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Dikorastushchie pishchevye vidy roda Allium L. Zapadnogo Tyan-Shanya
... These are smaller plants having a strong sheath leaf bearing a few conspicuous ribs (Fig. 4); they occupy dry stony slopes of the Chatkal mountain range. In Uzbekistan and Tajikistan young bulbs are pickled and used as spicy vegetable (Dadabaeva, 1972, Khassanov andUmarov, 1989) and also in folk medicine against internal and lung diseases, early forms of tuberculosis, and bronchitis (Sakhobiddinov, 1948, Vvedensky, 1963, Khalmatov, 1964, Sokolov, 1994. In the Darvaz mountain range of Tajikistan, decoctions of flowers and seeds are applied against headache and cold . ...
... In North Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and probably other parts of Central Asia the plants are used against light diseases, pneumonia and lung problems (Sakhobiddinov, 1948, Sokolov, 1994, Khalmatov, 1964. Application promotes quick healing of wounds (Dadabaeva, 1972) but was not specified by other authors like Khassanov and Umarov (1989). ...
Many members of Allium subg. Melanocrommyum are cultivated as orna-mentals in European and North American gardens. Most of these species occur naturally in Southwest and Central Asia where they are collected in nature and used as vegetable, spice, and medicinal plants by the local people. Eighteen species reportedly used as medicinal plants were morphologically and taxonomically characterized. Most of these species were chemically analyzed and also screened for radical scavenger activity. Our data verified relatively large amounts of cysteine sulphoxides (the main, medicinally-active sulphur compounds of garlic and common onion) to be present in ten species. However, some highly valued species also showing a very high radical scavenger activity contained only traces of cysteine sulphoxides; these species contained significant amounts of the newly detected sulphur pyrrole. This latter compound was apparently responsible for the high radical scavenger activity. Unexpectedly, three species showed high scavenger activity but did not contain remarkable amounts of either cysteine sulphox-ides or sulphur pyrroles. These data underlined that another bioactive principle might be present, and more species of subg. Melanocrommyum than hitherto used may represent valuable medicinal plants.
... Another example for confusing reports in literature is related to A. stipitatum. Information about the use of this species is in accordance for both countries that only young bulbs were pickled and highly esteemed as spicy vegetable [6,10]. A medicinal use was not reported yet but could not be surely excluded. ...
... They are traditionally collected and used as spice like common onion, but only A. oschaninii and A. pskemense are also medicinally applied. Thus, we can confirm reports about the use of A. oschaninii in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan [4,6,8,10]. We can also verify that A. pskemense is sometimes grown in home gardens in Uzbekistan (Fig. 4) for usage like common onion and as medicinal plant. ...
Hitherto available sources from literature mentioned several wild growing Allium species as "edible" or "medicinally used" but without any further specification.
New data were gained during recent research missions: Allium plants were collected and shown to the local population which was asked for names and usage of these plants.
Information was collected about current medical applications of sixteen wild species, nine of which belong to different sections of Allium subgenus Melanocrommyum. These plants are used against headache, cold, and stomach problems, and are mostly applied fresh or after boiling.
Close taxonomic relatives of the common onion were used similar to cultivated onion species, but medical use like garlic was mostly reported for species taxonomically not related to garlic.
... Allium rosenbachianum: Local people use fresh leaves as well as dried leaves depending on the season in Tajik national dishes such as oshi burida, ugro, umoch, otalla, birinjoba, and hirik (Saidov 2001;Boboev et al. 2015). Allium stipitatum: Young and undeveloped bulbs are pickled in aromatic vinegar (Tajik 'pijozi anzur," Uzbek "anzur pijoz," Persian "mu-sir," Dari "toshi") and used as appetizer and with meals (Kochkareva and Chukavina 1985;Khassanov and Umarov 1989;Saidov 2001;Keusgen et al. 2006;Boboev et al. 2012Boboev et al. , 2013Boboev et al. , 2015. ...
Allium giganteumRegel: Allium macleanii Baker; Allium procerum Trautv. ex Regel
... Allium rosenbachianum: Local people use fresh leaves as well as dried leaves depending on the season in Tajik national dishes such as oshi burida, ugro, umoch, otalla, birinjoba, and hirik (Saidov 2001;Boboev et al. 2015). Allium stipitatum: Young and undeveloped bulbs are pickled in aromatic vinegar (Tajik 'pijozi anzur," Uzbek "anzur pijoz," Persian "mu-sir," Dari "toshi") and used as appetizer and with meals (Kochkareva and Chukavina 1985;Khassanov and Umarov 1989;Saidov 2001;Keusgen et al. 2006;Boboev et al. 2012Boboev et al. , 2013Boboev et al. , 2015. ...
... For example, the only person from Sidzhak village, who gave us full and very original information about use of alliums, died in the next year after our interview. Our results confirmed the information about use of several species obtained by Umarov and Khassanov 15 years ago [1]. ...
Ethnobotanical information about used Allium in Uzbekistan is given
... In Central Asia, the diversity of Allium species is much larger than in Europe. Many taxa are exploited as food, spices and medicine in this region, although published data are rather scarce (Kochkareva and Chukavina, 1985;Khassanov and Umarov, 1989;Hanelt, 1994;Navruzshoev, 1994). There are clear indications that some species, which are collected in small amounts for the preparation of traditional foods, are spice plants like common onion and garlic. ...
Methiin was present in all investigated samples. In the genus Allium, methiin-dominated species (rarely used by man) were common, but the occurrence of the other cysteine sulphoxides was variable and was largely correlated with use as spices or vegetables. Two major chemical types (named according to the species where they occur) could be distinguished, and at least two more may be recognized. Isoalliin dominates in the widely used "onion-type", which includes chive (A. schoenoprasum) and top onion (A.xproliferum). Pearl onion and leek (A. ampeloprasum) have higher relative amounts of methiin and propiin, respectively. Alliin dominates in the widely used "garlic-type", which includes wild leek (A. obliquum) and sand leek (A. scorodoprasum). Alliin and isoalliin rarely co-dominate, being only found in the cultivated Chinese leek (A. tuberosum). A triple mix of almost equal amounts of methiin, alliin and isoalliin is present in ramson (A. ursinum). General trends in the three evolutionary lines of the genus Allium were apparent. In the first lineage, high amounts of methiin were more frequent, and propiin, although being a minor component in all three evolutionary lines, was present in the highest amounts. Most of the species in the second line showed only traces of cysteine sulphoxides. In the third line, the "onion-type" dominates, the "garlic type" is characteristic for subgenus Allium, and co-dominating alliin and isoalliin also occur. Generally, the total cysteine sulphoxide amount increased, and the complexity of cysteine sulphoxide patterns decreased in the transition from the first to the third evolutionary line.
The review (240 pages A4) contains a taxonomic treatment of subg. Melanocrommyum (75 species and subspecies, 10 of them are newly described here, plus seven more taxa too incompletely known to judge about their taxonomic state yet) affiliated to 10 sections. Included is also subg. Porphyroprason (1 species, 2 synonyms). The publication starts with a Foreword, a General Introduction into the biological features of subg. Melanocrommyum, and an illustrated key (in color) for determination simultaneously in English and Farsi on opposite pages. In the Taxonomy chapter, the complete synonymy (according to the current rules of botanical nomenclature) with data of types and paratypes, the known distribution, a detailed morphological description, a plate composed of several color photographs, karyological data available from the literature and own observations, a list of herbarium vouchers seen, the offspring of the living material studied, taxonomic remarks (including a detailed discussion of molecular results), biological data, and economic traits are presented for every species and subspecies as far as data were available or were published in the literature. A comprehensive List of References and an Index of Scientific and Folk's names plus more general terms complete the volume. The back cover presents Title and Table of Contents also in Farsi. and
A low-resolution electronic version can be downloaded from http://www.ipk-gatersleben.de/gbisipk-gaterslebendegbis-i/spezialsammlungen/allium-review/
FRITSCH R. M. 2012. Illustrated key to the sections and subsections and brief general circumscription of Allium subg. Melanocrommyum. - Phyton (Horn, Austria) 52 (1): 1-37, with 63 figures. Nomenclature, taxonomic history, and a concise description of main morphological and other traits of Allium subg. Melanocrommyum (comprising 169 species and subspecies) are presented. The illustrated key for the sections and subsections is accompanied by an actualized brief version of the conspectus published in 2010.
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