC analysis S. macquariensis has dominance of parietin, corresponding to chemosyndrome A of Søchting (1997). ...
A new combination for Caloplaca macquariensis C.W. Dodge is made in Sirenophila Søchting, Arup & Frödén, S. macquariensis (C.W. Dodge) Søchting & de Lange. In the process we reduce the Aotearoa / New Zealand Caloplaca maculata D.J. Galloway into synonymy within the new combination, noting the lack of morphological distinctions between that species and S. macquariensis. Very little is known about S. macquariensis, which is known only from the type collected from Macquarie Island; however, we offer an update on the species ecology based on collections and observations of the species on the Chatham Islands – the eastern most extension of the Aotearoa / New Zealand archipelago.
... Our knowledge of these anthraquinones is increasing (Elix et al. 2000;Søchting et al. 2014). Depending on the combination of the biosynthetically related anthraquinones and their proportions, several chemosyndromes have been distinguished (Søchting 1997(Søchting , 2001. Chemosyndrome is a fairly constant and specific character, and most species have only one syndrome. ...
The production of anthraquinones is a major characteristic of most species in the Teloschistaceae . Other secondary metabolites are quite rare in this family, but some species are known to produce depsides, depsidones, xanthones and usnic acid. A new monotypic genus, Neoplaca , with a new species N. mirabilis, is described from the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae , lacking anthraquinones but containing the naphthopyrans simonyellin and consimonyellin. This is the first time this class of organic compounds has been found in the family Teloschistaceae and the second in the order Teloschistales , where simonyellin has been detected in Brigantiaeaceae . Simonyellin and consimonyellin have also previously been reported in the family Roccellaceae . Neoplaca mirabilis is currently known from the two nearby localities in Yakutia, Russia, where it is common and grows on base-rich soil on exposed south-facing siliceous outcrops. The thallus consists of scattered whitish to greyish, or rarely with pale yellow tinge, squamules 1–4.5 mm diam. and 0.3–1 mm thick with citrine to orange-yellow blastidia produced from their margin; apothecia and pycnidia are unknown. In addition to naphthopyrans, N. mirabilis contains an unidentified brown pigment similar in some features to melanin. The new species is also interesting in that the pigments are apparently located inside the cells of the cortex, not on their surface, where anthraquinones are found in Teloschistaceae .
... Secondary metabolites of the fresh material collected in southern France were analysed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), following the standard procedure outlined in Søchting (1997). Thallus and apothecia were analysed separately. ...
This paper clarifies the taxonomy and nomenclature of a characteristic calcicolous lichen, former- ly called Caloplaca subochracea auct., which is widespread in coastal areas of the Mediterranean region. In spite of being easily recognizable, this lichen was often misunderstood, and has a very complicated nomenclatural history. The analysis of the type material of Callopisma marmoratum Bagl., described from Sardinia in 1879, revealed that it is identical to Caloplaca subochracea auct., and has nothing to do with the lichen currently called Xanthocarpia marmorata (Bagl.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting. The results of molecular analysis showed that Caloplaca subochracea auct. belongs to Gyalolechia, and that two closely related species can be recognized; formerly these were treated as varieties with differently pigmented thalli, and are recombined here as Gyalolechia marmorata (Bagl.) Nimis & Arup, and G. luteococcinea (Clauzade & Cl. Roux) Cl. Roux, M. Bertrand & Arup. Finally, the name Xanthocarpia fulva (Harm.) Nav.-Ros. & Cl. Roux, is introduced to replace Xanthocarpia marmorata.
Key words: biodiversity, Gyalolechia, PCR, Xanthocarpia.
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Cet article clarifie la taxonomie et la nomenclature d'un lichen saxicole-calcicole caractéristique, anciennement nommé Caloplaca subochracea auct., qui est répandu dans les zones littorales et proxilittorales de la région méditerranéenne. Bien qu’il soit facilement reconnaissable, ce lichen a souvent été mal compris et a une histoire nomenclaturale très compliquée. L'étude du matériel type de Callopisma marmoratum Bagl., décrit en 1879 par des spécimens de Sardaigne , a révélé qu'il est identique à Caloplaca subochracea auct., et n'a rien à voir avec le lichen actuellement appelé Xanthocarpia marmorata (Bagl.) Frödén, Arup et Søchting. Les résultats de l'analyse moléculaire (A.D.N.) ont montré que Caloplaca subochracea auct. appartient au genre Gyalolechia, et que deux espèces étroitement apparentées peuvent y être reconnues ; celles-ci étaient autrefois traitées comme des variétés avec des thalles de couleur différente et sont recombinées ici comme Gyalolechia marmorata (Bagl.) Nimis et Arup, et G. luteococcinea (Clauzade et Cl. Roux) Cl. Roux, M. Bertrand et Arup. Enfin, le nom Xanthocarpia fulva (Harm.) Nav.-Ros. et Cl. Roux est introduit pour remplacer Xanthocarpia marmorata.
Mots clés : biodiversité, Gyalolechia, A.P.C. (ampification en chaîne par polymérase), Xanthocarpia.
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Klarigo de la taksonomio kaj nomenclaturo de karakteriza likeno petroloĝa kalkeja, pasintece nomata Caloplaca subochracea auct., disvastiĝinta en la litoralaj kaj proksimlitoralaj partoj de la Mediteranea Regiono. Kvankam facile rekonebla, ĉi tiu likeno estis ofte miskomprenata kaj ĝia nomenklatura historio estas tre komplika. La studo de la tipmaterialo de Callopisma marmoratum Bagl., priskribita en 1879 per specimenoj el Sardaigne, evidentigis, ke ĝi identas al Caloplaca subochracea auct. kaj estas ege diferenca disde la likeno nun nomata Xanthocarpia marmorata (Bagl.) Frödén, Arup k Søchting. La rezultoj de la molekulara analizo (D.N.A.) evidentigis, ke Caloplaca subochracea auct. apartenas al la genro Gyalolechia kaj ke du specioj tre interafinaj rekoneblas en ĝi ; ĉi tiuj estis iam traktitaj kiel varioj kun taloj malsimile koloraj kaj estas ĉi-laboraĵe rekombinitaj kiel Gyalolechia marmorata (Bagl.) Nimis k Arup kaj G. luteococcinea (Clauzade k Cl. Roux) Cl. Roux, M. Bertrand k Arup. Fine, ni enkondukas la nomon Xanthocarpia fulva (Harm.) Nav.-Ros. k Cl. Roux por anstataŭigi Xanthocarpia marmorata-n.
Ŝlosilvortoj : biodiverseco, Gyalolechia, PĈR (polimeraza ĉena reakcio), Xanthocarpia.
Three twig-growing lichen species belonging to the family Teloschistaceae from southern Patagonia are described as new to science: Marchantiana pyramus sp. nov., with minute apothecia, orange due to dominant content of emodin, M. ramulicola sp. nov., with minute olive apothecia with dominant parietin and Austroplaca thisbe sp. nov., with clear yellow apothecia also with dominant parietin. Marchantiana subpyracea , M. epibrya and M. queenslandica are new combinations for species which, so far, are known only from New Zealand and Australia. Blastenia circumpolaris is shown to be very common in Patagonia and Marchantiana asserigena is documented for the first time from the Southern Hemisphere, viz. the Falkland Islands. The genus Marchantiana is analyzed here using three genes and is shown to be closely related to Yoshimuria ; although appearing as paraphyletic, a monophyletic origin cannot be ruled out. Morphology, ecology and distribution support a monophyletic treatment and Marchantiana is therefore treated as such.
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