Efficient Sensor Network for Vehicle Security

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International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 4 volume 2, March-April 2014
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954
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Efficient Sensor Network for Vehicle Security
Christo Ananth#1, I.Uma Sankari#2, A.Vidhya#3, M.Vickneshwari#4, P.Karthiga#5
#1 Assistant Professor/ECE, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli
#2 U.G.Scholar /ECE, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli
#3 U.G.Scholar /ECE, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli
#4 U.G.Scholar /ECE, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli
#5 U.G.Scholar /ECE, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli
ABSTRACT
Today vehicle theft rate is very high, greater challenges are coming from thieves
thus tracking/ alarming systems are being deployed with an increasingly popularity .As per as
security is concerned today most of the vehicles are running on the LPG so it is necessary to
monitor any leakage or level of LPG in order to provide safety to passenger. Also in this fast
running world everybody is in hurry so it is required to provide fully automated maintenance
system to make the journey of the passenger safe, comfortable and economical. To make the
system more intelligent and advanced it is required to introduce some important developments
that can help to promote not only the luxurious but also safety drive to the owner. The
proposed system “Efficient Sensor Network for Vehicle Security”, introduces a new trend in
automobile industry.
Key words: Speed control Module, LCD, Gas Leakage Detection Module, GSM Module,
High way module
Corresponding Author: Christo Ananth
INTRODUCTION
Today, vehicles have been an essential part of our daily life. Hence the security and
maintenance of the vehicle is much necessary. As per as the security is concerned , most of the
vehicles are now a day’s running on the LPG so it is always needed to monitoring gas level as
well as any kind of leakage into the vehicle. As per as maintenance is concern it is necessary to
maintain the engine temperature of the vehicle, speed of the vehicle. So, the proposed system is
designed to overcome such difficulties in order to provide fully automated maintenance system
to make the journey of the passenger safe, comfortable and economical.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The transmitter section as shown in Fig.1 is driven by a 9V DC battery. It consists of a HT12E
encoder IC, an on-off switch, three zone selection switches and a transmit enable(TE) switch.
The values of the selected zone (011 – U-turn zone, 101 – School zone, 110 – Highway
zone) are given as a parallel input to the encoder IC. The encoder encodes the parallel data into
a serial bit stream. It is then amplified by the antenna driver. The whip antenna transmits the
radio frequency (RF) signals at a frequency of 433.92MHz.

International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 4 volume 2, March-April 2014
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954
R S. Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 872
The receiver section (as shown in Fig.2.) consists of radio frequency receiver that
receives the transmitted signals, amplifies it and provides the same to HT12D decoder IC. The
decoder performs the inverse operation of the encoder, i.e., converting the serial bit stream
back to the parallel form.
The heart of this section is the PIC 16F877A micro-controller. It hosts major modules
namely, RF transmission/reception, Speed control section and Gas Leakage Detection system
Antenna
Fig 1: Transmitter Section of the Proposed System
PIC 16F877A Microcontroller used contains device-specific information. There are four
devices (PIC16F873, PIC16F874, PIC16F876 and PIC16F877) covered by the data sheet. The
PIC16F876/873 devices come in 28-pin packages and the PIC16F877/874 devices come in 40-
pin packages. The 28-pin devices do not have a Parallel Slave Port implemented. There are three
memory blocks in each of these PICmicro MCUs. The Program Memory and Data Memory have
separate buses so that concurrent access can occur. The PIC16F87X devices have a 13-bit
program counter capable of addressing an 8K x 14 program memory space. The PIC16F877/876
devices have 8K x 14 words of FLASH program memory and the PIC16F873/874 devices have
4K x 14. Accessing a location above the physically implemented address will cause a
wraparound. The reset vector is at 0000h and the interrupt vector is at 0004h.
Battery Power
(+9V)
HT12E Encoder
RF Module
Transmitter
(433.92 MHz)
U-turn zone
Speed limit
20 Kmph
School zone
Speed limit
30 Kmph
Highway zone
Speed limit
40 Kmph

International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 4 volume 2, March-April 2014
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954
R S. Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 873
Antenna
Fig 2: Receiver Section of the Proposed System
PIC MICROCONTROLLER
The Special Function Registers are registers used by the CPU and peripheral modules for
controlling the desired operation of the device. These registers are implemented as static RAM.
A list of these registers is given in Table
The Special Function Registers can be classified into two sets; core (CPU) and peripheral.
The STATUS register contains the arithmetic status of the ALU, the RESET status and the bank
select bits for data memory. The STATUS register can be the destination for any instruction, as
with any other register. If the STATUS register is the destination for an instruction that affects
the Z, DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is disabled. These bits are set or cleared
according to the device logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not writable, therefore, the
result of an instruction with the STATUS register as destination may be different than intended.
For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper-three bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the
STATUS register as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged). It is recommended, therefore, that only
BCF, BSF, SWAPF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the STATUS register, because
these instructions do not affect the Z, C or DC bits from the STATUS register.
RF receiver
Speed control
section (PWM)
Engine cooling
fan
Power supply unit
PIC 16F877A
LPG gas
sensor
GSM module for
sending SMS
Buzzer unit

International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 4 volume 2, March-April 2014
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954
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The PIC16CXX family has an 8-level deep x 13-bit wide hardware stack. The stack space is
not part of either program or data space and the stack pointer is not readable or writable. The PC
is PUSHed onto the stack when a CALL instruction is executed or an interrupt causes a branch.
The stack is POPed in the event of a RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE instruction execution.
PCLATH is not affected by a PUSH or POP operation. The stack operates as a circular buffer.
This means that after the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the ninth push overwrites the value
that was stored from the first push.
MODULES OF PROPOSED METHOD
SPEED CONTROL MODULE
Now a day’s speed controlling is a serious issue, because number of accidents is due to
speed of the car. So it is necessary to have a control on speed also due to advent of high speed
cars & overcrowded roads safety has become the prime concern for the car manufacturers. So in
the proposed system we control the speed of car. Further improvement in this is to lock the speed
of the vehicle so that it does not exceed the speed whatever we set. Hence this system senses the
speed of vehicle and controls it by locking to particular value.
In this module, the speed control is explained by the prototype, which employs the
controlling of speed of rotor of a dc motor using the pulse width modulation (PWM) technique.
The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a
switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on, there is almost no voltage drop
across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases
close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature,
can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems
where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
LCDs are more energy efficient and offer safer disposal than CRTs. Its low electrical
power consumption enables it to be used in battery-powered electronic equipment. It is an
electronically modulated optical device made up of any number of segments filled with liquid
crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to produce images in color
or monochrome. The most flexible ones use an array of small pixels.
Fig 3: LCD displaying various zones of Speed Limit
GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION MODULE
Now a days the modern vehicles run by liquid petroleum gas (LPG) for less fuel
consumption and economy. One risk about the LPG is the unexpected leakage. This leakage may

International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 4 volume 2, March-April 2014
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954
R S. Publication, rspublicationhouse@gmail.com Page 875
cause firing or even explosion of the vehicle, leading to heavy injury or even death. Thus the
proposed system provides a MQ6 gas leakage sensor and a buzzer. The gas leakage sensor
detects the gas leakage within the vehicle and triggers the buzzer on detection. The buzzer alerts
the person about the gas leakage to take the necessary steps.
Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases and oxygen
depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in a variety of
locations such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacture processes and emerging technologies such
as photovoltaic. They may also be used in firefighting. Gas detectors are usually battery
operated. They transmit warnings via a series of audible and visible signals such as alarms and
flashing lights, when dangerous levels of gas vapors are detected. As detectors measure a gas
concentration, the sensor responds to a calibration gas, which serves as the reference point or
scale. As a sensor’s detection exceeds a preset alarm level, the alarm or signal will be activated.
As units, gas detectors are produced as portable or stationary devices. Originally, detectors were
produced to detect a single gas, but modern units may detect several toxic or combustible gases,
or even a combination of both types.
Buzzer is a signaling device, usually electronic, typically used in automobiles, household
appliances such as a microwave oven, or game shows. Initially this device was based on an
electromechanical system which was identical to an electric bell without the metal gong (which
makes the ringing noise).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
SPEED CONTROL SECTION
In this section, the speed of a dc motor is controlled by the microcontroller using
the PWM signal. In the RF transmitter tag, there are three zone selection switches to select a
particular zone. The RF transceiver receives the signal from the RF transmitter tag and sends it to
the microcontroller via 4-bit parallel communication. Microcontroller controls the speed of the
motor and displays the corresponding zone and speed limit using a LCD display. Fig.3. shows
the signal flow between the modules and the selection of highway zone.
Fig 3: Highway zone

International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 4 volume 2, March-April 2014
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954
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GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION SECTION
Fig 4: Gas leakage detection
The gas leakage is sensed by the MQ6 LPG gas sensor and the voltage signal is sent to
the microcontroller. This is shown in Fig.4. The PIC microcontroller triggers the buzzer. The
buzzer is connected to the port C RC0 pin.
CONCLUSION
Today vehicle theft rate is very high, greater challenges are coming from thieves thus
tracking/ alarming systems are being deployed with an increasingly popularity .As per as security
is concerned today most of the vehicles are running on the LPG so it is necessary to monitor any
leakage or level of LPG in order to provide safety to passenger. Also in this fast running world
everybody is in hurry so it is required to provide fully automated maintenance system to make
the journey of the passenger safe, comfortable and economical. To make the system more
intelligent and advanced it is required to introduce some important developments that can help to
promote not only the luxurious but also safety drive to the owner. The proposed system
“Efficient Sensor Network for Vehicle Security”, promises a new trend in automobile industry.
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International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research Issue 4 volume 2, March-April 2014
Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijst/index.html ISSN 2249-9954
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