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Development of a rolling punch planter for stony soil conditions
Abstract
The use of manual planters has been the only solution for farmers' problems in some areas in Southern Brazil where stony soils predominate in steep slopes. Farmers have planted corn and dry beans in these areas since the beginning of this century, using the same kind of equipment. The planters are hand-operated, resulting in limited field capacity and ergonomic problems. A machine using a similar process of dropping the seeds into the holes was designed and constructed. It used 12 spades radially arranged with cam activated doors and a plate seed meter. Preliminary evaluation showed important improvement in the planting operation with reduction in human effort, more accurate stand and high field capacity.
... On other hand, the different positions of seeds on the disk cells cause more intensive skip of the discharged seeds at high forward speeds than the low forward speed. Molin and D'Agostini (1996) and Molin et al., (1998a) reported similar justification for the effect of forward speed on seeded holes index. Chenghua et al., (1999) 97.10 a 93.10 ab 91.10 ab 91.10 ab 89.20 ab 85.1 b * For each parameter, means within each row followed by the same small letters are not significantly different at probability P < 0.05. ...
... The minimum quality of feed index was obtained in wheat residue soil surface condition at forward speed of 7 km/h. Molin et al., (1998a) and Molin and D'Agostini (1996) reported that the forward speed had non-significant effect on the quality feed index. This could be due to the low-value difference in the forward speeds (maximum of 2.5 km/h) considered by them. ...
... It is mentioned that the higher values of precision in spacing index are regarded as an undesirable factor. Molin et al., (1998a) and Molin and D'Agostini (1996) reported similar results. ...
One of the best solutions of controlling soil erosion in conservation tillage is using punch planters which can plant through residue covers and gravelly soils with slope. In the present research, a precision dibble punch planter with pneumatic seed metering device was developed and evaluated. The laboratory and field tests were conducted to find the effects of forward speed and soil surface conditions on multiple index, quality of feed index, miss index, precision in spacing, and percentage of seeded holes. The results showed an increase in forward speed increased the multiple index, miss index and precision but decreased the quality of feed index and percentage of seeded holes. The field test showed that the soil condition had significant effect on multiple index and precision in spacing, but no significant difference was found in other parameters determined. The forward speed of 5.5 km/h had acceptable performance in three soil surface conditions.
... Furrow openers should be selected according to the type of soil and depth of seed placement. Molin and Agostini (1996) [7] and Molin and Dagostine (1996) [8] developed machine for trashy, stony and light to medium soils, shovel type openers are used. The depth of seed placement from 50 to 100 mm is achieved with these openers. ...
... Furrow openers should be selected according to the type of soil and depth of seed placement. Molin and Agostini (1996) [7] and Molin and Dagostine (1996) [8] developed machine for trashy, stony and light to medium soils, shovel type openers are used. The depth of seed placement from 50 to 100 mm is achieved with these openers. ...
A hand operated dibbler was evaluated for its performance without changing the metering mechanism. The performance under study in laboratory tests and field tests were examined. The results revealed that the seed rate required for dibbler was observed to be 73.6 kg ha-1and 46.4 kg ha-1 for groundnut and maize crops (spacing of 2.5 cm×2.5 cm). The missing rate was found to be 6% and 4% for groundnut and maize respectively. An effective field capacity of the dibbler was found to be 0.00646 and 0.00682 ha.h-1 for groundnut and maize crops. The field efficiency was found to be 87.88% and 85.05% with theoretical field capacity for groundnut and maize crops respectively. The average number of seeds per hill for groundnut and maize found to be 1.07 and 1.16 respectively. The number of hills per hour was 953 and 967 for groundnut and maize respectively.
... Furrow openers should be selected according to the type of soil and depth of seed placement. Molin and Agostini (1996) [7] and Molin and Dagostine (1996) [8] developed machine for trashy, stony and light to medium soils, shovel type openers are used. The depth of seed placement from 50 to 100 mm is achieved with these openers. ...
... Furrow openers should be selected according to the type of soil and depth of seed placement. Molin and Agostini (1996) [7] and Molin and Dagostine (1996) [8] developed machine for trashy, stony and light to medium soils, shovel type openers are used. The depth of seed placement from 50 to 100 mm is achieved with these openers. ...
A hand operated dibbler was evaluated for its performance without changing the metering mechanism. The performance under study in laboratory tests and field tests were examined. The results revealed that the seed rate required for dibbler was observed to be 73.6 kg ha-1 and 46.4 kg ha-1 for groundnut and maize crops (spacing of 2.5 cm×2.5 cm). The missing rate was found to be 6% and 4% for groundnut and maize respectively. An effective field capacity of the dibbler was found to be 0.00646 and 0.00682 ha.h-1 for groundnut and maize crops. The field efficiency was found to be 87.88% and 85.05% with theoretical field capacity for groundnut and maize crops respectively. The average number of seeds per hill for groundnut and maize found to be 1.07 and 1.16 respectively. The number of hills per hour was 953 and 967 for groundnut and maize respectively.
... Equipment that considers the needs of family farms must be developed (TEIXEIRA et al., 2009;ROMEIRO FILHO, 2012). Of the few initiatives that have been introduced (AREND et al., 2005;TEIXEIRA et al., 2008;ROMEIRO FILHO, 2012;VIANNA et al., 2014), some were mechanical (FRABETTI et al., 2011) and others were manual (MOLIN & D'AGOSTINI, 1996) punch planters that use human force, require no tillage, and have a systematic design methodology (STEFANELLO et al., 2014). These models include the Phases Model, which employs informational, conceptual, preliminary, and detailed design phases (BACK et al., 2008;ROZENFELD et al., 2006). ...
This study aimed to establish the design specifications of a human-powered punch planter for maize and beans through the application of a systematic design methodology. The most important design requirements and their specifications are related to technical performance and production cost. © 2016, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. All rights reserved.
The object of this study was to manufacture and evaluate a simplified planter for planting okra seeds. The okra planter consists of four main parts of three cylindrical ellipsoid hoppers with bored metal strips, furrow openers and covering device. The planter was adjusted to plant okra seeds under the following parameters: three different numbers of holes on the hopper of 3, 4 and 5 holes; four different hole diameters of 6, 6.5, 7 and 7.5 mm; and three different planter forward speeds of 0.55, 0.78 and 1.15 km/h. From obtained laboratory and field tests, it could be concluded the followings: The maximum seed discharged from the hoppers of 8.16, 7.82 and 7.42 kg/fed were achieved at 5 holes number on the hopper and planter forward speeds of 0.55, 0.78 and 1.15 km/h, respectively. The maximum mean seed No. in the hill of 4.91, 4.63 and 4.36 seed/hill were achieved at 4 holes number on the hopper, 7.5 mm hole diameter and planter forward speeds of 0.55, 0.78 and 1.15 km/h, respectively. While these values were decreased to 3.71, 3,38 and 3.08 seed/hill and to 4.43, 4.05 and 3.72 seed/hill at 3 and 5 holes number, 7.5 mm hole diameter and planter forward speed of 0.55, 0.78 and 1.15 km/h, respectively. The minimum values of (C.V.) of 7.96, 9,14 and 14.81 % were occurred at 4 holes number on the hopper, 7 mm hole diameter and planter forward speed of 0.55, 0.78 and 1.15 km/h, respectively. The maximum okra yield of 5.12 Mg/fed was achieved at 4 holes number on the hopper, 7 mm hole diameter and planter forward speed of 0.78 km/h. While, the minimum okra yield of 2.91 Mg/fed was achieved at 5 holes number on the hopper, 6 mm hole diameter and planter forward speed of 0.55 km/h. The minimum energy consumed and planting cost of 0.186 and 41.60 kW.h/fed; 16.10 and 43.90 L.E/fed were obtained at high forward speed of 1.15 km/h for both worker with planter and tractor with planter, respectively. * Assist. Prof. of Agric. Eng., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt. Misr J. Ag. Eng., 29(2): 633-654 FARM MACHINERY AND POWER Misr J. Ag. Eng., April 2012-634-1. INTRODUCTION owadays, some farmers are sowing special kinds of crops which give more benefits than other traditional crops. Some of these crops are okra, rosella, rosemary and all kinds of aromatic and medicine crops. These crops are sowing in a small scale of areas over wide Egypt, for this reason most farmers sowing these crops manually or using mechanical planters consumed more cost and not available in the right time. Kumar et. al. (1986) developed a manually operated seeding attachment for an animal drawn cultivator. The seed rate was 43.2 kg/h, while the field capacity was 0.282 ha/h. Tests showed minimal seed damage with good performance for wheat and barley. Simalenga and Hatibu (1991) tested a hand planter on the field and found the work rate of the planter to be between 18 man-hours per hectare and 27 man-hour per hectare when using conventional hand-hoe planting method. Gupta and Herwanto (1992) designed and developed a direct paddy seeder to match a two-wheel tractor. The machine had a field capacity of about 0.5 ha/h at a forward speed of 0.81m/s. Damage due to the metering mechanism was nil for soaked seeds and 3% for pre germinated seeds. Molin and D'Agostini (1996) developed a rolling punch planter for stony conditions, using 12 spades radially arranged with cam activated doors and a plate seed meter. Preliminary evaluation showed important improvement in the planting operation with reduction in human effort, more accurate stands and high field capacity. To attain optimum planting condition for productivity. Pradhan et. al. (1997) developed a power tiller-operated groundnut planter cumfertilizer drill with an actual field capacity of 0.16 ha/h. Sivakumar et. Al. (2005) developed a direct seeder based on the machine and operational parameters involved in direct sowing of rice. In the existing models of the direct rice seeder, the dry/wet seeds are drilled continuously at a higher seed rate than the recommended and without desired seed to seed spacing. They studied the influence of the operational parameters viz., drum shape, diameter of drum, diameter of seed metering hole, number of seed metering holes and forward speed of operation on seed rate of the rice drum seeder in the laboratory condition. The hyperboloid drum shape was optimized with 200 mm drum diameter, 9 numbers of seed metering holes having 10 mm diameter of seed metering hole and 1.0 km/h
Medicinal and aromatic plants are one sources of strategic income if they are growing and processed as a recommended product because of there are industrial raw materials for many products. Egypt is unique location and topography, is considered one of the most countries suitable for planting all kinds of medicinal and aromatic plants. Whereas, it enjoys with all conditions of climate required for the growth of these plants. Hence, it was necessary to pay attention to the means of modern agriculture that maintain the medicinal and aromatic “MAA” seeds to plants.
However, there is no authentic information regarding the extent of space lined below “MAA” plants. The knowledge about the selling arrangement is additionally fluid, notably for medicinal plants. In these conditions, there is a necessity to judge the economic science of planting “MAA” seeds. Considering the inherent market imperfections that result from institutional and a total economic preference for medicinal plants required more confidence. There is currently wide recognition of the contributions that “MAA” plants build to the world economy and human welfare.
Despite the multiple specifications of these seeds, providing a planting machine suitable for the small and light types is one of the main tasks for those working to develop a planter. These planters must adjust to produce the required number of seeds per unit area.
The widely plants of medicinal and aromatic seeds cultivated in the Arab Republic of Egypt are the fennel and the fenugreek plants. Generally, the total planting area of medicinal and aromatic seeds is 105630 feddan for a total production of about 724,628Mg. However, the fenugreek and fennel seeds produce about 4056 and 5846 Mg respectively according to the annual bulletin of statistical crop area and plant production (2021).
Therefore, many researchers turned to developing ways of planting and producing medicinal and aromatic crops. So, some of them planted him with needles and the others with broadcasting.
The following considerations are considered the main steps to achieve the requirements of preparing and developing a machine to plant the medicinal and aromatic "MAA" seeds:
1- Investigate a pneumatic precision planter from local material to suit seeding fennel and fenugreek seeds.
2- Studying several variables that affect investigated pneumatic precision planter performance indoor/outdoor.
3- Evaluate the pneumatic precision planter for planting the small and light seeds.
Earth’s population is projected to cross 10 billion by 2050, and the amount of food required to feed that population double of what we produce today. There is an immediate need to increase the efficiency of our agricultural practices. This is ever more relevant in India, where an estimated 70% of population is finds employment in the agricultural sector, compared to 2% in a developed country like the United States of America. During this study, analysis of seed sowing practices adopted by low-income farmers in the country has done. This paper utilizes the concepts of mechatronics and allied fields to develop a low-cost machine that can automate the process to some extent. This machine will enable the farmers to engage in alternative activities that generate income. By this paper farmers will have an option that without their direct involvement, their land is being ploughed and seeds being sown. This automatic seed sowing machine will traverse the entire area of the field in parallel rows. During the traverse process this machine will dig up the earth and plant the seeds at the same time. Therefore, it will greatly reduce the time spent in planting. The machine will carry seeds on board and can be used to plant a variety of seeds. The spacing requirements of different flora is taken into consideration, and the machine will provide controls for adjusting the spacing between consecutive seeds being sown. It will be run on wheels, which are driven using a DC motor drawing energy from a battery. This machine aims to automate a highly labour-intensive task for farmers lacking the financing resources to afford traditional farm machinery.
Este livro foi concebido para apresentar tecnologias para ampliar a Eficiência dos Sistemas Produtivos Agroecológicos (SPA). Basicamente os SPA se traduzem ao respeito à Mãe Terra sem limitar as potencialidades de seus Filhos Humanos, eles visam mudar o paradigma que hoje é de um “cabo de guerra” onde deve haver um vencedor, por uma “roda de ciranda” onde todos brincam juntos e assim ligar as pontas desta corda distendida entre o bem-estar humano e o equilíbrio ecológico.
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 1969. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [37]-38).